The status of Tension Exercise Behavior among Iranian Office Workers based o...Health Educators Inc
Background: Exercise behavior is associated with decreased risks of mortality resulted from all
causes. While people suffer from inactivity, doing stretching exercise as an important daily
activity increases joints and muscles full range of motion and flexibility. This study aimed to
assess the status of tension exercise behavior among Iranian office workers based on Trans-
Theoretical Model (TTM).
Methods and Materials: In this cross sectional study, 420 office workers were selected randomly. The
A self-reported questionnaire based on TTM and tension exercise behavior were used to collect data
through self-reporting and analyzed by SPSS software version 16.
Results: Totally 420 office workers with mean age 37.12 ± 8.031 years were assessed. The results
found that 11.7 % of the participants (N = 49) were in pre-contemplation stage, 32.9% (N = 138)
in contemplation, 10 % (N = 42) in preparation stage, 24.5% (N = 103) in action stage and % 21 of
participants (N = 88) were in maintenance stage. There were significant relationship between
stages of TTM and tension exercise behavior.
Conclusions: This study indicated that about the majority of office workers were in contemplation and
pre-contemplation stag regarding tension exercise. Therefore, designing proper educational
intervention is strongly recommended
Specificity of balance training in healthy individualsFernando Farias
Objectives The objective of this systematic literature
review and meta-analysis was to determine to what extent
the training of balance tasks can improve performance in
non-trained balance tasks.
The status of Tension Exercise Behavior among Iranian Office Workers based o...Health Educators Inc
Background: Exercise behavior is associated with decreased risks of mortality resulted from all
causes. While people suffer from inactivity, doing stretching exercise as an important daily
activity increases joints and muscles full range of motion and flexibility. This study aimed to
assess the status of tension exercise behavior among Iranian office workers based on Trans-
Theoretical Model (TTM).
Methods and Materials: In this cross sectional study, 420 office workers were selected randomly. The
A self-reported questionnaire based on TTM and tension exercise behavior were used to collect data
through self-reporting and analyzed by SPSS software version 16.
Results: Totally 420 office workers with mean age 37.12 ± 8.031 years were assessed. The results
found that 11.7 % of the participants (N = 49) were in pre-contemplation stage, 32.9% (N = 138)
in contemplation, 10 % (N = 42) in preparation stage, 24.5% (N = 103) in action stage and % 21 of
participants (N = 88) were in maintenance stage. There were significant relationship between
stages of TTM and tension exercise behavior.
Conclusions: This study indicated that about the majority of office workers were in contemplation and
pre-contemplation stag regarding tension exercise. Therefore, designing proper educational
intervention is strongly recommended
Specificity of balance training in healthy individualsFernando Farias
Objectives The objective of this systematic literature
review and meta-analysis was to determine to what extent
the training of balance tasks can improve performance in
non-trained balance tasks.
A Persuasive mHealth Behavioral Change Intervention for Promoting Physical Ac...Sanaul Haque
Background: Employees in an office setting are more likely to remain physically inactive. Physical inactivity has become one of the major barriers to overcoming the risk factors for anxiety, depression, coronary heart disease, certain cancers, and type 2
diabetes. Currently, there is a gap in mobile health (mHealth) apps to promote physical activity (PA) for workers in the workplace. Studies on behavior change theories have concluded that health apps generally lack the use of theoretical constructs.
Objective: The objective of this study was to study the feasibility of a persuasive app aimed at encouraging PA among employees and to understand the motivational aspects behind the implementation of mHealth apps among office workers.
Methods: A 4-week study using a mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) design was conducted with office-based employees in cities in 4 countries: Oulu, Finland; Carlow, Ireland; London, United Kingdom; and Dhaka, Bangladesh. Of the 220 invited participants (experimental group, n=115; control group, n=105), 84 participated (experimental group, n=56; control group, n=28), consisting of working-age volunteers working in an office setting. Participants used 2 different interventions: The experimental group used an mHealth app for PA motivation, and the control group used a paper diary. The purpose was to motivate employees to engage in healthier behavior regarding the promotion of PA in the workplace. A user-centered design process was followed to design, develop, and evaluate the mHealth app, incorporating self-determination theory (SDT) and using game elements. The paper diary had no specific theory-driven approach, design technique, nor game elements.
Results: Compliance with app usage remained relatively low, with 27 participants (experimental group, n=20; control group,
n=7) completing the study. The results support the original hypothesis that the mHealth app would help increase PA (ie, promoting daily walking in the workplace) in comparison to a paper diary (P=.033). The mHealth app supported 2 of the basic SDT psychological needs, namely autonomy (P=.004) and competence (P=.014), but not the needs of relatedness (P=.535).
Conclusions: The SDT-based mHealth application motivated employees to increase their PA in the workplace. However,
compliance with app usage remained low. Future research should further develop the app based on user feedback and test it in a larger sample.
Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Brief Scales for Copin...Crimsonpublisherscojnh
Background: Work related stress is very important issue among workers. It causes many different health problems. Coping strategies are key factors for dealing with and controlling job stress. The Brief Stress Coping Profile (BSCP) is documented to assess coping profiles of workers.
Purpose: The aim of this study is to adapt the BSCP scale to Turkish and to investigate its psychometric propertiesamong textile workers.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/cojnh/fulltext/COJNH.000508.php
COJ Nursing & Healthcare: Crimson Publishers
For more open access journals in Crimson Publishers
Please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com
For More Articles on COJ Nursing & Healthcare
Please click on: https://crimsonpublishers.com/cojnh/
ABSTRACT- This study determined the relationship between obesity parameters (Body Mass Index, Waist Hip Ratio,
Waist Thigh Ratio and Body Fat Percentage) and cardio respiratory fitness in terms of physical fitness index (PFI) and
also were compared the selected physiological parameters (resting pulse rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure) among
three body weight categories of selected boys. The present study was carried out in 233 healthy school going Bengali boys
aged 11 to <13><0.05)>< 0.001) and negative correlation with physical
fitness index (PFI). However, multiple regression analysis found that only body mass index and waist hip circumference
(WHR) were independently and significantly associated with the physical fitness index (PFI). The present study reveals
that higher values of BMI, body fat% and WHR may be responsible for lower score of PFI which indicates low
cardiorespiratory fitness in Bengali overweight and obese children.
Key-words- Obesity, BMI, WHR, PFI, Cardiorespiratory fitness, Boys
Psychological Effects of Labor Gymnastics Program in Office Workers by Maria Luana Reis Santos, Martha Maria Viana de Bragança, Ricardo Fontes Macêdo*, Robelus De Bortoli, Wendel de Oliveira Mota Ribeiro, Camila Souza Vieira and Manuella de Oliveira Mota Fernandes in Research & Investigations in Sports Medicine: Crimson Publishers¬_ Science and Medicine
There are times that industries seek alternatives to improve the productivity of your employees. With the advancement of technology, entrepreneurs needed to do scales of its employees in large quantity so that there was financial return for your business. With this practice, the staff began to show some lesions not detected as diseases. The objective of this study is to assess the psychological effects of Labor Gymnastics in office workers Aracaju, practitioners and non-practitioners. This study presents characteristics of a cross-sectional study. The population of this research consists of individual office workers Aracaju, SE. The sample will consist of 15 individuals, of both sexes, all workers in a national office telecommunication, with a regional unit in Aracaju, SE. Will use the STAI questionnaire (Inventory of state-trait anxiety), developed by Spilberger et al. in 1966.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/rism/fulltext/RISM.000517.php
For more open access journals in Crimson Publishers
please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com
For More Articles on Science and Medicine
Please click on: https://crimsonpublishers.com/rism
Objective: The Functional Movement Screening (FMS) measures the range of motion, balance, and stability in different situations.So performing exercises that increase the (FMS) scores may be helpful in reducing the number of exercise injuries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess does TRX training reduce injury rates in futsal athletes, as measured by the Functional Movement Screening Test?
Methods: Twenty-four futsal players (CON mean age: 22.40 ± 1.24 years and INT Mean age: 2.44 ± 21.80 years, age range: 18-28) were randomly assigned to a CON (n = 12) or an INT (n = 12) group. The intervention group carried out three times a week over six weeks during the same period, the control group continued its routine training that includes futsal specialist training and Tactical training. Both groups performed functional movement screening before and after the exercise program. Paired t test was used to analyze the data via SPSS software at the significance level of P < 0.050.
Comparative study of sympathetic cardiovascular parameters in overweight, nor...IOSR Journals
This study was undertaken to investigate and compare the sympathetic cardio vascular parameters in age matched overweight, underweight and normal weight school going boys in southern Odisha. 75 Boys between age group of 12-16 were subjected to study out of which 25 were overweight (BMI>25), next 25 were underweight(BMI<18.5),rest 25 were control group having normal BMI. Cold pressure test and hand grip dynamometer test were performed and blood pressure was measured during and after the tests as measures of cardiovascular parameter. Baseline SBP and MAP were significantly higher in overweight boys & lower in underweight boys. Maximum rise of SBP, DBP & MAP during hand grip dynamometer test were significantly higher in overweight boys & lower in underweight boys. Increase in SBP & MAP from their basal value during cold pressure test were significantly lower in overweight boys & higher in underweight boys. Thus it is concluded that both overweight & underweight boys have derangement of sympathetic cardiovascular function. SBP- Systolic blood pressure, DBP- Diastolic blood pressure , MAP- Mean arterial pressure
BPOs (Business Process Outsourcing) are typically categorized
into back office outsourcing or non-voice sector and front office
outsourcing or voice based sector. While the non-voice process
includes data encoding, database development, market research,handling of credit billing problems, loan processing, account management etc, the voice sector is oft en interchangeably referred to as the ‘Call Centre industry’ because the service entails interactive communication with the client or customers over the telephone.
Designing and Psychometric Evaluation of Stretching Exercise Influencing Scal...Health Educators Inc
Objective: The Lack of reliable and valid tools for assessing the influencing factors which influence on stretching exercises among Iranian office employees is obvious. This study aimed to design and evaluate psychometric properties of this instrument.
Design: Cross-sectional study- Psychometric properties
Setting: Data were gathered from May to September 2017.
Participants: Participants were 420 office employees who were working in 10 health centres affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBUMS) in Tehran, Iran. Primary outcome measures: The instrument was designed on the basis of the constructs of the Health Promotion Model (HPM) and extant literature. Exploratory Factor Analysis, Cronbach’s alpha and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were employed to check the scale’s psychometric properties.
Results: In total, 420 questionnaires were completed. The mean age of the office employees was 37.1±8.03 years. Among the 86 items, 77 items had significant item-to-total correlations (P <0.05). The results showed good internal consistency and reliability for the whole questionnaire and each domain.EFA results confirmed 53.32% of the total variance of the items yielded in eleven subscales. The (ICC) was acceptable [0.78, 95% CI (0.70, 0.88)].
Conclusions: The SEIS can be a reliable and valid instrument for measuring the influencing factors on stretching exercise among office employees.
A Persuasive mHealth Behavioral Change Intervention for Promoting Physical Ac...Sanaul Haque
Background: Employees in an office setting are more likely to remain physically inactive. Physical inactivity has become one of the major barriers to overcoming the risk factors for anxiety, depression, coronary heart disease, certain cancers, and type 2
diabetes. Currently, there is a gap in mobile health (mHealth) apps to promote physical activity (PA) for workers in the workplace. Studies on behavior change theories have concluded that health apps generally lack the use of theoretical constructs.
Objective: The objective of this study was to study the feasibility of a persuasive app aimed at encouraging PA among employees and to understand the motivational aspects behind the implementation of mHealth apps among office workers.
Methods: A 4-week study using a mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) design was conducted with office-based employees in cities in 4 countries: Oulu, Finland; Carlow, Ireland; London, United Kingdom; and Dhaka, Bangladesh. Of the 220 invited participants (experimental group, n=115; control group, n=105), 84 participated (experimental group, n=56; control group, n=28), consisting of working-age volunteers working in an office setting. Participants used 2 different interventions: The experimental group used an mHealth app for PA motivation, and the control group used a paper diary. The purpose was to motivate employees to engage in healthier behavior regarding the promotion of PA in the workplace. A user-centered design process was followed to design, develop, and evaluate the mHealth app, incorporating self-determination theory (SDT) and using game elements. The paper diary had no specific theory-driven approach, design technique, nor game elements.
Results: Compliance with app usage remained relatively low, with 27 participants (experimental group, n=20; control group,
n=7) completing the study. The results support the original hypothesis that the mHealth app would help increase PA (ie, promoting daily walking in the workplace) in comparison to a paper diary (P=.033). The mHealth app supported 2 of the basic SDT psychological needs, namely autonomy (P=.004) and competence (P=.014), but not the needs of relatedness (P=.535).
Conclusions: The SDT-based mHealth application motivated employees to increase their PA in the workplace. However,
compliance with app usage remained low. Future research should further develop the app based on user feedback and test it in a larger sample.
Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Brief Scales for Copin...Crimsonpublisherscojnh
Background: Work related stress is very important issue among workers. It causes many different health problems. Coping strategies are key factors for dealing with and controlling job stress. The Brief Stress Coping Profile (BSCP) is documented to assess coping profiles of workers.
Purpose: The aim of this study is to adapt the BSCP scale to Turkish and to investigate its psychometric propertiesamong textile workers.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/cojnh/fulltext/COJNH.000508.php
COJ Nursing & Healthcare: Crimson Publishers
For more open access journals in Crimson Publishers
Please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com
For More Articles on COJ Nursing & Healthcare
Please click on: https://crimsonpublishers.com/cojnh/
ABSTRACT- This study determined the relationship between obesity parameters (Body Mass Index, Waist Hip Ratio,
Waist Thigh Ratio and Body Fat Percentage) and cardio respiratory fitness in terms of physical fitness index (PFI) and
also were compared the selected physiological parameters (resting pulse rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure) among
three body weight categories of selected boys. The present study was carried out in 233 healthy school going Bengali boys
aged 11 to <13><0.05)>< 0.001) and negative correlation with physical
fitness index (PFI). However, multiple regression analysis found that only body mass index and waist hip circumference
(WHR) were independently and significantly associated with the physical fitness index (PFI). The present study reveals
that higher values of BMI, body fat% and WHR may be responsible for lower score of PFI which indicates low
cardiorespiratory fitness in Bengali overweight and obese children.
Key-words- Obesity, BMI, WHR, PFI, Cardiorespiratory fitness, Boys
Psychological Effects of Labor Gymnastics Program in Office Workers by Maria Luana Reis Santos, Martha Maria Viana de Bragança, Ricardo Fontes Macêdo*, Robelus De Bortoli, Wendel de Oliveira Mota Ribeiro, Camila Souza Vieira and Manuella de Oliveira Mota Fernandes in Research & Investigations in Sports Medicine: Crimson Publishers¬_ Science and Medicine
There are times that industries seek alternatives to improve the productivity of your employees. With the advancement of technology, entrepreneurs needed to do scales of its employees in large quantity so that there was financial return for your business. With this practice, the staff began to show some lesions not detected as diseases. The objective of this study is to assess the psychological effects of Labor Gymnastics in office workers Aracaju, practitioners and non-practitioners. This study presents characteristics of a cross-sectional study. The population of this research consists of individual office workers Aracaju, SE. The sample will consist of 15 individuals, of both sexes, all workers in a national office telecommunication, with a regional unit in Aracaju, SE. Will use the STAI questionnaire (Inventory of state-trait anxiety), developed by Spilberger et al. in 1966.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/rism/fulltext/RISM.000517.php
For more open access journals in Crimson Publishers
please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com
For More Articles on Science and Medicine
Please click on: https://crimsonpublishers.com/rism
Objective: The Functional Movement Screening (FMS) measures the range of motion, balance, and stability in different situations.So performing exercises that increase the (FMS) scores may be helpful in reducing the number of exercise injuries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess does TRX training reduce injury rates in futsal athletes, as measured by the Functional Movement Screening Test?
Methods: Twenty-four futsal players (CON mean age: 22.40 ± 1.24 years and INT Mean age: 2.44 ± 21.80 years, age range: 18-28) were randomly assigned to a CON (n = 12) or an INT (n = 12) group. The intervention group carried out three times a week over six weeks during the same period, the control group continued its routine training that includes futsal specialist training and Tactical training. Both groups performed functional movement screening before and after the exercise program. Paired t test was used to analyze the data via SPSS software at the significance level of P < 0.050.
Comparative study of sympathetic cardiovascular parameters in overweight, nor...IOSR Journals
This study was undertaken to investigate and compare the sympathetic cardio vascular parameters in age matched overweight, underweight and normal weight school going boys in southern Odisha. 75 Boys between age group of 12-16 were subjected to study out of which 25 were overweight (BMI>25), next 25 were underweight(BMI<18.5),rest 25 were control group having normal BMI. Cold pressure test and hand grip dynamometer test were performed and blood pressure was measured during and after the tests as measures of cardiovascular parameter. Baseline SBP and MAP were significantly higher in overweight boys & lower in underweight boys. Maximum rise of SBP, DBP & MAP during hand grip dynamometer test were significantly higher in overweight boys & lower in underweight boys. Increase in SBP & MAP from their basal value during cold pressure test were significantly lower in overweight boys & higher in underweight boys. Thus it is concluded that both overweight & underweight boys have derangement of sympathetic cardiovascular function. SBP- Systolic blood pressure, DBP- Diastolic blood pressure , MAP- Mean arterial pressure
BPOs (Business Process Outsourcing) are typically categorized
into back office outsourcing or non-voice sector and front office
outsourcing or voice based sector. While the non-voice process
includes data encoding, database development, market research,handling of credit billing problems, loan processing, account management etc, the voice sector is oft en interchangeably referred to as the ‘Call Centre industry’ because the service entails interactive communication with the client or customers over the telephone.
Designing and Psychometric Evaluation of Stretching Exercise Influencing Scal...Health Educators Inc
Objective: The Lack of reliable and valid tools for assessing the influencing factors which influence on stretching exercises among Iranian office employees is obvious. This study aimed to design and evaluate psychometric properties of this instrument.
Design: Cross-sectional study- Psychometric properties
Setting: Data were gathered from May to September 2017.
Participants: Participants were 420 office employees who were working in 10 health centres affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBUMS) in Tehran, Iran. Primary outcome measures: The instrument was designed on the basis of the constructs of the Health Promotion Model (HPM) and extant literature. Exploratory Factor Analysis, Cronbach’s alpha and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were employed to check the scale’s psychometric properties.
Results: In total, 420 questionnaires were completed. The mean age of the office employees was 37.1±8.03 years. Among the 86 items, 77 items had significant item-to-total correlations (P <0.05). The results showed good internal consistency and reliability for the whole questionnaire and each domain.EFA results confirmed 53.32% of the total variance of the items yielded in eleven subscales. The (ICC) was acceptable [0.78, 95% CI (0.70, 0.88)].
Conclusions: The SEIS can be a reliable and valid instrument for measuring the influencing factors on stretching exercise among office employees.
A STUDY ON TRAINING AND THE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS AMONG THE MEDICAL AND THE AD...IAEME Publication
Basically, training and development were not seen as activities can help companies successfully create value and deal with competitiveness Advantage. Today that view has changed training for staff is being added value for organizations today. In this study researcher examine the impact of the components of training programs on the effectiveness of training programs and try to identify the discriminant aspects of the training and the development programs among the medical and the administrative staff in hospitals. The survey was taken in Tiruchirappalli district with 400 samples. Questionnaire was designed in five parts and circulated manually among respondents. Reliability and validity were analyzed through pilot study and the results were given.
Assessment of healthcare providers’ collaboration at governmental hospitalsiyad shaqura
This is the presentation of master thesis in public health which was about the assessment of healthcare providers collaboration at governmental hospitals in Gaza Governorates in Palestine.
Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) are one of the most common occupational diseases of offi ce workers. The aim of this study is investigating the prevalence of these disorders, de termining the risk factors of occupational diseases and providing control strategies. The aim of this study is evaluating the prevalence of these symptoms among oil refi nery staff. The studies conducted 200 administrative staff, 150 were male and 50 were female. It was observed that most musculoskeletal symptoms were in the neck (50%), knee (42.5%), shoulders (38.5%), the hip (10%) and lower arm (8.5%). To investigate the risk factors of musculoskeletal symptoms, we use the new methods of RULA and REBA so that we can take the necessary action to reduce the musculoskeletal symptoms and prevent
potential dangers.
Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) are one of the most common occupational diseases of offi ce workers. The aim of this study is investigating the prevalence of these disorders, determining the risk factors of occupational diseases and providing control strategies. The aim of this study is evaluating the prevalence of these symptoms among oil refinery staff. The studies conducted 200 administrative staff, 150 were male and 50 were female. It was observed that most musculoskeletal symptoms were in the neck (50%),knee (42.5%), shoulders (38.5%), the hip (10%) and lower arm (8.5%). To investigate the risk factors of musculoskeletal symptoms, we use the new methods of RULA and REBA so that we can take the necessary action to reduce the musculoskeletal symptoms and prevent potential dangers.
Practitioner Summary: This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among one company of Iran’s oil refineries staff. Basically, because refinery workers need to do a lot of technical and physical work, therefore they have many musculoskeletal disorders. This study suggests that, with these disorders, there should be some necessary measures.
BioMed CentralHealth Research Policy and SystemsssOp.docxmoirarandell
BioMed Central
Health Research Policy and Systems
ss
Open AcceResearch
Human resource management interventions to improve health
workers' performance in low and middle income countries: a realist
review
Marjolein Dieleman*1, Barend Gerretsen1 and Gert Jan van der Wilt2
Address: 1KIT Development, Policy and Practice, Royal Tropical Institute, PO Box 95001, 1090 HA Amsterdam, the Netherlands and 2Health
Technology Assessment, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and HTA, PO Box 9101,
6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
Email: Marjolein Dieleman* - [email protected]; Barend Gerretsen - [email protected]; Gert Jan van der Wilt - [email protected]
* Corresponding author
Abstract
Background: Improving health workers' performance is vital for achieving the Millennium Development
Goals. In the literature on human resource management (HRM) interventions to improve health workers'
performance in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC), hardly any attention has been paid to the
question how HRM interventions might bring about outcomes and in which contexts. Such information is,
however, critical to assess the transferability of results. Our aim was to explore if realist review of
published primary research provides better insight into the functioning of HRM interventions in LMIC.
Methodology: A realist review not only asks whether an intervention has shown to be effective, but also
through which mechanisms an intervention produces outcomes and which contextual factors appear to
be of critical influence. Forty-eight published studies were reviewed.
Results: The results show that HRM interventions can improve health workers' performance, but that
different contexts produce different outcomes. Critical implementation aspects were involvement of local
authorities, communities and management; adaptation to the local situation; and active involvement of
local staff to identify and implement solutions to problems. Mechanisms that triggered change were
increased knowledge and skills, feeling obliged to change and health workers' motivation. Mechanisms to
contribute to motivation were health workers' awareness of local problems and staff empowerment,
gaining acceptance of new information and creating a sense of belonging and respect. In addition, staff was
motivated by visible improvements in quality of care and salary supplements. Only a limited variety of HRM
interventions have been evaluated in the health sector in LMIC. Assumptions underlying HRM
interventions are usually not made explicit, hampering our understanding of how HRM interventions work.
Conclusion: Application of a realist perspective allows identifying which HRM interventions might
improve performance, under which circumstances, and for which groups of health workers. To be better
able to contribute to an understanding of how HRM interventions could improve health workers'
performance, a combination of qualitative and quantitative res.
Implementing SBAR
Student's Name
Institutional Affiliation
Course Details
Instructor's Name
Date
Implementing SBAR
SBAR communication tool is an effective and simple communication method that works across all the healthcare disciplines to create a safer working environment. Müller et al. (2018) reveal that using SBAR enhances efficacy, accuracy, and efficiency of handoff reports which boosts patient safety by improving communication and encouraging patient involvement Ineffective, absent, or inadequate communication leading to patient safety concerns has become a big problem in many care facilities, including where I work. According to Herawati et al. (2018), poor patient handoff communication from caregivers reduces patient safety. Regardless of the technological advancements, interdisciplinary care providers in many care facilities still do not communicate effectively, threatening patient's safety.
The use of written handoff using SBAR was implemented two years ago in the hospital I work. The handoff is easily accessible by all interdisciplinary team directly working with the patient and this is also used as a communication tool when giving report. According to Uhm et al. (2019), implementing a well-developed SBAR program of communication grounded on learning theory improves nurses' communication skills and boosts their confidence during patient handover. All the team member in the hospital identified the implementation of SBAR (Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation) as a solution for the persisting communication problem among caregivers, especially during patient handoffs within the hospital. The use of SBAR as a communication tool has been highly effective, reading the SBAR handoff note only allows you to know a lot about the patient situation and history. Implementing the evidence-based intervention is timely and in line with the organization's policies that prioritize patient safety and high-quality care delivery. Standardized processes, including SBAR, have effectively eradicated missing care information incidents and promoted information sharing among healthcare professionals. Studies have established poor communication during patient handoffs as the main cause of misguided actions, lost information, and misinterpretation of critical care information (Uhm et al., 2019). I will desceibe the steps of implementing evidenced practice at my working according to the discussion I had with my manager.
The model for improvement is a four steps approach that guides the effective implementation of SBAR to solve communication problems among caregivers. Planning is the first model's step to implementing the SBAR practice. This phase involves visible and strong leadership from the hospital's senior managers and clinical champions to gather enough support for the practice change (Müller et al., 2018). At this phase, the team should decide where to start the SBAR test by thinking about the area with substantia ...
Unit III Annotated BibliographyUsing the CSU Online Library, cho.docxmarilucorr
Unit III Annotated Bibliography
Using the CSU Online Library, choose at least five articles—two of which must be professional, peer-reviewed journal articles—on the effects of accidents on individuals and the importance of safety and health training (including refresher training). After a careful review of these articles, write an annotated bibliography in proper APA format. The annotated bibliography must be around three pages in length.
The CSU Success Center offers a great resource regarding annotated bibliographies. The webinar below is designed to walk you through the process of creating an annotated bibliography. Topics covered will include selecting proper sources, highlighting key points, and summarizing contents of the source.
Annotated Bibliographies:
https://columbiasouthern.adobeconnect.com/_a1174888831/annotatedbib/
Information about accessing the grading rubric for this assignment is provided below.
Relative Effectiveness of Worker Safety and
Health Training Methods
Michael J. Burke, PhD, Sue Ann Sarpy, PhD, Kristin Smith-Crowe, PhD, Suzanne Chan-Serafin, BA, Rommei 0. Salvador, iVIBA, and Gazi Islam, BA
An understanding of how best to implement
worker safety and health training is a critical
public need in light of the tragic events of
September 11, 2001, as well as ongoing ef-
forts to prepare emergency responders and
professionals in related areas to do their jobs
safely and effectively.' The need to gain a
better understanding of the effectiveness of
safety and health training is also apparent in
a broader context given that millions of in-
juries and illnesses are reported annually in
private industry workplaces,^ and health and
safety training is globally recognized as 1
means of reducing the costs assodated with
such events."* Indeed, researchers from differ-
ent fields, including business, psychology, en-
gineering, and public health, have long recog-
nized the need for comprehensive, systematic
evaluations of safety and health training to
address these types of critical public- and
private-sector concerns.''"^
The conclusion from several narrative re-
views has been that most training interven-
tions lead to positive effects on safety knowl-
edge, adoption of safe work behaviors and
practices, and safety and health outcomes.̂ '*'̂
However, these qucditative reviews are specu-
lative as to the specific factors that enhance
the relative effectiveness of safety and health
trsiining interventions in reducing or prevent-
ing worker injury or illness.'°~'^ Notably, a
fundamental question remains unresolved
within the scientific literature: What is the
relative effectiveness of different methods of
safety and health tniining in modifying safety-
related knowledge, behavior, and outcomes?
Attempts to address similar broad-based
questions related to the benefits of work-
related health and safety interventions'^ have
revealed the need for a large-scale, quantita-
tive analysis of the extant literature. Results
from such a ...
Abstract— If job satisfaction is there in employees, work done by these employees is usually of better quality in comparison where the employees are not satisfied with their jobe. So this study to assess job satisfaction and influence of demographic variables on job satisfaction, this study was carried out on 105 doctors of teaching hospitals. Questionnaire method of data collection was adopted. Job satisfaction was measured by six domains: Organizational functioning, Interpersonal relationship, Financial incentives, Non-financial incentives, Physical facilities and Working conditions. Study observed that over all, doctors were moderately satisfied with their job. Domains such as Interpersonal relationship and Working conditions, doctors were highly satisfied, whereas rest of the domains: Organizational functioning, Financial incentives, Non-financial incentives, and Physical facilities doctors were moderately satisfied. It is important to note that even though overall satisfaction is moderate, there were few components, where doctors were highly satisfied were - Communication system between patients and doctors, Involvement in decision making in the department, Rules and regulations of the institution, relationship between the department colleagues and other department colleagues, Provision for leave encashment, reward given for research work, workload of clinical aspect and workload of teaching aspect. Age and sex both shown significant association on level of satisfaction where as experience, designation and marital status of the doctors have not shown significant association.
Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Office Workers in Shahid Behesh...Health Educators Inc
Background: Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSD) is one of most prevalent health
problems among individuals with limited physical activity. This study aimed to assess this problem
among office workers in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran.
Methods and Material: Totally, 42 eligible office workers from three health centers related to
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBUMS) between May, 2016-September, 2016
were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Of all these individuals, 420 office workers (response
rate 99.2%) were satisfied to participate in this study. In Standard Nordic questionnaire were used to
collect data. Collected data were entered into SPSS 16 and analyzed through descriptive and
analytical tests.
Results: Totally, 420 office workers with a mean age of 37.1 ± 8.03 were examined in this study. The
most prevalent WMSPD was lower back pain (N = 56, 13.3%) followed by neck pain (N = 46, 11.0%),
wrist pain (N = 43, 10.2%), hip pain (N = 6, 1.4%) and pain in heel of foot (N = 17, 4%). The variables
such as age (χ2 = 24.99: P = 0.003); gender (χ2 = 0.544; P = 0.028); employment status (χ2 = 9.837: P =
0.007); duration of pain (χ2 = 1.55l P = 0.001) and duration of treatment (χ2 = 1.006; P=0.001) were
significantly related to WMSD.
Conclusions: Since the WMSD are prevalent among office workers of SBUMS, designing proper
interventional studies are recommended. However, doing more researches to confirm the results of this
study is guaranteed.
Application of the Protection Motivation Theory in Predicting Preventive Beh...Health Educators Inc
Aim: Decades named preventing injuries decade. The most sensitive and vulnerable
persons against diseases and accident, especially accidental falls are children. This study
aimed to determine the application of the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) in
predicting preventive behaviors from children's accidental falls (AFs) in mothers with
children less than 3 years old referred to the health centers of Mashhad City.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 140 mothers who were selected from the
health centers of Mashhad City according to the inclusion criteria of the study and by
cluster and systematic sampling. The instruments for data collection were valid and reliable
questionnaires of demographic information, a self-administered questionnaire that is
assumed to examine the structures of PMT and preventive behaviors from CAFs and were
analyzed with SPSS 20. Pearson & Spearman, one way ANOVA correlation coefficient and
linear regression were applied together to analyze the data.
Findings: The mean age of the subjects was 27.42+5.07 years. The results also showed that
there were statistically significant relationships between the perceived susceptibility and
protection motivation and preventive behaviors from CAFs (P<0.001). Based on regression
analysis, preventive behaviors from CAFs using the structures of protection motivation was
generally 66%.
Conclusion: The results showed that the mother‟s sensitivity and knowledge about
preventive behaviors from CAFs were low. The findings of this study can be useful for
designing educational interventions for prevention of CAFs by health authorities.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
15
1. J Liaquat Uni Med Health Sci APRIL-JUNE 2019; Vol 18: No. 02 152
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determinant the influencing factors on Stretching Exercise (SE) among office
employees working in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBUMS) in Iran through Health
Promotion Model (HPM) with added constructs.
METHODOLOGY: Data were collected by a researcher-made and standard questionnaires based on HPM
and added constructs of self-regulation, counter-conditioning, and stimulus control questionnaire
regarding stretching exercise behavior among office employees working in comprehensive service
centers affiliated to SBUMS. A multistage cluster sampling from May to Sep 2017 was done. To
determinants the factors which effect on doing stretching exercise behavior; regression analysis was
done through using SPSS 19 software.
RESULTS: Totally 420 office employees with mean age of 37.1±8.03 years participated in this study.
Perceived barriers to action (B =-0.106, P<0.001), could prevent the studied participants from engaging
in SE. However, perceived self efficacy (B = 0.172, P < 0.001), commitment to a plan of action (B = 0.173,
P=0.016), interpersonal influences (B = 0.099, P=0.003), and stimulus control (B = 0.193, P=0.007) were
significant determinants for SE behavior.
CONCLUSION: This study showed that the office employees who were more perceived self efficacy,
commitment to a plan of action, interpersonal influences, stimulus control and less perceived barriers
were more likely to perform stretching exercise.
KEYWORDS: Health Promotion Model, Stretching Exercises, Employee.
INTRODUCTION
Performing stretching exercises (SE) can reduce
discomfort and pain and also increase the range of
motion1
consequently could reduce chronic
musculoskeletal pain2
. Specialists recommend that
multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation and
physical exercise are a crucial component of pain3
Despite the fact that exercise programs have been
proven to benefit people with pain4-5
. Physical
inactivity in adults is highest in the eastern
Mediterranean countries as well as Iran. Stretching
exercise in adults protects against loss of mobility and
will increase practical independence through
increasing muscle mass, expanded bone density, and
cardiovascular health6
.
Sedentary behavior displays an inverse dose-reaction
courting between sitting time and mortality, unbiased
of the SE. The office employers, who work in Iranian
universities, take a seat at their desk without engaging
in stretching exercise for a long time7
. Consequently,
to determinant the factors influencing stretching
exercise behavior, it is essential to many researchers
and professionals who're engaged with designing
proper educational interventions to elevate SE
behavior amongst employers 8
.
The other constructs added of Pender's health
Promotion model have been tested and diagnosed as
the crucial determiners of the stretching exercise. The
effective factors on the stretching among Iranian
workplace operating have now not been diagnosed
absolutely. Health promotion model (HPM) is one of
comprehensive models by using which health
behavior predictor factors like perceived barrier/
perceived benefit/ perceived self-efficacy and others
could be determined9
.
Therefore, it is necessary to search for opportunity
models of health education delivery that could higher
meet people preferences, and enhance or promote
exercise behavior compliance10
therefore, the worksite
health education programs could help office
employees to enhance healthy behavior. In studies,
the effects of substitution process modification,
counter conditioning, self-regulation, and stimulus
control, immediate competing demands and
preferences were effective on exercising behavior11-13
Determinants of Stretching Exercise Behavior among Office
Employees using Health Promotion Model with Added Constructs
Mohammad Hossein Delshad, Sedigheh Sadat Tavafian, Anoshirvan Kazemnejad
Original Article
This article may be cited as: Mohammad Hossein Delshad, Sedigheh Sadat Tavafian, Anoshirvan Kazemnejad.
Determinants of Stretching Exercise Behavior among Office Employees using
Health Promotion Model with Added Constructs. J Liaquat Uni Med Health Sci.
2019;18(02):152-9. doi: 10.22442/jlumhs.191820619
2. J Liaquat Uni Med Health Sci APRIL-JUNE 2019; Vol 18: No. 02
For example, the most effective way to launch or start
a behavior is to re-engineer control of the environment
with help of stimulus controls14
.They need also be
regulated to avoid immediate competing demands and
preferences. Moreover, stimulus control can manage
the ability to behave and increase resistance in
performing inappropriate behavior15
.
Self-regulation is an effective factor because of setting
goals and creating a program of forced and forced to
identify the mechanisms and self-motivation, but a
persistent and continuous challenge to the behavior is
that sustaining behavior change is not easy. But by
planning self-regulation, the behavior becomes easier.
So, an individual attempting to change his behavior
moves through a continuum of the program of
forced16
. These model structures were located in
(Figure I).
Earlier to designing the programs based on constructs
added to HPM, the efficacy of this model on stretching
exercise behavior and predicted powerful factors have
to be taken into consideration. Thus this study aimed
to determinant the influencing factors on stretching
exercise (SE) among office employees working in
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
(SBUMS) in Iran through Health Promotion Model
(HPM) with added constructs.
METHODOLOGY
This cross-sectional study was performed among
office employees of Shahid Beheshti University of
Medical Sciences (SBUMS) located in Tehran, Iran
from May 2017 to September 2017. Ethics committee
of Tarbiat Modares University (TMU) confirmed the
ethics principals (IR.TMU.REC.1395.329). To ensure
confidentiality, office employees were asked not to
provide their names in the questionnaires. All
participants voluntarily signed the written consent form
to be studied.
In this study 430 office employees who were working
in three health networks of North, East and
Shemiranat region affiliated to SBUMS and were
satisfied to be studied and were recruited. The
population, from which the study sample was
selected, received their health services from urban
health centers covered by the above health networks.
Multi stage cluster sampling was applied to select the
potential participants. In the first stage, the health
networks of SBUMS were selected randomly from the
ten health networks. Then, three health networks were
selected randomly from the eight health centers in the
health Networks. The sample size turned into
estimated on the basis of 5 office employers for any
item17. Therefore for a 77 item questionnaire a
sample size of (77 × 5) 385 were calculated.
In this cross-sectional study, the demographic
characteristics questionnaire, self-reported
questionnaires based on HPM with added constructs
and a questionnaire regarding stretching exercise
behaviors were used. According to the questionnaire
of stretching exercise behaviors, participants were
asked one question about performing due exercises
like if they performed enough stretching exercise for
an specific muscle such as neck stretching, shoulder
stretching, and back extension exercises.
Enough stretched position time for each muscle was
up to10 to 30 seconds to be repeated 3 or 4 time, five
days/week once every 20 minutes1,18. The answer
for this question was a 2 option scale of Yes or No.
This study was designed based on HPM constructs in
previous study19. The questionnaires regarding the
other structures was made by the researchers,
respectively based on the context of social cognitive
theory and trans theoretical model constructs as self
regulation, counter-conditioning, and stimulus control),
and existed literature regarding stretching exercise
and interview with key persons.
The facial validity of the questionnaire was done
through qualitative and quantities’ approaches. For
qualitative approach, 15 office employees assessed
each item for “ambiguity” relevancy”, and “difficulty by
which three items needed to be corrected.
In the quantitative method, the identical office
employees have been asked to evaluate the
questionnaire regarding the significance of every item
on a five-point liker scale so one can calculate the
impact score for each item. It was calculated as
multiplying the significance of an item with its
frequency (Impact Score = Frequency (%) ×
Importance). All items were retained and identified as
appropriate for subsequent analysis20.
The content validity of the questionnaires was
confirmed by the experts' panel. These experts were
15 specialists, the specialist's panel reviewed all of the
items and supplied their consultants with a
questionnaire and evaluated the questionnaire. In this
technique, nine questions from 86 questions reached
the most settlement of professionals on "essential."
These items were deleted. As an end result,
seventy-seven items remained. Its reliability of the
questionnaire was done by usage of Cronbach's alpha
coefficient20. The Cranach alpha ranges for HPM with
added constructs were from 0.73 to 0.91, which
confirmed the reliability of the structure.
The questions based on HPM with added constructs
included the following sections. Perceived benefit of
stretching exercise was assessed through an
eight-item questionnaire. One of the questions was as
“When I stretch my muscle, I feel better. Answers to
the questions of this construct were evaluated in a
3-option scale from never to always. The rate for each
Determinants of Stretching Exercise Behavior
153
3. J Liaquat Uni Med Health Sci APRIL-JUNE 2019; Vol 18: No. 02
statement was in a range of 1 to 3. Therefore the total
score for this questionnaire is from 8 to 24 points and
the higher score shows better status.
Perceived barriers towards engaging in stretching
exercise were evaluated through a nine-item
questionnaire. One of the questions here was a:
“Engaging in stretching exercise is a time-consuming
behavior for me”. Answers for this questionnaire were
evaluated in a 4 option scale from never to always.
The rate for each statement was in a range of 1 to
four. Therefore the total score criterion was from 9 to
36 points and the higher score showed the worse
position.
Perceived self-efficacy was assessed using a
seven-item questionnaire. One of the items was as "I
do stretching exercise regardless of my situation”.
Answers for this questionnaire were evaluated in a 4
option scale from never to always. Therefore the rate
for each statement was in a range of 1 to 4 and the
total score criterion was from 7 to 28 points, and the
higher score showed better status.
Activity-related affect to passion was assessed with a
seven-item questionnaire. One of these questions was
as “Engaging in stretching exercise is enjoyable for
me”. The rate for each statement was evaluated
through 3-option scale from never to always in a range
of 1 to 3. Therefore, the total score was from 7 to 21
points and the higher score showed better status.
Interpersonal influence was assessed using 5 item
questionnaire. One of the questions was like: "How
often the other computer operators or your co-workers
expect you to do the stretching exercise”. This
question evaluated through a 5 option scale like 1.
Never 2. Sometimes 3. Often 4. Very often 5. Always,
therefore the rate for this statement was from never to
always in a range of 1 to 5. The total score criterion
was from 5 to 25 points and the higher score showed
better status.
Situational influences were assessed using a
nine-item questionnaire. One of these questions was
“At my work engaging in stretching exercise is
recommended”. The rate for each statement was
evaluated through a 3 option scale from never to
always in a range of 1 to 4. The score criterion is from
9 to 36 points20.
Commitment to a plan of action was assessed using
an eight-item questionnaire. One of these questions
was as “For engaging in stretching exercise, I reward
myself”. These questions were answered through a 4
option scale from never to always in a range of 1 to 4.
Therefore, the total score was from 8 to 32 points, and
the higher score showed better status.
Immediate competing demands and preferences was
assessed using 7-item questionnaire. One of these
questions was “I enjoy engaging in stretching exercise
while working with computer”. Answers for these
questions were evaluated through 2 option scale with
a range of 1 to 2. The last question was measured
through 4 option scale. The total score criterion of the
questionnaire was from 7 to 16 points, and the higher
score showed better status. The maximum score was
16 because the last question was measured with a 4
option scale ranged from 1 to 4.
Self Regulation of stretching exercise was assessed
through a seven-item questionnaire. One of the
questions was as “When I consider a particular goal
for stretching, my motivation rises for doing it”.
Answers to the questions of this construct were
evaluated in a 5 option scale from never to always.
The rate for each statement was in a range of 1 to 5.
Therefore the total score for this questionnaire is from
7 to 35 points and the higher score shows better
status.
Stimulus control towards engaging in stretching
exercise was evaluated through a five-item
questionnaire. One of the questions here was a: “I
spend my rest time doing stretching exercises at
workplace”. Answers for this questionnaire were
evaluated in a 5 option scale from never to always.
The rate for each statement was in a range of 1 to
five. Therefore the total score criterion was from 5 to
25 points and the higher score showed the worse
position.
Counter conditioning was assessed using a 5 item
questionnaire. One of the items was as “Instead of
sitting at the computer desk and waiting for a tea, I
prefer to go and make tea myself.” Answers for this
questionnaire were evaluated in a 3 option scale from
never to always. Therefore the rate for each statement
was in a range of 1 to 3 and the total score criterion
was from 5 to 15 points, and the higher score showed
better status20.
The stretching exercise behavior checklist was
assessed using a 10 item questionnaire. Answers for
these questions were evaluated by a 3 option scale
with a range of 1 to 3. Therefore, the total score was
from 10 to 30 that the lower score was worse
behavior21
.
Three self-administered questionnaires regarding the
constructs of HPM, stretching exercise behavior and
self-regulation, counter conditioning, stimulus control
and demographic characteristics were designed to
collect due data.
Data were entered into the SPSS software version 19
and analyzed through regression analysis. P <0.05
was thought-out statistically substantial.
RESULTS
Totally 430 office employees recruited of which 420
individuals took part within the study and filled the
Mohammad Hossein Delshad, Sedigheh Sadat Tavafian, Anoshirvan Kazemnejad
154
4. J Liaquat Uni Med Health Sci APRIL-JUNE 2019; Vol 18: No. 02
query. 68.8% of samples were married. They worked
44 hours (±10.8) in a week. The body mass of half of
subjects (45.5%) was 150 or more. Based on the
findings of this study, less than half of those office
workers were classified as the active office workers.
Table I shows other socio-demographic characteristics
of the studied office employee. Table I shows the
demographic characteristics of the participants.
The status of ranges, mean and standard deviation of
the structures of the HPM with added constructs are
shown in (Table II). In the present study, the mean
scores of the commitment to plan, stimulus control
were almost half of the accessible range, also the
mean scores of the perceived benefits, perceived
barriers, perceived self-efficacy, activity-related affect,
interpersonal influences, immediate competing
demands and preferences, situational influences,
stretching exercise. Self-regulation and counter
conditioning were higher than half of the accessible
range.
Spearman's correlation tests were used to evaluate
the relevance among the constructs of HPM with
added constructs on stretching exercise behavior
which is shown in Table III. As this table shows, there
was an inverse significant correlation between
stretching exercise and perceived barriers to action; in
order that the office employees who perceived more
barriers for behavior were less likely to do engage
stretching exercise significantly (p-value < 0.001).
A logistic regression models for “Yes” and “No”
stretching exercise was done with linear regression
analysis shows in Table IV. Generally, the structures
predicted up to 56 % of the stretching exercise
behavior variance in which the regression analysis
suggested significant correlation of the prediction
ability of the suggested the nearly significant
correlation between the conditional effectors.
Regression analysis showed that the forecast of
self-efficacy, commitment to plan,
Perceived barriers (B = -0.106, P<0.001). Interper-
sonal influences and Stimulus control are significant
for stretching exercise behavior and situational
influences are nearly significant. Self-efficacy (B =
0.172, P < 0.001), commitment to plan (B = 0.173,
P=0.016), interpersonal influences (B = 0.099,
P=0.003), and stimulus control (B = 0.193, P=0.007)
were positive predictors for the stretching exercise
behavior. Immediate competing demands and
preferences (B = 0.017, P=0.741), self-regulation (B =
-0.003, P=0.933) and counter conditioning (B = 0.012,
P=0.841) were the negligible predictability in
stretching exercise (Table IV).
TABLE I: SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERIS-
TICS OF THE STUDIED OFFICE EMPLOYEE
TABLE II: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS FOR THE
HPM WITH ADDED CONSTRUCTS AND
STRETCHING EXERCISE
Determinants of Stretching Exercise Behavior
155
Studied variables
and Constructs
Sufficient N (%) Mean (SD)
Age
21-29
30-39
40 and
above
71(16.9)
184(438)
165(39.3)
37.1±8.03
Work experience
with computer (yrs)
≤5 years
5-10 years
11-15 years
16-20 years
≥20
220(52.4)
121(28.8)
55(13.1)
23(5.5)
1(0.2)
1.72±0.9
Gender
Male
female
113(26.9)
307(73.1)
-
Suffering from
WRMSD pain
Yes
No
154(36.6)
266(63.6)
-
Marital status
Single
Married
131(31.2)
289(68.8)
-
Address
City
Village
415(98.8)
5(1.2)
-
Classification
of Stretching
Exercise at the
beginning of the
study
Inactive
minimally
active
Active
229(54.6)
103(24.5)
88(21)
-
Range Observed Mean±SD
Description
Scale
Perceived benefits 17.90±5.05 8-24
Perceived barriers 20.31±6.03 9-36
Perceived Self efficacy 17.15±3.71 7-28
Activity-Related affect 16.27±2.45 7-21
Interpersonal influences 11.55±4.64 5-25
Commitment to plan 16.82±4.28 8-32
Immediate competing
demands and preferences
11.70±2.80 7-16
Situational influences 14.21±4.59 9-36
Stretching exercise (SE) 17.64±2.48 10-30
Self Regulation 19.71±4.98 7-35
Counter conditioning 12.41±2.53 5-15
Stimulus control 11.99±2.80 5-25
5. J Liaquat Uni Med Health Sci APRIL-JUNE 2019; Vol 18: No. 02
DISCUSSION
This study was done to show better understand why
adult individuals do not engage in stretching exercise.
The findings of this study showed that the Pender's
Health Promotion Model with added constructs could
effect on stretching exercise behavior as it was
shown in previous study22
. Based on the results of this
study, the structures of the HPM with added
constructs were 56% of the variance of stretching
exercise behavior compared to the Pender model
structures.
According to the results of this study, perceived self
efficacy, commitment to a plan of action, interpersonal
influences, and stimulus control were the influential
predictors of engaging in stretching exercise behavior
among office employees. The perceived barriers to
action could prevent the studied participants from
engaging in stretching exercise. The results of this
study repeat the results of the previous studies22-26
.
Mohammad Hossein Delshad, Sedigheh Sadat Tavafian, Anoshirvan Kazemnejad
156
TABLE III: CORRELATION MATRIX FOR STRUCTURES THE HPM WITH ADDED CONSTRUCTS AND
STRETCHING EXERCISE BEHAVIOR
Variable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 Perceived benefits of Action 1.000
2 Perceived barriers to action -.383**
1.000
3 Perceived Self efficacy .423**
-.660**
1.000
4 Activity-Related affect .371**
-.113*
.342**
1.000
5 Interpersonal influences .453**
-.585**
.583**
.282**
1.000
6 Commitment to plan of action .730**
-.509**
.709**
.510**
.627**
1.000
7
Immediate competing
demands and preferences
.050 -.040 .003 .021 .130**
.073 1.000
8 Situational influences .129**
-.008 .098*
.092 .145**
.197**
.065 1.000
9 Stretching Exercise .327**
-.523**
.581**
.208**
.540**
.558**
.076 .107*
1.000
10 Self Regulation .203**
-.118*
.195**
.242**
.227**
.331**
.261**
.505**
.212**
1.000
11 Counter conditioning .004 -.137**
.167**
.051 .082 .131**
.117*
.136**
.158**
.120*
1.000
12 Stimulus control .120*
-.026 .114*
.128**
.153**
.195**
.181**
.559**
.189**
.026 .137**
1.000
Spearman's**. Correlation is meaningful at 0.01 levels (2-sided). *. Correlation is meaningful at the 0.05 level (2-sided).
TABLE IV: REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF THE STRETCHING EXERCISE BEHAVIOR'S FACTORS BASED
ON THE HPM WITH ADDED CONSTRUCTS
Dependent Variable OR P-Valve S.E B Independent variable
Perceived benefits -0.031 0. 043 0.471 0.970
Perceived barriers -0.106 0.038 0.005 0.900
Perceived Self efficacy 0.172 0.061 0.004 1.188
Activity-Related affect -0.116 0.073 0.112 0.890
Interpersonal influences 0.099 0.046 0.003 1.104
Commitment to plan 0.173 0.072 0.016 1.188
Immediate competing demands and preferences 0.017 0.053 0.741 1.018
Situational influences -0.057 0.040 0.158 0.945
Counter conditioning -0.012 0.060 0.841 0.988
Stimulus control 0.193 0.076 0.007 1.213
Self Regulation -0.003 0.035 0.933 0.997
Stretching Exercise
(SE)
Cox & Snell R Square: .408, Nagelkerke R Square: .560, Percentage Correct: 64.0 percent
6. J Liaquat Uni Med Health Sci APRIL-JUNE 2019; Vol 18: No. 02
On the other hand, there was no clear relationship
between self-regulation and stretching exercise. In
Tobin D 201723
study, similarly, there was no
relationship between self-regulation and exercise. In
the Schöndube A 201624
study opposed this study
were associated with positive power level stimulus
control with exercise (P = 0.01). Furthermore, in the
previous study, there was no significant decrease in
perceived self-efficacy and perceived barriers25
.
It can be said that one of the roles of stimulus control
(The controlling of various stimuli which triggers
undesirable and unwanted behaviors). Consequently,
identifying and eliminating internal and external stimuli
that creates unhealthy habits, behavior, and on the
other hand, quick addition of healthy options, like
stretching exercise, to change our environment or the
benefit of the healthy environment with the self-help
group, avoidance, and environment re-engineer
strategy.
Interpersonal influences structure third top and the
most powerful in predicting structure exercise
behavior. On the other hand, family and friends are
supporting direct and positive forecast for physical
behavior and activity. While Chen Y 201726
showed
that family and friends support had lower effect on
physical predictions preventing the activity of watching
television. Mayer JD 201727
suggested that emotional
support is an important factor in the promotion of
physical activity among people. It was suggested that
office employers get support from their coworkers in
order to persuade the coworkers to participate in
stretching exercise.
The current study showed the application of HPM with
added constructs for further studies. In this regard,
HPM with added constructs should be improved more
for office employee’s perceived self-efficacy,
perceived barriers and commitment to plan of action
as well as interpersonal influences and stimulus
control.
CONCLUSION
Findings of this study provided this fact that perceived
barrier by the office employees may prevent them
from engaging in stretching exercise while being
commitment to plan action or interpersonal influences
or stimulus control cause engaging in the exercises.
Therefore, it could be suggested that the proper
intervention based on these predictors should be
designed to motivate the office employees to do the
exercises. Using HPM with added constructs is more
effective than the original HPM model. However,
doing more studies to ensure these results are
recommended.
Limitations
There are some limitations to this study. First, the data
were collected via self-report that would intervene with
the outcomes of this study. Moreover, the office
employees were selected from one university.
However, regardless of the restrictions described
above, this study showed HPM as a theoretical
framework to predict stretching exercise in office
employees in Iran.
Ethical Permission: Ethics committee of Tarbiat
Modares University (TMU) confirmed the ethics princi-
pals (IR.TMU.REC.1395.329) dated: 03-05-2016.
Conflict of interest: There was no any conflict of
interest.
Funding: University funded project.
REFERENCES
1. Gasibat Q, Simbak NB, Aziz AA, Petridis L,
Tróznai Z. Stretching exercises to prevent work-
related musculoskeletal disorders: A review
article. Am J Sports Sci Med. 2017; 5(2): 27-37.
doi: 10.12691/ajssm-5-2-3
2. Skarpsno ES, Nilsen TIL, Sand T, Hagen K,
Mork PJ. Physical work exposure, chronic
musculoskeletal pain and risk of insomnia:
longitudinal data from the HUNT study, Norway.
Occup Environ Med. 2018; 75(6): 421-26.
doi: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105050.
3. Iversen VM, Vasseljen O, Mork PJ,Gismervik S,
Bertheussen GF, Salvesen O, et al. Resistance
band training or general exercise in
Determinants of Stretching Exercise Behavior
157
FIGURE I: SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF THE
BASED ON HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL (HPM)
WITH ADDED CONSTRUCTS
7. J Liaquat Uni Med Health Sci APRIL-JUNE 2019; Vol 18: No. 02
multidisciplinary rehabilitation of low back pain? A
randomized trial. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2018;
28(9): 2074-83. doi: 10.1111/sms.13091.
4. López-de-Uralde-Villanueva I, Muñoz-García D,
Gil-Martínez A, Padro-Montero J, Munez-Plata R,
Angulo-Diaz-Parreno S, et al. A Systematic
Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effectiveness of
Graded Activity and Graded Exposure for Chronic
Nonspecific Low Back Pain. Pain Med. 2016; 17
(1): 172-188.
5. Searle A, Spink M, Ho A, Chuter V. Exercise
interventions for the treatment of chronic low back
pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of
randomised controlled trials. Clin Rehabil. 2015;
29(12): 1155-1167. doi: 10.1177/0269215515570
379.
6. Kisner C, Colby LA, Borstad J, editors.
Therapeutic Exercise: Foundations and
Techniques. 7th
ed. F.A. Davis Company; 2017.
7. Mohammed M, Naji FL. Benefits of Exercise
Training For Computer-Based Staff: A Meta
Analyses. Int J Kinesiol Sports Sci. 2017; 5(2): 16-
23. doi:10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.5n.2p.16.
8. Ivarsson A, Johnson U, Andersen MB, Tranaeus
U, Stenling A, Lindwall M. Psychosocial factors
and sport injuries: meta-analyses for prediction
and prevention. Sports Med. 2017; 47(2):
353-365. doi: 10.1007/s40279-016-0578-x.
9. Pender NJ, Murdaugh CL, Parsons MA. Health
promotion in nursing practice. 7th
Ed. Pearson,
Boston USA. 2015.
10. Chhabra H, Sharma S, Verma S. Smartphone app
in self-management of chronic low back pain: a
randomized controlled trial. Eur Spine J. 2018; 27
(11): 2862-74. doi: 10.1007/s00586-018-5788-5.
11. Foxall G. Advanced Introduction to Consumer
Behavior Analysis. Edward Elgar Publishing;
United Kingdom. 2017.
12. Ainslie G. De Gustibus Disputare: Hyperbolic
delay discounting integrates five approaches to
impulsive choice. J Econ Method. 2017; 24(2):
166-189. doi: 10.1080/1350178X.2017.1309373.
13. Bach DR, Dayan P. Algorithms for survival: a
comparative perspective on emotions. Nat Rev
Neurosci. 2017; 18(5): 311-319. doi: 10.1038/nrn.
2017.35.
14. Olson K, Bond D, Wing RR. Behavioral
Approaches to the Treatment of Obesity. R I Med
J. (2013). 2017; 100(2): 21-24.
15. Doherty O, McGreevy PD, Pearson G. The
importance of learning theory and equitation
science to the veterinarian. Appl Animal Behav
Sci. 2017; 190: 111-122. doi:10.1016/j.applanim.
2017.02.012
16. Maruf FA, Umunnah JO, Akindele MO.
Associations of Constructs of Transtheoretical
Model With Physical Activity Behavior Among
Individuals With Essential Hypertension.
Cardiopulm Phys Ther J. 2017; 28(1): 12-21.
17. Munro BH, editor. Statistical methods for Health
Care Research. vol 1. Philadelphia: Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins; 2005.
18. Sihawong R, Janwantanakul P, Sitthipornvorakul
E, Pensri P. Exercise therapy for office workers
with nonspecific neck pain: a systematic review.
J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2011;34(1):62-71.
doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2010.11.005.
19. Delshad M, Tavafian S, Kazemnejad A. Factors
predicting the stretching exercise behaviors of the
office employees working in the Shahid Beheshti
University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran. .
Rev Inves Clin. 2019; 71:171-85. doi: 10.24875/
RIC.18002694
20. Delshad MH, Tavafian SS, Kazemnejad A.
Designing and psychometric evaluation of
Stretching Exercise Influencing Scale (SEIS) BMJ
Open 2019; 9(5): e026565. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-
2018-026565
21. Delshad MH, Tavafian SS, Kazemnejad A.
Educational intervention for promoting stretching
exercise behavior among a sample of Iranian
office employees: applying the Health Promotion
Model. J Pain Res. 2019; 12:733-742.
doi:10.2147/ JPR.S183410
22. McEachan RRC, Conner M, Taylor NJ, Lawton
RJ. Prospective Prediction of Health-Related
Behaviours with the Theory of Planned Behaviour:
A meta-analysis. Health Psychol Rev. 2011; 5(2):
97-144. doi:10.1080/17437199.2010.521684
23. Tobin D, Munroe-Chandler K, Hall C, Guerrero M,
Shirazipour C, Cooke L. Examining the
relationship between children's active play
imagery and basic psychological needs. Int J
Sport Exercise Psychol. 2017; 15(1): 92-102.
doi:10.1080/1612197X.2015.1069875
24. Schöndube A, Bertrams A, Sudeck G, Fuchs R.
Self-control strength and physical exercise: An
ecological momentary assessment study. Psychol
Sport Exercise. 2017; 29: 19-26. doi:10.1016/
j.psychsport.2016.11.006
Mohammad Hossein Delshad, Sedigheh Sadat Tavafian, Anoshirvan Kazemnejad
158
8. J Liaquat Uni Med Health Sci APRIL-JUNE 2019; Vol 18: No. 02
25. Gnilka PB, Novakovic A. Gender Differences in
STEM Students' Perfectionism, Career Search
Self‐Efficacy, and Perception of Career Barriers. J
Counsel Develop. 2017; 95(1): 56-66.
26. Chen Y, Gao Q, Rau P-LP. Watching a Movie
Alone yet Together: Understanding Reasons
for Watching Danmaku Videos. Int J
Human–Computer Interaction. 2017; 33(9): 731-
743. doi:10.1080/10447318.2017.1282187.
27. Mayer JD, Skimmyhorn W. Personality attributes
that predict cadet performance at West Point. J
Res Personality. 2017; 66:14-26. doi:10.1016/
j.jrp.2016.10.012.
Determinants of Stretching Exercise Behavior
159
AUTHOR AFFILIATION:
Mohammad Hossein Delshad
Department of Health Education and Health Promotion
Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Sedigheh Sadat Tavafian (Corresponding Author)
Professor, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion
Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University,Tehran, Iran.
Email: tavafian@modares.ac.ir
Anoshirvan Kazemnejad
Professor, Department of Biostatistics
Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.