Matti Mikkola:Basic income as remedy for violations of human rights! Basic income – basic rights symposium 24.11.2014 Kela, Helsinki.

1. Basic income – basic rights NPI - Kela, Helsinki 24 November 2014 Basic income as remedy for violations of human rights!
Matti Mikkola
Professor of Labour Law (emeritus)
University of Helsinki

2. Matti Mikkola Kela 24.11.2014
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Categories of minimum standards under the European Social Charter (the ESC)
Social security (insurance) benefits:
Art. 12§2 of the ESC:
Reference to ILO 102 and Social Code of the Coe
40 – 50 % in relation to previous wage (1952; 1964)
Minimum social income:
(Art.12§1 and Art.13§1 of the ESC)
50% (never below 40%) of the country’s net median
equivalised household income per adult (2004)

3. Matti Mikkola Kela 24.11.2014
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Contingency
Percentage*
ILO-102 Soc. Code Protocol
Short term benefits
1.Sickness
2.Maternity
3.Unemployment
45 45 50
4. Employment injury
a) Incapacity for work
b) Total loss of earning capacity
c) Survivors
50 50 50**
40 40 45
Long term benefits
5.Invalidity
6. Old age
7. Survivors
40 40 50
40 40 45***
Employment-related minimum to standard beneficiaries
(ILO 1952, Social code and protocol of 1964)

4. Matti Mikkola Kela 24.11.2014
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Minimum thresholds of social income
under Art. 12§2 and 12§1 of the ESC
CAPITAL INCOME
WAGES
SOCIAL INCOME
Non-working
population
Managers
Precarious
work
Net median income
12§1 50 % of net median income
Subsistence minimum
12§2 40 – 50 % of previous wage
12§1 40 % of net median income

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Combination of minimum thresholds
.
Art.12§1 of the ESC
50% of the net median income
Guaranteed income
Art. 12§2 of the ESC 40 – 50 % of earnings
Less in
precarious work

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50 % of net average income as minimum Conclusions of the ECSR in 2013 (situation 2011)
€ Soc. Sec. Soc. Ass. Art. 12§1 Art.13§1
Norway 1.514 + - (- *)
Denmark 1.100 + + (- *)
Sweden 938 - +
Finland 909 - +
Netherlands 846 + +
Germany 793 o o
Greece 458 - -
Bulgaria 121 - -
Romania 88 - -
+ positive
o deferral,
- negative,
* unequal treatment

7. Matti Mikkola Kela 24.11.2014
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Basic income - Finland 2015 - in compliance with the human rights -
1.000 € per month