131204 oer - cape town global congress
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The document discusses open educational resources (OER) and copyright issues in education. It notes that OER are freely available teaching and learning materials that can be reused and modified. The document outlines some of the benefits of OER, including lower costs, and discusses how copyright compliance is challenging for education given new technologies. It also provides examples of OER initiatives in different countries and organizations that support OER.
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131204 oer - cape town global congress
- 1. Cape Town Global Congress December 2013 Delia Browne National Copyright Director National Copyright Unit ! http://www.flickr.com/photos/opensourceway/4378920267/
- 2. Slides available @ http://www.slideshare.net/nationalcopyrightunit/ This work is licensed under the CC Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Australia License (unless otherwise noted) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/au/
- 3. “Nearly one-third of the world’s population (29.3%) is under 15. Today there are 158 million people enrolled in tertiary education1. Projections suggest that that participation will peak at 263 million2 in 2025. Accommodating the additional 105 million students would require more than four major universities (30,000 students) to open every week for the next fifteen years. 1 ISCED levels 5 & 6 UNESCO Institute of Statistics figures 2 British Council and IDP Australia projections CC BY – C Green 2007
- 5. OER are teaching, learning, and research materials in any medium that reside in the public domain or have been released under an open licence that permits their free use and re-purposing by others. CC BY – C Green 2007
- 6. 6 OER: Fundamental Values –Resources are free for any individual to use –Are licensed for unrestricted distribution –Possibility of adaptation, translation, re- mix, and improvement.
- 7. 7 OER in a nutshell OER is about creating repositories of material which are free to: Access Use Modify Share
- 8. 8 OER in a nutshell You can do more with OER as compared with 'traditional' copyright material
- 10. 10 Compliance and Cost Issues • New technologies facilitate access to and storage and sharing of copyright materials. • This makes copyright a serious issue for the education sector as it must: – Ensure systems, teachers and students comply with copyright law – Manage increasing cost implications • Eg schools paid c.$80m in 2010 for sector-wide licences (more on direct licences & own content)
- 11. 11 Compliance and Cost Issues • Current to pay to copy/save freely and publicly available internet content, under the compulsory statutory licence (CAL and Screenrights) • Current sector-wide licences & statutory exceptions do not necessarily sit well with the current ICT use in education: – content may not be modified – content cannot be shared widely (eg with parents, community, other schools) – Limit on how much you can copy/communicate
- 12. 12 Website terms and conditions Website terms and conditions can be unclear and confusing…or absent entirely ….meaning the intention of the website publisher with regards to educational use of their site is unknown.
- 15. A simple, standardized way to grant copyright permissions to your creative work. CC BY – C Green 2007
- 16. Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivative Works Share Alike Step 1: Choose Conditions CC BY – C Green 2007
- 17. Step 2: Receive a License CC BY – C Green 2007
- 18. most free least free CC BY – Adapted from Green 2007
- 19. 55 Jurisdictions Ported CC BY – C Green 2007
- 20. Over 500 million items CC BY – C Green 2007
- 21. CC BY – C Green 2007
- 22. 175+ Million CC Licensed Photos on Flickr 2
- 26. Global OER • UNESCO • OECD • Connexions • MERLOT • CK-12 • OER Africa • OER Brazil • OER Foundation • Olnet Wikipedia • Mozillla • PIRGS • OLI • Universities and Community Colleges • And many more The Open Community is large, passionate and strong 26
- 27. Higher Ed CC BY – C Green 2007
- 28. Higher Ed
- 29. Open-Source Textbook Initiatives California: will determine the 50 most widely-taken lower- division courses in the California higher-education system and create textbooks for these courses that will be free in digital form and in print for $20 or less. British Columbia: will create 40 new online, open textbooks for 40 popular post-secondary courses. The open texts will be free to access and will be able to be modified. 29
- 30. NEW HE Models are En Route CC BY – C Green 2011
- 31. Government
- 32. CC BY – C Green 2011 Search and Discovery
- 34. No OER policy But OER initiatives are emerging organically
- 35. 'Free for (mostly ad hoc) Education'
- 36. © 2011 Education Services Australia Limited
- 38. OER in Australia: NDLRN More than 12,000 digital curriculum resources that are free for use in all Australian schools Aligned to state and territory curriculums and are progressively being aligned to the Australian Curriculum as it develops Made available to teachers through state and territory portals or Scootle. 38
- 39. OER in Australia: NDLRN Issue: most materials are provided free for educational purposes, but are restricted to centralised, password-protected, ‘web portals’ maintained by the jurisdictions, and development and re-use of the materials is limited Adopting a CC licence for these materials will permit greater access and use of the resources which will encourage innovation Currently there are 1600 learning resources that have been transitioned to a CC licence (with hopefully many more to come!) and are available on Scootle. 39
- 40. NSW Dept of Education OER 40
- 41. WA Dept of Education OER 41
- 44. UNESCO 2012 Paris OER Declaration On June 22, 2012 the World OER Congress released the 2012 Paris OER Declaration The Declaration calls on governments to openly licence publicly funded educational materials Australia is a signatory Signatories will foster research on the development, use and reuse of OER and their impact on the quality and cost-efficiency of teaching and learning. The Congress featured presentations from key supporters of OERs worldwide. • The President of the Harvard-MIT online learning system edX, announced his organization’s goal of teaching one billion students through free and openly licensed versions of Harvard and MIT classes. • President and CEO of the Commonwealth of Learning based in Vancouver (Canada) said, “OERs are an important milestone in democratizing education”. 44
- 46. Open Access in Australia • AusGOAL, the Australian Governments Open Access and Licensing Framework, provides support and guidance to government and related sectors to facilitate open access to publicly funded information. • All jurisdictions in Australia have endorsed AusGOAL through their Chief Information Officer. However all jurisdictions are at different stages of maturity in their implementation.
- 47. Jurisdictions Queensland • The Queensland government has implemented its ‘open data revolution’ by launching their Queensland Government Data website in early 2013. Each core departmental agency is to publish an open data strategy, including a roadmap to release datasets. Currently there are 587 datasets on the portal. The Queensland government has also modified their entire intellectual property (IP) policy and their Information access and use policy (IS33) to be AusGOAL centric. New South Wales • Recently, the Minister for Finance and Services released the NSW government’s first Open Data Policy. With this release, it was also announced that AusGOAL will be the framework and programme of choice for New South Wales whole of government licensing. Victoria • Victoria’s open data access policy is AusGOAL centric, and the Victorian government has an open data portal. However, the policy is yet to move into the information (as opposed to data) domain.
- 48. Jurisdictions Tasmania • Tasmania has the Information Licensing Framework and has endorsed AusGOAL, but their implementation maturity is low. South Australia • South Australia’s Cabinet has approved AusGOAL, and their implementation maturity is well advanced. In September of 2013, the South Australian Premier issued an Open Data Declaration, which requires all government agencies to ensure their data is publicly accessible. South Australia has also launched their Government Data Directory, which provides access to open government data as well as licensing their entire South Australian internet portal under a Creative Commons Attribution licence. Western Australia • Western Australia as modified their IP Policy to be AusGOAL centric. Northern Territory • The Northern Territory through their CIO has endorsed AusGOAL, but is yet to begin implementation.
- 49. Jurisdictions The Commonwealth • The Commonwealth is on Principle 6 of the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner’s ‘Principles on Open Public Sector Information.’ These means the Commonwealth has: 1) successful implemented open access to public sector information as a default position; 2) engaged the community online in policy design and service delivery; 3) managed information as a core strategic asset; 4) robust information asset management; and 5) encourages sharing of public sector information by making it discoverable and useable by the community and other stakeholders. • Furthermore the Attorney-General’s Department and the Department of Finance have endorsed AusGOAL; and the Bureau of Meteorology, Australian Bureaus of Statistics, Geoscience Australia, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare will all soon be licensing their material under a Creative Commons Attribution licence. • Some Commonwealth material, such as QuickStats and the most recent Census data, is already being released under a Creative Commons Attribution licence. • In addition to the above, AusGOAL is being endorsed in particular domains across jurisdictions. For example, the National Plan for Environmental Information has recommended AusGOAL to all of the jurisdictions for environmental information.
- 51. Time to extend to OER?
- 53. 53 Open Education Resources Some good OER sites include: 1. Curriki: http://www.curriki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Main/WebHome 2. OER Commons: www.oercommons.org/ 3. Encyclopaedia of Life: www.eol.org/ 4. Comprehensive Knowledge Archive Network: www.ckan.net/ 5. Connexions: www.cnx.org/ 6. Teaching Ideas: www.teachingideas.co.uk/ The Smartcopying website lists Open Education Resources: http://www.smartcopying.edu.au/scw/go/pid/936
- 54. 54 Free for Education Initiatives • A number of organisations have agreed to make their online material free for education: – Enhance TV Website http://www.enhancetv.com.au – Museum Victoria http://museumvictoria.com.au – Cancer Council http://www.cancer.org.au/Home.htm – World Vision http://www.worldvision.com.au • Material available on these websites can be copied for ‘educational purposes’. The Smartcopying website lists FFE websites: http://www.smartcopying.edu.au/scw/go/pid/936
- 55. 55 CC sites • Encyclopedia – Wikipedia • Photos - Flickr • Videos - Blip.tv • Music - Magnatune • Sounds - Opsound • Articles - Directory of Open Access Journals • Remix community – ccMixter • Everything else - Internet Archive
- 57. References • This presentation – http://www.slideshare.net/nationalcopyrightunit/ • Smartcopying website - http://www.smartcopying.edu.au/scw/go • CC BY SA – C Green 2007 - http://www.slideshare.net/cgreen/sloan-the- obviousness-of-open-policy • Flickr images - http://www.flickr.com/ • CC in Australia - http://creativecommons.org.au/ • CC in Australian government - http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Government_use_of_Creative_Commons#Australia
Editor's Notes
- Sir John Daniel, President & CEO of the Commonwealth of Learning (intergovernmental organisation created by Commonwealth Heads of Government to encourage the development and sharing of open learning/distance education knowledge, resources and technologies.) What do you think the odds are the world will build four major universities (30,000 students) to open every week for the next fifteen years? How to address this need? OER one part of the answer.
- What are Open Educational Resources? Resources created and released openly – open license is key. Free as in free beer (no cost) and free as in freedom (free to use, repurpose and re-share) Commonly defined as digital materials offered free for educators, students and self learners to use, re-use and re-distribute for teaching, learning and research. They often rely on the use of common "open" licences, such as the Creative Commons licences. They are different to traditional distribution models which generally require remuneration and largely restrict the rights of end-users to copy, re-use and re-purpose material.
- Website terms and conditions can be unclear, confusing and/or difficult to understand. In some cases, there are no terms and conditions at all. Often, ‘educational use’ may not have been specifically considered when website terms and conditions were drafted. In many cases, website terms and conditions refer to 'personal' or 'non-commercial' use, but not to 'educational use' As a result, the intention of the website publisher with regards to educational use of their site is unknown. OER overcomes a lot of the above tensions.
- How do OER work?
- Open licences key aspect of this – eg Creative Commons Creative Commons works to make it easy for creators to share … to realize the full potential of the internet – universal access to research, education, full participation in culture – to drive a new era of development, growth, and productivity. CC Licenses make it easy and legal to share… and, as we all know, the core part of any OER definition is the educational resource is either Open license In the public domain So anyone can: reuse, revise, remix and redistribute.
- CC offers free tools that allow artists, musicians, journalists, educators and others share content on more flexible terms than default all rights reserved copyright it’s important to note that CC Licenses are not a substitute for copyright; they’re built on top of copyright law there’s 2 steps to applying a creative commons license to your work
- can do this right at creativecommons.org via our license chooser engine step 1 is to choose the conditions that you want to attach to the work all cc licenses require attribution to the original author of the work after that users can decide which conditions they want to apply, aka whether to prohibit commercial uses, whether to require that downstream users also reshare, whether the work should only be able to be redistributed “as-is”
- step 2 is to simply receive the license there are 6 CC licenses that reflect a spectrum of rights for the photos I share on Flickr, I use the Attribution only license, which means that anyone can download, copy, distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon them, even commercially, as long as they give me credit
- within the jurisdiction, public and legal lead volunteers help to make the licenses work in their individual countries’ legal system 55 jurisdictions ported, another 5 in progress But we have 71 active affiliate teams 2 more in progress
- 500M+ CC licensed works online today CC is used by a wide variety of people and organizations, including Culture Science Government and public sector information Education
- Wikipedia, which about 2 years ago merged all their content into using CC attribution sharealike license 17 million Wikipedia articles across all languages 8.5 million media files in Wikimedia Commons database. All are available under a free license.
- Photo websites like Flickr, with over 175 million CC-licensed photos
- UNESCO: whose participants in 2002 expressed “their wish to develop together a universal educational resource available for the whole of humanity” November 2011 launched Guidelines on Open Educational Resources (OER) in Higher Education and associated tools to implement OER initiatives Hosting 2012 Global OER Conference next June
- OECD’s OER project that asks why OER is happening, who is involved and what the most important implications are of this global movement. 2007 report explores the OER concept and reasons for government to support OER. (Giving Knowledge for Free: The Emergence of Open Educational Resources)
- UNESCO: whose participants in 2002 expressed “their wish to develop together a universal educational resource available for the whole of humanity” November 2011 launched Guidelines on Open Educational Resources (OER) in Higher Education and associated tools to implement OER initiatives Hosted 2012 Global OER Conference in June OECD: OECD’s OER project that asks why OER is happening, who is involved and what the most important implications are of this global movement. 2007 report explores the OER concept and reasons for government to support OER. (Giving Knowledge for Free: The Emergence of Open Educational Resources)
- Higher Ed MIT OCW- the largest OCW project, sharing course content from all 1,900 MIT courses
- Higher Ed Stanford getting into the game – last year opened several undergraduate courses for free, this year another 7 courses offered. Eg Introduction to AI – over 100,000 enrollments in 1st weeks! Anyone can sign up, watch lectures, have their homework graded, and take the exams. Everyone who passes will receive a certificate verifying their completion of the course and marking how they ranked compared to others in the class, including the Stanford students who’ll be attending in person. Taught by professors who are some of the biggest names in the field. Director of Research at Google, the former senior computer scientist at NASA... UC Berkley, Yale, others all doing similar things (See here for further info -> http://singularityhub.com/2011/08/18/100000-sign-up-for-stanfords-open-class-on-artificial-intelligence-classes-with-1-million-next/)
- US: On 27/09/12 California created the nation’s first Open-Source Textbook library. The state will seek to determine the 50 most widely-taken lower-division courses in the California higher-education system. These in all likelihood, will also be some of the most widely-taken courses across the country. They will then seek to create textbooks for these courses Canada: on 17/10/12 British Columbia became the first Canadian province to launch an open textbook initiative, committing to 40 new online, open textbooks for 40 popular post-secondary courses. The open texts can be freely accessed and modified and could be in use for the 2013-14 academic year. Three Important Things to Consider with Regard to New Open-Source Legislation: 1) Maintains Academic Freedom: The bill as it is written maintains the academic freedom of faculty to make decisions about what they feel they need for their classrooms. Faculty maintain their power and are given quality alternatives to consider. The CC BY license gives faculty the rigths to reuse, remix, revise and redistribute books as they choose. The Creative Commons liscense gives legal rights for the faculty to re-purpose the books for local needs. 2) Connect to Other Libraries: The basis of OER is to reuse and remix. The content created in this process will provide a whole new world of quality materials for faculty to choose from. Once connected to repositories such as Connexions and MERLOT, the new potential for new textbooks is limitless. 3) Working Smarter: With a limited budget of only $10 million dollars (five million from the state and five million from foundations), the faculty group created to drive initial textbook production will need to consider all kinds of strategies from textbook acquisition to building from scratch. The key will be to find ways to meet the quality and stay under budget.
- Higher education – other new models P2PU – people learn from peers, badges system University of the People Others emerging around the globe
- Government : US – eg the White House – release of PSI under CC licence – the 2009 Directive on Open Government - which directed government departments to take specific steps to 'expand access to information by making it available online in open formats' and the 2011 Presidential Memorandum on Regulatory Compliance - directive to departments to release data-sets under open licence US – TAACCCT grants – in Jan 2011 - US$2 billion to fund creation of community college course materials, on condition all released under CC licence UK – uses the “Open Government Licence” to release much PSI information to public for use and re-use UK – further to a policy of open access to PSI recommended in 2009 - Power of Information Taskforce Report
- Power of CC licensing in on-line world is searchability!! Standardised open approach allows coding and search-engines to recognise, search and discover content that is open for use. CC licensed resources aid in search and discovery; the licenses clarify to educators, students the rights available to them for use, remix, and resharing 2010 survey of US teachers in their use of technology and OER showed that 88% of teachers use Google to locate OER CC licensed content filtering is integrated with Google search engines via the advanced search features; Google indexing things on the web whether it has a CC licensed attached to it whereas a straight up search for a learning topic can return millions of hits, and resources teachers don’t know whether they can include in the lessons, CC filtered search returns resources that have been licensed under CC CC has also been developing an experimental OER search prototype called DiscoverEd
- No government policy on OER yet, at either Cth or State/Territory level.
- Instead we have ad-hoc FFE initiatives in Australian Schools and TAFEs. Differences between FFE and OER: Like OER, FFE materials are free for educational use BUT unlike OER, FFE cannot be shared with the public at large and usually cannot be modified or adapted. Limits use that can be made – must be maintained in original form and cannot onward share or re-use
- FFE examples in Australia: National Education Access Licence for Schools (NEALS) – jursidiction-owned/developed educational materials AEShareNet Licences -> now being transitioned to CC NDLRN (formally The Le@rning Federation (TLF)) -> now being transitioned to CC Learning Object Repository Network (LORN)
- OER is gaining traction in Australia.
- http://www.ndlrn.edu.au/default.asp National Digital Learning Resources Network
- The licensing regime initially developed for TLF in 2004, and still in operation for TLF Materials, limits the use of TLF Materials by jurisdictions, teachers and schools. Currently, access is provided free for educational purposes, but is restricted to centralised, password-protected, “web portals” maintained by the jurisdictions, and development and re-use of the materials is limited. For example, currently schools are generally prohibited from re-mixing and sharing TLF Materials with other schools, from using theTLF Materials on school websites, and from sharing them directly with parents. Adopting a “Creative Commons” licence for the TLF Materials would permit greater access and use of the resources, encouraging innovation and be more in line with current concepts of “open education” and “free educational use”. This proposal only relates to those materials owned by Education Services Australia on behalf of the NDLRN stakeholders. No change is proposed for the way in which third party materials are licensed. In most cases the CC licence with be Attribute, SA Unless material already branded by a CC licence, in which case same CC licence Candidate resources are resources with no 3rd party content
- NSW Dept of Education has released a range of interactive teaching resources under CC licences
- WA has an entire range of ‘First Step’ resources that are available under a Creative Commons licence. These materials are made up of four interwoven strands of literacy: reading, writing, speaking and listening, and viewing. All strands are threaded with practical, accessible, classroom-tested teaching procedures and activities. http://det.wa.edu.au/stepsresources/detcms/navigation/first-steps-literacy/?oid=MultiPartArticle-id-13602018
- Catholic Education Office of Western Australia- Kimberley Clipart: Aboriginal Designs and Borders---CC: BY NC ND Certain WestOne Resources are released under a CC licence. For example: “Produce Simple Word Processing Documents”----CC: BY NC SA WestOne: supports the strategic priorities of the Department of Training and Workforce Development through the development of training products and services. WestOne was established in 1999 by the Government of Western Australia to provide the Western Australian training sector with access to quality, flexible learning resources. Some material is offered for educational use but is not for reproduction for commercial purposes without written permission from WestOne Services. Other materials are offered under a Creative Commons Attribution licence. Tracks to Two-Way Learning: Educational resources developed at the school level, released under a CC licence ACARA has released the Australian National Curriculum under a CC licence. Smartcopying website – full of useful educational resources re Creative Commons and OER, as well as much other information about copyright for educators. Itself open to use under a CC licence. ABC Splash is a joint initiative with ESA and is free portal for schools and students with the best Australian content from across ABC TV and Radio plus high-quality videos from around the world. The portal includes hundreds of videos, audio clips and games. All completely for free under FFE or CC.
- More frequently now schools are locally creating their own educational content and releasing the material under a CC licence - As an example the Catholic Education Diocese of Parramatta licence their Learning and Teaching with iPads blog under a CC licence as well as their presentations to conferences - Learning and Teaching with iPads blog under a creative commons licence (BY-NC-SA) (http://learningwithipads.blogspot.com.au/) - Presentations to a conference is Creative Commons licenced (http://www.slideshare.net/lnash/ipads-asla-conference) On Aussie Educator there are now multiple avenues to access textbooks at no cost. Some are older versions, some have been written specifically using licences allowing free access such as Creative Commons. Tasmanian Polytechnic has embarked on a project (using WikiEducator) to incorporate OER into teaching. The institute is currently working on a state-wide eLearning Strategy for 2012-2014 which will include policy recommendations to use and contribute to OER. Forthcoming initiatives: Western Australia Department of Education has approval its website material to be licenced under a CC BY licence Victoria’s Department of Education and Early Childhood Development funded TAFE training products are now required to be released under CC licences
- http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/resources/news-and-in-focus-articles/all-news/news/unesco_world_oer_congress_releases_2012_paris_oer_declaration/
- Related to the OER movement is the open PSI movement, fostering open access to government (public sector) information. Going on around the world – both the US and UK have significant, whole-of-government policies recommending the use of CC licences to release public data. In Australia: Government 2.0 (2009) – recommends all PSI be released under CC-BY In May 2011, the Australian Information Commissioner released the Principles on Open Public Sector Information, building on that recommendation. Major public sector websites already implementing CC include: ABS (census data), Geosciences Australia (geosciences data) the Bureau of Meteorology Australian Parliament Australian Budget
- OER necessary to realise full potential of digital education policies in Australia The: National Digital Economy Strategy, Digital Education Revolution, and Online Curriculum Resources and Digital Architecture all support digital education strategies NBN rollout expected to significantly increase digital engagement, eg: May 2011 saw NBN-Enabled Education and Skills Services (NBN-EESS) Program launched, to support proposals stimulating the development of education through the NBN
- Time to extend existing Australian PSI policies, and ad-hoc OER activities, into a coordinated OER policy framework?
- Where can teachers / users find and share their OER?
- Many sites you can goto to find Open Resources for you to re-use.... OR..... (see next slide)
- .... Search from Creative Commons' own website