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MORPHOGENETIC REGIONS.pptx
This document discusses morphogenetic regions, which are areas classified based on dominant geomorphic processes influenced by climate. It provides context on the concept of regions and defines morphogenetic and functional regions. It then discusses geomorphology and climatic geomorphology, noting how climate affects landform development. Several theories on classifying morphogenetic regions are summarized, including those proposed by Peltier based on temperature and precipitation ranges, and Köppen based on vegetation zones. Dominant geomorphic processes are described for different proposed morphoclimatic zones.
El nino and La nina
El Niño and La Niña are climate patterns characterized by fluctuations in sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. During El Niño, warm water shifts eastward, suppressing coastal upwelling and reducing nutrients. La Niña has the opposite effect, with stronger trade winds pushing warm water westward and enhancing coastal upwelling and nutrients. These changes impact global weather patterns and ocean productivity.
Periglacial landforms-processes, formation
This document describes several types of periglacial landforms including nivation hollows, blockfields, stone polygons, coombe rock, ice-wedge polygons, pingos, scree, and solifluction lobes. Nivation hollows are depressions formed by freeze-thaw action under patches of snow, blockfields are areas with angular boulders left by frost weathering, and stone polygons feature symmetrical patterns of rearranged ground materials caused by frost action. The document provides examples and descriptions of each landform type.
Pre-Monsoon - Western Disturbance
Western disturbances originate over the Caspian Sea and Mediterranean Sea as subtropical cyclones south of 20°N, then travel over Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and into the Indian subcontinent including Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, and sometimes northeastern regions. They bring winter and pre-monsoon rainfall which is important for crops like wheat in northern regions. In the absence of moisture, strong upward air currents carry dust and cause dust storms. Western disturbances typically occur between January and April.
Periglacial Landforms: an in-depth study
This document describes several types of periglacial landforms including nivation hollows, blockfields, stone polygons, coombe rock, ice-wedge polygons, pingos, scree, and solifluction lobes. Nivation hollows are depressions formed by freeze-thaw action under patches of snow, blockfields are areas with angular boulders left by frost weathering, and stone polygons feature symmetrical patterns of rearranged ground materials caused by frost action. The document provides examples and descriptions of each landform type.
CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY A2 REVISION - TROPICAL ENVIRONMENTS: TROPICAL LANDFORMS
CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY A2 REVISION - TROPICAL ENVIRONMENTS: TROPICAL LANDFORMS. Contains: tors, inselbergs, pediplanation, peneplanation, etchplain, tower karst, cockpit karst, basalt surface of weathering, saprolite, relict features, duricrusts, topic summary, additional work, suggested websites.
Recommended
MORPHOGENETIC REGIONS.pptx
This document discusses morphogenetic regions, which are areas classified based on dominant geomorphic processes influenced by climate. It provides context on the concept of regions and defines morphogenetic and functional regions. It then discusses geomorphology and climatic geomorphology, noting how climate affects landform development. Several theories on classifying morphogenetic regions are summarized, including those proposed by Peltier based on temperature and precipitation ranges, and Köppen based on vegetation zones. Dominant geomorphic processes are described for different proposed morphoclimatic zones.
El nino and La nina
El Niño and La Niña are climate patterns characterized by fluctuations in sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. During El Niño, warm water shifts eastward, suppressing coastal upwelling and reducing nutrients. La Niña has the opposite effect, with stronger trade winds pushing warm water westward and enhancing coastal upwelling and nutrients. These changes impact global weather patterns and ocean productivity.
Periglacial landforms-processes, formation
This document describes several types of periglacial landforms including nivation hollows, blockfields, stone polygons, coombe rock, ice-wedge polygons, pingos, scree, and solifluction lobes. Nivation hollows are depressions formed by freeze-thaw action under patches of snow, blockfields are areas with angular boulders left by frost weathering, and stone polygons feature symmetrical patterns of rearranged ground materials caused by frost action. The document provides examples and descriptions of each landform type.
Pre-Monsoon - Western Disturbance
Western disturbances originate over the Caspian Sea and Mediterranean Sea as subtropical cyclones south of 20°N, then travel over Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and into the Indian subcontinent including Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, and sometimes northeastern regions. They bring winter and pre-monsoon rainfall which is important for crops like wheat in northern regions. In the absence of moisture, strong upward air currents carry dust and cause dust storms. Western disturbances typically occur between January and April.
Periglacial Landforms: an in-depth study
This document describes several types of periglacial landforms including nivation hollows, blockfields, stone polygons, coombe rock, ice-wedge polygons, pingos, scree, and solifluction lobes. Nivation hollows are depressions formed by freeze-thaw action under patches of snow, blockfields are areas with angular boulders left by frost weathering, and stone polygons feature symmetrical patterns of rearranged ground materials caused by frost action. The document provides examples and descriptions of each landform type.
CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY A2 REVISION - TROPICAL ENVIRONMENTS: TROPICAL LANDFORMS
CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY A2 REVISION - TROPICAL ENVIRONMENTS: TROPICAL LANDFORMS. Contains: tors, inselbergs, pediplanation, peneplanation, etchplain, tower karst, cockpit karst, basalt surface of weathering, saprolite, relict features, duricrusts, topic summary, additional work, suggested websites.
El nino & its effects
This PowerPoint presentation will tell you about the El Nino, its causes and its impact on the different region of earth including case study of El Nino that occured in 1982-83.
Lecture cyclone 1
Bangladesh is prone to cyclones due to its geographic location in the Bay of Bengal. Cyclones develop over the warm waters of the Bay, gaining energy, before tracking westward towards Bangladesh. The country's low-lying delta lands provide no protection from high winds and storm surges. Some of the deadliest cyclones in history have impacted Bangladesh, such as the devastating 1970 Bhola cyclone that killed 300,000 people. Common impacts of major cyclones include heavy rainfall, flooding, and high winds that can lead to widespread damage. Climate change is also expected to increase the risks from cyclones and sea level rise in Bangladesh in the future.
Periglacial Processes
Periglacial processes occur in areas surrounding glaciers where freeze-thaw action takes place. This leads to the formation of various landforms through processes like solifluction, frost heaving, and mass movement. Permafrost and seasonal thawing causes saturated soil to flow downhill, forming lobes and terraces. Patterned ground also results from frost action pushing stones upwards until they roll downhill into organized patterns.
El nino & la nina tam 2013-22
El Niño and La Niña are climate patterns caused by changes in sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. El Niño brings warmer than average sea temperatures which can cause excessive rainfall and flooding, while La Niña causes cooler temperatures leading to drier conditions and increased wildfires. These phenomena impact weather worldwide and affect crop production, hurricanes, and temperatures in different regions. Scientists monitor these events using satellites, buoys, and other technologies to help predict their effects and allow communities to better prepare.
Air masses and its types
This document discusses air masses and their types. It defines an air mass as a large body of air with similar temperature and humidity that forms in stable source regions. There are two main types of air masses - continental and maritime. Continental air masses originate over landmasses and are usually dry, while maritime air masses originate over large bodies of water and are usually moist. Specific continental air masses include tropical (cT), mid-latitude (cM), and polar (cP). Maritime air masses include tropical (mT), mid-latitude (mM), and polar (mP). Each air mass has distinct characteristics depending on its source region and how it interacts with terrain as it moves across regions.
River bank erosion, its migration, causes
Riverbank Erosion is an endemic natural hazard in our country.
When rivers enter the mature, they become sluggish and
meander or braid. These oscillations cause extreme riverbank
erosion. It is a perennial problem in our country.
• It has been estimated that tens of thousands of people are
displaced annually by river erosion in Bangladesh, possibly up to
100,000. Many households are forced to move away from their
homesteads due to riverbank erosion and flood.
• As per different sources, 500 kilometres of riverbank face
severe problems related to erosion. The northwest part of the
country is particularly prone to riverbank erosion, which has
turned the region into an economically depressed area.
Atmospheric forces and winds-Climatology Chapter
Atmospheric forces cause global wind patterns. Unequal heating of the Earth's surface drives atmospheric circulation in three cells - the Hadley cell brings warm air to the subtropics, the Ferrel cell moves air poleward, and polar easterlies circulate around the poles. Local winds include sea and land breezes near coasts, monsoon winds over Asia, and downslope winds like Chinooks and Santa Anas. Jet streams and global pressure patterns influence precipitation and ocean currents, while phenomena like El Niño alter weather worldwide.
19
This chapter discusses glacial systems and the landforms they create. It describes the two major types of glaciers - alpine and continental - and how they flow via internal deformation and basal sliding. Glaciers erode primarily through plucking and abrasion, transporting material and leaving behind distinctive depositional features like moraines, drumlins, and eskers. Continental ice sheets during the Pleistocene epoch shaped much of North America and Europe through erosion of cirques, arêtes, and fjords, and deposition of till plains, outwash plains, and erratic boulders.
Geomorphology and landforms
Geomorphology is the scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape them. It is derived from the Greek words "geo" meaning earth and "morph" meaning form. Geomorphology helps us understand geomorphological processes in different environments, detect natural hazards, identify landforms, and conduct coastal and river research. There are three main types of geomorphology: physical, chemical, and biological. The key geomorphic processes that shape landforms are erosion, transportation, and deposition, which involve the physical and chemical interaction between the earth's surface and natural forces.
Geomorphology good pdf.pdf
This document provides an overview of geomorphology, the study of landforms and the processes that shape Earth's surface. It discusses key topics in geomorphology including the importance of understanding landforming processes, geologic timescales, physiographic provinces and the concept of scale in landforms. The document traces the history of geomorphic thought from early observations and hypotheses to modern quantitative approaches. It also covers important concepts in geomorphology such as equilibrium, base level, graded stream profiles, and coastal equilibrium.
Management of drinking water catchments in agricultural landscapes
http://www.fao.org/about/meetings/agroecology-symposium-china/en/
Presentation of Alexander Wezel, from ISARA, on management of drinking water catchments in agricultural landscapes. The presentation was prepared and delivered in occasion of the International Symposium on Agroecology in China, held in Kunming, China on 29-31 August 2016.
Precipitation
Precipitation forms when water vapor in clouds condenses around particles and becomes too heavy to remain suspended. It can fall as rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow, or hail depending on temperature. Rain forms below freezing when water droplets freeze on contact. Sleet forms when rain falls through below freezing air and freezes into ice pellets before hitting the ground. Snow forms when water vapor deposits directly onto nuclei as ice crystals below freezing through deposition. Hail forms in thunderstorms when ice crystals are carried up and down in the storm, accumulating concentric layers.
Scope of settlement geography
The primary aim of studying settlement geography is to acquaint with the spatial and structural characteristics of human settlements under varied environmental conditions.
Population AS A-Level geography
The document discusses key concepts relating to population, including birth rate, mortality rate, life expectancy, and population density. It summarizes the views of Thomas Malthus and Ester Boserup on the relationship between population growth and food supply. It also describes and compares the rural area of Longton and inner-city area of Fishwick in Preston, highlighting differences in housing, ethnicity, age, wealth, employment, and services between the two locations. Finally, it discusses impacts and issues relating to an aging population in the UK and pros and cons of using the Demographic Transition Model to understand population change over time.
weathering
The presentation discusses the processes of weathering and erosion. It defines weathering as the breakdown of rocks through physical or chemical means without transportation, while erosion is the transportation and deposition of weathered materials by agents such as wind, water or ice. The key types of weathering are physical weathering which breaks rocks into smaller pieces without chemical change, and chemical weathering which alters the chemical composition of rocks through processes like oxidation and carbonation.
Climate classification prepared by Dr.BABU N
The document discusses climate classification according to the Koppen system. It begins by defining climate and contrasting it with weather. It then explains the Koppen system classifies climates based on temperature and precipitation zones that correspond with vegetation types. The major climate zones include tropical, dry, mild, and polar climates. Within these zones are subtypes defined by factors like rainfall patterns, proximity to bodies of water, and temperature ranges. The Koppen system provides a standardized way to categorize and compare climates around the world based on observable environmental factors.
Zona monzonica.
Este documento describe las características de las zonas monzónicas. Se encuentran principalmente en el sureste asiático, incluyendo países como India, Bangladesh y Birmania. Tienen un clima cálido y húmedo con fuertes lluvias estacionales causadas por los monzones. La agricultura es muy productiva en estas regiones, cultivándose arroz, yute y té. La flora incluye densas junglas con árboles como caoba y teca, así como bambú. La fauna nativa ha disminuido pero aún
Precipitation
Environmental hydrology involves the study of precipitation, which is a key input in hydrology. Precipitation occurs through various processes including cooling of air masses, condensation of water vapor, and growth of water droplets. It takes different forms such as rain, snow, hail, and sleet. Precipitation data is important for applications in agriculture, water resources management, and design of hydraulic structures. It is analyzed using techniques like consistency checks using double mass curves and estimation of missing data.
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What's hot
El nino & its effects
This PowerPoint presentation will tell you about the El Nino, its causes and its impact on the different region of earth including case study of El Nino that occured in 1982-83.
Lecture cyclone 1
Bangladesh is prone to cyclones due to its geographic location in the Bay of Bengal. Cyclones develop over the warm waters of the Bay, gaining energy, before tracking westward towards Bangladesh. The country's low-lying delta lands provide no protection from high winds and storm surges. Some of the deadliest cyclones in history have impacted Bangladesh, such as the devastating 1970 Bhola cyclone that killed 300,000 people. Common impacts of major cyclones include heavy rainfall, flooding, and high winds that can lead to widespread damage. Climate change is also expected to increase the risks from cyclones and sea level rise in Bangladesh in the future.
Periglacial Processes
Periglacial processes occur in areas surrounding glaciers where freeze-thaw action takes place. This leads to the formation of various landforms through processes like solifluction, frost heaving, and mass movement. Permafrost and seasonal thawing causes saturated soil to flow downhill, forming lobes and terraces. Patterned ground also results from frost action pushing stones upwards until they roll downhill into organized patterns.
El nino & la nina tam 2013-22
El Niño and La Niña are climate patterns caused by changes in sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. El Niño brings warmer than average sea temperatures which can cause excessive rainfall and flooding, while La Niña causes cooler temperatures leading to drier conditions and increased wildfires. These phenomena impact weather worldwide and affect crop production, hurricanes, and temperatures in different regions. Scientists monitor these events using satellites, buoys, and other technologies to help predict their effects and allow communities to better prepare.
Air masses and its types
This document discusses air masses and their types. It defines an air mass as a large body of air with similar temperature and humidity that forms in stable source regions. There are two main types of air masses - continental and maritime. Continental air masses originate over landmasses and are usually dry, while maritime air masses originate over large bodies of water and are usually moist. Specific continental air masses include tropical (cT), mid-latitude (cM), and polar (cP). Maritime air masses include tropical (mT), mid-latitude (mM), and polar (mP). Each air mass has distinct characteristics depending on its source region and how it interacts with terrain as it moves across regions.
River bank erosion, its migration, causes
Riverbank Erosion is an endemic natural hazard in our country.
When rivers enter the mature, they become sluggish and
meander or braid. These oscillations cause extreme riverbank
erosion. It is a perennial problem in our country.
• It has been estimated that tens of thousands of people are
displaced annually by river erosion in Bangladesh, possibly up to
100,000. Many households are forced to move away from their
homesteads due to riverbank erosion and flood.
• As per different sources, 500 kilometres of riverbank face
severe problems related to erosion. The northwest part of the
country is particularly prone to riverbank erosion, which has
turned the region into an economically depressed area.
Atmospheric forces and winds-Climatology Chapter
Atmospheric forces cause global wind patterns. Unequal heating of the Earth's surface drives atmospheric circulation in three cells - the Hadley cell brings warm air to the subtropics, the Ferrel cell moves air poleward, and polar easterlies circulate around the poles. Local winds include sea and land breezes near coasts, monsoon winds over Asia, and downslope winds like Chinooks and Santa Anas. Jet streams and global pressure patterns influence precipitation and ocean currents, while phenomena like El Niño alter weather worldwide.
19
This chapter discusses glacial systems and the landforms they create. It describes the two major types of glaciers - alpine and continental - and how they flow via internal deformation and basal sliding. Glaciers erode primarily through plucking and abrasion, transporting material and leaving behind distinctive depositional features like moraines, drumlins, and eskers. Continental ice sheets during the Pleistocene epoch shaped much of North America and Europe through erosion of cirques, arêtes, and fjords, and deposition of till plains, outwash plains, and erratic boulders.
Geomorphology and landforms
Geomorphology is the scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape them. It is derived from the Greek words "geo" meaning earth and "morph" meaning form. Geomorphology helps us understand geomorphological processes in different environments, detect natural hazards, identify landforms, and conduct coastal and river research. There are three main types of geomorphology: physical, chemical, and biological. The key geomorphic processes that shape landforms are erosion, transportation, and deposition, which involve the physical and chemical interaction between the earth's surface and natural forces.
Geomorphology good pdf.pdf
This document provides an overview of geomorphology, the study of landforms and the processes that shape Earth's surface. It discusses key topics in geomorphology including the importance of understanding landforming processes, geologic timescales, physiographic provinces and the concept of scale in landforms. The document traces the history of geomorphic thought from early observations and hypotheses to modern quantitative approaches. It also covers important concepts in geomorphology such as equilibrium, base level, graded stream profiles, and coastal equilibrium.
Management of drinking water catchments in agricultural landscapes
http://www.fao.org/about/meetings/agroecology-symposium-china/en/
Presentation of Alexander Wezel, from ISARA, on management of drinking water catchments in agricultural landscapes. The presentation was prepared and delivered in occasion of the International Symposium on Agroecology in China, held in Kunming, China on 29-31 August 2016.
Precipitation
Precipitation forms when water vapor in clouds condenses around particles and becomes too heavy to remain suspended. It can fall as rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow, or hail depending on temperature. Rain forms below freezing when water droplets freeze on contact. Sleet forms when rain falls through below freezing air and freezes into ice pellets before hitting the ground. Snow forms when water vapor deposits directly onto nuclei as ice crystals below freezing through deposition. Hail forms in thunderstorms when ice crystals are carried up and down in the storm, accumulating concentric layers.
Scope of settlement geography
The primary aim of studying settlement geography is to acquaint with the spatial and structural characteristics of human settlements under varied environmental conditions.
Population AS A-Level geography
The document discusses key concepts relating to population, including birth rate, mortality rate, life expectancy, and population density. It summarizes the views of Thomas Malthus and Ester Boserup on the relationship between population growth and food supply. It also describes and compares the rural area of Longton and inner-city area of Fishwick in Preston, highlighting differences in housing, ethnicity, age, wealth, employment, and services between the two locations. Finally, it discusses impacts and issues relating to an aging population in the UK and pros and cons of using the Demographic Transition Model to understand population change over time.
weathering
The presentation discusses the processes of weathering and erosion. It defines weathering as the breakdown of rocks through physical or chemical means without transportation, while erosion is the transportation and deposition of weathered materials by agents such as wind, water or ice. The key types of weathering are physical weathering which breaks rocks into smaller pieces without chemical change, and chemical weathering which alters the chemical composition of rocks through processes like oxidation and carbonation.
Climate classification prepared by Dr.BABU N
The document discusses climate classification according to the Koppen system. It begins by defining climate and contrasting it with weather. It then explains the Koppen system classifies climates based on temperature and precipitation zones that correspond with vegetation types. The major climate zones include tropical, dry, mild, and polar climates. Within these zones are subtypes defined by factors like rainfall patterns, proximity to bodies of water, and temperature ranges. The Koppen system provides a standardized way to categorize and compare climates around the world based on observable environmental factors.
Zona monzonica.
Este documento describe las características de las zonas monzónicas. Se encuentran principalmente en el sureste asiático, incluyendo países como India, Bangladesh y Birmania. Tienen un clima cálido y húmedo con fuertes lluvias estacionales causadas por los monzones. La agricultura es muy productiva en estas regiones, cultivándose arroz, yute y té. La flora incluye densas junglas con árboles como caoba y teca, así como bambú. La fauna nativa ha disminuido pero aún
Precipitation
Environmental hydrology involves the study of precipitation, which is a key input in hydrology. Precipitation occurs through various processes including cooling of air masses, condensation of water vapor, and growth of water droplets. It takes different forms such as rain, snow, hail, and sleet. Precipitation data is important for applications in agriculture, water resources management, and design of hydraulic structures. It is analyzed using techniques like consistency checks using double mass curves and estimation of missing data.
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14-1植物的分布與組成
- 3. 第一節 植物的分布與組成
- 4. 生物區系 • 大範圍空間尺度中， 水分及 度溫 條件是影 響生物區系的主要因 素。 • 依其空間分布的變化 ，可分為水平分布及 垂直分布。
- 6. 植物的水平分布 • 緯度分帶性 – 影響因素：氣溫 – 太陽輻射能量不同熱帶雨林→溫帶林→寒帶 針葉林→苔原 • 經度分帶性 – 影響因素：水分 – 中緯度地區距海遠近降水量由沿海向內陸遞 減，例如：東亞到中亞：森林→草原→沙漠 – 南北走向的山脈阻 水氣進入大陸內部，加劇擋 經度分帶性，如南美安地斯山
- 8. 植物的垂直分布 • 發生地區：高山高原區 • 影響因素： – 氣溫隨海拔高度的增加而遞減，霜日增加 – 降水量由地面向上先隨高度上升而增加，高 於特定高度後則遞減
- 11. 熱帶高山自然景觀分布，猶如進行一次從赤道橫跨到兩極的 全球旅行。森林線以上，氣溫低、 度低、風力強，樹木無溼 法生長，一般而言，山體與赤道之間的距離愈大，該座山的 森林線高度愈低。 圖 14-3 植物垂直分布示意圖
- 15. (1) 圖 C ； (2) 降水量 降水量 沙漠─降水量；苔原─ 度溫