This document discusses the global history and spread of music over time. It describes how music has diffused and blended across cultures through imperialism, migration, and technological advances. Key developments include the standardization of music notation in the Middle Ages, the rise of orchestras and operas in the Baroque period, the blending of styles through slavery and cultural exchange, and the modern globalization of music through recordings, radio, and digital technologies. Recent trends show a shift away from US dominance with the rise of K-pop and artists adapting music to local contexts.

1. Music
• Like football – something people took with them
• Diffusion, adaptation, adoption (rap)
• Imperialism/ colonising, migration - Throughout the
world, blending, mixing, exchanging
• Instruments
• Reading music
• Death of distance/ Space time convergence
• Today’s society – iPod, iTunes, spotify, USBs etc

2. Various areas
• Production – studio, record label, song writers
• Management – image, calendar, tours
• Sales – tours, records and sheet music
• Marketing - concerts/ venues, exposure, become a
brand
• Diversity of a style/ instrument (Piano Guys)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0VqTwnAuHws

5. Origins
• Human voice and Percussion
• Flute (thigh bone of a bear), Slovenia, 43 000 yrs old
• Spread of talent and availability – oral, local products
• Elite music – hired by the chiefs/ leaders to perform
or personal musicians to pay pipes to announce
leader’s arrival – Scottish bagpipes
• Battle/ military – to encourage, inspire, motivate
• Only performed by elite few
• The power of music – haka, religion

7. Middle Ages: music writing
• Wanted to share with other churches across Europe
– same writing of music style = notes
• Sang same songs across many different churches
• Entertainers for wealthy – music changed into love
songs etc
• Now written and verbally passed on from one
another

8. Age of Discovery: Elite music
• Musicians – creating music for a number of
instruments together: orchestras and choirs,
symphonies and operas
• More commercial make of instruments, more
spread of music - Stradivarius string for King
James II
• Mozart – travelled, performed, spread
• 1900 – classical music
• Travel rail, emigration

9. Age of Discovery: Folk/ Pop
music
• Slavery = blend
• Words reflected the immediate and local
circumstances of the people
• Stayed mostly within group of people
• “hi ho, hi ho, it’s off to….”
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oms6o8m4axg&l
ist=PL968A2C99CBCF2BF0

10. 1900’s - areas of music
• Live – original or covered
• Recorded /purchased – records, tapes, digital
• Radio
• Written – articles, rolling stone magazine
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lExW80sXsHs
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PMpQUsQcJFg
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dMH0bHeiRNg

11. T T C in creating mass music
• Going on tour
• Instruments manufactured on large international
scale
• More people began to read and read music
• Technique to record, transmit and reproduce music
cheaply and accurately
• Buskers – bars – music halls/ theatres – Maddison
Square Garden/ Albert Hall

13. • 1800’s – band, tours, managers, recording studios
(Edison 1877), song pluggers
• Gathered around Broadway area
• Began linking movies to sound 1927 – The Jazz
Singer
• Records – Berliner 1889, Big tapes – 1950’s, small
compact tapes - 1970/80’s.
• Mp3 – 1998, iTunes/iPod – 2001, iPhone – 2007

19. America
• Trade Europe and Africa, with central and northern
America
• New music forms – blues, jazz, country, rock
• Slaves – syncopation (beat rhythm), story telling,
worker songs, African church music = The Blues
• Jazz = African blues + European styles
• New Orleans – add Latin influence
• 1920’s – Hill Billy music/ country, down south, British
settlers

21. Globalising USA popular music
• After WW2 – America flourished economically, money
for luxuries
• Amercian way of life, music – seen as the way for
other countries
• Companies – opened franchises, spread across USA
• Exported huge amounts of American culture – movies,
music = cultural diffusion
• Resistance by Germany, adapted by locals, adopted
by most

23. Oh the beautiful 1950’s
• 1950’s – radio stations with a certain style and
audience, started mixing it up
• Black and white styles mixed and people were
exposed to new music
• Elvis – gospel sound, Chuck Berry – country sound.
• Blend = Rock and Roll
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DTh406JSLPg

24. • Chuck Berry
• The Platters
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Pg3RucwCMM
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ab68Z4U_cEw
• 1965 – The rat pack: Sammy Davis Jr, Frank
Sinatra, Dean Martin and Johnny Carson

25. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gj0Rz-uP4Mk
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lzQ8GDBA8Is
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QFq5O2kabQo

26. The awesome late 60’s
• Classic rock
• The Beatles
• Crosby, Stills and Nash
• The Birds
• The Who
• Led Zepplin
• Jimi Hendrix
• Pink Floyd

27. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zBhzJjjlMkE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjzZh6-h9fM

29. Interconnection
• Performers from UK in USA – The British
Invasion
• 5SOS
• USA heavy metal, now Scandinavia/ Germany
• MNCs, syndicate radio stations
• What does the fox say?

30. Woppa Gangnam Style
• K-pop: Korean pop
• in a language we don’t understand
• Music video – old idea
• Modern technology: fb, youtube, tv, radio
• 2 billion views
• Toured the world
• Most popular in Middle East and Asia = shift of
music away from USA

31. • A girl who is warm and humanle during the day
A classy girl who know how to enjoy the freedom of a cup of coffee
A girl whose heart gets hotter when night comes
A girl with that kind of twist
• I’m a guy
A guy who is as warm as you during the day
A guy who one-shots his coffee before it even cools down
A guy whose heart bursts when night comes
That kind of guy
• Beautiful, loveable
Yes you, hey, yes you, hey
Beautiful, loveable
Yes you, hey, yes you, hey
Now let’s go until the end
• A girl who looks quiet but plays when she plays
A girl who puts her hair down when the right time comes
A girl who covers herself but is more sexy than a girl who bares it all
A sensable girl like that
• I’m a guy
A guy who seems calm but plays when he plays
A guy who goes completely crazy when the right time comes

32. Australia
• English colony, then USA influence accepted
• Aboriginal music – didgeridoo, many different tribes,
many differnt styles of music/dance = cultural tourism
• Modified/ adapted to include Australian flavour
• Didgeridoo in 2011 Wall street protest
• Adaptation of Reggae, Hip hop, country, Aboriginal
rock groups – Jimmy Little, Yothu Yindi
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S7cbkxn4G8U
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0YOGf_MExY

33. Bush ballads
• Adapted to reflect Aussie life/ language – Waltzing
Matilda
• Scottish military tune, aussie life during a shearer’s
strike
• About moving around trying to find work
• Aus pub rock – pubs are loud = songs, ACDC, INXS
• Local situation will influence music style

34. Waltzing Matilda
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SANzC9-
a5yo

35. • Not just success in Aus, need global success
• Compete with all global artists
• Kylie Minogue, Iggy Azalea
• Use music as a way to preserve local culture –
Narrogin hip hop CD using Noongar language

36. Today’s geography
• Mostly internet, no location but
• Venues – Madison Square Garden, Acropolis,
Sydney Opera house, Isle of Wight festivals
• Locations – New Orleans, Argentina, Greece
• Music pilgrimage – Woodstock, Elvis’s house,
Penny lane, beatles crossing, graves
• Instruments – Yamaha, Gibson, Steinway
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNSWy242Ano