My presentation at #AGU2014 (12/15/2014) about my ongoing research at the University of California, Davis and the Polytechnic University of Valencia (Spain).
Modeling residential water, energy, GHG emissions and cost in California. IWa...Àlvar Escrivà i Bou
The document models residential water, energy, greenhouse gas emissions, and costs in California. It develops models to account for variability in location and heterogeneity in household consumption. Monte Carlo simulations are used to generate representative households. Results show potential water and energy savings from conservation strategies. The author concludes that managing water and related energy jointly can significantly reduce emissions, and targeting conservation based on heterogeneity is important for policy.
Development of a Global Hydrological Model for Integrated Assessment ModelingTingju Zhu
1) The document discusses the development of a global hydrological model (IGHM) to simulate the global water cycle and quantify water availability under climate change for integrated assessment modeling of global food and water systems.
2) IGHM simulates the natural hydrological cycle on a 0.5 degree grid at monthly time steps and has been calibrated and validated against observed runoff data with good results.
3) Model simulations of historical and future climate scenarios show changes in runoff patterns and amounts at the global scale that could impact water resources availability.
052115 final nlm jd water energy goggles 2015 emc finalJim Dodenhoff
This presentation explores the “Water-Energy Nexus” and redefines the boundaries of a water-energy project. This newly developed conceptual framework can be used by the water industry and policy makers to rethink their approach to water-energy conservation programs.
Program and Policy Innovations at the Water Energy Nexus, presented by Meredith Younghein at the Electrochemical Energy Summit in San Francisco on October 27.
The document presents information on the Eco Hydro logger, a low-cost data logging device developed by researchers at the University of British Columbia to monitor water characteristics such as level and temperature. It is powered by solar energy and can record data every 10 minutes for several months. The Eco Hydro logger has potential applications in Bangladesh for risk mitigation in coastal areas, monitoring river flows and obtaining hydrological data, reducing the impact of floods, and effective disaster management during the rainy season. It could provide hydrological data in a cost-effective way to better understand water patterns in data-scarce regions of Bangladesh.
This document discusses a next generation swine waste-to-energy project in North Carolina. It summarizes that NC is a top pork producing state that has adopted renewable energy standards requiring utilities to source 12.5% of energy from renewable sources by 2021. A case study is presented on the Loyd Ray Farms project that converts waste from 9,000 pigs into electricity using anaerobic digestion. The project generates renewable energy credits and carbon offsets while improving waste management and air/water quality on the farm. Initial results found the project generated 344 renewable energy credits and 2,500 carbon offsets, meeting or exceeding environmental performance standards for nutrients, odors, and pathogens. Ongoing challenges include issues with the gas conditioning system and
Modeling residential water, energy, GHG emissions and cost in California. IWa...Àlvar Escrivà i Bou
The document models residential water, energy, greenhouse gas emissions, and costs in California. It develops models to account for variability in location and heterogeneity in household consumption. Monte Carlo simulations are used to generate representative households. Results show potential water and energy savings from conservation strategies. The author concludes that managing water and related energy jointly can significantly reduce emissions, and targeting conservation based on heterogeneity is important for policy.
Development of a Global Hydrological Model for Integrated Assessment ModelingTingju Zhu
1) The document discusses the development of a global hydrological model (IGHM) to simulate the global water cycle and quantify water availability under climate change for integrated assessment modeling of global food and water systems.
2) IGHM simulates the natural hydrological cycle on a 0.5 degree grid at monthly time steps and has been calibrated and validated against observed runoff data with good results.
3) Model simulations of historical and future climate scenarios show changes in runoff patterns and amounts at the global scale that could impact water resources availability.
052115 final nlm jd water energy goggles 2015 emc finalJim Dodenhoff
This presentation explores the “Water-Energy Nexus” and redefines the boundaries of a water-energy project. This newly developed conceptual framework can be used by the water industry and policy makers to rethink their approach to water-energy conservation programs.
Program and Policy Innovations at the Water Energy Nexus, presented by Meredith Younghein at the Electrochemical Energy Summit in San Francisco on October 27.
The document presents information on the Eco Hydro logger, a low-cost data logging device developed by researchers at the University of British Columbia to monitor water characteristics such as level and temperature. It is powered by solar energy and can record data every 10 minutes for several months. The Eco Hydro logger has potential applications in Bangladesh for risk mitigation in coastal areas, monitoring river flows and obtaining hydrological data, reducing the impact of floods, and effective disaster management during the rainy season. It could provide hydrological data in a cost-effective way to better understand water patterns in data-scarce regions of Bangladesh.
This document discusses a next generation swine waste-to-energy project in North Carolina. It summarizes that NC is a top pork producing state that has adopted renewable energy standards requiring utilities to source 12.5% of energy from renewable sources by 2021. A case study is presented on the Loyd Ray Farms project that converts waste from 9,000 pigs into electricity using anaerobic digestion. The project generates renewable energy credits and carbon offsets while improving waste management and air/water quality on the farm. Initial results found the project generated 344 renewable energy credits and 2,500 carbon offsets, meeting or exceeding environmental performance standards for nutrients, odors, and pathogens. Ongoing challenges include issues with the gas conditioning system and
Watersmart innovations 2010 cost of capacityTroy Aichele
The document compares the costs of various methods of increasing water and sewer capacity. It provides examples of costs to build new water wells, water treatment plants, sewer plants, and conservation methods. The cost per additional gallon of capacity varies widely between methods, from $7.80 per gallon for high efficiency shower heads to over $50 per gallon for pint urinals or desalination plants. Conservation methods generally have lower per-gallon costs than developing new infrastructure sources. Time frames to implement different options also range from months for conservation to over 5 years for large infrastructure projects.
This document discusses a partnership between Thames Water and Action for the River Kennet (ARK) to promote water efficiency in the River Kennet catchment area. The partnership aims to reduce water demand through ARK's "Water Matters" school program, Thames Water's "Smarter Home Visits" which provide water saving devices and leak fixes, and joint community engagement efforts. In 2016/17 the program engaged over 1,600 children through school workshops and delivered 16,000 smarter home visits in the Oxford and Newbury areas, helping to meet Thames Water's water efficiency targets while benefiting local rivers and wildlife. The partnership looks to expand its catchment management approach to include customer behavior change and other initiatives.
Dr. Gregory Thoma - Pork’s Carbon FootprintJohn Blue
Pork’s Carbon Footprint - Dr. Gregory Thoma, professor, agriculture chemical engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, from the Minnesota Pork Congress, January 20-21, 2010, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
The document provides an update on California's ongoing drought from the Water Planning Committee. It summarizes the state's record-setting drought conditions, including low reservoir levels and snowpack. While winter precipitation is predicted to be near or above normal, drought recovery will be slow. The document also discusses ongoing drought response activities like water use monitoring and compliance with state emergency regulations.
The document summarizes a presentation about the Pure Water program in San Diego. It discusses how the program will provide over 1/3 of the city's water supply through an advanced water purification process. It will treat wastewater from three plants and deliver it to local reservoirs by 2035. This creates a sustainable local water source and reduces reliance on imported water, whose costs have risen significantly. The program is supported by officials, environmental groups, and businesses as a cost-effective water solution for San Diego.
This document summarizes LADWP's water and energy systems. It outlines LADWP's various water sources including the Los Angeles Aqueduct, Colorado River Aqueduct, State Water Project, and local groundwater. It discusses strategies to increase sustainability, such as water conservation programs, stormwater capture, and increasing the use of recycled water. It also discusses sustainable strategies for LADWP's power system, including achieving renewable energy and energy efficiency targets. Finally, it analyzes the energy use and carbon emissions associated with different water sources and conveyance systems, finding that local sources have lower energy impacts.
This document summarizes a research report on the causes of declining residential water sales for the Louisville Water Company. The key findings are:
1) Residential water usage per customer has declined 20% since 1988, forcing the company to raise rates.
2) Several factors may be contributing to lower usage, including wetter weather, fewer people per household, and more water-efficient appliances.
3) Preliminary analysis found at least one-third of the decline is due to fewer people per household. Outdoor water use is also impacted by weather conditions.
This document summarizes the energy utility perspective on water and energy in California. It discusses how water represents nearly 20% of the state's electricity consumption and how energy costs are a major portion of water agency budgets. It also outlines California policies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions through water and energy savings. The document describes Southern California Edison's initiatives to identify cost-effective water and energy efficiency opportunities through programs like leak detection, pump testing, and demand response. It emphasizes the importance of continued collaboration between energy and water entities to achieve shared objectives around safety, reliability, affordability, and addressing infrastructure and environmental challenges.
Potential waste, water, and energy savings were identified for hotel properties in Minnesota. Average resource use footprints and benchmarks were generated after analysis of utility bill data.
This document describes a study that analyzed the impact of water management policies, agricultural policy reforms, and climate change on irrigation management and maize production in a region of Spain. It used models to simulate crop growth under different climate and policy scenarios, and to optimize irrigation scheduling and economic returns. The study found that climate change was predicted to increase irrigation needs and negatively impact profits, while medium levels of irrigation system modernization could help adapt to these new challenges.
This document summarizes Mary Ann Casas' capstone project on implementing sustainability improvements at the Kappa Delta sorority house at the University of Florida. The project focused on completing low-cost, high impact upgrades to increase energy and water efficiency and create a healthier environment. Specific projects included installing LED lights, low-flow showerheads, "smart" power strips, green cleaning supplies, and educating residents on recycling and composting. Metrics tracked included utility costs and energy usage, which both decreased after upgrades. The document outlines the LEED framework used to guide the project and analyze savings. Overall the upgrades have provided ongoing cost and resource savings while benefiting the environment and occupants.
Small Council, Big Vision, Bigger Savings - AIRAH Pre-loved Buildings 2014Yale Carden
Presentation showing the incredible energy savings potential of geoexchange / ground source heat pumps for heating and cooling commercial buildings. This presentation was delivered at the AIRAH Pre-loved Buildings Conference in Brisbane, Australia in October 2014.
Titled Small Council, Big Vision, Bigger Savings, it takes the audience on the journey of this project from initial concept through to completion. It discussed both the incredible energy and dollar savings while also addresses the importance of the project team and their importance in delivering what was a truly great project.
The document summarizes the work and results of an environmental internship at CST Industries Inc., a bolted storage tank manufacturer. Over the summer, the intern completed 5 projects that identified opportunities to reduce the company's environmental impacts and costs. Key results included annual savings of 469,572 kWh of electricity, 1,229 MMBtu of natural gas, and over 2.6 million gallons of water. The estimated savings were $92,474 per year and reduced greenhouse gas emissions by 458 metric tons of CO2 equivalent. Future projects are proposed to achieve additional sustainability improvements across the facility.
The document summarizes a business plan competition presentation about a microbial fuel cell technology that can convert organic waste into electricity. The technology was presented as a solution to problems in wastewater treatment plants, which consume large amounts of energy and often operate at a loss. Interviews with potential customers in industries that produce organic waste, as well as municipal wastewater treatment plants, indicated the technology could save 60% on electricity costs. The presentation highlighted the large total market size for waste water treatment plants and noted the cross-disciplinary team and financial details were included in the business plan.
The Louisville Water Company has experienced a 20% decline in water usage per residential customer since 1988. This has forced rate increases and reduced revenues. The report studies possible causes, including wetter weather reducing outdoor use, fewer people per household, more water-efficient appliances, and many households incorrectly classified as commercial users. An econometric model suggests at least one-third of the decline is due to fewer people per household, while usage per person has remained stable. The report recommends an end use study to better understand the impacts of new appliances and distinguish indoor and outdoor usage. It also found over 44,000 housing units misclassified as commercial that should be reclassified to improve analysis of trends.
Geoexchange and Thermal Potential at GeoscienceYale Carden
The presentation discusses how utilizing thermal potential through geoexchange systems can enhance energy efficiency and productivity. Thermal potential involves using heat sources and sinks from the local environment for heating and cooling. Geoexchange transfers heat between the earth and buildings through ground heat exchangers. Case studies show geoexchange systems at St Peters College and Geoscience Australia reduced energy usage by over 50% and provided significant cost savings. Optimizing thermal energy storage and control strategies can better integrate renewable thermal and electrical energy sources to maximize efficiency.
John McHenry, Chief Scientist, Advanced Meteorological Systems, Baron Services - September 2016
UCAR Congressional Briefing
Commercial weather companies partner with research community and government agencies to develop and deploy critical weather intelligence with the goal of reducing harm to people and property. The newly deployed National Water Model has significant promise for reducing flood-related disaster risks.
This document summarizes the design of the rooftop park and water management system for the Transbay Transit Center in San Francisco. The rooftop park aims to be a fully inhabitable public space with open lawns, botanical planting, seating areas, children's play areas, and more. The water system was designed to reduce potable water usage by over 60% through graywater reuse, stormwater capture and detention, and water-efficient irrigation and fixtures. The system sets a new precedent for commercial building water reuse and has implications for reducing infrastructure costs and increasing sustainability in Silicon Valley.
Water system optimization an energy efficiency view final presentationJim Dodenhoff
This paper reviews energy efficiency projects implemented for water distribution utilities in Arizona and highlights the enhanced value proposition of combined energy-water conservation projects.
This document summarizes plans for sustainable water management at a development site in Filton Airfield, UK. The development will include 2675 homes on 144 hectares purchased by YTL, a Malaysian company. A masterplan has been approved and construction began in 2018. The project includes a strategic surface water system to capture and reuse rainwater locally. Analysis of rainfall data from weather stations will evaluate the feasibility of rainwater harvesting for non-potable uses like toilet flushing and irrigation. Modeling will also explore heat recovery from wastewater and local fertilizer production from wastewater and food waste streams. Next steps include designing an integrated rainwater collection and low-flow sewer system, modeling heat recovery potential, and determining
This document summarizes the key findings of a research project on best practices for improving energy efficiency at drinking water utilities. The project identified numerous opportunities for utilities to reduce energy use by 10-30% through practices like optimizing pumps and treatment processes, installing variable frequency drives, improving lighting and HVAC systems, and promoting water conservation. The document provides numerous case studies and recommendations in areas like management tools, plant improvements, water treatment, distribution, and alternative energy sources.
This document summarizes water use and conservation potential in the institutional and commercial (ICI) sector in Texas. It finds that the ICI sector accounts for 30% of municipal water use and could reduce usage by 30% through technologies like high-efficiency fixtures, smart irrigation, and rainwater harvesting. This would save an estimated 167 billion gallons annually, equivalent to 35% of storage in the Highland Lakes. The energy savings from reduced water usage would be enough to power over 3 universities. However, barriers like varying performance data and a lack of state guidance limit greater ICI conservation. Solutions proposed include developing best practice guidelines, mandatory restrictions, more education, and revised water rates.
Watersmart innovations 2010 cost of capacityTroy Aichele
The document compares the costs of various methods of increasing water and sewer capacity. It provides examples of costs to build new water wells, water treatment plants, sewer plants, and conservation methods. The cost per additional gallon of capacity varies widely between methods, from $7.80 per gallon for high efficiency shower heads to over $50 per gallon for pint urinals or desalination plants. Conservation methods generally have lower per-gallon costs than developing new infrastructure sources. Time frames to implement different options also range from months for conservation to over 5 years for large infrastructure projects.
This document discusses a partnership between Thames Water and Action for the River Kennet (ARK) to promote water efficiency in the River Kennet catchment area. The partnership aims to reduce water demand through ARK's "Water Matters" school program, Thames Water's "Smarter Home Visits" which provide water saving devices and leak fixes, and joint community engagement efforts. In 2016/17 the program engaged over 1,600 children through school workshops and delivered 16,000 smarter home visits in the Oxford and Newbury areas, helping to meet Thames Water's water efficiency targets while benefiting local rivers and wildlife. The partnership looks to expand its catchment management approach to include customer behavior change and other initiatives.
Dr. Gregory Thoma - Pork’s Carbon FootprintJohn Blue
Pork’s Carbon Footprint - Dr. Gregory Thoma, professor, agriculture chemical engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, from the Minnesota Pork Congress, January 20-21, 2010, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
The document provides an update on California's ongoing drought from the Water Planning Committee. It summarizes the state's record-setting drought conditions, including low reservoir levels and snowpack. While winter precipitation is predicted to be near or above normal, drought recovery will be slow. The document also discusses ongoing drought response activities like water use monitoring and compliance with state emergency regulations.
The document summarizes a presentation about the Pure Water program in San Diego. It discusses how the program will provide over 1/3 of the city's water supply through an advanced water purification process. It will treat wastewater from three plants and deliver it to local reservoirs by 2035. This creates a sustainable local water source and reduces reliance on imported water, whose costs have risen significantly. The program is supported by officials, environmental groups, and businesses as a cost-effective water solution for San Diego.
This document summarizes LADWP's water and energy systems. It outlines LADWP's various water sources including the Los Angeles Aqueduct, Colorado River Aqueduct, State Water Project, and local groundwater. It discusses strategies to increase sustainability, such as water conservation programs, stormwater capture, and increasing the use of recycled water. It also discusses sustainable strategies for LADWP's power system, including achieving renewable energy and energy efficiency targets. Finally, it analyzes the energy use and carbon emissions associated with different water sources and conveyance systems, finding that local sources have lower energy impacts.
This document summarizes a research report on the causes of declining residential water sales for the Louisville Water Company. The key findings are:
1) Residential water usage per customer has declined 20% since 1988, forcing the company to raise rates.
2) Several factors may be contributing to lower usage, including wetter weather, fewer people per household, and more water-efficient appliances.
3) Preliminary analysis found at least one-third of the decline is due to fewer people per household. Outdoor water use is also impacted by weather conditions.
This document summarizes the energy utility perspective on water and energy in California. It discusses how water represents nearly 20% of the state's electricity consumption and how energy costs are a major portion of water agency budgets. It also outlines California policies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions through water and energy savings. The document describes Southern California Edison's initiatives to identify cost-effective water and energy efficiency opportunities through programs like leak detection, pump testing, and demand response. It emphasizes the importance of continued collaboration between energy and water entities to achieve shared objectives around safety, reliability, affordability, and addressing infrastructure and environmental challenges.
Potential waste, water, and energy savings were identified for hotel properties in Minnesota. Average resource use footprints and benchmarks were generated after analysis of utility bill data.
This document describes a study that analyzed the impact of water management policies, agricultural policy reforms, and climate change on irrigation management and maize production in a region of Spain. It used models to simulate crop growth under different climate and policy scenarios, and to optimize irrigation scheduling and economic returns. The study found that climate change was predicted to increase irrigation needs and negatively impact profits, while medium levels of irrigation system modernization could help adapt to these new challenges.
This document summarizes Mary Ann Casas' capstone project on implementing sustainability improvements at the Kappa Delta sorority house at the University of Florida. The project focused on completing low-cost, high impact upgrades to increase energy and water efficiency and create a healthier environment. Specific projects included installing LED lights, low-flow showerheads, "smart" power strips, green cleaning supplies, and educating residents on recycling and composting. Metrics tracked included utility costs and energy usage, which both decreased after upgrades. The document outlines the LEED framework used to guide the project and analyze savings. Overall the upgrades have provided ongoing cost and resource savings while benefiting the environment and occupants.
Small Council, Big Vision, Bigger Savings - AIRAH Pre-loved Buildings 2014Yale Carden
Presentation showing the incredible energy savings potential of geoexchange / ground source heat pumps for heating and cooling commercial buildings. This presentation was delivered at the AIRAH Pre-loved Buildings Conference in Brisbane, Australia in October 2014.
Titled Small Council, Big Vision, Bigger Savings, it takes the audience on the journey of this project from initial concept through to completion. It discussed both the incredible energy and dollar savings while also addresses the importance of the project team and their importance in delivering what was a truly great project.
The document summarizes the work and results of an environmental internship at CST Industries Inc., a bolted storage tank manufacturer. Over the summer, the intern completed 5 projects that identified opportunities to reduce the company's environmental impacts and costs. Key results included annual savings of 469,572 kWh of electricity, 1,229 MMBtu of natural gas, and over 2.6 million gallons of water. The estimated savings were $92,474 per year and reduced greenhouse gas emissions by 458 metric tons of CO2 equivalent. Future projects are proposed to achieve additional sustainability improvements across the facility.
The document summarizes a business plan competition presentation about a microbial fuel cell technology that can convert organic waste into electricity. The technology was presented as a solution to problems in wastewater treatment plants, which consume large amounts of energy and often operate at a loss. Interviews with potential customers in industries that produce organic waste, as well as municipal wastewater treatment plants, indicated the technology could save 60% on electricity costs. The presentation highlighted the large total market size for waste water treatment plants and noted the cross-disciplinary team and financial details were included in the business plan.
The Louisville Water Company has experienced a 20% decline in water usage per residential customer since 1988. This has forced rate increases and reduced revenues. The report studies possible causes, including wetter weather reducing outdoor use, fewer people per household, more water-efficient appliances, and many households incorrectly classified as commercial users. An econometric model suggests at least one-third of the decline is due to fewer people per household, while usage per person has remained stable. The report recommends an end use study to better understand the impacts of new appliances and distinguish indoor and outdoor usage. It also found over 44,000 housing units misclassified as commercial that should be reclassified to improve analysis of trends.
Geoexchange and Thermal Potential at GeoscienceYale Carden
The presentation discusses how utilizing thermal potential through geoexchange systems can enhance energy efficiency and productivity. Thermal potential involves using heat sources and sinks from the local environment for heating and cooling. Geoexchange transfers heat between the earth and buildings through ground heat exchangers. Case studies show geoexchange systems at St Peters College and Geoscience Australia reduced energy usage by over 50% and provided significant cost savings. Optimizing thermal energy storage and control strategies can better integrate renewable thermal and electrical energy sources to maximize efficiency.
John McHenry, Chief Scientist, Advanced Meteorological Systems, Baron Services - September 2016
UCAR Congressional Briefing
Commercial weather companies partner with research community and government agencies to develop and deploy critical weather intelligence with the goal of reducing harm to people and property. The newly deployed National Water Model has significant promise for reducing flood-related disaster risks.
This document summarizes the design of the rooftop park and water management system for the Transbay Transit Center in San Francisco. The rooftop park aims to be a fully inhabitable public space with open lawns, botanical planting, seating areas, children's play areas, and more. The water system was designed to reduce potable water usage by over 60% through graywater reuse, stormwater capture and detention, and water-efficient irrigation and fixtures. The system sets a new precedent for commercial building water reuse and has implications for reducing infrastructure costs and increasing sustainability in Silicon Valley.
Water system optimization an energy efficiency view final presentationJim Dodenhoff
This paper reviews energy efficiency projects implemented for water distribution utilities in Arizona and highlights the enhanced value proposition of combined energy-water conservation projects.
This document summarizes plans for sustainable water management at a development site in Filton Airfield, UK. The development will include 2675 homes on 144 hectares purchased by YTL, a Malaysian company. A masterplan has been approved and construction began in 2018. The project includes a strategic surface water system to capture and reuse rainwater locally. Analysis of rainfall data from weather stations will evaluate the feasibility of rainwater harvesting for non-potable uses like toilet flushing and irrigation. Modeling will also explore heat recovery from wastewater and local fertilizer production from wastewater and food waste streams. Next steps include designing an integrated rainwater collection and low-flow sewer system, modeling heat recovery potential, and determining
This document summarizes the key findings of a research project on best practices for improving energy efficiency at drinking water utilities. The project identified numerous opportunities for utilities to reduce energy use by 10-30% through practices like optimizing pumps and treatment processes, installing variable frequency drives, improving lighting and HVAC systems, and promoting water conservation. The document provides numerous case studies and recommendations in areas like management tools, plant improvements, water treatment, distribution, and alternative energy sources.
This document summarizes water use and conservation potential in the institutional and commercial (ICI) sector in Texas. It finds that the ICI sector accounts for 30% of municipal water use and could reduce usage by 30% through technologies like high-efficiency fixtures, smart irrigation, and rainwater harvesting. This would save an estimated 167 billion gallons annually, equivalent to 35% of storage in the Highland Lakes. The energy savings from reduced water usage would be enough to power over 3 universities. However, barriers like varying performance data and a lack of state guidance limit greater ICI conservation. Solutions proposed include developing best practice guidelines, mandatory restrictions, more education, and revised water rates.
The document describes a senior design project to create a sustainable pump and irrigation system for a community garden. It addresses the problems of relying on fossil fuels and long transportation for water and produce. The project goals are to design a non-electric pump and irrigation network using gravity and rainwater capture. Multiple pump designs are considered including wind, hydraulic ram, and spiral coil pumps. An irrigation system using drip lines and calculations for emitter spacing and flow rates is also presented. The design aims to be economically and environmentally sustainable with no ongoing energy costs.
This document provides details of a senior design project to create a sustainable pump and irrigation system for a community garden. It addresses the problems of the current faulty pump system and lack of irrigation network. The project goals are to design a non-electric pump and irrigation system that effectively pumps available water. The design will include a rainwater capture system, irrigation network using drip lines, and a coil pump design. Equations and costs are analyzed. The timeline outlines completing the design by the end of the semester.
This document discusses the water-energy nexus and the potential for solar power to provide sustainable solutions. It notes that water and energy demands are projected to increase significantly by 2050. Solar power technologies like concentrating solar thermal plants and photovoltaics have water footprints similar to conventional energy but use less water in some regions and cooling technologies. Most large-scale solar plants are located in water-stressed areas, so their impacts must be carefully considered. Emerging business models in India and Africa show promise in using solar pumps to power irrigation in a sustainable way, but solutions must be tailored to local contexts. Overcoming barriers like access to financing will be important to fully realize the benefits of solar irrigation.
The document discusses how water utilities can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and costs through optimizing pumping operations. It notes that water utilities are large energy users and pumping accounts for most of their energy consumption. The Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (AB 32) sets emissions reduction targets for California. Adaptive optimization software can dynamically schedule pumps for maximum efficiency, reducing energy use by 6-9% on average across various utility case studies. This leads to significant cost savings and reductions in greenhouse gas emissions to support California's climate change goals.
Green buildings : Challange in Operation and MaintenanceTejwant Navalkar
The document discusses challenges in maintaining green buildings and the need for "green maintenance" practices. It outlines current reactive maintenance practices and proposes shifting to predictive maintenance by monitoring equipment health, analyzing energy and water usage, and establishing an online complaint management system. Green maintenance practices include optimizing energy and water usage, educating staff, and exploring renewable energy sources.
Thank you, Joshua Engelking, Charlene Viger and Deb Rizzi for all your efforts in putting together such a great Lynk and Learn presentation for our employees. We had a great turn out for the event and many positive comments afterwards. I think this was one of the biggest turnouts we've had for a Lynk and Learn.
Generation Lynk will look into ways to provide more information on the topics that interest our members.
CSP Training series : solar desalination (2/2)Leonardo ENERGY
Third session of the 2nd Concentrated Solar Power Training dedicated to Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination (CSP+D).
* Suitable configurations
* The energy lost method to global water & power efficiency comparison
* Desalination integration into solar power plants: MED versus RO
* CSP+D efficiencies estimation
* CSP+D ongoing research
This document summarizes a study on improving food productivity in Sri Lanka's dry zone through conjunctive use of surface and groundwater. The study aimed to model the local groundwater system and analyze different operational policies for irrigation schemes. Key steps included selecting a study area, collecting field data, developing a mathematical model, calibrating the model, validating predictions, and analyzing scenarios like modified irrigation operations or boundary treatments. The calibrated model was able to predict future water levels with errors of -0.8% to 2.1%, allowing assessment of management options to optimize water use and agricultural productivity.
This document discusses opportunities for improving plant efficiency through optimizing recycle processes and backwashing operations at water treatment facilities. It notes that recycle optimization can reduce energy usage, waste disposal costs, and promote water conservation. Specific opportunities discussed include minimizing backwash quantity, recycling backwash water, promoting conservation, improving pump efficiency, optimizing filter backwashing, improving sludge collection, and properly designing system upgrades. Undertaking energy audits, installing variable frequency drives, and maximizing recycle quantities while minimizing waste are presented as ways to realize these efficiency improvements.
The document provides an overview of the water system and conservation programs for the City of Santa Rosa, California. It details that the city provides water and sewer services to over 52,000 connections and a population of 161,496 people. The water conservation program started in the 1970s and saves over 4,000 acre-feet of water per year. The program includes rebates for water efficient devices, irrigation audits, and a rainwater catchment rebate program. Two case studies are presented that show residential properties reducing their water usage by installing rainwater harvesting systems along with other water efficiency upgrades.
This webinar in the Water business’ Essential Insights series discusses approaches to energy efficiency and resource recovery, including industry initiatives, innovations and case studies.
Similar to AGU2014: Coupling residential end use and utility water energy models (20)
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as t...vijaykumar292010
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as the Directive 2002/95/EC. It includes the restrictions for the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. RoHS is a WEEE (Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment).
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
AGU2014: Coupling residential end use and utility water energy models
1. COUPLING RESIDENTIAL END USE
AND UTILITY WATER-ENERGY MODELS
by Alvar Escriva-Bou, Jay R. Lund, Manuel Pulido-Velazquez, Edward Spang and Frank Loge
ALVAR ESCRIVA-BOU
alesbou@gmail.com
@alesbou
notjustwater.wordpress.com
AGU 2014 FALL MEETING SAN FRANCISCO, DECEMBER 15TH 2014
3. OUTLINE
• Residential Water-Energy-CO2 optimization
model.
Household minimize their bills and conservation costs
facing water and energy price shocks.
• Utility-scale hourly Water-Energy simulation
model.
Based on actual data we build a model that can simulate
demand changes.
3
4. RESIDENTIAL END-USE OPTIMIZATION MODEL
• Based on a previous water-energy-
GHG assessment
study.
• Using probability
distribution functions based
on a water end-use survey.
• 10,000 MC simulations for
10 different cities in CA.
4
5. Water
The economics behind the model: Demand
Energy
Uo
Indoor hot water
Indoor cold water
Outdoor water
Air conditioned
Appliances
Space heating
Water heating
Complementarity
0
1
2
qw0 qw2 qw1
qE1
qE0
qE2
5
6. DEMAND: CONSERVATION ACTIONS
6
• Each household has a set of available actions:
– Long-term: Retrofits.
– Short-term: Behavioral.
• Each action has:
– Cost.
• Annualized costs for retrofits.
• Hassle costs on a daily basis for behavioral changes.
– Effectiveness (Water or energy savings).
16. Results: Own- and cross-price
elasticities (averages)
16
• Water own-price elasticity Ɛww = -0.05
• Energy own-price elasticity Ɛee = -0.03
• Energy water-price elasticity Ɛew = -0.02
• Water energy-price elasticity Ɛwe = -0.004
• Own-price values are relatively low.
• Water price affects energy consumption more than energy price
affects water use.
• Literature about cross-price elasticities reviewed: Only 1 paper!!
Lars Garn Hansen (Land Economics, 1996) obtained a Ɛwe = -0.2,
but none obtained Ɛew.
17. UTILITY-SCALE HOURLY WATER-ENERGY SIMULATION MODEL
• Based on a real data from
EBMUD water utility.
• We select a only a part that
represents 27% of total
EBMUD water use.
• We want to simulate real
operation to obtain results
for different scenarios.
17
18. EBMUD: Selected scheme of study
WTP
WWTP
PP
PP
PP
Leland
Pop. ≈ 130,000
6,391 MG/year
Elevation:
150 feet – 45 m
Danville
Pop. ≈ 75,000
3661 MG/year
Elevation:
350 feet – 107 m
San Ramon
Pop. ≈ 150,000
7553 MG/year
Elevation:
550 feet – 168 m
Pardee and
Camanche Reservoirs
Total Supply:
17604 MG/year
(out of 64868 MG/year)
18
19. Assembling the model
Water users Water utility
19
Total Annual
Water Use
Energy Utility
Hourly water
demand
Hourly water
supply
Water-related
energy
GHG
Emissions
Shares of use by
customer category
Indoor vs. Outdoor
Hourly distribution
of end uses
Irrigation
Necessities (P-ET)
Pumping and
treatment
patterns
Water regulation
Water treatment
Pumping and
distribution
Wastewater
treatment
Water-related
energy
Regressions
and pumping
patterns
End-uses
energy
intensity
20. Some Results: Energy break down
20
• Annual water use: 17,604 MG/year
• Annual energy use: 558,000 MWh/year
• Energy Intensity: 31.7 MWh/MG
• Water utility energy cost: $3,355,451
21. Simulating scenarios
21
• Scenario 1: Residential optimal conservation
• Annual water use: 16,541 MG/year (-6%)
• Reduction Energy Use: 36,940 MWh/year (-6.6%)
• Water utility energy savings: $115,493 (3.5%)
• GHG savings: 7023 metric tons / year (93.5%
residential and 6.5% Utility)
22. Simulating scenarios
22
• Scenario 2: Peak shaving
• Outdoor consumption shift to off-peak hours
• The same water and energy use (but different
hours)
• Water utility energy savings: $51,023 (1.5%)
• Energy utility benefits: ??? But some!
23. TAKE HOME MESSAGES
• Increased water (and water-related energy
and GHG emissions) conservation when
energy is included.
• Most of water-related energy is from water
heating in households.
• There are gains for water and energy utilities
working together.
23
24. Thanks ;)
ALVAR ESCRIVA-BOU
alesbou@gmail.com
@alesbou
notjustwater.wordpress.com
AGU 2014 FALL MEETING SAN FRANCISCO, DECEMBER 15TH 2014