The document summarizes a study that evaluated the effect of a 6-week Psychological Skills Training (PST) program on the floor exercise performance of 60 artistic gymnasts divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent the PST program in addition to regular physical training, while the control group only received physical training. Performance was assessed before and after using FIG code of points. Results found a significant improvement in the experimental group's performance compared to the control group. Additionally, the PST program benefited male and female gymnasts equally with no significant difference found between their improvements. The study concluded that a tailored PST program can effectively improve gymnasts' mental skills and performance on the floor exercise.
This study aimed to adopt a teaching method using task analysis for badminton forehand overhead clear coaching experiment and evaluate the coaching effects. Sixty male participants (mean age: 14.6 years old) without badminton training experience were recruited. All the participants were assigned into two groups (30 participants in either group). Task analysis teaching method was applied in one group as task analysis group and conventional teaching method was applied in the other group as control group. Before the coaching
experiment, there were no differences in physical fi tness and badminton level between the two groups. Motor skills were evaluated using. phase performance score. Badminton forehand overhead clear skills were evaluated using shuttlecock landing performance score. After the experiment, motor skills (25.8 ± 1.3 vs. 51.8 ± 3.7, p < 0.01) and badminton forehand overhead clear skills (22.2 ± 2.4 vs. 54.0 ± 6.4, p < 0.01) in task analysis group improved signifi cantly. In control group, motor skills (25.2 ± 1.4 vs. 36.2 ± 2.8, p < 0.01) and badminton. forehand overhead clear skills (23.2 ± 2.9 vs 50.8 ± 5.2, p < 0.01) also improved signifi cantly. Two-way ANOVA analysis revealed that
the coaching effects of task analysis group were signifi cantly better than control group both of motor skills (51.8 ± 3.7 vs. 36.2 ± 2.8, p < 0.01) and badminton forehand overhead clear skills (54.0 ± 6.4 vs. 50.8 ± 5.2, p < 0.05). In conclusion, task analysis teaching method could boost badminton motor skill learning and develop motor skill abilities.
The Analysis of Plyometric Training Program on University Handball PlayersIOSR Journals
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to find out the efficiency of composed plyometric training program on
beginners Handball players force capabilities in their usual training period. The plyometric training program
was applied during 16 week period where was attended twenty-one 12-19 years old beginners Handball
players. Twelve of them were female and nine male handball players. There were three control tastings. All
subjects participated in following tests: standing long jump, depth leap long jump, medicine ball throws up in
10 seconds; medicine ball overhead throws forward against the wall in 10 seconds, maximal vertical jumps to
the maximal height in 10 seconds, maximal vertical jump height. Testing results statistical analysis has shown
athletes legs and arms speed force reliable improvement. Standing long jump, depth leap long jump and
maximal vertical jump height test results, what has shown legs explosive power, has not shown remarkable
reliable difference (P>0.05) . Medicine ball throws and maximal vertical jumps to the maximal height in 10
seconds, what show speed force improvement, showed reliable difference (P<0.01).
Key words: TRAINING METHOD, LEGS AND ARMS SPEED FORCE TRAINING.
Effect of Isolated and Combined Training of Weight and Plyometric Training on...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The reason for this study was to figure out the impact of disconnected and joined weight and
plyometric preparing on chosen physical and physiological variables around school men. To confirm the
progressions because of the impact of weight preparing on chosen physical and physiological variables around
school men, plyometric preparing on chosen physical and physiological variables around school men. To
confirm the progressions because of the joined impact of weight and plyometric preparing on chosen physical
and physiological around school men. The reason for the study was to discover the impact of weight, Plyometric
and Combined preparing on chosen physical and physiological variables to be specific hazardous force, husky perseverance, brawny quality, speed, resting beat rate, breathing holding time and cardiovascular continuance
around school men. To realize the motivation behind this study, 80 school men learner were chosen at irregular
from in and around the Krishna region of Andhra Pradesh, their age ran from 18-23 years. They were
partitioned into four equivalent bunches and every gathering comprised 20 subjects. Group-An experienced
weight preparing; Group-B experienced Plyometric preparing and Group-C experienced joined preparing for
three days for every week for 12 weeks and Group D went about as a control that did not include any
uncommon preparing separated from the customary curricular exercises. While plyometric preparing is
requesting and place respectable push on the figure. The volume and power of the plyometric preparing inside
every these categorise might be directed to low and high practice. The subject of the plyometric assembly
cleared the base quality prerequisite test and exhibits both static and changing control test of their physique
weight with single leg squat, low power place plyometric preparing.
Keywords: Physiological, College Men, Plyometric, variables, Weight.
This study aimed to adopt a teaching method using task analysis for badminton forehand overhead clear coaching experiment and evaluate the coaching effects. Sixty male participants (mean age: 14.6 years old) without badminton training experience were recruited. All the participants were assigned into two groups (30 participants in either group). Task analysis teaching method was applied in one group as task analysis group and conventional teaching method was applied in the other group as control group. Before the coaching
experiment, there were no differences in physical fi tness and badminton level between the two groups. Motor skills were evaluated using. phase performance score. Badminton forehand overhead clear skills were evaluated using shuttlecock landing performance score. After the experiment, motor skills (25.8 ± 1.3 vs. 51.8 ± 3.7, p < 0.01) and badminton forehand overhead clear skills (22.2 ± 2.4 vs. 54.0 ± 6.4, p < 0.01) in task analysis group improved signifi cantly. In control group, motor skills (25.2 ± 1.4 vs. 36.2 ± 2.8, p < 0.01) and badminton. forehand overhead clear skills (23.2 ± 2.9 vs 50.8 ± 5.2, p < 0.01) also improved signifi cantly. Two-way ANOVA analysis revealed that
the coaching effects of task analysis group were signifi cantly better than control group both of motor skills (51.8 ± 3.7 vs. 36.2 ± 2.8, p < 0.01) and badminton forehand overhead clear skills (54.0 ± 6.4 vs. 50.8 ± 5.2, p < 0.05). In conclusion, task analysis teaching method could boost badminton motor skill learning and develop motor skill abilities.
The Analysis of Plyometric Training Program on University Handball PlayersIOSR Journals
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to find out the efficiency of composed plyometric training program on
beginners Handball players force capabilities in their usual training period. The plyometric training program
was applied during 16 week period where was attended twenty-one 12-19 years old beginners Handball
players. Twelve of them were female and nine male handball players. There were three control tastings. All
subjects participated in following tests: standing long jump, depth leap long jump, medicine ball throws up in
10 seconds; medicine ball overhead throws forward against the wall in 10 seconds, maximal vertical jumps to
the maximal height in 10 seconds, maximal vertical jump height. Testing results statistical analysis has shown
athletes legs and arms speed force reliable improvement. Standing long jump, depth leap long jump and
maximal vertical jump height test results, what has shown legs explosive power, has not shown remarkable
reliable difference (P>0.05) . Medicine ball throws and maximal vertical jumps to the maximal height in 10
seconds, what show speed force improvement, showed reliable difference (P<0.01).
Key words: TRAINING METHOD, LEGS AND ARMS SPEED FORCE TRAINING.
Effect of Isolated and Combined Training of Weight and Plyometric Training on...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The reason for this study was to figure out the impact of disconnected and joined weight and
plyometric preparing on chosen physical and physiological variables around school men. To confirm the
progressions because of the impact of weight preparing on chosen physical and physiological variables around
school men, plyometric preparing on chosen physical and physiological variables around school men. To
confirm the progressions because of the joined impact of weight and plyometric preparing on chosen physical
and physiological around school men. The reason for the study was to discover the impact of weight, Plyometric
and Combined preparing on chosen physical and physiological variables to be specific hazardous force, husky perseverance, brawny quality, speed, resting beat rate, breathing holding time and cardiovascular continuance
around school men. To realize the motivation behind this study, 80 school men learner were chosen at irregular
from in and around the Krishna region of Andhra Pradesh, their age ran from 18-23 years. They were
partitioned into four equivalent bunches and every gathering comprised 20 subjects. Group-An experienced
weight preparing; Group-B experienced Plyometric preparing and Group-C experienced joined preparing for
three days for every week for 12 weeks and Group D went about as a control that did not include any
uncommon preparing separated from the customary curricular exercises. While plyometric preparing is
requesting and place respectable push on the figure. The volume and power of the plyometric preparing inside
every these categorise might be directed to low and high practice. The subject of the plyometric assembly
cleared the base quality prerequisite test and exhibits both static and changing control test of their physique
weight with single leg squat, low power place plyometric preparing.
Keywords: Physiological, College Men, Plyometric, variables, Weight.
The effect of eight weeks resistance training on the fitness variables of uni...Sports Journal
A total of thirty female (N=30) university level male Badminton players ranging between 18-28 years of
age were taken as subjects for the purpose of the study. The subjects were randomly selected and training
was conducted at ACS College, Jamner. The subjects were further divided into two groups i.e. Group -A
(N=15) as experimental group and Group-B (N=15) as control group. The following fitness variables
were selected for the purpose of the study: Flexibility test (sit and reach test), strength test (vertical jump
test), speed test (50m dash test), agility (shuttle run test), cardio-vascular fitness test (cooper 12 minute
run-walk test). To compare the mean difference between the data, t test was computed with the help of
SPSS Software and level of significance chosen was 0.05. Result shows that resistance training
(Experimental group) have significant effect on the fitness of university level male Badminton players.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
Crimson Publishers: Impact of Resistance Training on Flexibility of Male Coll...Crimson-ForensicScience
The aim of this study was to find out the effect of resistance training on flexibility of male college hostel students. Twenty male hostel students (n=20) were randomly selected from the Government Degree College, Anantnag. The ages were ranged between 18 and 22 years. The selected subjects were randomly assigned into two equal groups as training group (TG) control group (CG). The training group (TG) underwent respective resistance training programme for twelve weeks duration for three days per week and a session on each day. The control group (CG) did not expose any special training apart from their regular activities. The flexibility was taken as a dependant variable for the study and it was measured by using sit and reach test. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyze the collected data. The result revealed that resistance training was made significant improvement (p≤0.05) in Physical Fitness of selected subjects. The level of confidence was fixed at 0.05 levels.
IADMS 2018 Presentation- Recovery during High Intensity Intermittent Exercise...Lauren Squires
Research undertaken as a part of my MSc in Dance Science from Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance exploring cardiorespiratory fitness markers during vocational training using the high intensity dance performance fitness test, incremental treadmill test and analysing their workload.
If you have any questions please feel free to reach out and message me.
Effect of Yoga on Selected Physical and Physiological Variables of Physical E...iosrjce
According to medical scientists, yoga therapy is successful because of the balance created in the
nervous and endocrine systems which directly influences all the other systems and organs of the body. Yoga acts
both as a “Curative therapy”. The very essence of yoga lies in attaining mental peace, improved concentration
powers, a relaxed state of living and harmony in relationship.Regular practice of asana, pranayama and
meditation can help such diverse, ailments such as diabetes, blood pressure, digestive disorders, arthritis,
arteriosclerosis, chronic fatigue, asthma, varicose veins and heart conditions. Laboratory tests have proved the
yogi’s increased abilities of consciously controlling autonomic or involuntary functions, such as temperature,
heartbeat and blood pressure.The study was undertaken with the aim to observe the effect of yoga(asana
&pranayama) onselected physical & physiological variables of physical education B.P.ED (Bachelor of
Physical Education) and M.P.ED (Master of Physical Education) students.For this study total 40 male students
were selected as subject from SGGS Khalsa College Mahilpur, Punjab, India. Their age ranged between 18-24
years. Students were given the treatment of selected yogicasana &pranayama for 12 weeks Result shows that the
regular practice of yoga improvedphysical variables (Muscular strength & endurance of trunk; and flexibility)
& physiologicalvariables (Pulse Rate, Vital Capacity & Peak Flow Rate) significantly.
ಪ್ರತಿದಿನ ಚೆನ್ನಾಗಿ ನಿದ್ದೆ, ವ್ಯಾಯಾಮ ಮಾಡಿ. ಧ್ಯಾನ ಯೋಗದ ಮೂಲಕ ಸಕ್ರಿಯ ಜೀವನ ಅಳವಡಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳಿ. ಆರೋಗ್ಯಕರ ಜೀವನ ಶೈಲಿ ನಿಮ್ಮ ಯೌವನಕ್ಕೂ ಆರೋಗ್ಯಕರ ತ್ವಚೆಗೂ ಕಾರಣವಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
Effects of Wii versus traditional supervised exercise on the functional fitne...spastudent
Effects of Wii versus traditional supervised exercise on the functional fitness of moderately frail Chinese population- A Pilot Study
Nanyang Polytechnic
Physiotherapy
Effect of Body Combat exercises on selected physical fitness components of sc...Sports Journal
The objective of the study was to assess the effect of body combat exercises on selected physical fitness components of school boys aged 14-16 years. Fifty (50) boys, aged from 14-16 years, were volunteered as subjects for this study. The selected variable for the study was cardiovascular endurance and muscular strength and for measuring cardiovascular endurance and muscular strength Harvard Step Test and sit-up tests were taken into consideration. Body combat exercises were intervened for the period of eight (8) weeks. This experimental design consists of an experimental group which was compared with a control group for the testing the effects of Body Combat exercise training program on cardiovascular endurance and muscular strength component. This experimental design was Non-equivalent control groups Design (pretest/post-test) where the experimental group received the Body combat exercise training program and the control group did not. The collected data were analyzed by using One Way ANCOVA. It was found that after the Eight weeks training programme there was a significant improvement in the cardiovascular endurance and Muscular Strength of school boys.
Effect of Practice of Yoga Exercises on Balance and Perception of National Le...iosrjce
The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of practice of yoga exercises on balance and
Perception of Punjab National level players. The experiment study was conducted on 40 male players of
Gymnastics and Kho-Kho who at least participated in the state championship and there age ranged was
between 14-40 years. The total 40 players (as subjects) were divided into two groups namely control groups and
experimental groups (20 each). The test of balance (state&dynamic) and perception were taken as criterion
measures. The experimental group was given an exercise schedule of selected yogaasana for the period of six
weeks. He control group was not given any sort of special training. The analysis of datashowed that the
practices of yogic exercises are found effective to develop the balance and perception.
The effect of eight weeks resistance training on the fitness variables of uni...Sports Journal
A total of thirty female (N=30) university level male Badminton players ranging between 18-28 years of
age were taken as subjects for the purpose of the study. The subjects were randomly selected and training
was conducted at ACS College, Jamner. The subjects were further divided into two groups i.e. Group -A
(N=15) as experimental group and Group-B (N=15) as control group. The following fitness variables
were selected for the purpose of the study: Flexibility test (sit and reach test), strength test (vertical jump
test), speed test (50m dash test), agility (shuttle run test), cardio-vascular fitness test (cooper 12 minute
run-walk test). To compare the mean difference between the data, t test was computed with the help of
SPSS Software and level of significance chosen was 0.05. Result shows that resistance training
(Experimental group) have significant effect on the fitness of university level male Badminton players.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
Crimson Publishers: Impact of Resistance Training on Flexibility of Male Coll...Crimson-ForensicScience
The aim of this study was to find out the effect of resistance training on flexibility of male college hostel students. Twenty male hostel students (n=20) were randomly selected from the Government Degree College, Anantnag. The ages were ranged between 18 and 22 years. The selected subjects were randomly assigned into two equal groups as training group (TG) control group (CG). The training group (TG) underwent respective resistance training programme for twelve weeks duration for three days per week and a session on each day. The control group (CG) did not expose any special training apart from their regular activities. The flexibility was taken as a dependant variable for the study and it was measured by using sit and reach test. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyze the collected data. The result revealed that resistance training was made significant improvement (p≤0.05) in Physical Fitness of selected subjects. The level of confidence was fixed at 0.05 levels.
IADMS 2018 Presentation- Recovery during High Intensity Intermittent Exercise...Lauren Squires
Research undertaken as a part of my MSc in Dance Science from Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance exploring cardiorespiratory fitness markers during vocational training using the high intensity dance performance fitness test, incremental treadmill test and analysing their workload.
If you have any questions please feel free to reach out and message me.
Effect of Yoga on Selected Physical and Physiological Variables of Physical E...iosrjce
According to medical scientists, yoga therapy is successful because of the balance created in the
nervous and endocrine systems which directly influences all the other systems and organs of the body. Yoga acts
both as a “Curative therapy”. The very essence of yoga lies in attaining mental peace, improved concentration
powers, a relaxed state of living and harmony in relationship.Regular practice of asana, pranayama and
meditation can help such diverse, ailments such as diabetes, blood pressure, digestive disorders, arthritis,
arteriosclerosis, chronic fatigue, asthma, varicose veins and heart conditions. Laboratory tests have proved the
yogi’s increased abilities of consciously controlling autonomic or involuntary functions, such as temperature,
heartbeat and blood pressure.The study was undertaken with the aim to observe the effect of yoga(asana
&pranayama) onselected physical & physiological variables of physical education B.P.ED (Bachelor of
Physical Education) and M.P.ED (Master of Physical Education) students.For this study total 40 male students
were selected as subject from SGGS Khalsa College Mahilpur, Punjab, India. Their age ranged between 18-24
years. Students were given the treatment of selected yogicasana &pranayama for 12 weeks Result shows that the
regular practice of yoga improvedphysical variables (Muscular strength & endurance of trunk; and flexibility)
& physiologicalvariables (Pulse Rate, Vital Capacity & Peak Flow Rate) significantly.
ಪ್ರತಿದಿನ ಚೆನ್ನಾಗಿ ನಿದ್ದೆ, ವ್ಯಾಯಾಮ ಮಾಡಿ. ಧ್ಯಾನ ಯೋಗದ ಮೂಲಕ ಸಕ್ರಿಯ ಜೀವನ ಅಳವಡಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳಿ. ಆರೋಗ್ಯಕರ ಜೀವನ ಶೈಲಿ ನಿಮ್ಮ ಯೌವನಕ್ಕೂ ಆರೋಗ್ಯಕರ ತ್ವಚೆಗೂ ಕಾರಣವಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
Effects of Wii versus traditional supervised exercise on the functional fitne...spastudent
Effects of Wii versus traditional supervised exercise on the functional fitness of moderately frail Chinese population- A Pilot Study
Nanyang Polytechnic
Physiotherapy
Effect of Body Combat exercises on selected physical fitness components of sc...Sports Journal
The objective of the study was to assess the effect of body combat exercises on selected physical fitness components of school boys aged 14-16 years. Fifty (50) boys, aged from 14-16 years, were volunteered as subjects for this study. The selected variable for the study was cardiovascular endurance and muscular strength and for measuring cardiovascular endurance and muscular strength Harvard Step Test and sit-up tests were taken into consideration. Body combat exercises were intervened for the period of eight (8) weeks. This experimental design consists of an experimental group which was compared with a control group for the testing the effects of Body Combat exercise training program on cardiovascular endurance and muscular strength component. This experimental design was Non-equivalent control groups Design (pretest/post-test) where the experimental group received the Body combat exercise training program and the control group did not. The collected data were analyzed by using One Way ANCOVA. It was found that after the Eight weeks training programme there was a significant improvement in the cardiovascular endurance and Muscular Strength of school boys.
Effect of Practice of Yoga Exercises on Balance and Perception of National Le...iosrjce
The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of practice of yoga exercises on balance and
Perception of Punjab National level players. The experiment study was conducted on 40 male players of
Gymnastics and Kho-Kho who at least participated in the state championship and there age ranged was
between 14-40 years. The total 40 players (as subjects) were divided into two groups namely control groups and
experimental groups (20 each). The test of balance (state&dynamic) and perception were taken as criterion
measures. The experimental group was given an exercise schedule of selected yogaasana for the period of six
weeks. He control group was not given any sort of special training. The analysis of datashowed that the
practices of yogic exercises are found effective to develop the balance and perception.
Comparative Study of Weight Training, Plyometric Training and Combined Weight...Tapan Dutta
The purpose of the study was to compare the effect of weight training, plyometric training and combined weight and plyometric training on the selected physical fitness components and kicking ability of soccer players.
For the purpose of the study, 100 male school soccer players of 15 -18 years of age from various schools of Una, Hamirpur and Kangra Districts were randomly selected as the subjects for the study. It was ascertained from the health examination reports maintained by school that all the selected players are medically fit. All the players were randomly assigned to four groups: three experimental groups viz. Weight Training Group (Group A), Plyometric Training Group (Group B) and Combined Weight and Plyometric Training Group (Group C), and the fourth group served as the Control Group (Group D). Each group consisted of 25 soccer players. The different training programmes were assigned randomly to different districts for its proper implementation. Una District soccer players were assigned weight training programme, Kangra District soccer players were assigned plyometric training programme and one group of 25 soccer players of Hamirpur District were assigned combined weight and plyometric training programme and second group of 25 soccer players Hamirpur District were kept in control group.
On the basis of the literature reviewed, experts opinion and scholar's own understanding of the problem, it was hypothesized that significant difference may be found as a result of selected weight training, plyometric training and combined weight and plyometric training on the selected physical fitness and kicking ability of soccer players.
The objective of the present study was:
1. To find out whether there is any significant effect of selected weight training, plyometric training and combined weight and plyometric training on the selected physical fitness and kicking ability of soccer players or not.
2. To find out which training type is better for the development of physical fitness and kicking ability of soccer players.
Based on the literature reviewed, discussion with experts, scholar’s own experience and keeping the feasibility criteria in mind, the following Physical Fitness Components, Strength, Speed, Agility, Cardio-Respiratory Endurance, Balance (Dynamic) were selected and to measure the kicking ability of soccer players Kicking Accuracy and Kicking for Distance were selected for the present study.
Strength was measured with the help of Vertical Jump, Vertical Power Jump and Standing Broad Jump. Speed was measured with the help of 50 Yard Dash Test. Agility was measured with the help of Shuttle Run and SEMO Agility Test. Balance was measured with the help of Modified Bass Dynamic Balance Test. Cardio-Respiratory Endurance will be measured with the help of 600 Yard Run/Walk Test. Whereas Kicking Ability was measured with the help of Kicking Accuracy and Kicking for Distance Tests.
Specificity of balance training in healthy individualsFernando Farias
Objectives The objective of this systematic literature
review and meta-analysis was to determine to what extent
the training of balance tasks can improve performance in
non-trained balance tasks.
Effect of Circuit Training on Agility of College Male Students-Crimson Publis...Crimson-ForensicScience
The purpose of this investigation was to find out the influence of circuit training on agility among college students. Thirty male college students (n=30) were randomly selected as subjects and their age ranged between 18 and 22 years. The selected subjects were randomly assigned into two equal groups such as circuit training group (CTG), and control group (CG) with fifteen subjects each (n=15). The experimental group underwent their respective experimental treatment for eight weeks three days per week and a session on each day. Control group was not undergone any specific training apart from their regular activities. Agility was taken as dependent variable for this study and it was measured by shuttle run. The collected data was analyzed by using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The result revealed that the circuit training group produced significant improvement (p≤0.05) on agility as compare to control group.
Effect of Aerobic Training on Percentage of Body Fat, Total Cholesterol and H...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The aim of the present research was to determine the effect of aerobic training on Percentage of
Body Fat, total Cholesterol (TC) and High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) among obese Children.
For this purpose, 20 obese Children (age17-25) were selected. The subjects received endurance training only
one session in the morning between 6-7 am for three alternate days a week for six weeks. To analyse the
collected data,'t'-ratio was used at 0.05 level of confidence. The results showed that there were significant
changes in Percentage of Body Fat, TC and HDL-C. It was concluded that the aerobic training is widely
believed to induce changes in the lipid profiles and Percentage of Body Fat of Children.
Influencing factors upon the reliability of physical proficiency testIOSR Journals
Abstract: The investigator has been selected (i) warm-up, (ii) motivation, and (iii) time of the day for physical
performance as influencing factors of the reliability of physical proficiency test of (i) 30 feet shuttle-run, (ii)
standing broad-jump, (iii) sit-ups for one minute. Eighty students of Bachelor Degree who are opted Physical
Education, Health education and Sports subjects from different colleges affiliated to Manipur University were
selected for this investigation. The Selection of the subjects was done purely on the basis of the specific purpose
of the study and had certain level of physical proficiency so that all the subjects could perform all the variable
test items of the study. After systematically analysed the data of the study it was found that the selected
influencing measurement factors has been affected the reliability of the selected physical proficiency test.
Keywords: Proficiency, reliability, warm-up, motivation, 30 feet shuttle-run, standing broad-jump, and sit-ups
for one minute.
Psychological assessment of overtrainingSportlyzer
Psychological tools are used in assessing overtraining because they are:
* Practical and quite reliable
* The results can be analyzed quickly
* Assumptions can be made on the individual or team level
Euro Cup fans worldwide can book Euro 2024 Tickets from our online platform www.worldwideticketsandhospitality. Fans can book Poland Vs Netherlands Tickets on our website at discounted prices.
Denmark vs England England Euro Cup squad guide Fixtures, predictions and bes...Eticketing.co
We offer UEFA Euro 2024 Tickets to admirers who can get Denmark vs England Tickets through our trusted online ticketing marketplace. Eticketing. co is the most reliable source for booking Euro Cup Final Tickets. Sign up for the latest Euro Cup Germany Ticket alert.
Euro Cup fans worldwide can book Euro 2024 Tickets from our online platform www.worldwideticketsandhospitality. Fans can book Slovakia Vs Ukraine Tickets on our website at discounted prices.
Results for LtCol Thomas Jasper, Marine, for the 2010 Marine Corps Marathon held October 31, 2010, marking the 35th annual marathon known as "The People's Marathon."
An impressive finishing time of 3:46:39, placing 324th in the Male division ages 40-44.
Boletin de la I Copa Panamericana de Voleibol Femenino U17 Guatemala 2024Judith Chuquipul
holaesungusto.- Boletín final de la I Copa Panamericana de Voleibol Femenino U17 - Ciudad de Guatemala 2024 que se realizó del 27 de mayo al 01 de julio, en el Domo Polideportivo Zona 13.
Fuente: norceca.net
Narrated Business Proposal for the Philadelphia Eaglescamrynascott12
Slide 1:
Welcome, and thank you for joining me today. We will explore a strategic proposal to enhance parking and traffic management at Lincoln Financial Field, aiming to improve the overall fan experience and operational efficiency. This comprehensive plan addresses existing challenges and leverages innovative solutions to create a smoother and more enjoyable experience for our fans.
Slide 2:
Picture this: It’s a crisp fall afternoon, driving towards Lincoln Financial Field. The atmosphere is electric—tailgaters grilling, fans in Eagles jerseys creating a sea of green and white. The air buzzes with camaraderie and anticipation. You park, join the throng, and make your way to your seat. The stadium roars as the Eagles take the field, sending chills down your spine. Each play is a thrilling dance of strategy and skill. This is what being an Eagles fan is all about—the joy, the pride, and the shared experience.
Slide 3:
But now, the day is marred by frustration. The excitement wanes as you struggle to find a parking spot. The congestion is overwhelming, and tempers flare. The delays mean you miss the pre-game excitement, the tailgate camaraderie, and even the opening kick-off. After the game, the joy of victory or the shared solace of defeat is overshadowed by the stress of navigating out of the parking lot. The gridlock, honking horns, and endless waiting drain the energy and joy from what should have been an unforgettable experience.
Our proposal aims to eliminate these frustrations, ensuring that from arrival to departure, your experience is extraordinary. Efficient parking and smooth traffic flow are key to maintaining the high spirits and excitement that make game days special.
Slide 4:
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Effect of psychological skills training program on floor exercise performance
1. Effect of Psychological Skills Training Program On Floor Exercise
performance
ABSTRACT
The present experimental study aimed to evaluate the effect of six weeks Psychological Skills
Training (PST) Program on the Floor Exercise performance of the Artistic Gymnasts, for the
purpose a total number of 60 gymnasts were randomly divided into experimental and
controlled group (30 gymnasts in each group) Subjects voluntarily agreed to participate in a
training program, at the end of the training program only 52 subjects completed the entire
training schedule. The study was carried out at Bhoir’s Gymkhana, Dombivali, Mumbai from
16th August, 2012 to 30th September, 2012. The data was collected and statistically analysed
by employing the analysis of covariance. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Findings
revealed that there was a significant improvement in the performance of the gymnasts those
who underwent the PST program as compared to the gymnasts in controlled group.
INTRODUCTION
The floor exercise is a common apparatus for women's and men's artistic gymnastics event.
Gymnasts are required to do four or five tumbling passes in a routine, and the passes often
contain multiple flips and twists. Women perform both tumbling and dance skills on floor,
while men do tumbling and occasional strength moves or flairs and circles. The whole routine
must be performed with rhythm and harmony, and the gymnast must move in different
directions, using a major portion of the allotted area. The women’s event is similar to the
men’s, except that it is performed to music and lasts 70 to 90 seconds. (Amy Van Deusen,
About.com)
In the present age of competitive sports world, sports person are required to exhibit the
superb physical ability Similarly, in Gymnastics the performance on floor is the combination
of biomechanical applications to fulfil the great technical demand of the events, balance,
coordination, strength, agility, speed and endurance, ornamented with aesthetics, grace and
beauty to support the wondrous performance, but to perfect the skills, so they could be
exhibited efficiently at the time when it is most required, there is something extra which is
required to be trained to avoid the poor performance, i.e the mental side/ Psychological aspect
of the training. This can be supported under the shadow of the literature that the interface
between biomechanical (Hayes, 1982), physiological (Hasan, Enoka, & Stuart, 1985), and
peripheral (Zajac, 1993) and central nervous system (Behm & Sale, 1993; Wolpaw, 1994)
operation to coordination of movement (sports performance) are mediated by different facets
of psychological involvement (Bergenheim, Johansson, Granlund, & Pedersen, 1996). To
enhance the psychological component of physical movement, mental skills training has been
recognised as an effective method (Driskell, Copper, & Moran, 1994; Feltz & Landers,
1983). Primarily, mental skills training has developed from the necessity of the athlete to
learn more about their individual mental life to allow a degree of control in coordinating
effective movement through various psychological states of performance (Martens, 1987;
Rushall, 1992). There are many different methods and exercises to develop mental skills of
the athletes targeting the rise in the performance, and these methods can be separated into two
2. basic approaches, cognitive and somatic, by keeping this in mind in the present study the
targeted mental skills were Goal-setting, Relaxation, Self-talk, Imagery, Attention and
Confidence, Mahoney et al. (1983) identified confidence, concentration/attention, relaxation
and positive thinking as important mental skills and it has become necessary for the coaches
and sports psychologists to decide which psychological variables will be crucial for the
gymnasts performance. To accomplish the aim of the present study psychological skills
training was imparted in an efficient manner to assess the effect of PST on the Floor Exercise
performance among Artistic Gymnasts, as this could result in the motivation of the individual
to attain self-mastery, that is, a desire to control their individual psychological world. On the
basis of the background stated the research question emerges as:
Research Question
Is Psychological Skills Training Program effective to improve performance on floor ecercise
To test the research question following objectives were tested:
o To assess, the effect of PST program on the floor exercise performance among the
gymnasts.
o To compare the experimental and controlled groups performances.
o Does PST program effect differently to male and female Gymnasts?
METHODOLOGY
Sample
A total of 60 artistic male and female gymnasts, who accepted voluntarily to be the part of the
study, were selected as the subject from Bhoir’s Gymkhana, Dombivali, Mumbai. The
subjects were ranging from 9 to 17 years. The gymnasts were divided randomly into two
equal groups i.e Experimental Group, provided with the Psychological Skills Training along
with the regular physical training in which 28 (12 Female and 16 Male) Gymnasts completed
the study, Whereas, on the other hand controlled Group was not exposed to any treatments
other than the regular physical training in which only 24 (12 Female and 12 Male) gymnasts
completed the study process.
Criterion Measure
For the purpose of the study following criterion measures were used:
Code of point’s artistic Gymnastics (2009-12) of Federation of International Gymnastics
(FIG) was used to assess the Gymnastics performance of the gymnasts.
Preparation of the training Program
To achieve the objective of the study Psychological Skill Training Program was prepared in
consultation with the supervisor and other experts. Before implementing the training program
Rapport was developed with the subjects (gymnasts) by visiting the Gymnastics Centre to
communicate and observe the gymnasts. After conforming, Gymnastics performance of the
3. Subjects was evaluated as per code of points (2009-2012) to receive the Pre-data before
administering the Psychological Skills Training. Further, after collecting the Pre-data a six
weeks PST program was administered on the gymnasts. Successful Completion of the six
weeks training program was followed by a second assessment i.e Post-training Test of
Gymnastics performance evaluation of the Gymnasts. Gymnastics performance was
evaluated by qualified judges including research scholar herself, who is qualified FIG judge.
Administration of the Psychological skills
Skill Development program: PST program in self-talk, relaxation, concentration, goal-setting, imagery
and confidence was implemented in the form of 30- 45 minutes session for five days in a week to
develop areas / factors limiting the athlete’s present performance potential.
Application and Evaluation: PST was imparted to the gymnasts for six weeks Gymnasts were
made aware of the Psychological Skills and began to practice the techniques under the guidance
of the coach and researcher observed the training program. Evaluation of the gymnast’s
performance was obtained at two stages, Pre-data i.e in the beginning before starting the PST
Program and Post-data i.e after the completion of PST Program. Performance on Floor exercise
was evaluated by the three national qualified judges on the basis of FIG, code of points 2009-
2012.
Performance Scores
For the purpose of the study, the performance scores of the subjects were taken twice i.e
before starting the training program and after the completion of the training program:
Pre-test Performance:Before starting the PST Program, the selected subjects were judged on the basis of
FIG, code of points, 2009 by three qualified judges, and the researcher herself had also judged as scholar
is an international qualified judge. Though, the judging in the gymnastics is subjective in nature but FIG
has formulated and developed the code of points in such a manner that the objectivity has been ensured to
its optimum level while evaluating the performance.
Post-test Performance: After completion of the PST Program the gymnast’s performance was evaluated
by three qualified judges on the basis of the FIG, code of points, 2009.
Statistical Analysis
For the purpose of the present study data was analysed by employing ANCOVA to test
significant difference between the means of post performances of Experimental and Controlled
groups by covariating the pre performance of both the groups. When an ANCOVA is conducted
we look at the overall relationship between the outcome (dependent variable i.e post floor
exercise performance scores of the gymnasts belonging to the experimental and controlled
groups) and the covariate we fit the regression line to the entire data set, ignoring to which group
a person belongs (pre floor exercise performance scores of the gymnasts belonging to the
experimental and controlled groups) Miller G.A, Chapman, J.P, (2001).
The findings are presented in Table No. 1.
4. FINDINGS
Table 1: Descriptive Statistics of Gymnastics Performance on Floor exercise
Group Gender N Mean SD
Experimental Girls 12 10.05 1.36
Boys 16 8.62 3.29
Total 28 9.23 2.69
Control Girls 12 6.44 3.03
Boys 12 6.87 4.13
Total 24 6.65 3.55
Total Girls 24 8.24 2.95
Boys 28 7.87 3.71
Total 52 8.04 3.35
The above table reflects the mean value of the performance and number of girls and boys in
experimental and controlled groups, the mean value of all the gymnasts in experimental
group is 9.23; SD 2.69, whereas mean of girls (N=12) is 10.05; SD is 1.36 and boys (N=16)
is 8.63; SD 3.29.
Homogeneity of the group was tested by computing the levene’s test of equality, the findings
are presented in table No. 2.
Table 2: Levene’s Test of Equality of Error Variances
F df1 df2 Sig.
.879 3 48 .459
* Design: Intercept + Pre + group + gender + group * gender
Output shows the result of Levene’s test when pre PST program is included in the model as a
covariate. The Levene’s test is insignificant, indicating that the group variances are equal.
Hence, the assumption of homogeneity of variance has been met. The findings with regard to
ANCOVA are presented in table 3.
Table 3: Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Source Type III Sum of
Squares
Df Mean Square F Sig.
Corrected Model 441.906a
4 110.48 39.78 0.00
Intercept 42.429 1 42.43 15.28 0.00
Pre Perform 341.009 1 341.00 122.81 0.00
Group 12.549 1 12.55 4.51 0.039
Gender 6.877 1 6.88 2.47 0.12
Group * Gender 1.187 1 1.19 .428 0.51
Error 130.503 47 2.78
Total 3938.920 52
Corrected Total 572.409 51
a. R Squared = .772 (Adjusted R Squared = .753)
b. P < 0.05
5. The above table shows the ANCOVA table with the covariate included. Looking first at the
significance value of Group it is clear that the result of F-test support the effect after
controlling for Pre performance, obtained F = 4.51 at p 0.039 < 0.05. Table further indicates
the interaction of group and gender, the attained f value is .428 at the p > 0.05.
Whereas in case of Gender, it can be revealed that p is 0.12 > 0.05, fails to support the
assumption of the regression homogeneity, F = 2.47, p > 0.05.
Table 4: Mean Difference Between Experimental And Controlled Group
(I) group (J) group Mean
Difference
(I-J)
Std.
Error
Sig.a
95% Confidence Interval for
Differencea
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Exp Control 1.039*
.489 .039 .056 2.022
Control Exp -1.039*
.489 .039 -2.022 -.056
*. The mean difference is significant at the.05 level.
Based on estimated marginal means
a. . Adjustment for multiple comparisons: Least Significant Difference (equivalent to no adjustments).
The above table exhibits that the mean difference among Experimental and Controlled group
is 1.03, significant at 0.039 < 0.05.
DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
Results of the present study reveals that the Psychological Skills Training Program composite
of Goal-setting, Relaxation, Imagery, Attention, Self-talk and Self-confidence has been most
useful in enhancing the Floor Exercise performance of the Artistic Gymnasts, if clubbed with
physical training. All the data collected offered to understand the scenario in the quantity and
created an overall picture of PST influence.
The result of the current study suggest that Gymnasts who engaged in Psychological Skills
Training program (performance enhancement Techniques) exhibited enhanced performance
on Floor Exercise when compared to participants in a controlled condition where, the
gymnasts did not participate in a PST program but regularly were undergoing physical
training program. Improvement in performance is supported by the findings given by
Calmels, C., & Fournier, J, (1999). A number of studies show that athletes who are strongly
confident in sport, concentrate better, have healthier emotions, and demonstrate better game
strategies, control of tempos, and performance than less confident athletes (Chi, 1996; Gould,
1981; Mahoney, Gabriel, & Perkin, 1987).
With an anticipation of enhancement in sports performance a combination of several
psychological skills was developed for the Artistic Gymnasts and the results of the present
study also supports the assumptions of the researcher, with the reference to the findins of
(Calmels etal. 2003). Much of the early research utilizing prescribed PST programs used
single PST methods and tested their effect on performance (Martin, Moritz & Hall, 1999;
Garza & Feltz, 1998). Thelwell and Greenlees (2001) argue that when implementing a PST
program, it is improbable that a single method will be employed by a sports psychologist.
Thelwell and Greenlees (2001) highlight that it is more effective to employ a combination of
mental skills that relate to the specific sport. The performance could elevate as the gymnasts
under experimentation could understand, learn and adapt the Psychological Skills and finally
6. applied that during the training and competition which helped them to concentrate better,
being more focussed, rehearse perfect technique, relaxing themselves during training or
competition, stopped negative thoughts and chanted positive statements etc. In consideration
to a great emphasis has been place on identification of numerous psychological skills and on
instruction of athletes in how to learn and apply them (Orlick, 1990, Nideffer, 1992,
Williams, 1093) psychological skills are related to a number of desired qualities such as
commitment to training, confidence and decreased pre competition anxiety (Williams and
Krane, 1992; White, 1993).
While there is ample evidence that PST enhances the sports performance, it is unable to
understand if PST influence differently to the males and females, after the examination of
data in the present study it has been revealed that there was no difference found in the
improvement in male and female Artistic gymnasts performance on Floor Exercise following
the PST program. In support of the former, analysis of 46 meta-analyses that were conducted
during the last two decades of the 20th century underscores that men and women are
basically alike in terms of personality, cognitive ability and leadership. Hyde, J. S. (2005)
supported by Halpern, D. F. (2000) & (2004). However, Research findings references from
previous studies, with regard to gender differences in psychological skills are conflicting.
Educational Implication
The current article reviews a PST program for the Indian Gymnasts that was successfully
implemented to improve the Gymnast's mental skills and performance.
CONCLUSIONS
1. Tailor made PST Program may be developed to enhance the performance of the
players.
2. There is significant difference between the Experimental and Control Group
performances.
3. Psychological skills training program has significantly improved the Floor Exercise
performance of the gymnasts.
4. The psychological skills training worked evenly for both male and female gymnasts
or in other words they adapted evenly.
7. REFRENCE
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determines velocity-specific training response. Journal of Applied Physiology, 74 (1),
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Bergenheim, M., Johansson, H., Granlund, B., & Pedersen, J. (1996). Experimental
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Driskell, J. E., Copper, C., & Moran, A. (1994). Does mental practice enhance
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Feltz, D. L., & Landers, D. M. (1983). The effects of mental practice on motor skills,
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Halpern, D. F. (2000). Sex Differences in Cognitive Abilities (3rd Edition). Mahwah,
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(http://gymnastics.about.com/od/gymnasticsapparatus/p/gymnasticsfloorexercise.htm)