The document discusses four main structural forms used in architectural design: post and lintel, arch construction, corbel or cantilever, and truss construction. It provides examples and brief descriptions of each form, including how post and lintel structures evolved to allow for openings, how arches can support greater loads than beams, how corbels were used to create arch structures, and how trusses provide long spans through triangulation. Key examples mentioned include Stonehenge, the Parthenon, aqueducts of Rome and Segovia, the Colosseum, Qutb Minar, and trusses used in modern airport and stadium roofs.

1. OBERA, IRAH KENTH OWENSON
PADAYAO, MARC EDSON
RODRIGUEZ, DIANNE
CONSTRUCTION
METHODS AND
STRUCTURES AS
EXPRESSION OF
ARCHITECTURAL
DESIGN

2. STRUCTURAL FORMS:
B. ARCH CONSTRUCTION
C. CORBEL OR CONTILEVER
D. TRUSS CONSTRUCTION
A. POST AND LINTEL

3. POST AND LINTEL
• ALSO CALLED TRABEATED SYSTEM;
IS A SYSTEM IN WHICH TWO UPRIGHT
MEMBERS, THE POSTS, HOLD UP A
THIRD MEMBER, THE LINTEL, LAID
HORIZONTALLY ACROSS THEIR TOP
SURFACES.
• ALL STRUCTURAL OPENINGS HAVE
EVOLVED FROM THIS SYSTEM.

4. • IT IS THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE
OF NEOLITHIC, ANCIENT INDIAN,
ANCIENT GREEK, AND ANCIENT
EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE.

5. STONEHENGE
PARTHENON

6. NATIONAL MUSEUM

7. STRUCTURAL FORMS:
A. POST AND LINTEL
B. ARCH CONSTRUCTION
C. CORBEL OR CONTILEVER
D. TRUSS CONSTRUCTION

8. ARCH CONSTRUCTION
• COVERING AN OPEN SPACE BY
PLACING WEDGE-SHAPED UNITS
TOGETHER WITH THEIR THICK ENDS
OUTWARD.
• AN ARCH CAN SPAN MUCH WIDER
OPENINGS AND CAN ALSO CARRY A
MUCH GREATER LOAD THAN A
HORIZONTAL BEAM CAN SUPPORT.

9. • ARCHES WERE KNOWN IN ANCIENT
EGYPT AND GREECE FOR THEIR
MONUMENTAL ARCHITECTURE AND
ALSO IN ROME FOR THEIR
AQUEDUCTS.

11. AQUEDUCT OF SEGOVIA
COLOSSEUM

12. FORT BONIFACIO

13. STRUCTURAL FORMS:
A. POST AND LINTEL
B. ARCH CONSTRUCTION
C. CORBEL OR CONTILEVER
D. TRUSS CONSTRUCTION

14. CORBEL OR CANTILEVER
• A PROJECTION FROM THE FACE OF A WALL
FIXED IN POSITION TO SUPPORT A WEIGHT.
• CONSTRUCTED CANTILEVERING LINTELS
IN A BEARING WALL TO CREATE AN ARCH.
• BABYLONIAN ARCHITECTURE PRIMARILY
MADE WIDE USE OF CORBEL ARCHES.

16. QUTB MINAR
LION GATE

17. TOMB OF AGAMEMNON

18. STRUCTURAL FORMS:
A. POST AND LINTEL
B. ARCH CONSTRUCTION
C. CORBEL OR CONTILEVER
D. TRUSS CONSTRUCTION

19. TRUSS CONSTRUCTION
• A TRUSS IS ESSENTIALLY A
TRIANGULATED SYSTEM OF STRAIGHT
INTERCONNECTED STRUCTURAL
ELEMENTS.
• TRUSSES ARE USED IN BUILDINGS
WHERE THERE IS A REQUIREMENT FOR
VERY LONG SPANS, SUCH AS IN
AIRPORT TERMINALS, SPORTS STADIA
ROOFS, AND AUDITORIUMS.

20. • FIRST TRUSSES WERE PROBABLY
MADE OF TIMBER AND WERE USED
IN PRIMITIVE LAKE DWELLINGS
DURING THE EARLY BRONZE AGE.