1412
� 2015 by JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH, Inc. ● Vol. 41 ● April 2015
All rights reserved. 0093-5301/2015/4106-0005$10.00. DOI: 10.1086/680089
Doing Well by Doing Good: The Benevolent
Halo of Corporate Social Responsibility
ALEXANDER CHERNEV
SEAN BLAIR
Corporate social responsibility is commonly viewed solely as a tool for enhancing
company reputations and engendering goodwill among customers. In contrast, this
research shows that the impact of corporate social responsibility can extend beyond
public relations and customer goodwill to influence the way consumers evaluate
a company’s products. Specifically, this research documents that acts of social
goodwill—even when they are unrelated to the company’s core business, as in
the case of charitable giving—can alter product perceptions, such that products
of companies engaged in prosocial activities are perceived as performing better.
More important, the data show that inferences drawn from a company’s prosocial
actions are strong enough to alter the product evaluations even when consumers
can directly observe and experience the product. The data further show that this
effect is a function of the moral undertone of the company’s motivation for engaging
in socially responsible behavior and is attenuated when consumers believe that the
company’s behavior is driven by self-interest rather than by benevolence. By doc-
umenting that social goodwill can benefit consumer perceptions of product perfor-
mance, these findings show that doing good can indeed translate into doing well.
I n the past decade, there has been an unprecedented surgein company involvement in socially responsible activities,
such as charitable giving, focused on promoting various
social causes unrelated to the company’s core business. De-
spite this upswing in corporate social responsibility, socially
responsible programs have been viewed almost exclusively
as a tool for enhancing reputations and engendering good-
will among customers. This view raises the question of
whether the impact of socially responsible activities is in-
deed limited to a company’s reputation or whether it extends
beyond public relations and customer goodwill to influence
the way consumers evaluate a company’s products.
Managers’ beliefs about the impact of socially responsible
activities on perceived product performance converge on
the idea that corporate social responsibility programs are
unlikely to benefit the company above and beyond their
potential to strengthen reputations and mitigate corporate
Alexander Chernev is a professor of marketing ([email protected]
.edu) and Sean Blair ([email protected]) is a PhD can-
didate, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, 2001
Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208. Both authors contributed equally to
this research. This research was supported by MSI Research Grant 4-1731.
Laura Peracchio and Darren Dahl served as editors and James Burroughs
served as associate editor for this article.
Elect ...
Social responsibility - adding value to organization's reputationPECB
This document discusses how social responsibility can add value to an organization's reputation. It begins by defining social responsibility according to ISO 26000 as an organization's responsibility for the impacts of its decisions and activities on society and the environment. The document then outlines some of the key benefits social responsibility can provide to an organization, including enhancing reputation, improving competitiveness, and strengthening stakeholder relationships. It concludes that adopting social responsibility as a core business strategy can bring benefits such as enhanced brand image and reputation, increased public trust, risk minimization, employee engagement, and improved financial performance.
Building Corporate Associations Consumer Attributions for CVannaSchrader3
This document summarizes two studies examining consumer attributions for corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs. The first exploratory study found that consumers attributed a complex range of motives to CSR efforts, not simply altruistic or self-interested motives. Some attributed both other-oriented and self-interested motives, viewing the company's motives as mixed. The second study developed a measure of four attribution types and found that attributions varied based on the CSR offer and mediated the impact on purchase intent. The studies suggest consumers are capable of more nuanced assessments of company motives for CSR than traditionally believed.
1) The document discusses a study that examines the effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and electronic word of mouth (E-WOM) on customer loyalty, with corporate image as an intervening variable.
2) Using a sample of 180 respondents, the study found that CSR had no significant direct effect on customer loyalty, while E-WOM and corporate image both had a positive direct effect.
3) The study also found that corporate image acted as an intervening variable in the indirect relationship between CSR and customer loyalty. However, the indirect effect of E-WOM on customer loyalty through corporate image was not greater than its direct effect.
The effect of CSR content and media on reputation and stakeholder communicati...Vera Engelbertink
This document provides an abstract and introduction for a master's thesis that examines the effect of CSR content and media on corporate reputation and stakeholder communication. Specifically, it aims to understand how intrinsic, extrinsic, and combined CSR messages as well as different media types influence a company's reputation and stakeholders' willingness to share or react to CSR messages. The introduction provides background on CSR and discusses how communicating CSR can have both positive and negative effects depending on stakeholders' perceptions of a company's motives. It proposes examining these concepts through an online experiment testing different message types and media on reputation and secondary communication outcomes.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
1) The document discusses how consumer online feedback can impact company reputation and sales. It conducted a survey of 123 people to understand the effect of online feedback.
2) The results found that over 50% of people seek references from social networks, showing the influence of feedback. Most participants were brand conscious.
3) It was concluded that online feedback and social media are important tools for businesses to build reputation, boost sales, and gain customer loyalty through better understanding consumer perspectives. Regular feedback allows companies to improve marketing strategies.
MSLGROUP Reputation Impact Indicator Study 2015MSL
The document describes a study conducted by MSLGROUP to develop a new framework for understanding corporate reputation using both intuitive and rational dimensions, surveying over 26,000 people in 10 countries about their perceptions of leading companies and analyzing social media content, in order to provide insights into drivers of reputation across industries and regions.
Social responsibility - adding value to organization's reputationPECB
This document discusses how social responsibility can add value to an organization's reputation. It begins by defining social responsibility according to ISO 26000 as an organization's responsibility for the impacts of its decisions and activities on society and the environment. The document then outlines some of the key benefits social responsibility can provide to an organization, including enhancing reputation, improving competitiveness, and strengthening stakeholder relationships. It concludes that adopting social responsibility as a core business strategy can bring benefits such as enhanced brand image and reputation, increased public trust, risk minimization, employee engagement, and improved financial performance.
Building Corporate Associations Consumer Attributions for CVannaSchrader3
This document summarizes two studies examining consumer attributions for corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs. The first exploratory study found that consumers attributed a complex range of motives to CSR efforts, not simply altruistic or self-interested motives. Some attributed both other-oriented and self-interested motives, viewing the company's motives as mixed. The second study developed a measure of four attribution types and found that attributions varied based on the CSR offer and mediated the impact on purchase intent. The studies suggest consumers are capable of more nuanced assessments of company motives for CSR than traditionally believed.
1) The document discusses a study that examines the effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and electronic word of mouth (E-WOM) on customer loyalty, with corporate image as an intervening variable.
2) Using a sample of 180 respondents, the study found that CSR had no significant direct effect on customer loyalty, while E-WOM and corporate image both had a positive direct effect.
3) The study also found that corporate image acted as an intervening variable in the indirect relationship between CSR and customer loyalty. However, the indirect effect of E-WOM on customer loyalty through corporate image was not greater than its direct effect.
The effect of CSR content and media on reputation and stakeholder communicati...Vera Engelbertink
This document provides an abstract and introduction for a master's thesis that examines the effect of CSR content and media on corporate reputation and stakeholder communication. Specifically, it aims to understand how intrinsic, extrinsic, and combined CSR messages as well as different media types influence a company's reputation and stakeholders' willingness to share or react to CSR messages. The introduction provides background on CSR and discusses how communicating CSR can have both positive and negative effects depending on stakeholders' perceptions of a company's motives. It proposes examining these concepts through an online experiment testing different message types and media on reputation and secondary communication outcomes.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
1) The document discusses how consumer online feedback can impact company reputation and sales. It conducted a survey of 123 people to understand the effect of online feedback.
2) The results found that over 50% of people seek references from social networks, showing the influence of feedback. Most participants were brand conscious.
3) It was concluded that online feedback and social media are important tools for businesses to build reputation, boost sales, and gain customer loyalty through better understanding consumer perspectives. Regular feedback allows companies to improve marketing strategies.
MSLGROUP Reputation Impact Indicator Study 2015MSL
The document describes a study conducted by MSLGROUP to develop a new framework for understanding corporate reputation using both intuitive and rational dimensions, surveying over 26,000 people in 10 countries about their perceptions of leading companies and analyzing social media content, in order to provide insights into drivers of reputation across industries and regions.
This document summarizes a study on corporate reputation among the global public conducted by MSLGROUP. The study found that a company's reputation is primarily driven by perceptions of its products/services and business behavior. There are also differences across industries and regions. A strong "Mind Space" where the public easily associates a company with positive ideas is key to robust reputation. The findings provide insight into drivers of reputation for some well-known global brands.
This document is a student paper on the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the average consumer's buying behavior. It was written by Hong Kha Le for the Hochschule Fresenius Köln in Germany. The paper defines CSR and the average consumer. It then reviews research showing that CSR activities can positively influence consumer purchasing decisions. However, the paper notes that more research is still needed, as surveys may overstate the impact of CSR due to social desirability bias and many studies are outdated.
This document discusses ethics, social responsibility, and sustainability in business strategy. It provides Starbucks as an example of a company that exemplifies these values. It explains that ethics play a critical role in business success by influencing public image, policies, and strategy measurements. Social responsibility is important for treating stakeholders ethically and improving quality of life. Sustainability can influence how a company identifies issues, gathers research, and implements priorities. Starbucks emphasizes green coffee and supports Ethos Water to increase access to clean drinking water.
Analysis of the effects of economic corporate social responsibility on financ...inventionjournals
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect economic corporate social responsibility on Financial performance. The study was guided by the following objectives: To analyze the effect of innovational CSR cost on financial performance, to examine the effect of social quality practices spending on financial performance ,to find out the effect of corporate entrepreneurship spending on financial performance and to examine the effect of financial literacy expenditure CSR on financial The study was guided by Stakeholders theory, Shareholder theory and Shareholder-Based Financial Performance theory. This study used quantitative research approaches. Quantitative research is generally associated. Collecting and converting data into numerical form so that statistical calculations can be made and conclusions drawn. This study will employ descriptive research design. The target population used was 100 and sampling procedure used was stratified. The study used primary (collected using questionnaires) and secondary data (trend analysis). To test the validity of the research instruments the questionnaires prepared and submitted to the supervisor and other research experts. In order to test the reliability of the instrument used in this study, the researcher used test retest method. Descriptive and inferential statistics method was used for data analysis and interpretation regression model was used to analyze the effect between variables. The study recommended that companies should ensure effective sustainability programs which include social responsibility, They should also ensure effective social programs are accomplished through cause-related marketing and corporate philanthropy, they should also create initiative which has beneficial relationship between the corporation and society, they should also should ensure corporate governance which is the framework of rules and practices by which a board of directors and embrace accountability, fairness, and transparency in a company's relationship with its stakeholders. For further research the study suggests that more studies should be done on economic social responsibility and corporate governance, economic social responsibility and financial literacy.
1216 March 2021Michelle, thorough review of how CSR actBenitoSumpter862
1
2
16 March 2021
Michelle, thorough review of how CSR actions can be applied to the value chain elements and principles in action. Thank you for the ample detail and precision of your report.
· Again: Part 2 of the report does NOT apply the elements of critical thinking shown in the module announcements and the faculty connect presentation. The critical thinking factors are not applied to the ref sources, as directed.
· The ref list still needs attention to format. Look at the reviewed paper attached to note basic errors and adjust.
Revise the paper and submit again when ready.
---JPH
Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Value Chain Management
Michelle Freeman
Purdue University Global
GB570M2
Professor, Jerry Haenisch
March 11, 2021
The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Value Chain Management
Corporate social responsibility entails how companies integrate environmental and social factors to their operations and ensure the integration is beneficial to the stakeholders. Value chain management involves integration of the company resources at all stages by maintaining the highest value. There are six key areas of social responsibility in supply chain management. They include organizational practices, environment practices, practices of human rights and working conditions, practices of occupational health and safety and practices to create relationship with the society (Crifo & Forget, 2015). Corporate social responsibilities employed by the company can create competitive advantage where the integration of resources is properly practiced maintaining highest standards. It is an important part of the corporate actions to society.
The effective management of corporate social responsibility engagements and programs creates a strong reputation and promotes employee loyalty to the company. Valuable partnerships arise through good practice of corporate social responsibility hence creating a good competitive advantage for the company (Hsueh, 2015). Companies adopt different approaches to corporate social responsibility that integrate their social and environmental policies systematically into their business strategies. The adopted approaches should match their policies to the organization’s decisions when engaging with their stakeholders.
The value seeking approach advocates for companies to close links with their stakeholders and persuade them to adopt and integrate the social and environmental policies to their business processes. Corporate social responsibility is important in determining to what extent values of the company are considered in making purchase decisions (Bair & Palpacuer, 2015). The company’s reputation which is expressed through the corporate social responsibility activities has proved to be of great importance in well developed economies. Companies utilize corporate social responsibility strategies to create competitive advantage through their values and how they influence customers purchasing decisions.
Compan ...
1216 March 2021Michelle, thorough review of how CSR actCicelyBourqueju
1
2
16 March 2021
Michelle, thorough review of how CSR actions can be applied to the value chain elements and principles in action. Thank you for the ample detail and precision of your report.
· Again: Part 2 of the report does NOT apply the elements of critical thinking shown in the module announcements and the faculty connect presentation. The critical thinking factors are not applied to the ref sources, as directed.
· The ref list still needs attention to format. Look at the reviewed paper attached to note basic errors and adjust.
Revise the paper and submit again when ready.
---JPH
Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Value Chain Management
Michelle Freeman
Purdue University Global
GB570M2
Professor, Jerry Haenisch
March 11, 2021
The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Value Chain Management
Corporate social responsibility entails how companies integrate environmental and social factors to their operations and ensure the integration is beneficial to the stakeholders. Value chain management involves integration of the company resources at all stages by maintaining the highest value. There are six key areas of social responsibility in supply chain management. They include organizational practices, environment practices, practices of human rights and working conditions, practices of occupational health and safety and practices to create relationship with the society (Crifo & Forget, 2015). Corporate social responsibilities employed by the company can create competitive advantage where the integration of resources is properly practiced maintaining highest standards. It is an important part of the corporate actions to society.
The effective management of corporate social responsibility engagements and programs creates a strong reputation and promotes employee loyalty to the company. Valuable partnerships arise through good practice of corporate social responsibility hence creating a good competitive advantage for the company (Hsueh, 2015). Companies adopt different approaches to corporate social responsibility that integrate their social and environmental policies systematically into their business strategies. The adopted approaches should match their policies to the organization’s decisions when engaging with their stakeholders.
The value seeking approach advocates for companies to close links with their stakeholders and persuade them to adopt and integrate the social and environmental policies to their business processes. Corporate social responsibility is important in determining to what extent values of the company are considered in making purchase decisions (Bair & Palpacuer, 2015). The company’s reputation which is expressed through the corporate social responsibility activities has proved to be of great importance in well developed economies. Companies utilize corporate social responsibility strategies to create competitive advantage through their values and how they influence customers purchasing decisions.
Compan ...
I wanted to share some insight on one of the most challenging aspects of Grant Making. Measuring outcomes has proven to be challenging, but there is away to accomplish your goals to make the world a better place. Salesforce has put together a deck that allows stakeholders in this space the ability to develop a roadmap for success with the ability to iterate on those measurements to consistently improve outcomes.
Corporate social-and-financial-performance-an-extended-stakeholder-theory-and...Jan Ahmed
This document summarizes a research article that empirically analyzes the relationship between corporate social performance (CSP) and corporate financial performance (CFP). The study extends stakeholder theory by considering stakeholder heterogeneity and incorporating insights from prospect theory. It analyzes a panel dataset of S&P 500 companies from 1997-2002 that includes disaggregated measures of CSP. The study finds that a reputation for CSP is more strongly related to CFP for secondary stakeholders than primary stakeholders. It also finds that the negative impact of bad CSP on CFP is larger than the positive impact of good CSP, due to prospect theory's concept of losses looming larger than gains. The study contributes to research by taking a more nuanced view of how different
Running head SELECTING RESEARCH DIRECTION AND QUESTIONS1SELE.docxtodd521
Running head: SELECTING RESEARCH DIRECTION AND QUESTIONS 1
SELECTING RESEARCH DIRECTION AND QUESTIONS 11
Selecting Research Direction and Questions
Name:
Instructor:
Institutional Affiliation:
Article I Journal Title: Achieving consumer trust on Twitter via CSR communication
The research seeks to establish means that can be used by companies to relay information on corporate social responsibility on social media platforms particularly twitter in an effective manner. It suggests that the involvement of the consumers and the consumer’s own processing mechanisms have a very vital role in so far as an evaluation of the trustworthiness of the companies is concerned.
The topic explored is very relevant since we have seen a continuous trend where various organizations are becoming more and more under pressure when it comes to communicating organizational policies and organizational positions as pertains to corporate social responsibility (CSR). Every market segment needs to be informed about the organization’s good intentions as well as actions so as to have an impression that the corporation is trustworthy. This implies that the market demand that their corporations engage them through dialogue. Notably, the existing academic literature does not have empirical research that seeks to examine impact of asymmetric versus symmetric communication strategies to the consumers.
Research Questions
i. Which strategies have corporations used in communication with their stakeholders about social corporate responsibility initiatives?
ii. Which of the two communication strategies, asymmetric communication and symmetric communication is more effective?
iii. What is the role of stakeholder’s personal information processing mechanisms when it comes to evaluation of trustworthiness of corporations?
Hypothesis
The first hypothesis (H1) states: Asymmetric vs. symmetric CSR communication strategies will have differing impacts on consumer trust in the organization. The second hypothesis (H2) states: Consumer trust is higher among the consumers with high involvement (those being a “green” consumer in symmetric communication.
Considering the hypotheses, it clearly emerges that they are closely linked to the study questions. The formulated questions point into integrated communication approach as used in organizations with particular attention being paid to the relevance of the communication approached to corporate social responsibility. They further go on to address and draw parallels between innovative approaches such as symmetric and asymmetric communication techniques and their impacts on the stakeholders. The above are further captured in the hypotheses especially when we look at the consumer concerns about an organization’s initiatives on social corporate responsibility. For instance, scepticism green consumers have on CSR been capture by H2. Generally, green consumers are very much conscious about the environmental impacts of their purchase as we.
7FNCE044W Predictive Analysis For Decision Making.docxsdfghj21
The document discusses corporate social responsibility and its relationship to financial returns. It begins by defining corporate social responsibility and explaining its potential benefits, such as an enhanced reputation and attracting investments. It then reviews existing literature on the topic, finding inconsistent results about the influence of CSR on returns. Some studies found a positive relationship, some found a negative relationship, and some found no significant relationship. The document aims to help establish the influence of specific CSR measures, like CSR score, social risk impact, governance, and environmental impact, on the returns of the FTSE100 index firms.
11.vol 0003www.iiste.org call for paper no 2 pp 180-201Alexander Decker
This document discusses corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives of major fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) companies in India. It begins with an abstract that notes CSR initiatives in India typically focus on environment, health, education, community welfare, and women's empowerment. It then provides context on CSR frameworks and ratings. Major Indian FMCG companies like Hindustan Unilever are highlighted as doing work in areas like CO2 reduction. The Karmayog CSR rating system is discussed as a way to evaluate companies' CSR performance. Appendices provide more details on the top three Indian FMCG companies' overall CSR initiatives.
Corporate Social and FinancialPerformance An Extended.docxrichardnorman90310
Corporate Social and Financial
Performance: An Extended
Stakeholder Theory, and Empirical
Test with Accounting Measures
Gerwin Van der Laan
Hans Van Ees
Arjen Van Witteloostuijn
ABSTRACT. Although agreement on the positive sign
of the relationship between corporate social and financial
performance is observed in the literature, the mechanisms
that constitute this relationship are not yet well-known.
We address this issue by extending management�s stake-
holder theory by adding insights from psychology�s
prospect decision theory and sociology�s resource
dependence theory. Empirically, we analyze an extensive
panel dataset, including information on disaggregated
measures of social performance for the S&P 500 in the
1997–2002 period. In so doing, we enrich the extant
literature by focusing on stakeholder heterogeneity, per-
ceptional framing, and disaggregated measures of corpo-
rate social performance.
KEY WORDS: panel data analysis, prospect decision
theory, resource dependence theory, social responsibility,
stakeholder theory
Introduction
Three decades of research into the relationship
between corporate social performance (CSP) and
corporate financial performance (CFP) suggest, by
and large, that corporate well-doing enhances firm
profitability (Orlitzky et al., 2003). The analyses
have remained at a fairly high level of aggregation,
giving rise to the criticism that overall measures of
CSP and CFP do not take the rich variety of
underlying determinants into account (Wood and
Jones, 1995). The current study aims to enhance the
understanding of the drivers of the relationship
between corporate social and financial performance.
For one, theoretically, we will develop hypotheses as
to the impact on the CSP–CFP relationship of
stakeholder heterogeneity and perception biases.
Additionally, empirically, we will explore an
extensive panel dataset that covers the corporations
in the S&P 500 over the 1997–2002 period,
including decomposed information about underly-
ing dimensions of corporate social performance.
More specifically, our key contribution is two-fold.
First, we analyze the effect of heterogeneity
among corporate stakeholder groups on the CSP–
CFP nexus, following Clarkson�s (1995) distinction
between primary or �private� stakeholders, and
secondary or �public� stakeholders. Wood and
Jones (1995) argued that there is a mismatch
between the variables in previous research. For
instance, employees and Greenpeace put different
emphasis on issues of labor conditions and envi-
ronmental pollution. With this critique in mind,
we explicitly incorporate more fine-grained mea-
sures of corporate social performance into our
analysis. After all, the question as to the relation-
ship between corporate social and financial per-
formance cannot be considered separate from the
analysis of how corporations interact with different
stakeholder groups that weigh the underlying CSP
dimensions differe.
Sugarcane Company’s performance has remained to be one of the challenging facts in the growing companies in Kenya today. The delays in harvesting operations are attributed to uncoordinated and unpredictable harvesting and transport schedules; and inefficiencies in mill operations. Therefore, the main aim of the study is to determine the influence of Sustainability Management Systems CSR on firm performance of selected sugarcane companies in Kenya. The study is guided by Corporate Social Performance Theory. This study used ex- post facto research design. Ex- post facto research design determines and reports the way things are. The target population was 528 employees. This study therefore sampled 228 respondents. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 10 managers, 24 supervisors, 38 accountants and 156 clerks from the 7 sugarcane companies because they have specific information concerning the effects of corporate social responsibility practice on firm performance of selected sugarcane companies in Kenya. Pilot study was done in order to test for validity and reliability of the research tools. The pilot study was done in Trans-Mara Sugar Company found in rift Valley region of Kenya. For inferential statistics, correlation and multiple regression was used for comparative analysis between frequencies of corporate social responsibility practice on firm performance. The study findings indicated that sustainability management systems have an effect on firm performance. The government will use this study in establishing policies that would ensure improvement in firm performance of sugarcane processing firms among other firms in Kenya. The study recommends that the companies should encourage sustainability management systems since sustainable management systems is an important mechanism for improving corporate sustainability performance. It can generate business value through measurement and management of sustainability risks and opportunities. The study recommends further researchers to study on corporate social responsibility strategy and financial performance of firms in Kenya which the study didn’t cover.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
1. The document discusses organizational commitment and the importance of building trust between employees to increase motivation, organizational citizenship behavior, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction. It states that strong work relationships built on trust will encourage loyalty to the organization and its goals.
2. It also discusses different dimensions of information systems and supply chain management practices that can impact company performance, and the need to integrate various supply chain practices to improve performance.
3. Additionally, it covers the importance of motivation for employees to willingly perform their tasks and help the organization achieve its objectives. It identifies key regulators and motivators that must be balanced to increase job satisfaction, such as work environment, compensation, personal development, and a sense of belonging.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) involves businesses operating responsibly by considering how their actions affect various stakeholders and society. Madventurer provides community development expeditions that allow companies to engage in CSR through employee volunteering. Volunteering is an important part of CSR as it gives employees the opportunity to directly help those in need while strengthening the positive impact of a company's donations.
A stakeholder approach to corporate social responsibility, reputation and bus...Shifur Rahman
A stakeholder approach to corporate
social responsibility, reputation and
business performance
A research paper based presentation. The paper is available through the link mentioned below............
http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30073833
The document summarizes key findings from a study on social media use in the workplace and its impact on employee attitudes and behaviors. Some of the main findings include:
1) Employees who feel they can communicate openly, participate in decisions, and feel valued showed greater trust, satisfaction, loyalty and motivation compared to those who did not. Simply allowing social media use did not have as large an impact as these cultural factors.
2) Different corporate functions like marketing, communications, management and HR had differing views on factors like trust, satisfaction and pride in the workplace.
3) An individual's level in the company was not related to their social media use at work.
Managerial perceptions on corporate social responsibility in select companies...inventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
CASE STUDY COMMENTARY• Individual written task in Harvard sty.docxmoggdede
CASE STUDY COMMENTARY
• Individual written task in Harvard style format, cover page, table of contents, blocked text and reference list.
• The student must build a coherent discussion or argument in essay format, analyzing theories and models. Ethical theories, legal cases and case studies may be referred to when providing examples. Cite all sources.
• Students must write in complete sentences and develop paragraphs. No bullet points are allowed. Provide spacing between the sentences.
• Prepare and Introduction, Body, and Conclusion paragraphs.
• Sources must be used, identified, and properly cited.
• Format: PDF submitted through Turnitin
• The answers should analyse the following based on the case study provided with this task below the Rubrics:
1. Identify and explain the relevant parties in this case study?
2. Identify and explain in order the ethical issues related to each party involved in this case study? Cite your sources.
3. What ethical theories can each party use to support their behavior or decisions? Cite your sources.
4. Identify and discuss the points of law raised in the case? Cite your sources.
5. Identify and explain an additional case that supports or differentiates this case/situation.
Case study:
Cyber Harassment
In many ways, social media platforms have created great benefits for our societies by expanding and diversifying the ways people communicate with each other, and yet these platforms also have the power to cause harm. Posting hurtful messages about other people is a form of harassment known as cyberbullying. Some acts of cyberbullying may not only be considered slanderous, but also lead to serious consequences. In 2010, Rutgers University student Tyler Clementi jumped to his death a few days after his roommate used a webcam to observe and tweet about Tyler’s sexual encounter with another man. Jane Clementi, Tyler’s mother, stated, “In this digital world, we need to teach our youngsters that their actions have consequences, that their words have real power to hurt or to help. They must be encouraged to choose to build people up and not tear them down.”
In 2013, Idalia Hernández Ramos, a middle school teacher in Mexico, was a victim of cyber harassment. After discovering that one of her students tweeted that the teacher was a “bitch” and a “whore,” Hernández confronted the girl during a lesson on social media etiquette. Inquiring why the girl would post such hurtful messages that could harm the teacher’s reputation, the student meekly replied that she was upset at the time. The teacher responded that she was very upset by the student’s actions. Demanding a public apology in front of the class, Hernández stated that she would not allow “young brats” to call her those names. Hernández uploaded a video of this confrontation online, attracting much attention.
While Hernández was subject to cyber harassment, some felt she went too far by confronting the student in the classroom.
Case Study Chapter 5 100 wordsTranscultural Nursing in the.docxmoggdede
Case Study Chapter 5
100 words
Transcultural Nursing in the Community Community health clients belong to a variety of cultural groups. To gain acceptance, nurses must strive to introduce improved health practices that are presented in a manner consistent with clients’ cultural values. The student nurse is going to visit two different homes with the community health nurse with different cultural beliefs. 1. In preparation for the student nurse’s visits to two different homes, what five transcultural principles will assist in guiding community health nursing practice in these settings? 2. During the first visit, the student nurse has to conduct a cultural assessment by questioning the patient and observing the family dynamics. The community health nurse has requested that the student nurse assess for appropriate information in six major areas. What six major areas should the student nurse consider? 3. After the conclusion of the first visit, the community health nurse cautions the student nurse to be consciously aware of any ethnocentrism attitudes toward other cultures and the importance of cultural diversity. What is ethnocentrism and why is it so important to be conscious of cultural diversity?
.
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Similar to 1412 2015 by JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH, Inc. ● Vol. 41.docx
This document summarizes a study on corporate reputation among the global public conducted by MSLGROUP. The study found that a company's reputation is primarily driven by perceptions of its products/services and business behavior. There are also differences across industries and regions. A strong "Mind Space" where the public easily associates a company with positive ideas is key to robust reputation. The findings provide insight into drivers of reputation for some well-known global brands.
This document is a student paper on the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the average consumer's buying behavior. It was written by Hong Kha Le for the Hochschule Fresenius Köln in Germany. The paper defines CSR and the average consumer. It then reviews research showing that CSR activities can positively influence consumer purchasing decisions. However, the paper notes that more research is still needed, as surveys may overstate the impact of CSR due to social desirability bias and many studies are outdated.
This document discusses ethics, social responsibility, and sustainability in business strategy. It provides Starbucks as an example of a company that exemplifies these values. It explains that ethics play a critical role in business success by influencing public image, policies, and strategy measurements. Social responsibility is important for treating stakeholders ethically and improving quality of life. Sustainability can influence how a company identifies issues, gathers research, and implements priorities. Starbucks emphasizes green coffee and supports Ethos Water to increase access to clean drinking water.
Analysis of the effects of economic corporate social responsibility on financ...inventionjournals
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect economic corporate social responsibility on Financial performance. The study was guided by the following objectives: To analyze the effect of innovational CSR cost on financial performance, to examine the effect of social quality practices spending on financial performance ,to find out the effect of corporate entrepreneurship spending on financial performance and to examine the effect of financial literacy expenditure CSR on financial The study was guided by Stakeholders theory, Shareholder theory and Shareholder-Based Financial Performance theory. This study used quantitative research approaches. Quantitative research is generally associated. Collecting and converting data into numerical form so that statistical calculations can be made and conclusions drawn. This study will employ descriptive research design. The target population used was 100 and sampling procedure used was stratified. The study used primary (collected using questionnaires) and secondary data (trend analysis). To test the validity of the research instruments the questionnaires prepared and submitted to the supervisor and other research experts. In order to test the reliability of the instrument used in this study, the researcher used test retest method. Descriptive and inferential statistics method was used for data analysis and interpretation regression model was used to analyze the effect between variables. The study recommended that companies should ensure effective sustainability programs which include social responsibility, They should also ensure effective social programs are accomplished through cause-related marketing and corporate philanthropy, they should also create initiative which has beneficial relationship between the corporation and society, they should also should ensure corporate governance which is the framework of rules and practices by which a board of directors and embrace accountability, fairness, and transparency in a company's relationship with its stakeholders. For further research the study suggests that more studies should be done on economic social responsibility and corporate governance, economic social responsibility and financial literacy.
1216 March 2021Michelle, thorough review of how CSR actBenitoSumpter862
1
2
16 March 2021
Michelle, thorough review of how CSR actions can be applied to the value chain elements and principles in action. Thank you for the ample detail and precision of your report.
· Again: Part 2 of the report does NOT apply the elements of critical thinking shown in the module announcements and the faculty connect presentation. The critical thinking factors are not applied to the ref sources, as directed.
· The ref list still needs attention to format. Look at the reviewed paper attached to note basic errors and adjust.
Revise the paper and submit again when ready.
---JPH
Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Value Chain Management
Michelle Freeman
Purdue University Global
GB570M2
Professor, Jerry Haenisch
March 11, 2021
The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Value Chain Management
Corporate social responsibility entails how companies integrate environmental and social factors to their operations and ensure the integration is beneficial to the stakeholders. Value chain management involves integration of the company resources at all stages by maintaining the highest value. There are six key areas of social responsibility in supply chain management. They include organizational practices, environment practices, practices of human rights and working conditions, practices of occupational health and safety and practices to create relationship with the society (Crifo & Forget, 2015). Corporate social responsibilities employed by the company can create competitive advantage where the integration of resources is properly practiced maintaining highest standards. It is an important part of the corporate actions to society.
The effective management of corporate social responsibility engagements and programs creates a strong reputation and promotes employee loyalty to the company. Valuable partnerships arise through good practice of corporate social responsibility hence creating a good competitive advantage for the company (Hsueh, 2015). Companies adopt different approaches to corporate social responsibility that integrate their social and environmental policies systematically into their business strategies. The adopted approaches should match their policies to the organization’s decisions when engaging with their stakeholders.
The value seeking approach advocates for companies to close links with their stakeholders and persuade them to adopt and integrate the social and environmental policies to their business processes. Corporate social responsibility is important in determining to what extent values of the company are considered in making purchase decisions (Bair & Palpacuer, 2015). The company’s reputation which is expressed through the corporate social responsibility activities has proved to be of great importance in well developed economies. Companies utilize corporate social responsibility strategies to create competitive advantage through their values and how they influence customers purchasing decisions.
Compan ...
1216 March 2021Michelle, thorough review of how CSR actCicelyBourqueju
1
2
16 March 2021
Michelle, thorough review of how CSR actions can be applied to the value chain elements and principles in action. Thank you for the ample detail and precision of your report.
· Again: Part 2 of the report does NOT apply the elements of critical thinking shown in the module announcements and the faculty connect presentation. The critical thinking factors are not applied to the ref sources, as directed.
· The ref list still needs attention to format. Look at the reviewed paper attached to note basic errors and adjust.
Revise the paper and submit again when ready.
---JPH
Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Value Chain Management
Michelle Freeman
Purdue University Global
GB570M2
Professor, Jerry Haenisch
March 11, 2021
The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Value Chain Management
Corporate social responsibility entails how companies integrate environmental and social factors to their operations and ensure the integration is beneficial to the stakeholders. Value chain management involves integration of the company resources at all stages by maintaining the highest value. There are six key areas of social responsibility in supply chain management. They include organizational practices, environment practices, practices of human rights and working conditions, practices of occupational health and safety and practices to create relationship with the society (Crifo & Forget, 2015). Corporate social responsibilities employed by the company can create competitive advantage where the integration of resources is properly practiced maintaining highest standards. It is an important part of the corporate actions to society.
The effective management of corporate social responsibility engagements and programs creates a strong reputation and promotes employee loyalty to the company. Valuable partnerships arise through good practice of corporate social responsibility hence creating a good competitive advantage for the company (Hsueh, 2015). Companies adopt different approaches to corporate social responsibility that integrate their social and environmental policies systematically into their business strategies. The adopted approaches should match their policies to the organization’s decisions when engaging with their stakeholders.
The value seeking approach advocates for companies to close links with their stakeholders and persuade them to adopt and integrate the social and environmental policies to their business processes. Corporate social responsibility is important in determining to what extent values of the company are considered in making purchase decisions (Bair & Palpacuer, 2015). The company’s reputation which is expressed through the corporate social responsibility activities has proved to be of great importance in well developed economies. Companies utilize corporate social responsibility strategies to create competitive advantage through their values and how they influence customers purchasing decisions.
Compan ...
I wanted to share some insight on one of the most challenging aspects of Grant Making. Measuring outcomes has proven to be challenging, but there is away to accomplish your goals to make the world a better place. Salesforce has put together a deck that allows stakeholders in this space the ability to develop a roadmap for success with the ability to iterate on those measurements to consistently improve outcomes.
Corporate social-and-financial-performance-an-extended-stakeholder-theory-and...Jan Ahmed
This document summarizes a research article that empirically analyzes the relationship between corporate social performance (CSP) and corporate financial performance (CFP). The study extends stakeholder theory by considering stakeholder heterogeneity and incorporating insights from prospect theory. It analyzes a panel dataset of S&P 500 companies from 1997-2002 that includes disaggregated measures of CSP. The study finds that a reputation for CSP is more strongly related to CFP for secondary stakeholders than primary stakeholders. It also finds that the negative impact of bad CSP on CFP is larger than the positive impact of good CSP, due to prospect theory's concept of losses looming larger than gains. The study contributes to research by taking a more nuanced view of how different
Running head SELECTING RESEARCH DIRECTION AND QUESTIONS1SELE.docxtodd521
Running head: SELECTING RESEARCH DIRECTION AND QUESTIONS 1
SELECTING RESEARCH DIRECTION AND QUESTIONS 11
Selecting Research Direction and Questions
Name:
Instructor:
Institutional Affiliation:
Article I Journal Title: Achieving consumer trust on Twitter via CSR communication
The research seeks to establish means that can be used by companies to relay information on corporate social responsibility on social media platforms particularly twitter in an effective manner. It suggests that the involvement of the consumers and the consumer’s own processing mechanisms have a very vital role in so far as an evaluation of the trustworthiness of the companies is concerned.
The topic explored is very relevant since we have seen a continuous trend where various organizations are becoming more and more under pressure when it comes to communicating organizational policies and organizational positions as pertains to corporate social responsibility (CSR). Every market segment needs to be informed about the organization’s good intentions as well as actions so as to have an impression that the corporation is trustworthy. This implies that the market demand that their corporations engage them through dialogue. Notably, the existing academic literature does not have empirical research that seeks to examine impact of asymmetric versus symmetric communication strategies to the consumers.
Research Questions
i. Which strategies have corporations used in communication with their stakeholders about social corporate responsibility initiatives?
ii. Which of the two communication strategies, asymmetric communication and symmetric communication is more effective?
iii. What is the role of stakeholder’s personal information processing mechanisms when it comes to evaluation of trustworthiness of corporations?
Hypothesis
The first hypothesis (H1) states: Asymmetric vs. symmetric CSR communication strategies will have differing impacts on consumer trust in the organization. The second hypothesis (H2) states: Consumer trust is higher among the consumers with high involvement (those being a “green” consumer in symmetric communication.
Considering the hypotheses, it clearly emerges that they are closely linked to the study questions. The formulated questions point into integrated communication approach as used in organizations with particular attention being paid to the relevance of the communication approached to corporate social responsibility. They further go on to address and draw parallels between innovative approaches such as symmetric and asymmetric communication techniques and their impacts on the stakeholders. The above are further captured in the hypotheses especially when we look at the consumer concerns about an organization’s initiatives on social corporate responsibility. For instance, scepticism green consumers have on CSR been capture by H2. Generally, green consumers are very much conscious about the environmental impacts of their purchase as we.
7FNCE044W Predictive Analysis For Decision Making.docxsdfghj21
The document discusses corporate social responsibility and its relationship to financial returns. It begins by defining corporate social responsibility and explaining its potential benefits, such as an enhanced reputation and attracting investments. It then reviews existing literature on the topic, finding inconsistent results about the influence of CSR on returns. Some studies found a positive relationship, some found a negative relationship, and some found no significant relationship. The document aims to help establish the influence of specific CSR measures, like CSR score, social risk impact, governance, and environmental impact, on the returns of the FTSE100 index firms.
11.vol 0003www.iiste.org call for paper no 2 pp 180-201Alexander Decker
This document discusses corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives of major fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) companies in India. It begins with an abstract that notes CSR initiatives in India typically focus on environment, health, education, community welfare, and women's empowerment. It then provides context on CSR frameworks and ratings. Major Indian FMCG companies like Hindustan Unilever are highlighted as doing work in areas like CO2 reduction. The Karmayog CSR rating system is discussed as a way to evaluate companies' CSR performance. Appendices provide more details on the top three Indian FMCG companies' overall CSR initiatives.
Corporate Social and FinancialPerformance An Extended.docxrichardnorman90310
Corporate Social and Financial
Performance: An Extended
Stakeholder Theory, and Empirical
Test with Accounting Measures
Gerwin Van der Laan
Hans Van Ees
Arjen Van Witteloostuijn
ABSTRACT. Although agreement on the positive sign
of the relationship between corporate social and financial
performance is observed in the literature, the mechanisms
that constitute this relationship are not yet well-known.
We address this issue by extending management�s stake-
holder theory by adding insights from psychology�s
prospect decision theory and sociology�s resource
dependence theory. Empirically, we analyze an extensive
panel dataset, including information on disaggregated
measures of social performance for the S&P 500 in the
1997–2002 period. In so doing, we enrich the extant
literature by focusing on stakeholder heterogeneity, per-
ceptional framing, and disaggregated measures of corpo-
rate social performance.
KEY WORDS: panel data analysis, prospect decision
theory, resource dependence theory, social responsibility,
stakeholder theory
Introduction
Three decades of research into the relationship
between corporate social performance (CSP) and
corporate financial performance (CFP) suggest, by
and large, that corporate well-doing enhances firm
profitability (Orlitzky et al., 2003). The analyses
have remained at a fairly high level of aggregation,
giving rise to the criticism that overall measures of
CSP and CFP do not take the rich variety of
underlying determinants into account (Wood and
Jones, 1995). The current study aims to enhance the
understanding of the drivers of the relationship
between corporate social and financial performance.
For one, theoretically, we will develop hypotheses as
to the impact on the CSP–CFP relationship of
stakeholder heterogeneity and perception biases.
Additionally, empirically, we will explore an
extensive panel dataset that covers the corporations
in the S&P 500 over the 1997–2002 period,
including decomposed information about underly-
ing dimensions of corporate social performance.
More specifically, our key contribution is two-fold.
First, we analyze the effect of heterogeneity
among corporate stakeholder groups on the CSP–
CFP nexus, following Clarkson�s (1995) distinction
between primary or �private� stakeholders, and
secondary or �public� stakeholders. Wood and
Jones (1995) argued that there is a mismatch
between the variables in previous research. For
instance, employees and Greenpeace put different
emphasis on issues of labor conditions and envi-
ronmental pollution. With this critique in mind,
we explicitly incorporate more fine-grained mea-
sures of corporate social performance into our
analysis. After all, the question as to the relation-
ship between corporate social and financial per-
formance cannot be considered separate from the
analysis of how corporations interact with different
stakeholder groups that weigh the underlying CSP
dimensions differe.
Sugarcane Company’s performance has remained to be one of the challenging facts in the growing companies in Kenya today. The delays in harvesting operations are attributed to uncoordinated and unpredictable harvesting and transport schedules; and inefficiencies in mill operations. Therefore, the main aim of the study is to determine the influence of Sustainability Management Systems CSR on firm performance of selected sugarcane companies in Kenya. The study is guided by Corporate Social Performance Theory. This study used ex- post facto research design. Ex- post facto research design determines and reports the way things are. The target population was 528 employees. This study therefore sampled 228 respondents. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 10 managers, 24 supervisors, 38 accountants and 156 clerks from the 7 sugarcane companies because they have specific information concerning the effects of corporate social responsibility practice on firm performance of selected sugarcane companies in Kenya. Pilot study was done in order to test for validity and reliability of the research tools. The pilot study was done in Trans-Mara Sugar Company found in rift Valley region of Kenya. For inferential statistics, correlation and multiple regression was used for comparative analysis between frequencies of corporate social responsibility practice on firm performance. The study findings indicated that sustainability management systems have an effect on firm performance. The government will use this study in establishing policies that would ensure improvement in firm performance of sugarcane processing firms among other firms in Kenya. The study recommends that the companies should encourage sustainability management systems since sustainable management systems is an important mechanism for improving corporate sustainability performance. It can generate business value through measurement and management of sustainability risks and opportunities. The study recommends further researchers to study on corporate social responsibility strategy and financial performance of firms in Kenya which the study didn’t cover.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
1. The document discusses organizational commitment and the importance of building trust between employees to increase motivation, organizational citizenship behavior, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction. It states that strong work relationships built on trust will encourage loyalty to the organization and its goals.
2. It also discusses different dimensions of information systems and supply chain management practices that can impact company performance, and the need to integrate various supply chain practices to improve performance.
3. Additionally, it covers the importance of motivation for employees to willingly perform their tasks and help the organization achieve its objectives. It identifies key regulators and motivators that must be balanced to increase job satisfaction, such as work environment, compensation, personal development, and a sense of belonging.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) involves businesses operating responsibly by considering how their actions affect various stakeholders and society. Madventurer provides community development expeditions that allow companies to engage in CSR through employee volunteering. Volunteering is an important part of CSR as it gives employees the opportunity to directly help those in need while strengthening the positive impact of a company's donations.
A stakeholder approach to corporate social responsibility, reputation and bus...Shifur Rahman
A stakeholder approach to corporate
social responsibility, reputation and
business performance
A research paper based presentation. The paper is available through the link mentioned below............
http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30073833
The document summarizes key findings from a study on social media use in the workplace and its impact on employee attitudes and behaviors. Some of the main findings include:
1) Employees who feel they can communicate openly, participate in decisions, and feel valued showed greater trust, satisfaction, loyalty and motivation compared to those who did not. Simply allowing social media use did not have as large an impact as these cultural factors.
2) Different corporate functions like marketing, communications, management and HR had differing views on factors like trust, satisfaction and pride in the workplace.
3) An individual's level in the company was not related to their social media use at work.
Managerial perceptions on corporate social responsibility in select companies...inventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Similar to 1412 2015 by JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH, Inc. ● Vol. 41.docx (20)
CASE STUDY COMMENTARY• Individual written task in Harvard sty.docxmoggdede
CASE STUDY COMMENTARY
• Individual written task in Harvard style format, cover page, table of contents, blocked text and reference list.
• The student must build a coherent discussion or argument in essay format, analyzing theories and models. Ethical theories, legal cases and case studies may be referred to when providing examples. Cite all sources.
• Students must write in complete sentences and develop paragraphs. No bullet points are allowed. Provide spacing between the sentences.
• Prepare and Introduction, Body, and Conclusion paragraphs.
• Sources must be used, identified, and properly cited.
• Format: PDF submitted through Turnitin
• The answers should analyse the following based on the case study provided with this task below the Rubrics:
1. Identify and explain the relevant parties in this case study?
2. Identify and explain in order the ethical issues related to each party involved in this case study? Cite your sources.
3. What ethical theories can each party use to support their behavior or decisions? Cite your sources.
4. Identify and discuss the points of law raised in the case? Cite your sources.
5. Identify and explain an additional case that supports or differentiates this case/situation.
Case study:
Cyber Harassment
In many ways, social media platforms have created great benefits for our societies by expanding and diversifying the ways people communicate with each other, and yet these platforms also have the power to cause harm. Posting hurtful messages about other people is a form of harassment known as cyberbullying. Some acts of cyberbullying may not only be considered slanderous, but also lead to serious consequences. In 2010, Rutgers University student Tyler Clementi jumped to his death a few days after his roommate used a webcam to observe and tweet about Tyler’s sexual encounter with another man. Jane Clementi, Tyler’s mother, stated, “In this digital world, we need to teach our youngsters that their actions have consequences, that their words have real power to hurt or to help. They must be encouraged to choose to build people up and not tear them down.”
In 2013, Idalia Hernández Ramos, a middle school teacher in Mexico, was a victim of cyber harassment. After discovering that one of her students tweeted that the teacher was a “bitch” and a “whore,” Hernández confronted the girl during a lesson on social media etiquette. Inquiring why the girl would post such hurtful messages that could harm the teacher’s reputation, the student meekly replied that she was upset at the time. The teacher responded that she was very upset by the student’s actions. Demanding a public apology in front of the class, Hernández stated that she would not allow “young brats” to call her those names. Hernández uploaded a video of this confrontation online, attracting much attention.
While Hernández was subject to cyber harassment, some felt she went too far by confronting the student in the classroom.
Case Study Chapter 5 100 wordsTranscultural Nursing in the.docxmoggdede
Case Study Chapter 5
100 words
Transcultural Nursing in the Community Community health clients belong to a variety of cultural groups. To gain acceptance, nurses must strive to introduce improved health practices that are presented in a manner consistent with clients’ cultural values. The student nurse is going to visit two different homes with the community health nurse with different cultural beliefs. 1. In preparation for the student nurse’s visits to two different homes, what five transcultural principles will assist in guiding community health nursing practice in these settings? 2. During the first visit, the student nurse has to conduct a cultural assessment by questioning the patient and observing the family dynamics. The community health nurse has requested that the student nurse assess for appropriate information in six major areas. What six major areas should the student nurse consider? 3. After the conclusion of the first visit, the community health nurse cautions the student nurse to be consciously aware of any ethnocentrism attitudes toward other cultures and the importance of cultural diversity. What is ethnocentrism and why is it so important to be conscious of cultural diversity?
.
Case Study Chapter 10 Boss, We’ve got a problemBy Kayla Cur.docxmoggdede
Case Study: Chapter 10
Boss, We’ve got a problem
By Kayla Curry
Background
Charlie Upton was the most beloved citizen of the close knit village of Summit. Everyone knew and respected Charlie. As a 17 year veteran of the police department, he was valued and admired for his unyielding care for the community. Charlie Upton gained acclaim for his heavy involvement in youth activities. He coached the boys pee-wee football team to victory in back to back seasons. He was known to get passionate about a bad call by referees. Coach Upton cared so much for his team, he generously offered to reward the team with a trip to Disney World. The man was even President of the local school board at one time. The highlight of the Christmas season was when he would dress up as a convincing Santa Claus for all of Summit’s children and visit the elementary schools.
Cont.
Charlie Upton’s popularity within Summit was unparalleled. Upton was known to rub shoulders with the Village’s elite. Primarily Village Administrator Tim Bell, whose son was star quarterback of Upton’s pee-wee team, and his own boss Police Chief Martin Owens. It was safe to say, nobody was expecting the coming scandal that would forever shake the community of Summit.
When Chief Martin Owens first heard the news, he decided to run straight to Administrator Tim Bell for direction. Highly unsettled, together they came up with a plan to combat the coming storm.
Cont.
Chief Owens and Administrator Bell called Charlie Upton into the Chief’s office and demanded an explanation to the allegations brought against him. A 12 year old boy who was being treated by a social worker for emotional problems, claimed that he had been sexual molested by none other than the Department’s beloved Charlie Upton.
When confronted with the accusations Upton replied simply, “well, there goes 17 years of police work down the drain.” Taking Upton’s non-denial as admission of guilt, Bell furiously demands he surrenders his badge and places him on unpaid leave on the spot. An outside agency would handle a 3 week investigation into the charges and in the meantime nobody outside of those three parties would know why Charlie Upton was being investigated.
Cont.
The investigation was completed and Upton was charged with criminal sexual conduct with a minor. He was immediately terminated. Against legal advice Administrator Bell refused to pay Upton’s separation pay of $26,000 in unused vacation time and sick leave.
From that point, the Village of Summit turned into a political circus:
Anticipating tough questions, Bell and Owens crafted their responses ahead of time
Pending public announcement Administrator Bell held a closed door meeting with the Council informing them that the Officer in charge of youth offenses was a child molester
Three of the Council members didn’t believe Upton would do such a thing and demanded Bell put him back in a uniform and on the streets
When the public was made aware they went int.
CASE STUDY Caregiver Role Strain Ms. Sandra A. Sandra, a 47-year-o.docxmoggdede
CASE STUDY: Caregiver Role Strain: Ms. Sandra A. Sandra, a 47-year-old divorced woman, received a diagnosis of stage 3 ovarian cancer 4 years ago, for which she had a total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo- oophorectomy, omentectomy, lymphadenectomy, and tumor debulking followed by chemotherapy, consisting of cisplatin (Platinol), paclitaxel (Taxol), and doxorubicin (Adriamycin). She did well for 2 years and then moved back to her hometown near her family and underwent three more rounds of secondline chemotherapy. She accepted a less stressful job, bought a house, renewed old friendships, and became more involved with her two sisters and their families. Sandra developed several complications, including metastasis to the lungs. Then she could no longer work, drive, or care for herself. She had been told by her oncologist that there was nothing else that could be done and that she should consider entering a hospice. She met her attorney and prepared an advance directive and completed her will. She decided to have hospice care at home and, with the help of her family, set up her first floor as a living and sleeping area. She was cared for by family members around the clock for approximately 3 days. Sandra observed that she was tiring everyone out so much that they could not really enjoy each other’s company. At this time, she contacted the Visiting Nurse Association (VNA) to seek assistance. Her plan was to try to enjoy her family and friend’s visits. After assessment, the VNA nurse prioritized her problems to include fatigue and caregiver role strain. Other potential problem areas that may need to be incorporated into the care plan include anticipatory grieving and impaired comfort.
Reflective Questions
1. What are some of the stresses on Sandra’s middle-aged sisters and their families?
2. What resources are available to manage these stresses and support the sisters while caring for their dying sister Sandra?
3. Describe Sandra’s feelings about dependency and loss of autonomy because she is unable to do her own activities of daily living any longer
.
Case Study Answers Week 7 and 8Group OneIn your grou.docxmoggdede
This document outlines case study assignments for four groups. Each group is assigned to analyze one of InFocus's four business units (Beverages, Snackfoods, Supplements, Sportswear) using the BCG matrix, GE-McKinsey matrix, and Synergy matrix. They must also provide a recommendation for what InFocus should do with that business unit. The document also provides InFocus business statistics and outlines portfolio analyses and recommendations for each business unit.
Case Study and Transition Plan TemplateCase StudyD.docxmoggdede
Case Study and Transition Plan Template
Case Study
Darren is a 17-year-old student. He is a junior at his local high school. Darren has a specific learning disability in reading. He attends the resource classroom for English classes. All other courses are in the general education setting with accommodations, modified grades (for some subjects), and push-in supports from the special education teacher at least three times per week for core courses requiring extensive reading and writing. He is currently decoding at the fifth grade reading level, but reading comprehension is at the third grade level. Fluency is at the fifth grade level.
Darren also has difficulty with written expression, and needs graphic organizers and pre-writing activities to help him develop a thesis statement and organize his written work. His handwriting is difficult to read and it takes him a long time to complete written assignments without assistive technology and software. He can be impulsive, and will sometimes miss important portions of written directions resulting in frequent errors on assignments. He frequently turns in assignments late or not at all. He needs assistance remembering to take his medication at school and at home. He has tried to pass a driver’s license exam so he can get a driver’s permit to learn how to drive. However, his impulsivity and reading ability have affected his performance and he has not been able to pass the written exam as required by the state motor vehicle department.
Darren loves cars. He can describe makes and models of practically any vehicle and describe the type of engine and standard features. He also helps his dad and older brother work on vehicles in the family’s car restoration business. Darren can wash the cars, detail the interior, and clean the windows. He has recently started doing oil changes with some supervision.
His parents are concerned about Darren’s impulsivity, his inability to remember directions, and his unrealistic views of his abilities. His mother is concerned about him needing prompts to brush his teeth, wear clean clothes, and comb his hair before leaving the house. He tends to blame others when he is not successful and makes excuses for not following through on responsibilities. His father expressed concern about Darren’s difficulty in putting tools away in the shop and cleaning up his work area after he changes the oil in a vehicle. Teachers express concern over late assignments, a reluctance to take responsibility for his own actions, and the need for constant prompts and reminders. Darren uses an electronic spelling dictionary and a word processor with word prediction software and spell check to complete assignments.
Darren’s parents indicated on a parent survey that they do not know if Darren would be eligible to receive adult services, social security, and they do not know how to contact adult service agencies.
During a student interview, Darren stated he wanted to become a professional foo.
Case Study AnalysisRead Compassion for Samantha Case Study.docxmoggdede
Case Study Analysis
Read
Compassion for Samantha Case Study
Samantha Lizonia has been with Prestige Shipping for 35 years. As one of the first employees hired when the business launched, she has weathered many storms with the company, including receiving late paychecks, times of slow growth, a year where she worked 7 days a week without fail, and working for 4 years in a row without a vacation or sick day. As the office manager, she greets all visitors and is the first point of contact when customers and vendors calls. The CEO always praises Samantha and often states that without her diligence and faithfulness all those years they may not have survived.
Unfortunately, Samantha’s job performance has been declining. She has submitted reports untimely and unfinished, been late to work, and has become cold and difficult to work with. Coworkers and vendors complain about her rude comments and harsh demeanor. The CEO spoke to Samantha about her performance and behavior, but nothing has changed. Actually, she did not appreciate being reprimanded, and her behavior got worse. However, during their meeting, the CEO did find out that Samantha is planning on retiring in 2 years, and the value of her retirement savings plan has drastically declined.
If Samantha would have been any other employee, she would have been fired a long time ago. Because of her age, years of loyal service, lack of retirement savings, and the CEO’s commitment to continuing the family-like environment, this is a difficult choice. However, he knows that he must come to a decision about her soon.
Consider
the following:
SHRM ethical guidelines
Ethical processes for hiring, evaluating, disciplining, and terminating employees
Regulations for equal opportunity and employee rights
Commonly held values such as compassion, courage, integrity, and wisdom that can help people clarify their differences with others, understand their positions, and communicate values more effectively
Disagreements about moral choices in an organization are a natural part of doing business. Appreciate the viewpoints of other parties instead of vilifying them. Anticipate these disagreements by developing strategies for dealing with the most common conflicts you will face in your work.
Your personal strengths, unique voice, core identity and desired self-image.
Potential arguments that others will use to support immoral or unethical behavior
Write
a 1,050- to 1,400-word analysis of the scenario. Include the following:
Describe the ethical dilemma presented in the scenario, and explain why it is an ethical dilemma.
Describe the government and industry regulations relevant to this scenario.
Explain why specific elements from SHRM guidelines would apply to this situation.
Describe the ethical way to resolve the issue with Samantha.
Justify your resolution.
Format
your paper according to APA guidelines.
Reference
2 peer-reviewed scholarly ariticles
.
Case Study AnalysisAn understanding of cells and cell behavi.docxmoggdede
Case Study Analysis
An understanding of cells and cell behavior is a critically important component of disease diagnosis and treatment. But some diseases can be complex in nature, with a variety of factors and circumstances impacting their emergence and severity.
Effective disease analysis often requires an understanding that goes beyond isolated cell behavior. Genes, the environments in which cell processes operate, the impact of patient characteristics, and racial and ethnic variables all can have an important impact.
An understanding of the signals and symptoms of alterations in cellular processes is a critical step in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. For APRNs, this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans.
In this Assignment, you examine a case study and analyze the symptoms presented. You identify cell, gene, and/or process elements that may be factors in the diagnosis, and you explain the implications to patient health.
Scenario: Case study
An 83-year-old resident of a skilled nursing facility presents to the emergency department with generalized edema of extremities and abdomen. History obtained from staff reveals the patient has history of malabsorption syndrome and difficulty eating due to lack of dentures. The patient has been diagnosed with protein malnutrition
To prepare:
By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific case study for this Case Study Assignment. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor.
The Assignment (1- to 2-page case study analysis)
Develop a 1- to 2-page case study analysis in which you:
Explain why you think the patient presented the symptoms described.
Identify the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease.
Explain the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems
Develop a 1- to 2-page case study analysis, examining the patient symptoms presented in the case study. Be sure to address the following:
Explain why you think the patient presented the symptoms described.
28 (28%) - 30 (30%)
The response accurately and thoroughly describes the patient symptoms.
The response includes accurate, clear, and detailed reasons, with an explanation for the symptoms supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation.
25 (25%) - 27 (27%)
The response describes the patient's symptoms.
The response includes accurate reasons, with an explanation for the symptoms supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation.
23 (23%) - 24 (24%)
The response describes the patient's symptoms in a manner that is vague or inaccurate.
The response includes reasons for the symptoms, with explanations that are vague or based on inappropriate evidence/research.
0 (0%) - 22 (22%)
The response describes the patient symptoms in a manner that is vague and inaccurate, or the de.
Case Study Analysis and FindingsThe final assignment for this co.docxmoggdede
Case Study Analysis and Findings
The final assignment for this course is a Case Study Analysis and Findings. The purpose of the Case Study Analysis and Findings is for you to utilize the knowledge and skills developed in this course to evaluate the psychological methods and theoretical models of criminal behavior as well as the police psychology and the psychological aspects of all participants in the criminal justice process relative to a specific criminal episode. An overview of forensic psychology as it relates to the criminal justice process should be included.
This course has addressed issues of psychological theory and practice relative to the functioning of the criminal justice system. These impacts range from the offender, to law enforcement and investigations, to practices and legalities of law in the courtroom, to the participation and impact of victims and witnesses, and to treatment and sentencing rendered in the correctional environment. Research continues regarding the biological, genetic, psychological, and social impacts on mental health and resulting behavior. These findings will continue to find their way into the legal implications of the psychological influences on behavior.
The focus of your Case Study Analysis and Findings paper will be based, in large part, on the weekly assignments you completed throughout the course. In each of the weekly assignments, you address a particular aspect of the overall criminal case and offender that you selected in Week 1.
In the Week 1 Literature Review assignment, you provide the resources necessary for each phase of your final analysis and findings.
In the Week 2 Case Summary and Offender Profile assignment, you provide an analysis of the behavior of the offender relative to the psychological history and evaluation of the offender.
In the Week 3 Investigative Psychology assignment, you provide an analysis of the behavior of the investigators including the analysis of the crime scene. This assignment also describes the psychological, behavioral, environmental, and cognitive factors that influence the investigation, including intervention strategies to reduce the impact of stress on law enforcement.
In the Week 4 Legal Psychology and Victimization assignment, you provide a discussion on the role of the psychological profile of the offender and the victims have on the presentation of evidence in court, including the analysis of legal psychology as it is implemented in the criminal justice process.
Finally, in the Week 5 Psychological Treatment in Correctional Settings assignment, you provide a discussion on the impacts the psychological make–up of offenders have on the functional responsibilities of incarceration facilities and how the biases and assumptions of correctional service providers influence their assessment of and interaction with these offenders.
Utilizing your research and analyses completed for the Weeks 1 through 5 assignments, consider the psychological methods .
Case Study Analysis A TutorialWhat is it Case studies are a .docxmoggdede
Case Study Analysis: A Tutorial
What is it? Case studies are a popular and effective teaching tool for business and non-business students. Often described as the “Harvard method,” case studies permit students to apply learned concepts and techniques to “real world” situations. Although our assignments are individual work only, case studies may also allow students to use their knowledge of course material in addressing business/marketing problems or issues through collaboration (much as in the workplace). Case studies may be quite detailed or simple in scope. In some assignments, strong familiarity with financial analysis and operations management are needed to successfully complete the case.
How to be effective? For any case study assignment, common sense; research; and a good understanding of basic marketing/management concepts are needed. You should carefully read the case several times, highlighting information/details that you believe important. Understand what the assignment is requesting. In the Popchips and Grand Theft Auto cases, you are asked questions for response. In addressing each question, you should justify (document) your answer with case information and additional Internet research. All sources should be properly cited.
It is important that you do not assume anything. Many students err in case analysis by confusing personal opinion or inference (guess) with the facts presented in the case. It is permissible (and, often required) to supplement case information with various research methods (i.e., observation and/or Internet) gain a clearer understanding of the issues, forces, questions and requirements of the case. Rely on the text book and lecture notes to help you.
Put yourself in the case as the key decision maker(s). What needs to be addressed concerning marketing? What could have been done differently? What should the marketing strategy (plan) be going forward? Be prepared to explain your reasoning.
Most importantly, don’t procrastinate on this assignment. Your time well-spent will result in a well-done report.
In summary, to complete a case study assignment successfully, you must:
1. Read the case thoroughly several times.
2. Complete independent research about the case issue/topic.
3. Identify and verify sources.
4. Answer the questions contained in the case with completeness and accuracy using case and research information.
5. Write your report and proof it for grammar, spelling and punctuation mistakes.
A Rite of Passage Approach
Designed to Preserve the
Families of Substance-Abusing
African American Women
Vanesta L. Poitier, Makini Niliwaambieni, and
Cyprian Lamar Rowe
This article approaches the treatment of addicted
African American women in ways drawn from
traditional African culture. While the modern African
American woman is clearly not the same as her
continental African foremother, the reality of her life
is still predicated on the basis of her culture and
her material wealth or.
Case Study AlcoholCertain occasional behaviors can cause more tro.docxmoggdede
Case Study: Alcohol
Certain occasional behaviors can cause more trouble than one might think. For many college students, drinking does not seem dangerous and is often viewed as a normal. Alcohol absorption and factors involved with alcohol metabolism are rarely discussed.
Review the following case study and answer the questions in essay format.
Paulo is a sophomore in college. On the weekends he goes out with his friends and will have anywhere from 5-8 drinks during the evening. Paulo met his friends during freshman year and they all agree that drinking is part of the college experience. Paulo always has a hangover after a big night of drinking, but doesn't think it's an issue because he never drinks on the weekdays and it isn't affecting his schoolwork. On a football weekend that included a lot of drinking, one of Paulo's friends, Luke, got into a fight and ended up in the emergency room. The doctor told Luke his Blood Alcohol Concentration was so high that he nearly had alcohol poisoning. Although Paulo knew drinking and driving could be dangerous, Paulo was surprised that the doctor warned Luke about "binge drinking." Paulo began to wonder whether his drinking was affecting his own health.
How common is binge drinking in college? What factors increase an individual's risk for the short and long term effects of alcohol? Why do college students like Paulo feel it is part of the college experience to drink regularly? What should universities, parents, friends, and others do to address high risk drinking and to change these behaviors?
4 Essays, 1 essay per Part:
Part I: Finding the Perfect Balance
Chapter # 1 General Health Concepts
Chapter # 2 Promoting and Preserving Your Psychological Health
Chapter # 3 Managing Stress: Managing Stress and Coping with Life Challenges
Chapter # 4 Preventing Violence and Injury
Part II: Building Healthy Relationships
Chapter # 5 Understanding Sexuality
Chapter # 6 Considering your Reproductive Alternatives
Part III: Avoiding Risks Related to Bad Habits
Chapter # 7 Recognizing and Avoiding Addiction and Drug Use
Chapter # 8 Drinking Alcohol Responsibly and Ending Tobacco Use
Part IV: Building Healthy Lifestyles
Chapter # 9 Eating for a Healthier You
Chapter # 10 Reaching and Maintaining a Healthy Weight
.
Case study A group of nurse educators are having a discussion about.docxmoggdede
Case study: A group of nurse educators are having a discussion about the minority student nurses. The nurse educators believe that there are numerous barriers to minority student success in nursing education. The nurse educators want to develop strategies to increase the success rate in graduation of these students.
1. The nurse educators make a list of the barriers that exist for minority student success. What are common barriers for minority student success?
2. The group of nurse educators is acutely aware that different generations are represented in nursing today. These different generations have different attitudes and value systems, which greatly affect the settings in which they work. What are the key characteristics of the four generational groups that are present in today’s workforce?
3. Analyze and describe how the different generations present in nursing today affect nursing care and the nursing workplace.
.
Case study ;1Callista Roy and Betty Neumans theories view the.docxmoggdede
Case study ;1
Callista Roy and Betty Neuman's theories view the person (individual, group, or community) as a holistic adaptive system that constantly interacts with the internal and external environments. Both theories view the person as being the center of nursing and present health/wellness and illness as parts of the same continuum, however there are some key assumptions that are different. As such, select one of the theories and identify1 assumption of the theory and discuss how the care rendered for this patient by an advanced practice nurse would be structured (assessment, diagnosis, planning, intervention, evaluation) according to the theory. Give 2 specific examples of interventions that you anticipate will be included in the patient's care.
Mr. Reynolds is a 32 year-old male patient hospitalized on the orthopedic unit of the hospital. He is status-post motorcycle accident and right leg below the knee amputation. He has a history of Depression and Schizophrenia. He is currently separated from his wife and estranged from his family. He is awaiting social work for placement in a rehabilitation facility, where he will continue his recovery.
.
Case Study 9Running head BP & THE GULF OF MEXICO OIL SPILLC.docxmoggdede
Case Study 9
Running head: BP & THE GULF OF MEXICO OIL SPILL
Case Study: BP & The Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill
Central Michigan University
Organizational Dynamics & Human Behavior – MSA 601
Abstract
This paper will focus on the monumental disaster and ensuing public relations nightmare of British Petroleum (BP). This disaster of course was brought about by the oil rig explosion and fire in the Gulf of Mexico. BP is a multinational conglomerate of gargantuan proportions. They have molded and perfected their public image over decades. This paper will take a look at the lapses in BP’s management and public relations efforts and what measures the company should have taken.
BP & the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill
The reason that the authors selected to evaluate British Petroleum (BP) for a case study was due in no small part to the endless media attention given to the oil spill in the Gulf. BP is an extremely popular brand that everyone in this country undoubtedly is effected by in one way or another. One of the initial reasons for choosing BP was the unmitigated disaster put forth on the public relations front in explaining the company’s efforts at dealing with the Gulf of Mexico oil crisis. The authors were further intrigued at this assignment for the poor leadership and decision making acumen of the former CEO Tony Hayward (CMU, 2009, p. 227). With this multi-focal approach, the study will highlight the conflicting messaging presented to the public and the lackluster and ultimately ineffective leadership within the organization.
BP is a huge multinational conglomerate whose primary focus is the petroleum industry. The company does business in over 30 countries around the globe. Its annual operating income is $239 billion dollars with over $14 billion dollars in profit in the year 2009. The company employs over 80,300 individuals and owns 16 refineries worldwide. BP operates several subsidiaries under the names AM/PM markets, BP and ARCO gas stations, Aral gas stations in Germany, Wild Bean Café, and Castrol Motor Oil (BP at a glance, 2010).
The competition within the petroleum industry is not as plentiful as one might think. There are actually very few players in the game. Due to the limited number of refiners of crude in this country the oil from various sources are blended prior to coming to the consumer. BP doesn’t have much use for the service station business anymore. In 2007, it announced plans to sell the last 700 stations that it hadn’t already sold to franchisees. The company chose to focus on finding and collecting oil. Once companies make a discovery, it comes out of the ground and ends up at a refinery. There, it can be mixed with oil that a variety of companies have poured into the tanks. This is further evidenced by BP’s plans to divest itself of its remaining 700 gas service stations. The highest percentage of income is made from oil exploration and extraction and not in the selling of gasoline at its stations (Lieber, 2010).
BP.
Case Study 9-1 IT Governance at University of the Southeast. Answer .docxmoggdede
The University of the Southeast had an IT governance system in place that involved decision rights and structure. The IT governance structure included an IT steering committee that was responsible for making strategic IT decisions and an IT coordinating council that implemented the decisions of the steering committee. This ensured that IT decisions were made strategically with input from stakeholders and then properly implemented.
Case Study 7-2 Sony Pictures The Criminals Won. Answer question 2 W.docxmoggdede
Case Study 7-2 Sony Pictures: The Criminals Won. Answer question 2 What access and data protection controls would you recommend Sony use to provide better security for unreleased digital films and emails?
Note: Minimum 300 words not including title and reference page. References should be taken from peer revived
.
Case Study 8.1 Team DenialEmory University Holocaust studies pr.docxmoggdede
Case Study 8.1: Team Denial
Emory University Holocaust studies professor Deborah Lipstadt faced an uphill battle when she was sued by British amateur historian David Irving in 1995. Irving was the world’s best known Holocaust denier. He claimed that Hitler didn’t order the killing of Jews. Instead, the Führer’s subordinates acted on their own, without his knowledge. Irving’s most audacious assertion was that no Jews and other victims were gassed at the Auschwitz concentration camp. He denied that there were gas chambers. Instead, deaths were caused by typhus and other illnesses, not murder. Speaking before neo-Nazi groups, Irving declared that more people died in the back of Senator Edward Kennedy’s car (one young woman) than were deliberately killed at Auschwitz.
In her book Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory, professor Lipstadt called Irving “a Hitler partisan wearing blinkers” who distorted historical evidence to “reach historically untenable conclusions.”1 Irving then threatened to sue unless she retracted her comments. He likely thought she would settle out of court. Not Lipstadt. Surrender would give deniers a victory, meaning a “second death” to the victims of Auschwitz and other Jews who perished under the Nazis. But Irving had the upper hand. Under British law, Lipstadt had to defend herself from the allegations. (In the United States, accusers have to prove that they have been libeled and defamed.) The lengthy court case would cost over a million dollars to fight and would be held in London, thousands of miles from Atlanta, where Lipstadt taught.
Fortunately for Dr. Lipstadt, others rallied to her cause. Emory gave her financial support and paid leave while hiring adjuncts to teach her classes. (School officials believed that canceling Holocaust courses would be a victory for Irving.) Penguin, her publisher, provided legal and financial support and Jewish groups raised money for her defense. Most important, she gained the support of a top-notch legal team who believed in her cause. This team included (1) those who prepared her case—a team of researchers who gathered information and the attorneys who assembled court documents; and (2) a pair of barristers who argued in front of the judge. (In Britain, one set of attorneys prepares the case while a different set of attorneys presents the case in court.) Lipstadt needed all the help she could get. Preparation for the trial took five years. Researchers had to sift through thousands of documents checking footnotes as well as hundreds of Irving’s personal diaries. They generated an eight-foot-tall stack of trial notebooks.
The legal team decided to put Irving on trial, demonstrating how he systematically altered historical evidence to support his anti-Semitic views. That meant that Deborah wouldn’t testify, turning her into a spectator at her own trial. Lipstadt, a skilled public speaker, objected to these restrictions but eventually gave in. She said, “Being q.
Case Study 7 Solving Team Challenges at DocSystems Billing, Inc.docxmoggdede
Case Study 7: Solving Team Challenges at DocSystems Billing, Inc.
Read the DocSystems Billing case, including the briefing document and four scenes, and consider the following questions:
What problems exist in this organization? How do these problems differ based on the employees’ roles? Why do employees object to Jim’s proposed solution?
Make a recommendation to the client about what could be done next based on the data included. Summarize your observations for Jim, offer possible interpretations, and suggest an approach for next steps.
Briefing Document: DocSystems Billing, Inc.
About the Company
DocSystems Billing, Inc., processes insurance billing paperwork for a network of small health care clinics throughout the United States. Privately owned physician practices, as well as specialists such as cardiologists and physical therapists, contract with DocSystems to process the billing paperwork through the maze of health care insurance companies and networks. DocSystems charges either a flat fee for each bill it processes or a percentage of the total, depending on the contract with the provider.
About the Call Center
Forty full-time employees work at the onsite call center: 30 Medical Insurance Specialists (who handle cases of moderate complexity) and 10 Senior Insurance Consultants (who handle very complex cases). The senior consultants have usually worked up through the ranks, often first working on basic billing, then as medical insurance specialists. Most of them have a long tenure with DocSystems, ranging from 17 to 23 years.
An additional 100 employees (called Billing Specialists) work at an outsourced call center. DocSystems contracts out the initial processing of claims and basic computer input. The contract employees used to work at DocSystems until the outsourcing.
285
The call center was outsourced a year ago to another organization. Almost all of the former DocSystems employees were offered jobs with the new company, but the pay and benefits were not comparable. Word has spread to the former colleagues who remain at DocSystems that the outsourcing company treats its employees poorly.
Call Center Reorganization
The remaining group of 40 employees was reorganized into two new teams about 3 months ago. Initially, there had been two managers—Alex managed the senior insurance consultants, and Dana managed the medical insurance specialists. Both reported to Jim, the senior director. In the new structure, Alex and Dana both manage 20 employees, with each managing half of the specialists and half of the consultants.
That meant that some of each group remained with their former manager, while some moved to a new manager. Senior management hoped that the integrated teams would start to share knowledge between more senior and more junior practitioners.
Roles and Work Process
Billing Specialist
The billing specialists do the initial computer input and handle the majority of the cases. Normally this occurs without any need .
Case Study 5.2 Hiding the Real Story at Midwestern Community Acti.docxmoggdede
Case Study 5.2: Hiding the Real Story at Midwestern Community Action
Recently, life at Midwestern Community Action has been anything but smooth. The nonprofit runs a variety of programs in a midsized city, including preschools, teen drop-in centers, a food pantry, a medical clinic, and low-income housing. Health problems forced founding executive director Sally May, who was well loved by staff, to quit after 20 years in her position. The board then appointed Josiah Lang, who had served as the manager of a local government service agency, as the next executive director.
When Lang arrived at Community Action, he discovered that May had been a hands-off leader. She allowed coordinators to run their programs without much supervision. Used to operating on their own, they resisted Lang’s efforts to institute performance evaluations, to evaluate the effectiveness of each program, and to reallocate funds between programs. It didn’t help that Lang made little effort to get to know his subordinates and has an abrasive personality. Three coordinators and a half dozen front-line staff quit. Lang has the support of the board, which believes that the organization needs more structure and accountability, but staff morale is low. Employees have lost faith in the organization’s leadership. However, they remain committed to helping the disadvantaged and to Community Action’s mission. For that reason, they largely keep their frustrations to themselves and are careful to protect the organization’s public image. Community Action continues to be well regarded by clients, government officials, donors, and the public at large.
This week Community Action will interview an applicant for its housing coordinator position, a vacancy created when the previous coordinator left in frustration. This is the most important open position to fill. The housing coordinator oversees three apartment complexes with 200 tenants and manages the most employees. Failure to fill the vacancy soon could reduce Community Action’s outreach to the homeless. The applicant, Albert Singh, appears to be highly qualified. If he takes the position, Singh will move his family from out of state. He has no idea that Community Action is dealing with significant conflict and poor morale.
Singh will make a brief presentation to the entire staff during his visit and then meet for an extended time with the current program coordinators. During this session, the coordinators (without the director present) will question him and present an overview of Community Action. Albert will also have an opportunity to ask questions of the coordinators.
Discussion Probes
1. What ethical duties are in conflict in this situation?
2. Are Community Action employees justified in keeping their concerns “in house,” out of the public eye? Why or why not?
3. If you were one of the current program coordinators, how much would you reveal about the turmoil at Community Action to Singh?
4. As a coordinator, what would you say if Singh.
Case Study 5.1Write a 3 to 4 (not including title or reference.docxmoggdede
Case Study 5.1
Write a 3 to 4 (not including title or reference page) page paper that describes some your state laws protecting data or security of personal information (the state you live in ,have lived in, or want to live in). First, list the state you chose. Then provide the name and a brief description of the law, to include when it was enacted, punishment if not followed, and who/what the law protects. Make sure you follow the grading rubric and write your paper in APA format. Cite all sources appropriately.
Writing Requirements
4 pages in length (excluding cover page, abstract, and reference list)
Include at least two peer reviewed sources that are properly cited
APA format, Use the
APA template
located in the
Student Resource Center
to complete the assignment.
Please use the Case Study Guide as a reference point for writing your case study.
.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
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Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
1412 2015 by JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH, Inc. ● Vol. 41.docx
1. 1412
� 2015 by JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH, Inc. ●
Vol. 41 ● April 2015
All rights reserved. 0093-5301/2015/4106-0005$10.00. DOI:
10.1086/680089
Doing Well by Doing Good: The Benevolent
Halo of Corporate Social Responsibility
ALEXANDER CHERNEV
SEAN BLAIR
Corporate social responsibility is commonly viewed solely as a
tool for enhancing
company reputations and engendering goodwill among
customers. In contrast, this
research shows that the impact of corporate social responsibility
can extend beyond
public relations and customer goodwill to influence the way
consumers evaluate
a company’s products. Specifically, this research documents
that acts of social
goodwill—even when they are unrelated to the company’s core
business, as in
the case of charitable giving—can alter product perceptions,
such that products
of companies engaged in prosocial activities are perceived as
performing better.
More important, the data show that inferences drawn from a
company’s prosocial
actions are strong enough to alter the product evaluations even
2. when consumers
can directly observe and experience the product. The data
further show that this
effect is a function of the moral undertone of the company’s
motivation for engaging
in socially responsible behavior and is attenuated when
consumers believe that the
company’s behavior is driven by self-interest rather than by
benevolence. By doc-
umenting that social goodwill can benefit consumer perceptions
of product perfor-
mance, these findings show that doing good can indeed translate
into doing well.
I n the past decade, there has been an unprecedented surgein
company involvement in socially responsible activities,
such as charitable giving, focused on promoting various
social causes unrelated to the company’s core business. De-
spite this upswing in corporate social responsibility, socially
responsible programs have been viewed almost exclusively
as a tool for enhancing reputations and engendering good-
will among customers. This view raises the question of
whether the impact of socially responsible activities is in-
deed limited to a company’s reputation or whether it extends
beyond public relations and customer goodwill to influence
the way consumers evaluate a company’s products.
Managers’ beliefs about the impact of socially responsible
activities on perceived product performance converge on
the idea that corporate social responsibility programs are
unlikely to benefit the company above and beyond their
potential to strengthen reputations and mitigate corporate
Alexander Chernev is a professor of marketing
([email protected]
.edu) and Sean Blair ([email protected]) is a PhD can-
3. didate, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern
University, 2001
Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208. Both authors contributed
equally to
this research. This research was supported by MSI Research
Grant 4-1731.
Laura Peracchio and Darren Dahl served as editors and James
Burroughs
served as associate editor for this article.
Electronically published January 21, 2015
crises. A survey of more than 300 CFOs, investment ana-
lysts, and corporate social responsibility experts reports that
the vast majority believe the most important way these pro-
grams create value is by enhancing the company’s reputation
(McKinsey & Company 2009). Furthermore, the survey
found that even though managers believed that socially re-
sponsible activities can help maintain a good corporate rep-
utation and strengthen a company’s brand, they did not con-
sider these activities to have a material impact on perceived
product performance.
The pervasive managerial belief that corporate social re-
sponsibility is unlikely to influence consumer perceptions
of product performance is also mirrored by a survey we
conducted in 2012 with a group of 44 senior managers par-
ticipating in an executive development seminar. The survey
asked managers to indicate their beliefs about whether a
company’s socially responsible actions, such as donating to
social causes, can influence consumer perceptions of the
functional performance of company products. The results
show that 86% of the respondents believed that company
prosocial behavior would not affect perceived product per-
formance, with the remaining 14% split in suggesting a
4. positive or negative effect. These findings further underscore
the conventional wisdom that socially responsible behavior,
although beneficial to society and corporate reputations, is
unlikely to have a significant impact on consumer beliefs
about the performance of a company’s products.
mailto:[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]
CHERNEV AND BLAIR 1413
Despite the abundant research examining the impact of
socially responsible behavior on consumer attitudes toward
a company, relatively little research has examined its impact
on consumer beliefs about product performance. Moreover,
the extant research has failed to reach a consensus regarding
whether and how a company’s socially responsible behavior
will influence perceived product performance. The goal of
this research, therefore, is to examine the validity of the
prevailing belief among managers that the impact of a com-
pany’s socially responsible activities is limited to corporate
reputation and is unlikely to influence the perceived per-
formance of a company’s products.
In this research we show that acts of corporate social
responsibility—even when they are unrelated to the com-
pany’s core business, as in the case of charitable giving to
socially responsible causes—can influence consumer per-
ceptions of the functional performance of the company’s
products. In this context, we identify conditions under which
corporate social responsibility can strengthen perceived
product performance, such that products of companies en-
gaged in socially responsible activities are likely to be per-
ceived as having higher levels of performance. We further
5. document that a company’s prosocial activities are strong
enough to alter consumer experiences with the product and
that this effect can occur even when actual product perfor-
mance is readily observable and consumers can directly ex-
perience the product. We present the theoretical background
of our predictions and the empirical data in the following
sections.
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on
Financial Performance and Company Image
Prior research has argued that socially responsible firms
are likely to deliver superior financial performance—an ar-
gument supported by a number of studies demonstrating a
positive link between investing in corporate social respon-
sibility and a firm’s financial performance (Orlitzky,
Schmidt, and Rynes 2003; Russo and Fouts 1997). This
finding is consistent with research showing that a company’s
reputation for social responsibility tends to decrease con-
sumers’ price sensitivity and increase their brand loyalty
(Green and Peloza 2011; Marin, Ruiz, and Rubio 2009).
Similarly, consumers were found to be more willing to ad-
vocate for socially responsible companies (Du, Bhatta-
charya, and Sen 2007) and to defend them against criticism
(Klein and Dawar 2004; Murray and Vogel 1997). It has
also been argued that a company’s socially responsible be-
havior is likely to increase sales by motivating consumers
to reward the company for its prosocial behavior (Mohr,
Webb, and Harris 2001) and giving consumers the option
to attain moral satisfaction from the “warm glow of giving”
(Andreoni 1990; Kahneman and Knetsch 1992).
Despite the voluminous research documenting that cor-
porate social responsibility can benefit a company’s bottom
6. line, definitive empirical evidence demonstrating a consis-
tent directional link between social goodwill and company
profitability has eluded scholars (Peloza and Shang 2011;
Tang, Hull, and Rothenberg 2012). Thus, in addition to re-
search suggesting the absence of a direct link between in-
vesting in corporate social responsibility and financial per-
formance, it has been argued that investing in corporate
social responsibility can have a negative impact on a com-
pany’s bottom line. The most common argument for a neg-
ative link builds on the logic that relative to firms that do
not engage in such activities, firms that engage in socially
responsible activities incur additional costs for behaviors
that have few measurable economic benefits (Bromiley and
Marcus 1989; Fogler and Nutt 1975).
In addition to examining the impact of corporate social
responsibility on a company’s financial performance, prior
research has shown that engaging in socially responsible
behavior can benefit consumers’ overall attitudes toward the
company’s brand (Sen and Bhattacharya 2001; Wigley
2008). For example, consumers have been shown to have
more favorable attitudes toward organizations known to en-
gage in cause-related activities (Sen, Bhattacharya, and
Korschun 2006; Webb and Mohr 1998)—an effect docu-
mented even for companies with negative reputations (Yoon,
Gürhan-Canli, and Schwarz 2006). It has further been shown
that consumers view companies engaged in socially re-
sponsible activities as being warmer (Aaker, Vohs, and Mo-
gilner 2010), more compassionate (Lichtenstein, Drum-
wright, and Braig 2004), more ethical (Hoeffler and Keller
2002), more trustworthy (Hansmann 1981), and less blame-
worthy in the midst of corporate crises (Klein and Dawar
2004).
Corporate Social Responsibility and Perceived
7. Product Performance
Despite the plethora of research documenting the rela-
tionship between corporate social responsibility on the one
hand and a company’s financial performance and brand im-
age on the other, there has been relatively little research
examining how a company’s charitable giving influences
consumer beliefs about the performance of its products. Fur-
thermore, the extant research fails to come to a consensus
about the nature of this effect. Thus, it has been argued that
because corporate social responsibility has little relevance
to the company’s ability to produce goods or services, it is
unlikely to influence perceived product performance (Brown
and Dacin 1997; Luchs et al. 2010). In the same vein, Keller
and Aaker (1998) suggest that a corporate image based on
corporate social responsibility, rather than on innovation,
would not influence perceived product performance in un-
related domains.
In addition to research implying that corporate social re-
sponsibility is unlikely to influence perceived product per-
formance, extant research has also argued that there may be
a positive effect. For example, Du et al. (2007) report an
association (but not causation) between consumers’ aware-
ness of a firm’s engagement in socially responsible activities
1414 JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH
and their brand-specific beliefs in the case of companies that
integrate social responsibility into their competitive posi-
tioning. Similarly, Luchs et al. (2010) propose that people
tend to believe that companies prioritizing sustainability will
produce products superior on gentleness-related attributes
because ethical firms are perceived as gentler.
8. Contrary to the research suggesting a positive impact of
corporate social responsibility on perceived product perfor-
mance, it has also been argued this impact can be negative
rather than positive (Ottman 1998; Pickett-Baker and Ozaki
2008). For example, it has been shown that products made
by companies known to engage in activities that promote
sustainability are likely to be perceived as underperforming
on strength-related attributes (Essoussi and Linton 2010;
Luchs et al. 2010; Newman, Gorlin, and Dhar 2014). It has
further been argued that consumers tend to believe that so-
cial responsibility comes at the expense of product perfor-
mance even when the socially responsible behavior has no
clear performance implications (Luo and Bhattacharya
2006; Sen and Bhattacharya 2001). These findings are con-
sistent with the notion that whereas socially responsible
firms tend to be perceived as being warmer, more ethical,
and more compassionate, they also tend to be perceived as
less competent in their core area of expertise (Aaker et al.
2010) and, hence, likely to produce functionally inferior
products compared to those made by companies not engaged
in prosocial behavior.
In this research we argue that in the case of prosocial
activities unrelated to the company’s technological com-
petencies and/or products, corporate social responsibility
can have a positive impact on perceived product perfor-
mance. This argument is based on the notion that in the
absence of a direct relationship between the company’s pro-
social activities and its products, compensatory inferences
that have been shown to negatively influence perceived
product performance are less likely to occur (Luchs et al.
2010; Newman et al. 2014), leaving the door open for a
positive spillover effect. Thus, we expect that corporate social
responsibility involving charitable giving is likely to have a
positive impact on consumers’ perceptions of product per-
9. formance. We discuss the nature of this positive spillover
effect—referred to as a halo effect—in the following section.
The Benevolent Halo of Social Goodwill
The halo effect refers to the tendency of overall evalu-
ations of a person/object to influence evaluations of the
specific properties of that person/object in a way that is
consistent with the overall evaluation (Asch 1946; Nisbett
and Wilson 1977; Thorndike 1920; Wells 1907). For ex-
ample, it has been shown that physically attractive people
tend to be perceived as more sociable, mentally healthy, and
intelligent than physically unattractive people (Feingold
1992). The halo effect also has been demonstrated in the
domain of consumer behavior, documenting that in the ab-
sence of attribute-specific information, consumers’ evalua-
tion of a product’s performance on a particular attribute is
likely to be influenced by their overall impression of the
product (Beckwith and Lehmann 1975; Boatwright, Kalra,
and Zhang 2008; Han 1989). For example, it has been shown
that health and nutrient-content claims on food packages
induce a “health halo” that leads people to rate these prod-
ucts higher on other health attributes not mentioned in the
claims (Andrews, Netemeyer, and Burton 1998; Roe, Levy,
and Derby 1999; Wansink and Chandon 2006).
Given the ubiquitous nature of the halo effect documented
in prior research (Cooper 1981), we expect that a company’s
prosocial behavior can give rise to a halo effect that will
influence the perceived performance of the company’s prod-
ucts. Our theorizing builds on the notion that corporate so-
cial responsibility tends to invoke moral judgments that can
permeate all aspects of consumer judgment and decision
making. Indeed, prior research has argued that morality and
moral identity are central constructs guiding some of the
10. key aspects of an individual’s cognitive and affective pro-
cesses (Aquino and Reed 2002; Kohlberg 1981; Reed,
Aquino, and Levy 2007). In this context, a halo effect stem-
ming from individuals’ moral judgments has been shown to
influence their judgments across a variety of domains in-
cluding food consumption (Stein and Nemeroff 1995), politics
(Smith and Overbeck 2014), financial markets (Brown and
Perry 1994), and managerial decision making (Rosenzweig
2007).
Building on prior research, we argue that the halo effect
stemming from the moral undertone of the company’s so-
cially responsible activities can influence not only the overall
company image but also the perceived performance of com-
pany products, such that the products made by companies
engaged in prosocial activities are perceived to have superior
performance. This proposition further implies that the im-
pact of a company’s prosocial behavior on the perceived
performance of its products is a function of several key
factors.
First, as an inference-making process, the halo effect is
likely to involve a degree of uncertainty associated with the
perceived product performance. Indeed, extant research in
the domain of information processing has argued that in-
dividuals are more likely to draw inferences, such as those
based on a company’s prosocial behavior, in scenarios in
which they do not have well-articulated preferences (Bro-
niarczyk and Alba 1994; Dick, Chakravarti, and Biehal
1990; Feldman and Lynch 1988). In the same vein, re-
searchers have argued that the halo effect, which is likely
to influence the evaluations of the specific properties of an
object, is likely to be more pronounced when these prop-
erties are ill defined in the minds of the individuals (Thorn-
dike 1920; Wells 1907). Consumer research has also shown
that individuals are less likely to rely on inferential processes
11. such as the halo effect when they are able to draw on their
domain expertise to evaluate a product’s performance based
on its intrinsic characteristics (Han 1989; Maheswaran
1994). Building on this research, we expect the halo effect
associated with a company’s prosocial activities to be more
pronounced when expertise is low rather than high.
Second, we theorize that the impact of a company’s pro-
CHERNEV AND BLAIR 1415
social activities on the perceived performance of its products
is a result of a halo effect stemming from individuals’ moral
judgments. This implies that the proposed effect of corporate
social responsibility on perceived product performance is
not merely a function of the act of charitable giving but that
it stems from the company’s underlying motives. Thus, prior
research has documented that corporate social responsibility
does not benefit a company’s image when consumers believe
that a company’s actions are motivated by self-interest rather
than benevolence (Sen and Bhattacharya 2001; Wagner,
Lutz, and Weitz 2009; Yoon et al. 2006). Accordingly, we
expect that the halo effect associated with a company’s pro-
social activities is likely to be more pronounced in cases
when it is motivated by benevolence rather than when it is
motivated by self-interest.
The argument that the impact of a company’s prosocial
activities on the perceived performance of its products stems
from individuals’ moral judgments further implies that this
effect should be a function not only of the company’s mo-
tivation but also of consumers’ moral orientation. This ar-
gument is consistent with the notion that to be effective,
moral actions need to be aligned with an individual’s moral
12. values (Blasi 1980; Monin and Jordan 2009; Saerom, Win-
terich, and Ross 2014). Thus, we expect the moral undertone
of the company’s prosocial behavior to have a greater impact
on perceived product performance when the motive behind
the company’s actions is aligned with consumers’ moral
values and, specifically, the importance they place on social
goodwill.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES
We examine the impact of corporate social responsibility
on consumer perceptions of product performance in a series
of four experiments. The first experiment aims to test our
main hypothesis that consumers tend to draw inferences
from a company’s socially responsible behavior, such that
products produced by companies involved in charitable giv-
ing are evaluated as performing better than those produced
by companies not known for their charitable work. This
experiment further examines the role of the halo effect by
testing whether the impact of the company’s prosocial be-
havior is a function of consumers’ expertise with the eval-
uated product.
Building on the findings of the first study, experiment 2
examines how a company’s motivation for engaging in cor-
porate social responsibility affects consumer evaluations of
the performance of company products. Specifically, this
study aims to examine whether and how the moral undertone
of a company’s motivation for engaging in socially respon-
sible actions—benevolence or self-interest—can influence
the impact of charitable giving on perceived product per-
formance.
Experiment 3 further examines the moderating effect of
the motivation underlying the company’s socially respon-
sible behavior on perceived product performance by using
13. an alternative manipulation of the company’s motivation for
engaging in socially responsible activities. Specifically, this
study examines the impact of the source of information
about the company’s socially responsible behavior—com-
pany advertising versus an independent source—on per-
ceived product performance.
Finally, experiment 4 aims to provide additional evidence
for how the motivation underlying the company’s socially
responsible activities influences perceived product perfor-
mance by investigating the degree to which the company’s
motivation is consistent with consumers’ moral orientation.
Specifically, this study shows that a company’s motivation
for engaging in acts of corporate social responsibility tends
to influence perceived product performance only for con-
sumers who believe that companies are morally obligated
to engage in such activities.
All four experiments examine scenarios in which con-
sumers are able to observe the actual product performance
and hence form fairly objective performance-related judg-
ments. This is important because prior research has argued
that the halo effect tends to be more pronounced when direct
experience is not readily available and individuals form eval-
uations using memory-based judgments (Cooper 1981; Kar-
des, Posavac, and Cronley 2004). Accordingly, past research
suggests that the halo effect is likely to be weaker or even
disappear when consumers can form judgments based on
their direct experience of the product. In this context, doc-
umenting that the halo effect stemming from corporate social
responsibility can influence product evaluations even when
consumers can directly experience the product has important
conceptual and managerial implications.
Furthermore, the four experiments reported in this re-
14. search test the impact of a company’s involvement in cor-
porate social responsibility on readily observed product per-
formance in the context of different product categories:
wine, a hair loss treatment, a teeth-whitening product, and
resolution-enhancing software. Thus, the impact of corpo-
rate social responsibility on observed product performance
is tested across different modalities, including taste, density
assessment, color comparison, and resolution assessment.
We describe the methodology for examining the impact of
corporate social responsibility on consumer evaluations of
the functional performance of company products and the
empirical results in the following sections.
EXPERIMENT 1
Experiment 1 aimed to demonstrate that a company’s
socially responsible activities can have a significant positive
impact on consumer perceptions of the functional perfor-
mance of company products. Specifically, we examined
whether and how information about a company’s charitable
giving influences consumer taste perceptions in the context
of a wine-tasting task.
To test the validity of our theorizing, we also examined
whether and how the hypothesized impact of corporate so-
cial responsibility on perceived product performance varied
as a function of individuals’ familiarity with the evaluated
product. Specifically, we argued that if a company’s pro-
social actions indeed produce a halo effect on perceived
1416 JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH
product performance, this effect is likely to be more pro-
nounced for respondents with lower levels of product ex-
15. pertise (i.e., wine novices) compared to those with higher
levels of product expertise (i.e., wine connoisseurs).
Method
Fifty-six participants in an executive education seminar
were recruited to take part in a wine-tasting experiment. The
choice of wine as an experimental stimulus is consistent
with prior research (Chernev 2006; Lynch and Ariely 2000),
enabling us to provide respondents with an opportunity to
experience the actual product and examine whether cor-
porate social responsibility information would influence
their evaluations.
Each participant was given a sample of red wine in a
small, unmarked plastic cup, along with a card introducing
the winery that purportedly produced it. The winery was
described as follows: “Our wines are balanced by an un-
derlying structure of natural acidity for an elegant wine that
provides both drinkability and ageability. Exceptional wine
can only be made with exceptional grapes. We start by plant-
ing the right grape in the right place, then capture and care-
fully nurture the natural flavors and structure without tread-
ing on the inherent qualities of the fruit. Each wine brings
the finest characteristics of both the vineyard and the vintage
to your table.”
Following the general information about the winery, some
of the respondents were also informed that the company
engages in socially responsible activities. Specifically, these
respondents were told that the company donates 10% of its
sales revenues to the American Heart Association. Thus, all
respondents received the same description of the winery,
but some were also informed about its charitable donations.
After reading the description, respondents sampled the
16. wine and were asked to rate its taste on a 9-point scale
anchored by 1 p Very bad, 5 p Average, and 9 p Very
good. To test our hypothesis that consumers’ product ex-
pertise would moderate the impact of the company’s pro-
social activities on perceived product performance, we also
measured respondents’ self-reported wine expertise. After
rating the taste of the sampled wine, participants were also
asked to rate how much they knew about wine on a similar
9-point scale with anchors 1 p Very little, 5 p Average,
and 9 p Very much. At the end of the experiment respon-
dents were debriefed and thanked for participating.
Results
We argued that consumers who were aware of the com-
pany’s socially responsible behavior would perceive its
products as being functionally superior—a perception that
in the current experiment translated to better taste. To test
this prediction, we analyzed the standardized data using a
regression model in which perceived product performance
was a function of the company’s engagement in socially
responsible behavior, consumer expertise, and their inter-
action. Consistent with our prediction, analysis at mean lev-
els of expertise revealed that respondents who were aware
of the winery’s monetary donations to a charitable cause
rated the wine as tasting better (M p 5.07, SD p 1.30; N
p 28) than did those who were unaware (M p 4.36, SD
p 1.70; N p 28; b p .49, SE p 26, p ! .05). This effect
further varied as a function of respondents’ self-reported
expertise (b p �.46, SE p .26, p ! .05), whereby it was
more pronounced for respondents reporting lower levels of
wine expertise (novices) than for respondents reporting
higher levels of wine expertise (connoisseurs).
We explored this interaction using a spotlight analysis
17. (Aiken and West 1991) at 1 standard deviation above and
below the mean of expertise (see fig. 1). The analysis at
one standard deviation below the mean of expertise indicated
that knowledge of the winery’s charitable donations resulted
in a significant increase in taste perceptions for wine novices
(b p .95, SE p .37, p p .01). In contrast, the corresponding
analysis at 1 standard deviation above the mean of expertise
revealed that charitable giving had no impact on taste per-
ceptions for wine connoisseurs (b p .03, SE p .37, NS).
This pattern of results suggests that the impact of a com-
pany’s socially responsible behavior on consumer evalua-
tions of product performance is a function of their expertise,
such that it is stronger when consumers’ ability to evaluate
performance based on a product’s intrinsic characteristics
is low (novices) compared to when it is high (connoisseurs).
Discussion
The findings reported in this study lend support to our
theorizing that acts of corporate social responsibility can
strengthen consumer evaluations of the functional perfor-
mance of company products. Thus, participants who were
told that the winery donates a portion of its revenues to
charity rated the same wine as tasting better than did par-
ticipants who were not informed of this. More important,
we show that this effect is a function of expertise, such that
corporate social responsibility is more likely to influence
product beliefs (taste ratings) when consumers are less able
to evaluate product performance based on intrinsic char-
acteristics (novices vs. connoisseurs). This dependency of
the observed effect of prosocial behavior on perceived prod-
uct performance is consistent with the findings reported by
prior research: that halo-based inferences are more likely to
occur when product properties are ill defined in the minds
of the consumers.
18. We theorized that the effects reported in this experiment
could be attributed to the halo effect, whereby consumers’
evaluation of the company’s moral behavior influences the
way they perceive the functional performance of its prod-
ucts. This theorizing implies that the positive impact of cor-
porate social responsibility on perceived product perfor-
mance is not merely a function of the act of charitable giving
but that it stems from the moral undertone of the act. Ac-
cordingly, in experiment 2 we test the role of the moral
aspect of the halo effect by manipulating consumer beliefs
about the motives that underlie a company’s decision to
engage in socially responsible behavior. Consistent with our
CHERNEV AND BLAIR 1417
FIGURE 1
IMPACT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON
PERCEIVED PRODUCT PERFORMANCE AS A FUNCTION
OF
DOMAIN EXPERTISE (EXPERIMENT 1)
NOTE.—Values on the vertical axis represent estimates of
participants’ ratings of the taste of wine on a 9-point scale, with
higher
values indicating better perceived taste. The horizontal axis
represents consumers’ self-reported wine expertise. For
presentation
purposes, respondents were divided into two groups (low
expertise
vs. high expertise corresponds to �1 SD vs. �1 SD from the
mean);
statistical analysis was performed treating expertise as a
19. continuous
variable (binary analysis yielded similar results). The data show
that
the positive effect of a company’s prosocial behavior on
perceived
product performance is significant only for consumers with low
domain
expertise (novice wine drinkers).
theorizing, we expect that the positive effect of corporate
social responsibility on consumer evaluations of the func-
tional performance of the company’s products documented
in the first experiment will be more pronounced when con-
sumers believe that the company’s behavior is motivated by
benevolence rather than by self-interest.
EXPERIMENT 2
The goal of experiment 2 was to test the role of the moral
undertone of a company’s prosocial activities on perceived
product performance. Specifically, we aimed to show that
the positive impact of corporate social responsibility on per-
ceived product performance is more pronounced when con-
sumers believe that a company’s charitable giving is mo-
tivated by benevolence rather than by self-interest. We
examine this proposition in the context of a decision task
that involves density judgment, namely, evaluating the den-
sity of surface coverage associated with the use of a hair
loss treatment.
Method
Two hundred thirty-six participants recruited using Am-
azon Mechanical Turk were assigned to conditions in a 2
(socially responsible behavior: yes vs. no) # 2 (company
motive: benevolence vs. self-interest) between-subjects de-
20. sign. In this study, we manipulated a company’s motive for
engaging in corporate social responsibility by focusing re-
spondents’ attention on either benevolence or self-interest
as a reason behind the socially responsible behavior. Spe-
cifically, respondents in the benevolence condition read,
“Companies often make donations to charity because they
believe it is the moral thing to do. What do you think about
companies that donate for moral reasons?” In contrast, re-
spondents in the self-interest condition read, “Companies
often make donations to charity because they want the pub-
licity. What do you think about companies that donate for
selfish reasons?” The goal of this manipulation was to raise
the prominence in consumers’ minds of benevolence and
self-interest as alternative motives for engaging in corporate
social responsibility.
Following the motive manipulation task, all respondents
participated in a different study in which they were told that
a pharmaceutical company was conducting clinical trials for
a new hair loss treatment. The company’s engagement in
socially responsible behavior was manipulated by informing
some of the respondents that the company donates 20% of
its revenues to charities that provide medicine to the un-
derprivileged.
Respondents were then shown two pictures of a man’s
scalp that were said to be before-and-after pictures showing
the results of using the company’s hair loss treatment. Re-
spondents were asked to rate how much hair grew after the
treatment on a 7-point scale (1 p Very little, 7 p A lot).
This measure served as the dependent variable and was
chosen so that respondents could form a direct evaluation
of product effectiveness.
Results
21. We argued that the impact of corporate social responsi-
bility on perceived product performance would be more
pronounced when consumers believed the behavior was mo-
tivated by benevolence rather than by self-interest. The data
illustrated in figure 2 were consistent with this prediction.
The data show that the effect of corporate social respon-
sibility on perceived product performance was significantly
influenced by consumer beliefs about the company’s mo-
tivation for engaging in socially responsible activities, as
indicated by the significant interaction effect (F(1, 232) p
3.92, p ! .05). This finding lends support to our prediction
that the impact of corporate social responsibility on per-
ceived product performance is more pronounced when the
company actions are motivated by benevolence rather than
self-interest.
Specifically, respondents in the benevolence condition
rated the hair loss treatment as resulting in better hair growth
when they were aware of the company’s prosocial behavior
1418 JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH
FIGURE 2
IMPACT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON
PERCEIVED PRODUCT PERFORMANCE AS A FUNCTION
OF
COMPANY MOTIVE (EXPERIMENT 2)
NOTE.—Values on the vertical axis represent participants’
performance estimates on a 7-point scale, with higher values
indicating greater perceived performance. The data show that
22. corporate social responsibility has a positive effect on perceived
product performance when the company’s motive is believed to
be
benevolence (the difference between the white and black bars
on
the left), but that this effect is weaker when the motive is
believed
to be self-interest (the difference between the white and black
bars
on the right).
than when they were not (M p 5.08, SD p .87 vs. M p
4.70, SD p 1.03; F(1, 232) p 4.14, p ! .05)—a finding
consistent with the data furnished by experiment 1 that cor-
porate social responsibility can bolster product performance
beliefs. In contrast, performance ratings by respondents in
the self-interest condition were essentially the same (M p
4.74, SD p 1.01 vs. M p 4.87, SD p .91; F(1, 232) ! 1,
NS)—a finding consistent with the notion that the observed
effect is driven by a halo stemming from the moral under-
tone of the company’s prosocial activities. Finally, the main
effects of both corporate social responsibility and company
motive were nonsignificant (all p 1 .30), indicating that the
positive halo of corporate social responsibility can be weak-
ened in cases when consumers believe that the firm is mo-
tivated by self-interest rather than benevolence.
Discussion
The data furnished by experiment 2 lend further support
to the notion that a company’s socially responsible behavior
can influence consumers’ perception of actual product per-
formance. Specifically, we show that the impact of corporate
social responsibility on perceived product performance is a
function of the moral undertone of the company’s moti-
vation for engaging in socially responsible activities. Thus,
23. the positive impact of prosocial behavior on perceived prod-
uct performance was more pronounced when consumers be-
lieved that a company’s charitable donations were motivated
by benevolence rather than self-interest. This finding is con-
sistent with the theory that the halo effect associated with
corporate social responsibility implies the presence of a pos-
itive moral sentiment toward the firm’s actions, and that the
halo effect is likely to be less pronounced or even disappear
in the absence of a benevolent motive.
Documenting that the impact of corporate social respon-
sibility is a function of the company’s motivation also pro-
vides evidence for the mechanism underlying the halo effect.
Indeed, one could argue that the beliefs of increased product
performance observed in the first experiment were perfor-
mance driven, whereby giving to charity signals superior
market performance that results in superior products. In this
context, showing that the effect of corporate social respon-
sibility is a function of the company’s motivation for en-
gaging in prosocial behavior can provide more direct evi-
dence of the moral nature of the halo effect.
In experiment 2 we examined the role of company mo-
tivation by directly informing respondents about the ratio-
nale for why companies tend to engage in socially respon-
sible behavior. An alternative approach to examining
whether and how the moral intentions of the company’s
actions influence the perceived performance of its products
is by varying the source of information about a company’s
socially responsible activities—namely, whether the infor-
mation is provided by the company or by an independent
source. The rationale for this manipulation stems from prior
research showing that consumers are more likely to suspect
a company’s true motive is self-interest rather than benev-
olence when the company touts its socially responsible be-
24. havior in its own communications, whereas consumers are
more likely to take the company’s actions at face value and
assume the motive is benevolence when the same com-
munications are provided by an independent source (Yoon
et al. 2006). In this context, varying the source of infor-
mation about the company’s prosocial behavior can provide
further evidence for the moral underpinnings of the halo
effect hypothesized to drive the effects observed in the first
two experiments. We test this prediction in the following
experiment.
EXPERIMENT 3
The goal of experiment 3 was to further examine the moral
underpinnings of the halo effect of a company’s socially
responsible behavior on consumer evaluations of its prod-
ucts by using a different manipulation of the company’s
motivation for engaging in socially responsible activities.
Specifically, rather than directly priming respondents with
information about a company’s motivation for engaging in
acts of corporate social responsibility as in experiment 2,
experiment 3 varied the source of the information about the
company’s activities—either the company itself or an in-
dependent source. We examined this proposition in the con-
text of a decision task that involved color judgment, namely,
CHERNEV AND BLAIR 1419
evaluating different shades of white associated with the use
of a teeth-whitening product.
Method
One hundred and ninety-four respondents were recruited
25. using Amazon Mechanical Turk and assigned to conditions
in a 2 (socially responsible behavior: yes vs. no) # 2 (com-
pany motive: benevolence vs. self-interest) between-subjects
design. Respondents were informed that Ultradent is a major
producer of dental products, including teeth-whitening kits.
The company’s engagement in socially responsible behavior
was manipulated by informing some of the respondents that
Ultradent makes sizable donations to UNICEF, a humani-
tarian organization that provides assistance to children and
mothers in developing countries, whereas the remaining re-
spondents were not provided with this information.
Unlike experiment 2, which primed participants with dif-
ferent motives—benevolence or self-interest—for the com-
pany’s socially responsible behavior, in this study we used
a more subtle manipulation of the company’s motive that
involved varying the source of the information about the
company’s socially responsible activities. Specifically, re-
spondents in the benevolence condition were told that the
information they received was an excerpt taken from a recent
news story on the company by an independent news or-
ganization that monitors corporate behavior. In contrast, re-
spondents in the self-interest condition were told that the
information was an excerpt taken from a recent company
advertisement. Consistent with prior research (Yoon et al.
2006), we reasoned that respondents would be more likely
to believe that the socially responsible activities were mo-
tivated by self-interest rather than benevolence when they
learned about these activities from a company advertisement
emphasizing the company’s moral character than when they
learned about it from an independent source.
Respondents subsequently were shown two pictures of
tooth images from a standard dental shade guide used by
dental practitioners. These images, one shade apart on the
shade guide, were described as before-and-after pictures
26. showing the results of using Ultradent’s teeth-whitening
product. The tooth image with the slightly darker shade was
said to be the before picture and the tooth image with the
slightly lighter shade was said to be the after picture. Re-
spondents were asked to rate on a 7-point scale (1 p Very
poorly, 7 p Very well) how well they thought the teeth-
whitening product performed. As in the previous experi-
ment, this measure was chosen to enable respondents to
provide an unbiased evaluation of product performance
(shades of white) and form product judgments based on the
readily available information.
Results
We expected that the impact of corporate social respon-
sibility on perceived product performance would be stronger
when respondents learned about the company’s charitable
giving from an independent source (signaling benevolence)
rather than from a company advertisement emphasizing its
socially responsible behavior (signaling self-interest). The
data summarized in figure 3 were consistent with this pre-
diction.
The data show that the effect of corporate social respon-
sibility on perceived product performance was significantly
influenced by consumer beliefs about the company’s mo-
tivation for engaging in socially responsible activities, as
indicated by the significant interaction effect (F(1, 190) p
6.31, p p .01). This finding is consistent with our prediction
that the impact of corporate social responsibility on per-
ceived product performance is more pronounced when the
company’s actions are believed to be motivated by benev-
olence rather than self-interest.
Specifically, the data show that when information about
27. the company’s socially responsible activities was said to
come from an independent source (benevolence condition),
respondents rated the teeth-whitening product as performing
better than when the information came from the company
M p 4.06, SD p 1.37 vs. M p 3.32, SD p 1.73; F(1,
190) p 5.85, p ! .05)—a finding consistent with the data
reported in the first two experiments showing that acts of
prosocial behavior can bolster perceived product perfor-
mance. In contrast, when the information about the com-
pany’s socially responsible activities was said to come from
a company advertisement (self-interest condition), perfor-
mance ratings by respondents were essentially the same (M
p 3.36, SD p 1.48 vs. M p 3.73, SD p 1.52; F(1, 190)
p 1.35, NS)—a finding consistent with the notion that the
observed effect is driven by a halo stemming from the moral
undertone of the company’s prosocial activities. Finally, the
main effects of both corporate social responsibility and com-
pany motive were nonsignificant (all p 1 .40), indicating
that the positive halo of corporate social responsibility can
be weakened in cases when consumers believe that the firm
is motivated by self-interest rather than benevolence.
Discussion
The results of experiment 3 show that corporate social
responsibility can bolster perceptions of product perfor-
mance and that this effect is more pronounced when con-
sumers believe that a company’s motivation for engaging
in prosocial behavior is benevolence rather than self-interest.
We further show that the presence of subtle cues can provide
a sufficient basis for consumers to make inferences about a
company’s motivation for engaging in prosocial activities,
and that these inferences are strong enough to influence
perceptions of product performance. Specifically, we doc-
ument that the positive impact of a company’s socially re-
sponsible activities on perceived product performance is
28. more pronounced when consumers learn about these activ-
ities from an independent source than when they learn about
them from a company advertisement emphasizing its char-
itable donations.
The differential impact of the source of information about
the company’s prosocial behavior is important in light of
the research suggesting that the impact of corporate social
1420 JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH
FIGURE 3
IMPACT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON
PERCEIVED PRODUCT PERFORMANCE AS A FUNCTION
OF
COMPANY MOTIVE (EXPERIMENT 3)
NOTE.—Values on the vertical axis represent participants’
performance estimates on a 7-point scale, with higher values
indicating greater perceived performance. The data show that
corporate social responsibility has a positive effect on perceived
product performance when the company’s motive is believed to
be
benevolence (the difference between the white and black bars
on
the left), but that this effect is weaker when the motive is
believed
to be self-interest (the difference between the white and black
bars
on the right).
responsibility activities on the value of the firm is positively
29. related to advertising intensity, whereby publicizing a firm’s
corporate social responsibility activities is a necessary con-
dition for these activities to benefit the firm (McWilliams
and Siegel 2001; Servaes and Tamayo 2013). In this context,
we show that the effect of publicizing a company’s prosocial
activities depends on the manner in which this publicity is
generated: It is more likely to have a positive effect on
perceived product performance (and hence create value for
the company) in cases when the company’s activities are
communicated by a third party than when touted by the
company itself.
We argued that the effect observed in the first three studies
stems from the moral halo of the company’s socially re-
sponsible activities. Specifically, we attributed the halo ef-
fect of the firm’s socially responsible behavior on the func-
tional performance of its products to consumers’ positive
moral sentiment toward the firm’s actions. This argument
further implies that the effect should be a function not only
of the company’s motivation but also of the consumer’s
value system, such that the effect will be more pronounced
when the motive behind the company’s actions is aligned
with consumers’ moral values. We test this prediction in the
following experiment, in which we examine whether the
positive effect of a benevolent rather than self-interested
motive for corporate social responsibility is stronger for
individuals who believe in the importance of giving back
to society.
EXPERIMENT 4
The first three studies provide converging evidence that
consumers perceive products made by socially responsible
companies to have superior performance. Building on these
findings, experiment 4 aims to provide deeper insight into
30. how a company’s motivation for engaging in prosocial ac-
tivities (benevolence vs. self-interest) and the subjective im-
portance of social goodwill influences perceived product
performance. We examine these two factors in the context
of a decision task that involves evaluating the perceived
sharpness of text generated by scanning software.
Method
Respondents were 77 participants in an executive seminar
who volunteered to participate in the experiment. The design
included two factors, one of which was manipulated between
subjects (company motive: benevolence vs. self-interest)
and one of which was measured (subjective importance of
social goodwill). Each participant was presented with a de-
scription of SmartScan, a fictitious company producing soft-
ware that helps digitize and preserve print content by im-
proving the resolution of text scanned from books. Participants
were also informed that SmartScan donates 3% of its profits
to the American Cancer Society.
Next, respondents in the benevolence condition were told
that the company continued its charitable work even in the
toughest economic times because giving back to society was
aligned with their values. In contrast, respondents in the
self-interest condition were told that the company’s primary
motivation for donating was public image and that company
executives did not care about the particular charity as long
as it generated positive press.
Next, respondents were shown a sample text illustrating
the effectiveness of SmartScan’s technology. The sample
consisted of two sets of printed letters that varied in reso-
lution. The lower resolution text was labeled “Without
SmartScan,” and the higher resolution text was labeled
“With SmartScan.” Perceived product performance was mea-
31. sured by asking respondents to rate how much SmartScan
improved the text resolution on a 7-point scale (1 p Not at
all, 7 p Very much). We measured the subjective importance
of social goodwill by asking respondents to indicate the
degree to which corporate benevolence was important to
them personally (“How important do you think it is for
companies to give back to society?”) on a 7-point scale (1
p Not at all important, 7 p Very important).
Results
We expected that the impact of the company’s motive for
engaging in socially responsible activities (benevolence vs.
CHERNEV AND BLAIR 1421
FIGURE 4
IMPACT OF COMPANY MOTIVE FOR ENGAGING IN
SOCIALLY
RESPONSIBLE ACTIVITIES ON PERCEIVED PRODUCT
PERFORMANCE AS A FUNCTION OF CONSUMER
VALUES (EXPERIMENT 4)
NOTE.—Values on the vertical axis represent participants’
performance estimates on a 7-point scale, with higher values
indicating greater perceived performance. For presentation
purposes,
respondents were divided into two groups (low vs. high
importance
corresponds to �1 SD vs. �1 SD from the mean); statistical
analysis
was performed treating importance as a continuous variable.
32. The
data show that perceived product performance is higher when a
company’s prosocial behavior is motivated by benevolence (vs.
self-
interest) but that this effect occurs only for consumers who
believe
that companies are morally obligated to engage in social
goodwill
(white bar on right vs. black bar on right). Company motive had
no
effect for those consumers who do not believe social goodwill is
important (white bar on left vs. black bar on left).
self-interest) on perceived product performance would be
stronger for respondents who believed it was important for
companies to give back to society. To test the validity of
this prediction, we analyzed the standardized data using a
regression model in which perceived product performance
was a function of company motive, subjective importance
of social goodwill, and their interaction. Analysis at mean
levels of importance revealed that respondents perceived
that SmartScan improved the text resolution to a greater
extent when they were in the benevolence condition (M p
4.62, SD p 1.34) than when they were in the self-interest
condition (M p 3.53, SD p 1.22; b p .79, SE p .20, p
p .001)—a finding consistent with the data reported by
experiments 2 and 3.
More important, the effect of company motive on per-
ceived product performance was a function of the subjective
importance of social goodwill (b p .56, SE p .20, p !
.01). We explored this interaction using a spotlight analysis
(Aiken and West 1991) at 1 standard deviation above and
below the mean of importance (see fig. 4). At 1 standard
deviation above the mean of importance (respondents who
believed more strongly in the importance of social good-
33. will), perceived product performance was significantly
higher when the company’s motive was benevolence rather
than self-interest (b p 1.35, SE p .28, p ! .001). In contrast,
the corresponding analysis at 1 standard deviation below
the mean of importance (respondents who expressed lower
conviction in the importance of social goodwill) indicated
that the company’s motive had no effect on perceived prod-
uct performance (b p .23, SE p .28, NS). These findings
lend support to our prediction that the impact of the com-
pany’s motive for engaging in charitable giving on perceived
product performance is a function of respondents’ moral
values.
Discussion
The results of experiment 4 provide converging evidence
in support of our proposition that a company’s prosocial
behavior can benefit the perceived performance of its prod-
ucts and that this effect tends to be more pronounced when
consumers believe the company’s actions are motivated by
benevolence rather than self-interest. More important, we
also show that this effect varies as a function of consumers’
moral orientation, whereby a benevolent (vs. self-interested)
company motive improves perceived product performance
only to the extent that consumers believe companies are
morally obligated to engage in social goodwill. These find-
ings are consistent with our thesis that the effect of corporate
social responsibility on perceived product performance is
driven by the moral halo stemming from consumers’ eval-
uation of the company’s benevolent motive.
In addition to its conceptual contribution, experiment 4
documents the robustness of the effects documented in the
first three experiments by demonstrating the hypothesized
effects in a different product category (software) and in a
different performance domain (text resolution). Further-
34. more, this study helps address the possibility that the effect
of socially responsible actions on perceived product per-
formance reported in experiments 2 and 3 was a result of
increased trust in largely untrustworthy categories such as
hair restoration and teeth whitening. Experiment 4 helps
alleviate this concern by documenting this effect in the trust-
neutral category of resolution-enhancement software.
GENERAL DISCUSSION
In this research we show that a company’s socially re-
sponsible behavior can actually change consumers’ percep-
tions of how the company’s products perform, such that
products created by socially responsible companies are ex-
perienced as performing better. We further show that this
effect depends on consumers’ expertise, such that corporate
social responsibility is more likely to influence perceived
performance for consumers who are less familiar with the
particular product category. We also document that the pos-
itive impact of corporate social responsibility on product
1422 JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH
performance is a function of the moral undertone of the
company’s prosocial behavior, such that the positive impact
of corporate social responsibility is attenuated when con-
sumers believe that the company’s actions are driven by
self-interest rather than by benevolence. In this context, we
show that a company’s prosocial behavior is more likely to
benefit perceived product performance when it is aligned
with consumers’ moral values. Furthermore, we document
the impact of corporate social responsibility even when ac-
tual product performance is readily observable and consum-
35. ers directly experience the product. The fact that we find
significant effect across different consumption domains, in-
cluding taste, density assessment, color comparison, and res-
olution assessment, reflects the robustness of the effect of
corporate social responsibility on perceived product perfor-
mance.
This research focused on the impact of corporate social
responsibility on perceived product performance in scenar-
ios in which the domain of a company’s prosocial behavior
was unrelated to its core competencies and the functional
performance of its products. An important question not ad-
dressed in this research involves the impact of corporate
social responsibility in cases when the prosocial behavior
is in the same domain as the company’s core competencies,
such as in the case of product innovations involving socially
responsible technologies. In this case, one could argue that
the observed effect of corporate social responsibility on per-
ceived product performance might be reversed, whereby the
halo effect would be replaced by compensatory inferences
that weaken rather than strengthen perceived product per-
formance (Chernev 2007; Chernev and Carpenter 2001;
Newman et al. 2014). Investigating the impact of corporate
social responsibility on perceived product performance as a
function of the nature of company’s prosocial behavior is
a promising direction for further research.
From a theoretical standpoint, our findings contribute to
the research on inference making by documenting that ir-
relevant information, such as a company’s charitable activ-
ities, can influence consumers’ actual product experience
—an important finding given the conventional wisdom that
inferences are unlikely to occur when relevant product-spe-
cific information is readily accessible (Chernev and Ham-
ilton 2008; Dick et al. 1990; Hoch and Ha 1986). We further
show that these inferences are relatively strong and can
36. change performance evaluations even when consumers can
directly experience the product.
Our findings further contribute to the literature on cor-
porate social responsibility (Brown and Dacin 1997; Creyer
and Ross 1997; Sen and Bhattacharya 2001) by demon-
strating that the benefit of social goodwill is not limited to
creating positive associations about the company—as as-
sumed by most prior research—and that social goodwill can
also enhance the perceived performance of a company’s
products. In this context, we identify conditions in which
social goodwill is likely to influence perceived product per-
formance and document the role of consumer beliefs about
the company’s underlying motivation for engaging in pro-
social behavior.
From a managerial standpoint, our findings help foster
investments in socially responsible activities by document-
ing that doing good can indeed translate into doing well.
Contrary to the popular view among many executives that
corporate social responsibility is unlikely to benefit the com-
pany’s performance, our findings suggest that in addition
to benefiting society, corporate social responsibility can con-
tribute to the company’s bottom line by improving consum-
ers’ evaluations of the company’s products. Our findings
further suggest that the impact of corporate social respon-
sibility on consumer perceptions of product performance is
likely to be particularly relevant in cases when product qual-
ity is not readily observable and/or consumers do not have
clearly articulated preferences. Thus, the more ambiguous
the product experience is, the greater the likelihood that a
company’s prosocial behavior will positively influence this
experience, strengthening consumer preferences and in-
creasing the likelihood of buying the product.
37. The finding that doing good is a precursor to doing well
lends support to the principle of shared value, which ad-
vocates creating economic benefits for the firm in a way
that benefits the society (Porter and Kramer 2011). Consis-
tent with the principle of shared value, our findings suggest
that in order to derive economic benefits from corporate
social responsibility, the company needs to internalize so-
cietal values and align its motivation with these values. In
this context, our findings underscore the importance of com-
municating the company’s motivation for engaging in pro-
social behavior. This is important because managers com-
monly characterize socially responsible behavior primarily
in terms of the specific cause being supported and the mag-
nitude of the contribution, rarely articulating the company’s
underlying motivation. By documenting the role of the com-
pany’s motives for engaging in prosocial behavior, our re-
search advances the development of effective communica-
tion strategies that will ensure that benevolent companies
are rewarded for their prosocial behavior.
Our research further highlights the importance of the
means used by the company to create awareness of its so-
cially responsible activities. Specifically, our findings imply
that advertising might not be the best approach to inform
customers about the company’s charitable activities and that
information stemming from third-party sources is likely to
be more effective in convincing the public of the benevolent
nature of the company’s actions. Thus, social media and
public relations rather than the company’s own advertising
may be the venues of choice to facilitate the positive impact
of corporate social responsibility on the perceived perfor-
mance of the company’s products.
The ubiquity of social media and the increasing impact
of product ratings on brand choice have dramatically ex-
panded the role of actual product experience in the consumer
38. decision process. As products become commoditized and
technology-based differentiation becomes more difficult,
consumers tend to rely more heavily on the shared expe-
CHERNEV AND BLAIR 1423
riences of their peers, captured in product reviews, ratings,
and recommendations. In this context, by fostering positive
product experiences that are, in turn, amplified by the power
of social media, corporate social responsibility can play a
key role in differentiating the company’s products.
DATA COLLECTION INFORMATION
The first author supervised the collection of data for the
first and the fourth studies in an executive education seminar
at the Kellogg School of Management in the fall of 2009
and in the winter of 2014. The second author analyzed these
data. The second author managed the collection and analysis
of data for studies 2 and 3 using Amazon Mechanical Turk
in the fall and summer of 2012.
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