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16. Flattened Geographies
- 1. {16} Flattened Geographies & the Internet Cultural Geography M. Pesses Antelope Valley College
- 2. “The widening, deepening and speeding up of global interconnectedness” -Held et al., quoted in Faulconbridge and Beaverstock, “Globalization: Interconnected Worlds,” p. 331
- 4. Transnational Corporations ‡ Complex companies headquartered in one nation, but operating in multiple
- 5. Flattened Geographies ‡ Thomas Friedman ‡ “leveled playing field” Just about anyone can compete in today’s economy… and the US is getting left behind
- 6. The World is Flat? Globalization 1.0 (1492-1800) countries compete globally Globalization 2.0 (1800 to 2000) companies compete globally Globalization 3.0 (2000- now) individuals able to collaborate and compete globally
- 8. The World is Flat? ‡ Playing golf in Bangalore, told to aim between the Microsoft and IBM buildings ‡ CEO of Infosys gave him the idea of a “flat economic world”
- 9. Off-shoring
- 10. Off-shoring ‡ Jobs are relocated to another country to take advantage of lower costs and labor benefits. ‡ Can be low or high skilled positions
- 11. Off-shoring
- 13. Dell Theory of Conflict Prevention “The Dell Theory of Conflict Prevention argues that no two countries that are both part of the same global supply chain will ever fight a war as long as they are each part of that supply chain.” -The World is Flat
- 17. US-Mexico Borderlands ‡ Mexican Maquila Program, 1965 ‡ North American Free Trade Agreement, 1994 ‡ “Export Processing Zones”
- 19. Maquiladoras ‡ Majority women ‡ Changing roles ‡ Safety
- 21. Technopoles Geographic concentration of high-tech manufacturers Some cost more to live in than others
- 22. Outsourcing
- 23. Infosys ‡ Huge Indian company specializing in outsourcing ‡ Took advantage of major investments in tech during tech bubble (late 1990s, 2000) ‡ Can work on software projects, service industry, while we are sleeping in US Bangalore Campus
- 24. Supply Chains ‡ Globalization means these don’t have to be in the same country ‡ Software, images, digital information can be instantly “shipped”
- 25. The World is Flat “… what the flattening of the world means is that we are now connecting all the knowledge centers on the planet together into a single global network, which – if politics and terrorism do not get in the way – could usher in an amazing era of prosperity, innovation, and collaboration, by companies, communities, and individuals.”
- 28. Tax Preparation Tax outsourcing Servers in US to comply with law Indian preparers not able to print anything out US companies save money, have basic preparation done 400,000 returns done in 2005, 1.6 mil. In 2011
- 29. The World is Flat “When I was growing up, my parents told me, "Finish your dinner. People in China and India are starving." I tell my daughters, "Finish your homework. People in India and China are starving for your job."
- 30. Bangalore cost of living ‡ Monthly rent 900 sq ft furnished apartment in nice area - $371 ‡ Utilities for 1 month - $35 ‡ Bangalore is 68% cheaper than Los Angeles (Housing 82% cheaper)
- 34. Which future?
- 36. The World is Spiky Richard Florida Physical location is still very important ‡ Yes, globalization means Indian workers can handle US phone support ‡ But ‘the second, less obvious side to globalization is the tendency for higher-level economic activities such as innovation, design, finance, and media to cluster in a relatively small number of locations.’ (Who’s Your City, p. 19)
- 37. The World is Spiky So it does matter where you live Major cities in the world are still the place of innovation and economic development
- 39. World Light Emissions, 2002
- 40. Patents, 2002
Editor's Notes
- 1
- Reiterate our definition of globalization. This lecture will explore more of the social aspects of economic interconnectedness.
- Point out that not only is this a lot of work, but it is a global effort as well
- Becoming more normal
- Transnational activity has occurred since the beginning of humanity
- Bangalore – India’s Silicon Valley
- Off-shoring and outsourcing two different things!
- This really only works in the absence of religious fundamentalism
- The supply chain for one dell laptop 400 companies with 30 “key players”
- Issue of human rights
- 4/15/2019
- Tijuana, plants and houses
- Photo of woman in Sonora factory
- Outsourcing takes advantage of these
- Time zone difference means they are active when we are not. Speeds up productivity.
- China has handled off shore manufacturing, India has handled outsourcing of business funcitons
- Globalization 3.0 – individuals able to collaborate and compete globally
- valueNotes Research
- The good news is creative jobs will most likely stay here in the US for many more years… but US workers will need to compete for them.
- All from www.expatistan.com
- Attitudes are changing
- How has India’s colonial past allowed it to be relatively successful in the 21st century?
- Venezuela has line to Cuba
- Iranian soldiers crushing satellite dishes in street