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The Renaissance lasted from 1350-1600 and marked the end of the Medieval period. It began in Italy due to trade connections with other cultures like the Byzantine Empire. New intellectual movements emerged such as humanism which focused on secular topics and emphasized the value of the individual. The new learning during this period led to the discovery that some important Church documents were forgeries, which undermined the Church's authority. Italian city-states remained independent and enjoyed freedom, though they also frequently fought each other over business disputes.
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Movement
Two ancient Mediterranean civilizations, Greece and Rome, developed as models for the western world through colonization, immigration, and trade. Their influence spread worldwide. The document outlines the major developments in European civilization from early peoples through antiquity, the Middle Ages, modern times, and increasing globalization and cooperation in Europe. Key events and periods discussed include the Renaissance, reforms, industrial and scientific revolutions, world wars, the Cold War, and formation of the European Union.
The Renaissance
The Renaissance began in Italy in the late Middle Ages and led to major changes in Europe. The wealthy city-states of Florence, Venice, and Genoa grew prosperous through trade along Mediterranean routes. This increased wealth allowed families like the Medicis in Florence to become patrons of the arts, supporting innovations in painting, sculpture, architecture and more. Iconic artists like Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, and Raphael emerged during this period and helped transform European art and culture.
17.2 - The Northern Renaissance
The Northern Renaissance differed from the Italian Renaissance in several key ways. While wealthy merchants and independent city-states drove the Italian Renaissance, the Northern Renaissance was led by powerful monarchies in countries like France. King Francis I of France was a major patron of the arts who sponsored works by Leonardo da Vinci and expanded the royal library. Literature during this period combined humanist ideas with Christianity. Additionally, the invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg made books widely accessible for the first time by allowing mass production of written works.
Renaissance and Reformation
The document provides information about the Renaissance and Reformation periods in Europe. It discusses how the Renaissance began in Italy due to trade bringing ideas and goods from other parts of the world, sparking curiosity. Important Renaissance figures like Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, and William Shakespeare are mentioned. Johann Gutenberg's invention of the printing press is described as important for spreading ideas widely. The Reformation began as people broke away from the Catholic Church, which some saw as unfair and corrupt, including Martin Luther who posted complaints challenging the Church.
Renaissance and reformation
The Renaissance began in 14th century Italy as a period of cultural and intellectual revival following the Middle Ages. It spread across Europe over subsequent centuries as new ideas in politics, society, religion, and the arts emerged. The Protestant Reformation began as a religious challenge to the Catholic Church in the 16th century, led by Martin Luther. Luther's teachings and the spread of new Protestant faiths like Calvinism divided Europe along religious lines and weakened the power and influence of the Catholic Church.
Renaissance & Reformation
The document provides information on the growth of Italian city-states during the Renaissance period from 1450-1600. Key developments included increased trade and navigation, specialized merchant skills in cities like Florence and Venice, and the rise of ruling families like the Medicis in Florence. It also discusses the political philosopher Machiavelli and his views on power, as well as the Christian humanist movement in northern Europe exemplified by figures like Erasmus and Thomas More who applied scholarly techniques to religious texts and criticized aspects of church and society. The Protestant Reformation led by Martin Luther is also summarized, including his 95 Theses challenging church practices like indulgences and his beliefs in salvation by faith alone and the authority of the Bible.
14.1 - Church Reform and The Crusades
There's lots covered here. It goes through medieval Catholic Church reform, cathedral styles, the Crusades, and the Spanish Inquisition.
Italian Renaissance Society and the Revival of the Money Economy
The big social and economic changes that the city states of Venice, Milan, and Florence began called the Italian Renaissance.
Recommended
Movement
Two ancient Mediterranean civilizations, Greece and Rome, developed as models for the western world through colonization, immigration, and trade. Their influence spread worldwide. The document outlines the major developments in European civilization from early peoples through antiquity, the Middle Ages, modern times, and increasing globalization and cooperation in Europe. Key events and periods discussed include the Renaissance, reforms, industrial and scientific revolutions, world wars, the Cold War, and formation of the European Union.
The Renaissance
The Renaissance began in Italy in the late Middle Ages and led to major changes in Europe. The wealthy city-states of Florence, Venice, and Genoa grew prosperous through trade along Mediterranean routes. This increased wealth allowed families like the Medicis in Florence to become patrons of the arts, supporting innovations in painting, sculpture, architecture and more. Iconic artists like Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, and Raphael emerged during this period and helped transform European art and culture.
17.2 - The Northern Renaissance
The Northern Renaissance differed from the Italian Renaissance in several key ways. While wealthy merchants and independent city-states drove the Italian Renaissance, the Northern Renaissance was led by powerful monarchies in countries like France. King Francis I of France was a major patron of the arts who sponsored works by Leonardo da Vinci and expanded the royal library. Literature during this period combined humanist ideas with Christianity. Additionally, the invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg made books widely accessible for the first time by allowing mass production of written works.
Renaissance and Reformation
The document provides information about the Renaissance and Reformation periods in Europe. It discusses how the Renaissance began in Italy due to trade bringing ideas and goods from other parts of the world, sparking curiosity. Important Renaissance figures like Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, and William Shakespeare are mentioned. Johann Gutenberg's invention of the printing press is described as important for spreading ideas widely. The Reformation began as people broke away from the Catholic Church, which some saw as unfair and corrupt, including Martin Luther who posted complaints challenging the Church.
Renaissance and reformation
The Renaissance began in 14th century Italy as a period of cultural and intellectual revival following the Middle Ages. It spread across Europe over subsequent centuries as new ideas in politics, society, religion, and the arts emerged. The Protestant Reformation began as a religious challenge to the Catholic Church in the 16th century, led by Martin Luther. Luther's teachings and the spread of new Protestant faiths like Calvinism divided Europe along religious lines and weakened the power and influence of the Catholic Church.
Renaissance & Reformation
The document provides information on the growth of Italian city-states during the Renaissance period from 1450-1600. Key developments included increased trade and navigation, specialized merchant skills in cities like Florence and Venice, and the rise of ruling families like the Medicis in Florence. It also discusses the political philosopher Machiavelli and his views on power, as well as the Christian humanist movement in northern Europe exemplified by figures like Erasmus and Thomas More who applied scholarly techniques to religious texts and criticized aspects of church and society. The Protestant Reformation led by Martin Luther is also summarized, including his 95 Theses challenging church practices like indulgences and his beliefs in salvation by faith alone and the authority of the Bible.
14.1 - Church Reform and The Crusades
There's lots covered here. It goes through medieval Catholic Church reform, cathedral styles, the Crusades, and the Spanish Inquisition.
Italian Renaissance Society and the Revival of the Money Economy
The big social and economic changes that the city states of Venice, Milan, and Florence began called the Italian Renaissance.
Renaissance art reformation
The Protestant Reformation rejected Catholic doctrine and authority, including Catholic art traditions. Protestant reformers rejected religious visual art in churches, often trying to destroy Catholic art. As a result, religious art became less common in Protestant northern Europe, while many Protestant artists turned to secular subjects like portraits and landscapes. One relatively rare Protestant religious painting showed Christ in a naturalistic, unadorned style without iconic elements like halos.
6 1 the renaissance and reformation
The document summarizes the key events and impacts of the Renaissance and Reformation periods in Europe between 1300-1600 CE. The Renaissance began in Italian city-states and was sparked by a rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman achievements. Notable figures like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo helped spread Renaissance ideals of humanism and realistic art. Martin Luther protested corruption in the Catholic Church and inspired the Protestant Reformation with his 95 Theses. His translation of the Bible increased literacy and the spread of Protestant ideals, dividing Europe along new religious lines. The Catholic Church held the Council of Trent and established the Inquisition to combat the growing heresy of Protestantism.
Renaissance and reformation quick review
1) The Renaissance began in Italy in the 15th century and saw a rebirth of classical ideas of ancient Greece and Rome in areas like art, politics, science, and education.
2) Two of the most famous Italian Renaissance artists were Leonardo da Vinci, who was a painter, inventor, and scientist, and Michelangelo, known for realistic sculptures and paintings including the Sistine Chapel.
3) The Protestant Reformation began as a protest against corruption in the Catholic Church and led to new Christian denominations like Lutheranism and Anglicanism. Martin Luther and Henry VIII helped establish these new branches of Christianity.
Top ten events timelines
Vasco de Gama's voyage around Africa in 1488 reduced Europe's dependence on the Silk Road and shifted economic power to the Iberian Peninsula. Columbus' discovery of the Americas in 1492 led to new trade routes and European colonization. The Middle Passage trade route beginning in 1501 resulted in the forced migration of nearly 6 million people in a tragic exploitation of humanity.
17.3 - Luther Starts The Reformation
The document provides background on the Protestant Reformation that began in the 16th century. It discusses several factors that weakened the authority of the Catholic Church and paved the way for Martin Luther to post his 95 Theses criticizing the sale of indulgences in 1517. This sparked the wider Reformation movement in Germany and other parts of Europe. King Henry VIII later broke England away from the Catholic Church to allow for his divorce and establish himself as the head of the Church of England. The Reformation had political as well as religious impacts across Europe.
Dutch Golden Age
The document provides instructions for visiting a museum with exhibits on 17th century Dutch paintings, architecture, artifacts, and science. It includes background information on different aspects of Dutch culture, economy, and global trade during the Dutch Golden Age. Key figures mentioned include Rembrandt, Vermeer, Houtman, Leeuwenhoek, and Tulp.
Renaissance & reformation
The document discusses the key ideas and events of the Renaissance and Reformation periods in Europe. It notes that the Renaissance began in Italy in the 14th century as a rebirth of classical Greek and Roman ideas and values that emphasized humanism and individualism. Wealthy Italian city-states like Florence and Venice were centers of art and learning due to their prosperous trade. The new ideas of the Renaissance then spread to other parts of Europe. The Reformation began as a religious movement led by Martin Luther that questioned Catholic Church practices and corruption and led to the establishment of Protestantism in the 16th century.
Renaissance and Reformation
The Renaissance and Reformation
(1350-1600)
Spirit of the Renaissance
Arts and Literature of the
Renaissance
Changing Patterns of Life
Beginnings of the Protestant
Reformation
Further Challenges to the
Catholic Church
Ch 13
The document provides an overview of the Renaissance and Reformation periods from 1300-1650. It discusses how the Renaissance ideals of humanism and secularism emerged in Italy and influenced art, literature, and thought. Key figures like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael produced renowned works reflecting these ideals. The Reformation started as religious protests by Martin Luther against Catholic Church corruption and indulgences and led to the establishment of Protestant faiths. The new ideas spread throughout Europe amid religious conflicts and persecution of various groups.
July 1 Live Lesson _ Renaissance and Reformation
The Renaissance began in 14th century Italy and marked a rebirth of classical Greek and Roman ideas and culture. Art and literature shifted from focusing solely on the Church and salvation to emphasizing individualism and worldly matters. Notable Renaissance artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo produced famous works that were commissioned by wealthy Italian patrons. The Protestant Reformation began as a religious protest in Germany in 1517 led by Martin Luther and spread due to the new printing press. This led to divisions in Christianity and weakened the power and influence of the Catholic Church.
Europe’s commercial revolution chapter 13
- The document discusses major economic, social, and political changes in Europe between 1000-1500 CE, including the rise of cereal agriculture, rise of towns and trade, development of feudalism and manorialism, growth of the Catholic Church and establishment of universities, and the Crusades. Key developments were the growth of agricultural productivity through cerealization, rise of towns and guilds, spread of feudal political structures, founding of universities, and religious Crusades against Muslims and heretics.
Unit 5: The Renaissance & Reformation
The document provides an overview of the Renaissance period in Italy, noting its origins in Florence and spread across Europe from 1400-1600 AD. Banking families like the Medicis used their wealth to patronize artists and scholars. Thinkers including Machiavelli, Humanists, and artists such as Michelangelo, Da Vinci, and Brunelleschi contributed greatly to Renaissance art, architecture and thought. This cultural flowering was challenged by the Protestant Reformation led by Martin Luther against perceived corruption in the Catholic Church.
Ch.1 l3
Martin Luther's posting of his 95 Theses criticizing the Catholic Church's practice of selling indulgences in 1517 sparked the Protestant Reformation. Luther protested abuses in the Catholic Church and came to believe that salvation came through faith alone rather than through faith and good works as the Church taught. Luther's ideas spread rapidly through the printing press and helped establish Protestantism as an alternative to Catholicism in Europe.
The Renaissance and Reformation
The document discusses key figures of the Renaissance and Reformation periods from the 15th to 16th centuries. It profiles Leonardo da Vinci, Johannes Gutenberg, Michelangelo, Niccolo Machiavelli, Martin Luther, John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli, and Pope Leo X; describing their lives, accomplishments, and roles in the changes occurring in Europe during this time period of cultural, intellectual, and religious transformation. Bibliographic references are also provided for further information on each individual.
Unit6
The document discusses life and society in feudal Europe between the 10th and 13th centuries. It describes the political, economic, and social system of feudalism, including the relationship between vassals and lords and between lords and peasants. Agriculture was the main economic activity, with peasants farming the lands of feudal lords in exchange for protection. Society was organized into estates including nobility, clergy, peasants, and craftsmen. Religion played a large role in culture and architecture during this period.
Weigh The Evidence Renaissance
Based on the ratings of the exhibits, the total score is +6. Since the score is positive, the sources overall support the statement that "Life in the Renaissance was very different than life in the Middle Ages."
Life in the Renaissance was very different than life in the Middle Ages. Exhibit A, which describes changes in daily life like more luxuries and opportunities for non-nobles, received a +2 as strong evidence for how Renaissance life differed. Exhibit D, the personal testimony about increased population and variety of jobs, also received a +2 for providing specific examples of differences. Exhibit E, showing the stylistic changes between Madonna paintings from the periods, received a +1 for depicting artistic evolution.
While
Chapter 11 early modern europe
The document provides an overview of major developments in Europe during the Renaissance and early modern period. It discusses how the Renaissance led to new ideas in literature, art, and science from figures like Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. It also summarizes the Protestant Reformation begun by Martin Luther in 1517 and the spread of his ideas through the printing press. Finally, it outlines the rise of nation-states like England, the English Magna Carta limiting royal power, and England's defeat of the Spanish Armada under Queen Elizabeth I in 1588.
Medieval Society
The document summarizes changes in Europe between the 11th and 12th centuries, including the decline of feudalism and rise of trade, towns, and universities. The growth of trade and towns shifted Europe's economic foundation from agriculture. Italian cities like Venice, Florence, and Genoa led the way in trade. Craft workers began producing goods for European-wide trade, and guilds organized to regulate trades and provide training. Larger towns and cities developed, gaining independence from feudal lords. Conditions in early medieval towns were unsanitary due to waste disposal and narrow streets, though towns continued growing due to expanded trade and wealth.
04 09 project
This document provides a brief summary and history of four major European cities: Florence, Italy; Lisbon, Portugal; Wittenberg, Germany; and Rome, Italy. It discusses how Florence was a center of banking, trade, and the arts during the Renaissance, supported by the wealthy and influential Medici family. It describes how Lisbon was the starting point for many Portuguese explorations during the Age of Discovery. Wittenberg is presented as the home of Martin Luther and the location where he posted his 95 Theses, sparking the Protestant Reformation. Finally, it outlines how Rome and the Catholic Church responded to the Reformation through organizations like the Council of Trent and the Index of Forbidden Books.
Protestant Reformation
William Shakespeare was an English Renaissance writer. Some of his most famous quotes reflect on themes of wisdom, love, and greatness. The document also provides background on the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century and its effects. Martin Luther's nailing of his 95 Theses challenging Catholic Church practices in 1517 is seen as marking the start of the Protestant Reformation. The Reformation transformed Christianity and had wide-ranging impacts across Europe.
12iii Pt 2 The Medieval Church
The Medieval Catholic Church was the central authority in Western Europe and taught that people were inherently sinful and dependent on God's grace to reach heaven. People participated in sacraments like baptism, communion, and confession that were administered by the Church. While Christianity could be complex, monks and nuns helped spread the religion through missionary work, teaching literacy, and operating hospitals. The Church held significant political and social power through the 1100s when calls for reform began regarding issues like corruption among clergy.
16i Pt2 The Black Death
The Black Death was a devastating pandemic that originated in China in the 1330s and spread to Europe. It was caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, which was carried and transmitted to humans by fleas on infected rats. There were three main forms: bubonic plague which caused swollen lymph nodes, pneumonic plague which infected the lungs, and septicemic plague which caused high fevers and purple skin discoloration. All forms had high mortality rates. The plague arrived in Europe in 1347 via infected merchant ships from the Black Sea docking in Sicily, and then spread rapidly across the continent killing around 25 million people, one third of Europe's population.
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Renaissance art reformation
The Protestant Reformation rejected Catholic doctrine and authority, including Catholic art traditions. Protestant reformers rejected religious visual art in churches, often trying to destroy Catholic art. As a result, religious art became less common in Protestant northern Europe, while many Protestant artists turned to secular subjects like portraits and landscapes. One relatively rare Protestant religious painting showed Christ in a naturalistic, unadorned style without iconic elements like halos.
6 1 the renaissance and reformation
The document summarizes the key events and impacts of the Renaissance and Reformation periods in Europe between 1300-1600 CE. The Renaissance began in Italian city-states and was sparked by a rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman achievements. Notable figures like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo helped spread Renaissance ideals of humanism and realistic art. Martin Luther protested corruption in the Catholic Church and inspired the Protestant Reformation with his 95 Theses. His translation of the Bible increased literacy and the spread of Protestant ideals, dividing Europe along new religious lines. The Catholic Church held the Council of Trent and established the Inquisition to combat the growing heresy of Protestantism.
Renaissance and reformation quick review
1) The Renaissance began in Italy in the 15th century and saw a rebirth of classical ideas of ancient Greece and Rome in areas like art, politics, science, and education.
2) Two of the most famous Italian Renaissance artists were Leonardo da Vinci, who was a painter, inventor, and scientist, and Michelangelo, known for realistic sculptures and paintings including the Sistine Chapel.
3) The Protestant Reformation began as a protest against corruption in the Catholic Church and led to new Christian denominations like Lutheranism and Anglicanism. Martin Luther and Henry VIII helped establish these new branches of Christianity.
Top ten events timelines
Vasco de Gama's voyage around Africa in 1488 reduced Europe's dependence on the Silk Road and shifted economic power to the Iberian Peninsula. Columbus' discovery of the Americas in 1492 led to new trade routes and European colonization. The Middle Passage trade route beginning in 1501 resulted in the forced migration of nearly 6 million people in a tragic exploitation of humanity.
17.3 - Luther Starts The Reformation
The document provides background on the Protestant Reformation that began in the 16th century. It discusses several factors that weakened the authority of the Catholic Church and paved the way for Martin Luther to post his 95 Theses criticizing the sale of indulgences in 1517. This sparked the wider Reformation movement in Germany and other parts of Europe. King Henry VIII later broke England away from the Catholic Church to allow for his divorce and establish himself as the head of the Church of England. The Reformation had political as well as religious impacts across Europe.
Dutch Golden Age
The document provides instructions for visiting a museum with exhibits on 17th century Dutch paintings, architecture, artifacts, and science. It includes background information on different aspects of Dutch culture, economy, and global trade during the Dutch Golden Age. Key figures mentioned include Rembrandt, Vermeer, Houtman, Leeuwenhoek, and Tulp.
Renaissance & reformation
The document discusses the key ideas and events of the Renaissance and Reformation periods in Europe. It notes that the Renaissance began in Italy in the 14th century as a rebirth of classical Greek and Roman ideas and values that emphasized humanism and individualism. Wealthy Italian city-states like Florence and Venice were centers of art and learning due to their prosperous trade. The new ideas of the Renaissance then spread to other parts of Europe. The Reformation began as a religious movement led by Martin Luther that questioned Catholic Church practices and corruption and led to the establishment of Protestantism in the 16th century.
Renaissance and Reformation
The Renaissance and Reformation
(1350-1600)
Spirit of the Renaissance
Arts and Literature of the
Renaissance
Changing Patterns of Life
Beginnings of the Protestant
Reformation
Further Challenges to the
Catholic Church
Ch 13
The document provides an overview of the Renaissance and Reformation periods from 1300-1650. It discusses how the Renaissance ideals of humanism and secularism emerged in Italy and influenced art, literature, and thought. Key figures like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael produced renowned works reflecting these ideals. The Reformation started as religious protests by Martin Luther against Catholic Church corruption and indulgences and led to the establishment of Protestant faiths. The new ideas spread throughout Europe amid religious conflicts and persecution of various groups.
July 1 Live Lesson _ Renaissance and Reformation
The Renaissance began in 14th century Italy and marked a rebirth of classical Greek and Roman ideas and culture. Art and literature shifted from focusing solely on the Church and salvation to emphasizing individualism and worldly matters. Notable Renaissance artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo produced famous works that were commissioned by wealthy Italian patrons. The Protestant Reformation began as a religious protest in Germany in 1517 led by Martin Luther and spread due to the new printing press. This led to divisions in Christianity and weakened the power and influence of the Catholic Church.
Europe’s commercial revolution chapter 13
- The document discusses major economic, social, and political changes in Europe between 1000-1500 CE, including the rise of cereal agriculture, rise of towns and trade, development of feudalism and manorialism, growth of the Catholic Church and establishment of universities, and the Crusades. Key developments were the growth of agricultural productivity through cerealization, rise of towns and guilds, spread of feudal political structures, founding of universities, and religious Crusades against Muslims and heretics.
Unit 5: The Renaissance & Reformation
The document provides an overview of the Renaissance period in Italy, noting its origins in Florence and spread across Europe from 1400-1600 AD. Banking families like the Medicis used their wealth to patronize artists and scholars. Thinkers including Machiavelli, Humanists, and artists such as Michelangelo, Da Vinci, and Brunelleschi contributed greatly to Renaissance art, architecture and thought. This cultural flowering was challenged by the Protestant Reformation led by Martin Luther against perceived corruption in the Catholic Church.
Ch.1 l3
Martin Luther's posting of his 95 Theses criticizing the Catholic Church's practice of selling indulgences in 1517 sparked the Protestant Reformation. Luther protested abuses in the Catholic Church and came to believe that salvation came through faith alone rather than through faith and good works as the Church taught. Luther's ideas spread rapidly through the printing press and helped establish Protestantism as an alternative to Catholicism in Europe.
The Renaissance and Reformation
The document discusses key figures of the Renaissance and Reformation periods from the 15th to 16th centuries. It profiles Leonardo da Vinci, Johannes Gutenberg, Michelangelo, Niccolo Machiavelli, Martin Luther, John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli, and Pope Leo X; describing their lives, accomplishments, and roles in the changes occurring in Europe during this time period of cultural, intellectual, and religious transformation. Bibliographic references are also provided for further information on each individual.
Unit6
The document discusses life and society in feudal Europe between the 10th and 13th centuries. It describes the political, economic, and social system of feudalism, including the relationship between vassals and lords and between lords and peasants. Agriculture was the main economic activity, with peasants farming the lands of feudal lords in exchange for protection. Society was organized into estates including nobility, clergy, peasants, and craftsmen. Religion played a large role in culture and architecture during this period.
Weigh The Evidence Renaissance
Based on the ratings of the exhibits, the total score is +6. Since the score is positive, the sources overall support the statement that "Life in the Renaissance was very different than life in the Middle Ages."
Life in the Renaissance was very different than life in the Middle Ages. Exhibit A, which describes changes in daily life like more luxuries and opportunities for non-nobles, received a +2 as strong evidence for how Renaissance life differed. Exhibit D, the personal testimony about increased population and variety of jobs, also received a +2 for providing specific examples of differences. Exhibit E, showing the stylistic changes between Madonna paintings from the periods, received a +1 for depicting artistic evolution.
While
Chapter 11 early modern europe
The document provides an overview of major developments in Europe during the Renaissance and early modern period. It discusses how the Renaissance led to new ideas in literature, art, and science from figures like Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. It also summarizes the Protestant Reformation begun by Martin Luther in 1517 and the spread of his ideas through the printing press. Finally, it outlines the rise of nation-states like England, the English Magna Carta limiting royal power, and England's defeat of the Spanish Armada under Queen Elizabeth I in 1588.
Medieval Society
The document summarizes changes in Europe between the 11th and 12th centuries, including the decline of feudalism and rise of trade, towns, and universities. The growth of trade and towns shifted Europe's economic foundation from agriculture. Italian cities like Venice, Florence, and Genoa led the way in trade. Craft workers began producing goods for European-wide trade, and guilds organized to regulate trades and provide training. Larger towns and cities developed, gaining independence from feudal lords. Conditions in early medieval towns were unsanitary due to waste disposal and narrow streets, though towns continued growing due to expanded trade and wealth.
04 09 project
This document provides a brief summary and history of four major European cities: Florence, Italy; Lisbon, Portugal; Wittenberg, Germany; and Rome, Italy. It discusses how Florence was a center of banking, trade, and the arts during the Renaissance, supported by the wealthy and influential Medici family. It describes how Lisbon was the starting point for many Portuguese explorations during the Age of Discovery. Wittenberg is presented as the home of Martin Luther and the location where he posted his 95 Theses, sparking the Protestant Reformation. Finally, it outlines how Rome and the Catholic Church responded to the Reformation through organizations like the Council of Trent and the Index of Forbidden Books.
Protestant Reformation
William Shakespeare was an English Renaissance writer. Some of his most famous quotes reflect on themes of wisdom, love, and greatness. The document also provides background on the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century and its effects. Martin Luther's nailing of his 95 Theses challenging Catholic Church practices in 1517 is seen as marking the start of the Protestant Reformation. The Reformation transformed Christianity and had wide-ranging impacts across Europe.
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12iii Pt 2 The Medieval Church
The Medieval Catholic Church was the central authority in Western Europe and taught that people were inherently sinful and dependent on God's grace to reach heaven. People participated in sacraments like baptism, communion, and confession that were administered by the Church. While Christianity could be complex, monks and nuns helped spread the religion through missionary work, teaching literacy, and operating hospitals. The Church held significant political and social power through the 1100s when calls for reform began regarding issues like corruption among clergy.
16i Pt2 The Black Death
The Black Death was a devastating pandemic that originated in China in the 1330s and spread to Europe. It was caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, which was carried and transmitted to humans by fleas on infected rats. There were three main forms: bubonic plague which caused swollen lymph nodes, pneumonic plague which infected the lungs, and septicemic plague which caused high fevers and purple skin discoloration. All forms had high mortality rates. The plague arrived in Europe in 1347 via infected merchant ships from the Black Sea docking in Sicily, and then spread rapidly across the continent killing around 25 million people, one third of Europe's population.
12i Franks
The document summarizes the rise of medieval Europe following the fall of Rome. It describes how the Franks emerged as the dominant Germanic tribe in Western Europe under King Clovis, the first Germanic king to convert to Christianity. Pepin the Short then became the king of the Franks in 752 with support from nobles and the Church. His son Charlemagne expanded the Frankish lands into a large empire and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope in 800. This established the precedent of the Catholic Church legitimizing rulers in Western Europe and marked the rise of the Carolingian dynasty.
12ii Medieval Life Part 2
Noblemen in medieval times enjoyed displaying their combat skills in tournaments. Boys from noble families would begin training as young as age 7 to become knights by first working as pages and then squires. Knights adhered to a code of chivalry that required them to be fair in battle, defend the church, keep promises, and show courtesy to noblewomen. Peasants lived as serfs bound to the land they worked on and could be sold, with little freedom or rights. Serfs rarely survived past age 40 due to famine and disease, and lived in small one-room houses with dirt floors, eating little meat and finding relaxation in activities like wrestling and dancing.
13ii Econ And Cultural Revival
The Crusades accelerated Western Europe's transformation from a backward region to a more sophisticated one by pushing warfare out of Europe and giving time to develop. Around this time, the heavy plow and collar harness were invented, improving agriculture and allowing increased crop yields and population growth. Growing trade between cities like Venice, Pisa, and Genoa flourished due to safer travel. Schools and scholarship also grew, emphasizing reason as well as faith, as seen in works by Peter Abelard and Thomas Aquinas. Literature was spread by troubadours, including epics like Beowulf and Chanson de Roland.
11i Slavs And Islam
The document summarizes the spread of Islam from the 600s to 1100s CE. Muslim armies and traders spread Islam from the Arabian Peninsula across the Middle East, North Africa, and into Spain. However, success led to infighting as leaders fought for control of the Muslim empire, weakening it. By 1100 CE when the Crusades began, Muslim states had advanced scientific knowledge but had not emerged first from the medieval period due to political instability.
13iii Finished Str. The Mon.
The Hundred Years' War between England and France allowed for accelerated social and political development in Western Europe. Henry V of England won major victories at Crecy and Agincourt, but Henry VI lost much territory. Joan of Arc helped inspire French victories that turned the tide of the war in favor of France. By the end, only Calais remained under English control. The war weakened feudalism and led to the development of national armies and new styles of warfare. In France, Louis XI strengthened the monarchy and promoted unity.
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10i Byzantines
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This document summarizes Africa between 400-1450 AD. It notes that most history from this period comes from oral tradition rather than written records. It describes how the Sahara desert divided northern and southern Africa. It discusses some of the major empires that rose and fell in this period, including influences from the Roman Empire and spread of Christianity. It also describes the complex divisions among groups based on factors like race, religion, language and origin. Slavery increased with the introduction and spread of Islam across Africa.
6iv Fall Of Rome
The Fall of Rome was a gradual process that took hundreds of years, as Germanic tribes migrated into the Roman Empire and invaded its territory from the late 300s to early 400s AD. In 476 AD, the German general Odoacer captured Rome, marking the end of the Western Roman Empire after 1000 years. This precipitated an economic, political and social crisis and the beginning of the Medieval period. While the Western Roman Empire fell, the Eastern Byzantine Empire centered around Constantinople remained, maintaining a pocket of Roman civilization.
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Heartfulness Magazine - June 2024 (Volume 9, Issue 6)
Dear readers,
This month we continue with more inspiring talks from the Global Spirituality Mahotsav that was held from March 14 to 17, 2024, at Kanha Shanti Vanam.
We hear from Daaji on lifestyle and yoga in honor of International Day of Yoga, June 21, 2024. We also hear from Professor Bhavani Rao, Dean at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, on spirituality in action, the Venerable BhikkuSanghasena on how to be an ambassador for compassion, Dr. Tony Nader on the Maharishi Effect, Swami Mukundananda on the crossroads of modernization, Tejinder Kaur Basra on the purpose of work, the Venerable GesheDorjiDamdul on the psychology of peace, the Rt. Hon. Patricia Scotland, KC, Secretary-General of the Commonwealth, on how we are all related, and world-renowned violinist KumareshRajagopalan on the uplifting mysteries of music.
Dr. Prasad Veluthanar shares an Ayurvedic perspective on treating autism, Dr. IchakAdizes helps us navigate disagreements at work, Sravan Banda celebrates World Environment Day by sharing some tips on land restoration, and Sara Bubber tells our children another inspiring story and challenges them with some fun facts and riddles.
Happy reading,
The editors
English - The Book of 1st Samuel the Prophet.pdf
The Book of Samuel is a book in the Hebrew Bible, found as two books in the Old Testament. The book is part of the Deuteronomistic history, a series of books that constitute a theological history of the Israelites and that aim to explain God's law for Israel under the guidance of the prophets.
THE NARROW GATE.it discusses about the two gates pptx
mind opening to every christian that living a life
A375 Example Taste the taste of the Lord, the taste of the Lord The taste of...
It seems that current missionary work requires spending a lot of money, preparing a lot of materials, and traveling to far away places, so that it feels like missionary work. But what was the result they brought back? It's just a lot of photos of activities, fun eating, drinking and some playing games. And then we have to do the same thing next year, never ending. The church once mentioned that a certain missionary would go to the field where she used to work before the end of his life. It seemed that if she had not gone, no one would be willing to go. The reason why these missionary work is so difficult is that no one obeys God’s words, and the Bible is not the main content during missionary work, because in the eyes of those who do not obey God’s words, the Bible is just words and cannot be connected with life, so Reading out God's words is boring because it doesn't have any life experience, so it cannot be connected with human life. I will give a few examples in the hope that this situation can be changed. A375
快速办理(PU毕业证书)普渡大学毕业证文凭证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(PU毕业证书)普渡大学毕业证文凭证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Monthly Khazina-e-Ruhaniyaat Jun’2024 (Vol.15, Issue 2)
2nd issue of Volume 15. A magazine in urdu language mainly based on spiritual treatment and learning. Many topics on ISLAM, SUFISM, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SELF HELP, PSYCHOLOGY, HEALTH, SPIRITUAL TREATMENT, Ruqya etc.A very useful magazine for everyone.
312 A Wise Woman of Abel Beth Maakah Saves The Town
Sermon adapted from, Discovering Christ Day by Day, David Fortner
Sanatan Vastu | Experience Great Living | Vastu Expert
Santan Vastu Provides Vedic astrology courses & Vastu remedies, If you are searching Vastu for home, Vastu for kitchen, Vastu for house, Vastu for Office & Factory. Best Vastu in Bahadurgarh. Best Vastu in Delhi NCR
The_Chronological_Life_of_Christ_Part_104_Repentance_and_Restoration
The heart of the Father is to restore those who come with repentance.
Protector & Destroyer: Agni Dev (The Hindu God of Fire)
So let us turn the pages of ancient Indian literature and get to know more about Agni, the mighty purifier of all things, worshipped in Indian culture as a God since the Vedic time.
The Enchantment and Shadows_ Unveiling the Mysteries of Magic and Black Magic...
This manual will guide you through basic skills and tasks to help you get started with various aspects of Magic. Each section is designed to be easy to follow, with step-by-step instructions.
Trusting God's Providence | Verse: Romans 8: 28-31
Trusting God's Providence.
Providence - God’s active preservation and care over His creation. God is both the Creator and the Sustainer of all things Heb. 1:2-3; Col. 1:17
-God keep His promises.
-God’s general providence is toward all creation
- All things were made through Him
God’s special providence is toward His children.
We may suffer now, but joy can and will come
God can see what we cannot see
A Free eBook ~ Valuable LIFE Lessons to Learn ( 5 Sets of Presentations)...
A free eBook comprising 5 sets of PowerPoint presentations of meaningful stories /Inspirational pieces that teach important Dhamma/Life lessons. For reflection and practice to develop the mind to grow in love, compassion and wisdom. The texts are in English and Chinese.
My other free eBooks can be obtained from the following Links:
https://www.slideshare.net/ohteikbin/presentations
https://www.slideshare.net/ohteikbin/documents
The Vulnerabilities of Individuals Born Under Swati Nakshatra.pdf
Individuals born under Swati Nakshatra often exhibit a strong sense of independence and adaptability, yet they may also face vulnerabilities such as indecisiveness and a tendency to be easily swayed by external influences. Their quest for balance and harmony can sometimes lead to inner conflict and a lack of assertiveness. To know more visit: astroanuradha.com
The Hope of Salvation - Jude 1:24-25 - Message
Jude gives us hope at the end of a dark letter. In a dark world like today, we need the light of Christ to shine brighter and brighter. Jude shows us where to fix our focus so we can be filled with God's goodness and glory. Join us to explore this incredible passage.
Chandra Dev: Unveiling the Mystery of the Moon God
Shining brightly in the sky, some days more than others, the Moon in popular culture is a symbol of love, romance, and beauty. The ancient Hindu texts, however, mention the Moon as an intriguing and powerful being, worshiped by sages as Chandra.
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Heartfulness Magazine - June 2024 (Volume 9, Issue 6)
Heartfulness Magazine - June 2024 (Volume 9, Issue 6)
THE NARROW GATE.it discusses about the two gates pptx
THE NARROW GATE.it discusses about the two gates pptx
A375 Example Taste the taste of the Lord, the taste of the Lord The taste of...
A375 Example Taste the taste of the Lord, the taste of the Lord The taste of...
Monthly Khazina-e-Ruhaniyaat Jun’2024 (Vol.15, Issue 2)
Monthly Khazina-e-Ruhaniyaat Jun’2024 (Vol.15, Issue 2)
312 A Wise Woman of Abel Beth Maakah Saves The Town
312 A Wise Woman of Abel Beth Maakah Saves The Town
Sanatan Vastu | Experience Great Living | Vastu Expert
Sanatan Vastu | Experience Great Living | Vastu Expert
The_Chronological_Life_of_Christ_Part_104_Repentance_and_Restoration
The_Chronological_Life_of_Christ_Part_104_Repentance_and_Restoration
Protector & Destroyer: Agni Dev (The Hindu God of Fire)
Protector & Destroyer: Agni Dev (The Hindu God of Fire)
The Enchantment and Shadows_ Unveiling the Mysteries of Magic and Black Magic...
The Enchantment and Shadows_ Unveiling the Mysteries of Magic and Black Magic...
Trusting God's Providence | Verse: Romans 8: 28-31
Trusting God's Providence | Verse: Romans 8: 28-31
A Free eBook ~ Valuable LIFE Lessons to Learn ( 5 Sets of Presentations)...
A Free eBook ~ Valuable LIFE Lessons to Learn ( 5 Sets of Presentations)...
The Vulnerabilities of Individuals Born Under Swati Nakshatra.pdf
The Vulnerabilities of Individuals Born Under Swati Nakshatra.pdf
Chandra Dev: Unveiling the Mystery of the Moon God
Chandra Dev: Unveiling the Mystery of the Moon God
16i
- 1. Chapter 16 The Italian Renaissance
- 2. The Renaissance lasted from 1350-1600 and marked the end of the Medieval period. It was a time of cultural awakening and exploration of the natural world.
- 3. It began in Italy because they had access to trade with many other cultures (like the Byzantine Empire.)
- 4. New intellectual movements began such as humanism , that focused on secular (non- religious) topics. This created a belief in the value of the individual.
- 5. They believed that all individuals had dignity, worth, and value . The best way to develop these are through education . Stay in school or you may turn out like me!
- 6. The Italians opened schools that taught Greek, Latin, philosophy, and history (the only important ones.) We learn Greek because Belisarius spoke Greek, son. ?
- 7. Do not believe everything your book says. Nicolo Machiavelli didn’t really believe what he wrote in his book, The Prince . Hmmm, I’ve killed them all, now what’s for supper?
- 8. The new learning caused quite a stir. Some people found out that the document that gave the Pope legal supremacy over kings was actually a forgery! Legul dokumunt. -by Pope Bobby II
- 9. They also found out that the “ Donation of Constantine ” was a forgery. (Oops!) This made the Church look bad. Oops...
- 10. In Italy, the people resisted the efforts of kings to rule them, so they remained in independent city-states often ruled by wealthy families, but they had tremendous freedom. = $
- 11. Unfortunately, they often fought against each other in business related conflicts. Many of these were resolved through diplomacy. $ $ $ $ It’s all about the Benjamins!!