Environmental technologies are technological solutions that mitigate environmental problems and the impact of production on the environment. They can be classified into three main groups: clean production technologies, which make production more efficient with less resource use; end-of-pipe environmental pollution reduction technologies, which purify emissions and waste; and climate technologies, which reduce greenhouse gas emissions and climate change impacts. Environmental technologies have developed rapidly in the last 50 years to address purification, resource efficiency, and emission reduction.

1. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES

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3. Environmental technologies are technological solutions of environmental
problems, and they mitigate the impact of production on the environment.
Environmental technologies are used in such sectors as industry, agriculture,
services and transport, as well as in everyday housework.
CLASSIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES
CLASSIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES
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The impact of production on the environment is determined by the
fact, that during the process of production, raw materials, water and
energy are used, making products and waste

4. clean
production
technologies
climate technologies
end-of-pipe
environmental
pollution reduction
technologies
Production can be made “clean” if the emissions and waste are used as resources
Environmental technologies can be classified into
Environmental technologies can be classified into
three large groups
three large groups:
:
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Environmental pollution reduction facilities are installed in order to purify exhaust
gases and wastewater and to ensure waste management
Production can be made “clean” if the emissions and waste are used as resources
for another plant
Climate technologies include both above-mentioned environmental technology
groups when they reduce the impact on climate change

5. It is possible to make production more
efficient with lesser input (materials, energy
and water), producing the same output of
the same or higher quality
CLEAN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
CLEAN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
Clean production is a process in which hardly any waste is produced, but all the raw
materials are used up for the end product. Clean production can be achieved by
implementing: minimal use of water, no wastewater, minimal use of energy, economical
use of raw materials, and no waste.
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the same or higher quality
In order to implement clean production,
technological processes in enterprises are
changed or enhanced by other processes

6. Environmental technologies of this group
are purification technologies
End
End-
-of
of-
-pipe environmental pollution reduction technologies
pipe environmental pollution reduction technologies
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Pollutants are separated as soon as they
have been formed, then they are treated
before they are re leased into the
environment

7. Those technological processes
reduce greenhouse gas emissions
in the atmosphere
Climate technologies
Climate technologies
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Climate technologies include also
clean production technologies and
end-of-pipe environmental
pollution reduction technologies
when they reduce the impact on
climate change, as well as those
technological processes that
reduce greenhouse gas
emissions into the atmosphere.

8. Development of environmental technologies became quite
fast only at the last 50 years
Before has been known mainly purification technologies
and end-of-pipe environmental pollution reduction
technologies
Development of the environmental technologies
Development of the environmental technologies
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9. E
Eco
co-
-efficiency
efficiency
eco-efficiency
economy of raw
materials and
energy
reduction of
reduction of
emissions and waste
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environment-
friendly
products
reduction of
negative
impact on the
environment
and climate
during the life
cycle
improvement of
the quality of
water, air and
soil

10. Environmental pollution reduction
measures can be ranked
according to their priority. The first
C
CONCEPT
ONCEPTION
ION FOR POLLUTION REDUCTION
FOR POLLUTION REDUCTION
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according to their priority. The first
stage includes the identification
and classification of environmental
pollution types and their impact.

11. Cleaner production is a gradual approximation of the actual
production to clean production
The simplest way to
implement cleaner
production in an enterprise
is to use the best available
C
CLEANER PRODUCTION
LEANER PRODUCTION
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Products are called environment-friendly if the impact on the environment and
natural resource consumption is minimal during the process of their production, use
and discharge into the waste flow
is to use the best available
technology.
The best technologies for
almost all industry sectors
are available to producers in
the EU.
Cleaner production scheme
Products are called environment-friendly if the impact on the environment and
natural resource consumption is minimal during the process of their production, use
and discharge into the waste flow

12. CLEAN PRODUCTION
CLEAN PRODUCTION
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Clean production can be achieved by implementing the following
conditions: minimal use of water, and no wastewater, minimal use of
energy, or the use of energy generated during the production process for
the production needs, economical use of raw materials, and no waste.
A zero-emission production is a technological process or a set of
technological processes which uses up 100 % of the raw
materials, transforming them into 100 % of the end products

13. Environment
Environment-
-friendly products
friendly products
Products are called environment-friendly if the impact on the
environment and natural resource consumption is minimal during the
process of their production, use and discharge into the waste flow.
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14. The aims of eco-design are to reduce the consumption of resources, to use
environment-friendly materials, to optimise the production, distribution and use of the
product as well as to ensure proper management at the end of its life cycle, i.e.
renewal, recycling or disposal.
ECO
ECO-
-DESIGN
DESIGN
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15. Environmental pollution reduction technologies
Environmental pollution reduction technologies
It is not easy to decide what is better – either to prevent,
eliminate or at least minimise the causes of pollution, or to fight
the effects of pollution by purifying the flows of contaminated gas,
water and solids already after they have passed the technological
process
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Groups
Groups f
fo
or
r the environmental
the environmental
pollution reduction technologies:
pollution reduction technologies:
Gas
purification
technologies
Water
treatment
Solid waste
management

16. GAS PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES
GAS PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES
Depending on the aggregative state of
pollutants, gas purification
technologies fall into three broad
categories:
purification of
polluted gas and air
from dust and
separation of gaseous
substances from technical
separation of liquid
droplets from air
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polluted gas and air
from dust and
aerosols
substances from technical
gas, flue gas and air flows
separation of liquid
droplets from air
The choice of the polluted gas purification technology depends on
production requirements, which determines the selection of
engineering solutions based on the principle of cost optimisation

17. GAS PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES
GAS PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES
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Purification of polluted air from dust and aerosols
a – cyclone; b – bag filter; c – wet scrubber;
d – electrostatistic precipitator

18. Landfill Gas Purification System
Landfill Gas Purification System
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19. Gas Purification
Gas Purification -
- H
H2
2S Removal & Purification for
S Removal & Purification for
Pipelines
Pipelines
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20. Car’s and track’s exhaust emissions
Car’s and track’s exhaust emissions
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Three-way catalytic converter

21. “Three
“Three-
-way” catalytic converters
way” catalytic converters
• Reduction of nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and oxygen :
2NOx → xO2 + N2
• Oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide:
2CO + O2 → 2CO2
• Oxidation of un-burnt hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and water :
CxH2x+2 + [(3x+1)/2]O2 → xCO2 + (x+1)H2O
CxH2x+2 + [(3x+1)/2]O2 → xCO2 + (x+1)H2O
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Ceramic-core converter
Cutaway of a metal-core converter

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Thank You for attention !
Thank You for attention !