This document provides instructions for making custom trays and record bases for edentulous patients. It describes how to make custom trays by outlining the borders, blocking undercuts, adapting acrylic resin, and finishing. Record bases are made by blocking undercuts, applying vaseline, adapting resin sheets, and trimming. Occlusion rims are fabricated by adapting wax to the record bases to approximate the shape and position of natural teeth, with dimensions provided. The document gives details on techniques, materials, and quality checks for custom trays and record bases.
This document provides instructions for constructing a special tray for making final impressions for complete dentures. It describes how to outline and fabricate rigid trays made of light-cured resin for the maxillary and mandibular arches using a preliminary cast. The trays are trimmed to be 2mm short of the vestibule with clearance for frenal attachments. Handles are added to the trays for positioning in the mouth during the impression. Wax spacers are then used on the casts under the trays to provide a uniform 3mm space for impression material.
The document discusses record bases and occlusion rims used for edentulous patients. Record bases are fabricated on the master cast to record the relationship between the mandible and maxilla. They can be interim, made from materials like shellac or acrylic, or final, made from heat-cured acrylic or metal. Occlusion rims are built on the record bases and are used to arrange artificial teeth and make jaw relation records. They are typically made of wax or modelling compound and must conform to anatomical landmarks marked on the master cast.
This document describes the process of making a special tray for complete dentures. It begins by defining an impression tray and describing the types, which are stock trays and custom/special trays. Special trays are fabricated on a patient's cast, making them a better fit than stock trays. The document then covers the advantages of special trays, materials used to make them, ideal requirements, and the step-by-step process to fabricate a special tray, including identifying the peripheral extension, model preparation, adapting spacer wax, applying a separating medium, constructing the tray base, and adding a handle.
The document provides instructions for taking preliminary alginate impressions and alternative Accu-Dent impressions. For preliminary impressions, an edentulous stock tray is extended with wax and adhesive is applied before mixing alginate. The impression should capture peripheral details without voids. For Accu-Dent impressions, different viscosity gels are used with a custom tray to take maxillary and mandibular impressions without voids or pressure spots.
This document provides instructions for making final impressions for complete dentures. It discusses the objectives of impressions which are preservation of tissue, support, stability, esthetics and retention. The techniques described are aimed at recording tissues in their resting position to avoid displacement. Border molding is used to establish contours and test peripheral seal. A selective pressure technique uses light material to achieve a mucostatic impression. Proper tray design and customization are emphasized.
Impression tray and relief area المحاضرة 7Lama K Banna
This document discusses impression trays and techniques for making custom impression trays. It explains that stock trays are pre-made but not always accurate, so custom trays made from materials like shellac, compound, or acrylic resin molded to a study cast are often needed. The document provides detailed instructions for making custom trays using different materials and techniques, including using wax spacers to provide room for impression material and ensuring tray borders extend to anatomical landmarks.
An introductory and simple guide assembled by dental students and reviewed by Dr. Hasannin Al-Namel. our seminar about impression trays used in prosthodontics
This document provides instructions for making final impressions for complete dentures. It discusses:
- The objectives of final impressions including preservation of tissue and bone, support, stability, and retention
- Techniques such as selective pressure that record tissues at rest to avoid displacement
- Procedures for border molding custom trays and developing an accurate peripheral seal
- Taking final impressions with light-body material to achieve a mucostatic impression
This document provides instructions for constructing a special tray for making final impressions for complete dentures. It describes how to outline and fabricate rigid trays made of light-cured resin for the maxillary and mandibular arches using a preliminary cast. The trays are trimmed to be 2mm short of the vestibule with clearance for frenal attachments. Handles are added to the trays for positioning in the mouth during the impression. Wax spacers are then used on the casts under the trays to provide a uniform 3mm space for impression material.
The document discusses record bases and occlusion rims used for edentulous patients. Record bases are fabricated on the master cast to record the relationship between the mandible and maxilla. They can be interim, made from materials like shellac or acrylic, or final, made from heat-cured acrylic or metal. Occlusion rims are built on the record bases and are used to arrange artificial teeth and make jaw relation records. They are typically made of wax or modelling compound and must conform to anatomical landmarks marked on the master cast.
This document describes the process of making a special tray for complete dentures. It begins by defining an impression tray and describing the types, which are stock trays and custom/special trays. Special trays are fabricated on a patient's cast, making them a better fit than stock trays. The document then covers the advantages of special trays, materials used to make them, ideal requirements, and the step-by-step process to fabricate a special tray, including identifying the peripheral extension, model preparation, adapting spacer wax, applying a separating medium, constructing the tray base, and adding a handle.
The document provides instructions for taking preliminary alginate impressions and alternative Accu-Dent impressions. For preliminary impressions, an edentulous stock tray is extended with wax and adhesive is applied before mixing alginate. The impression should capture peripheral details without voids. For Accu-Dent impressions, different viscosity gels are used with a custom tray to take maxillary and mandibular impressions without voids or pressure spots.
This document provides instructions for making final impressions for complete dentures. It discusses the objectives of impressions which are preservation of tissue, support, stability, esthetics and retention. The techniques described are aimed at recording tissues in their resting position to avoid displacement. Border molding is used to establish contours and test peripheral seal. A selective pressure technique uses light material to achieve a mucostatic impression. Proper tray design and customization are emphasized.
Impression tray and relief area المحاضرة 7Lama K Banna
This document discusses impression trays and techniques for making custom impression trays. It explains that stock trays are pre-made but not always accurate, so custom trays made from materials like shellac, compound, or acrylic resin molded to a study cast are often needed. The document provides detailed instructions for making custom trays using different materials and techniques, including using wax spacers to provide room for impression material and ensuring tray borders extend to anatomical landmarks.
An introductory and simple guide assembled by dental students and reviewed by Dr. Hasannin Al-Namel. our seminar about impression trays used in prosthodontics
This document provides instructions for making final impressions for complete dentures. It discusses:
- The objectives of final impressions including preservation of tissue and bone, support, stability, and retention
- Techniques such as selective pressure that record tissues at rest to avoid displacement
- Procedures for border molding custom trays and developing an accurate peripheral seal
- Taking final impressions with light-body material to achieve a mucostatic impression
The document discusses impression trays, which are used to carry and control impression material in the mouth. It describes different types of trays, including stock trays, custom trays, and special trays. Special trays are custom-made for each patient based on a preliminary cast and are used to make final impressions. The document outlines the procedure for fabricating a special tray using materials like shellac, acrylic resin, and wax spacers. Special trays provide accurate impressions and are more comfortable for patients compared to stock trays.
This document provides an overview of the process for fabricating a complete denture from start to finish. It discusses 14 main steps: 1) Examination of patient, 2) Taking primary impression, 3) Making custom tray, 4) Border molding, 5) Boxing final impression, 6) Making record bases, 7) Wax occlusion rims, 8) Checking plane of occlusion, 9) Using facebow apparatus, 10) Recording centric relation, 11) Arranging teeth, 12) Try-in procedure, 13) Polishing and finishing. Each step is described in detail, with instructions on materials and techniques. The goal is to fabricate a denture that is functional, aesthetic and allows proper phonetic
The document discusses the process of making custom trays and master casts for complete dentures, including taking final impressions, border molding, and boxing and pouring the impressions to create the definitive master casts. Key steps include fabricating a custom tray, border molding with low-fusing compound or impression material, taking final impressions with materials like zinc oxide eugenol or elastomers, and boxing and pouring the impressions in dental stone to create the finished master casts.
This document discusses various materials and methods used for making casts and dies in prosthodontics. It describes the properties required for casts such as being void-free and distortion-free. Common materials used include dental stone/gypsum and alternatives like resins. Methods covered include wax boxing, dental plaster boxing, and caulking compound boxing for final impressions. The properties of dental stone like setting expansion, setting time and compressive strength are also outlined. Different types of casts like diagnostic, working and refractory casts are defined.
A custom made device prepared for a particular patient which is used to confine and control an impression material making an impression.
It makes on the cast obtained from primary impression.
It is used for making final impression.
Edentulous ridge shows variations in shape and size.
It shows the type of impression technique
1, Selective pressure technique
2, Minimal pressure technique
The document discusses stock impression trays, including their parts and types, as well as materials and procedures for making preliminary impressions and casts. Impression trays are used to carry impression material and come in various types, while preliminary impressions capture anatomical details for diagnosis and custom tray fabrication using materials like alginate or silicone. Preliminary casts are then made from the impressions using dental plaster or stone and are used for case planning.
This document discusses the process and considerations for making custom trays and final impressions for complete dentures. It covers:
1. Custom tray fabrication including outlining the study cast, providing relief, determining tray extensions and handle placement. Auto-polymerizing acrylic resin and the sprinkle-on or finger-adapted dough techniques are recommended.
2. Final impression techniques including minimal pressure, definite pressure, selective pressure, and functional impressions. Factors like material properties, advantages and disadvantages of each technique are examined.
3. Border molding involves shaping the tray borders through functional or manual manipulation to duplicate vestibule contours. Sectional and one-step techniques using materials like green stick compound or elastomers
This document discusses methods of isolation in dentistry. Direct isolation methods include rubber dams, cotton rolls, cellulose wafers, Dri-angles, gauze, suction devices, and retraction cords. The rubber dam provides the best isolation and was introduced in 1864. It isolates teeth from oral fluids to create a dry field. Advantages include a clean operating field, improved access and visibility, soft tissue retraction and protection, and reduced cross-contamination. Application and removal of the rubber dam is described in 20 steps. Other isolation methods like cotton rolls provide some retraction but do not create as dry a field as the rubber dam.
This document provides instructions for fabricating custom impression trays using either light cure resin or tray resin. It describes how to mark the depth and extension lines on dental casts, block out undercut areas, adapt the resin materials to the casts, trim excess material, and finish the trays. Completed trays should have rounded, smooth edges of proper thickness and extension, as well as handles of specified dimensions.
The document discusses the importance of using a rubber dam for endodontic procedures. It begins by providing a brief history of the rubber dam and its introduction in the 1860s. It then emphasizes that the rubber dam is obligatory for endodontic treatments and should not be performed without one. The document lists several advantages of using a rubber dam, including protecting the patient from ingesting or aspirating instruments or materials, providing a clean surgical field, and improving visibility and comfort. It also discusses common instruments used to position and secure the rubber dam, such as clamps, frames, and forceps. Finally, it provides guidance on properly selecting, positioning, and securing the rubber dam for isolation.
- Record bases help transfer accurate jaw relationships to an articulator to enable setting artificial teeth for a trial denture. They can be temporary or permanent.
- Temporary record bases include shellac, reinforced shellac, cold cure acrylic, and vacuum formed bases. Permanent bases are not discarded and become part of the final denture base, like heat cure acrylic, gold, or cobalt-chromium alloys.
- Occlusion rims are built on record bases to make jaw relation records and arrange teeth. They must be in the anticipated tooth position, securely attached to the base, and have a smooth, flat occlusal surface that supports lips and cheeks.
The document discusses various materials that can be used for final impressions for complete dentures, including their properties and suitability. It recommends polyvinyl siloxane as the material of choice due to its dimensional stability, elastic recovery, and dimensional accuracy. It provides steps for taking a final impression with polyvinyl siloxane, including border molding, custom tray preparation, tissue manipulation during the impression, and evaluating the resulting impression.
This document provides instructions for fabricating custom impression trays using either light cure resin or tray resin. It describes how to mark registration lines on casts, block out undercut areas, adapt the resin materials, and trim the trays. Completed trays should have rounded, smooth edges of proper thickness and extension, with finger rests and handles as needed.
This document provides instructions for boxing dental impressions and pouring dental casts. It describes two methods for boxing maxillary impressions using either wax rods and strips or plaster and pumice. It also details how to box mandibular impressions using wax or plaster/pumice. The key steps are applying wax or plaster/pumice to form a land around the impression, wrapping it in wax to create a container, and pouring stone into the boxed impression to create a dental cast. The cast is then trimmed with landmarks added to aid in remounting a dental prosthesis.
A 3mm wax spacer is applied to the model and a tray is made over it. When the wax is boiled away, it leaves space for impression material. For an upper partial denture tray: apply wax spacers tightly, add tray material and cure it, then boil away the wax to create space. For a lower partial denture tray, follow the same process. For an upper partial implant case tray, add wax blocks over implants and cut windows to allow analogues to protrude through the finished tray.
This document provides information on isolating the operating field for dental procedures. It discusses the history and importance of isolation, classifications of isolation methods, direct isolation techniques like rubber dams and indirect techniques like patient positioning. Specific rubber dam components are described like sheets, frames, clamps and forceps. The document outlines the proper procedure for applying a rubber dam from assessing contacts to final positioning. It emphasizes creating a dry, retracted operating field to improve outcomes and safety.
This document discusses the process of making custom trays and master casts for complete dentures. It involves making a custom tray using materials like acrylic resin or light-cured resin to take final impressions. Border molding is then done to shape the impression material borders. Final impressions are poured in stone to make master casts, which are trimmed and indexed for remounting in the lab to fabricate dentures.
This document provides instructions for making final impressions for complete dentures. It discusses:
- The objectives of final impressions including preservation of tissue and bone, support, stability, and retention.
- Techniques for recording tissues at rest to avoid displacement and damage, including selective pressure and border molding.
- Steps for making custom trays including design, tray materials, and border molding sequences.
- Considerations for final maxillary impressions including mobile tissues, tori, and seal areas.
- Selection and application of impression materials to achieve an accurate final impression.
Impression philosophies for completely edentulous patientsAmalKaddah1
The document discusses impression philosophies for fully edentulous patients. It covers the objectives, principles, and requirements of impression making including preservation of tissues, retention, esthetics, stability, and support. It describes the steps in making impressions including primary impressions, diagnostic casts, custom trays, and final impressions. Various impression materials and techniques are discussed such as minimal pressure, selective pressure, and functional mandibular impressions. Custom tray fabrication using wax spacers, acrylic resin, and border molding is also outlined.
The document discusses different types of impression trays used in dentistry. It defines impression trays as devices that carry, confine and control impression material in the mouth. The key types discussed are stock trays, which are pre-made and reusable, and custom trays, which are fabricated for a specific patient based on a preliminary cast. Stock trays come in various sizes and materials, while custom trays provide a better fit and less impression material is needed. The document provides details on selecting and fabricating different types of impression trays.
The document discusses impression trays, which are used to carry and control impression material in the mouth. It describes different types of trays, including stock trays, custom trays, and special trays. Special trays are custom-made for each patient based on a preliminary cast and are used to make final impressions. The document outlines the procedure for fabricating a special tray using materials like shellac, acrylic resin, and wax spacers. Special trays provide accurate impressions and are more comfortable for patients compared to stock trays.
This document provides an overview of the process for fabricating a complete denture from start to finish. It discusses 14 main steps: 1) Examination of patient, 2) Taking primary impression, 3) Making custom tray, 4) Border molding, 5) Boxing final impression, 6) Making record bases, 7) Wax occlusion rims, 8) Checking plane of occlusion, 9) Using facebow apparatus, 10) Recording centric relation, 11) Arranging teeth, 12) Try-in procedure, 13) Polishing and finishing. Each step is described in detail, with instructions on materials and techniques. The goal is to fabricate a denture that is functional, aesthetic and allows proper phonetic
The document discusses the process of making custom trays and master casts for complete dentures, including taking final impressions, border molding, and boxing and pouring the impressions to create the definitive master casts. Key steps include fabricating a custom tray, border molding with low-fusing compound or impression material, taking final impressions with materials like zinc oxide eugenol or elastomers, and boxing and pouring the impressions in dental stone to create the finished master casts.
This document discusses various materials and methods used for making casts and dies in prosthodontics. It describes the properties required for casts such as being void-free and distortion-free. Common materials used include dental stone/gypsum and alternatives like resins. Methods covered include wax boxing, dental plaster boxing, and caulking compound boxing for final impressions. The properties of dental stone like setting expansion, setting time and compressive strength are also outlined. Different types of casts like diagnostic, working and refractory casts are defined.
A custom made device prepared for a particular patient which is used to confine and control an impression material making an impression.
It makes on the cast obtained from primary impression.
It is used for making final impression.
Edentulous ridge shows variations in shape and size.
It shows the type of impression technique
1, Selective pressure technique
2, Minimal pressure technique
The document discusses stock impression trays, including their parts and types, as well as materials and procedures for making preliminary impressions and casts. Impression trays are used to carry impression material and come in various types, while preliminary impressions capture anatomical details for diagnosis and custom tray fabrication using materials like alginate or silicone. Preliminary casts are then made from the impressions using dental plaster or stone and are used for case planning.
This document discusses the process and considerations for making custom trays and final impressions for complete dentures. It covers:
1. Custom tray fabrication including outlining the study cast, providing relief, determining tray extensions and handle placement. Auto-polymerizing acrylic resin and the sprinkle-on or finger-adapted dough techniques are recommended.
2. Final impression techniques including minimal pressure, definite pressure, selective pressure, and functional impressions. Factors like material properties, advantages and disadvantages of each technique are examined.
3. Border molding involves shaping the tray borders through functional or manual manipulation to duplicate vestibule contours. Sectional and one-step techniques using materials like green stick compound or elastomers
This document discusses methods of isolation in dentistry. Direct isolation methods include rubber dams, cotton rolls, cellulose wafers, Dri-angles, gauze, suction devices, and retraction cords. The rubber dam provides the best isolation and was introduced in 1864. It isolates teeth from oral fluids to create a dry field. Advantages include a clean operating field, improved access and visibility, soft tissue retraction and protection, and reduced cross-contamination. Application and removal of the rubber dam is described in 20 steps. Other isolation methods like cotton rolls provide some retraction but do not create as dry a field as the rubber dam.
This document provides instructions for fabricating custom impression trays using either light cure resin or tray resin. It describes how to mark the depth and extension lines on dental casts, block out undercut areas, adapt the resin materials to the casts, trim excess material, and finish the trays. Completed trays should have rounded, smooth edges of proper thickness and extension, as well as handles of specified dimensions.
The document discusses the importance of using a rubber dam for endodontic procedures. It begins by providing a brief history of the rubber dam and its introduction in the 1860s. It then emphasizes that the rubber dam is obligatory for endodontic treatments and should not be performed without one. The document lists several advantages of using a rubber dam, including protecting the patient from ingesting or aspirating instruments or materials, providing a clean surgical field, and improving visibility and comfort. It also discusses common instruments used to position and secure the rubber dam, such as clamps, frames, and forceps. Finally, it provides guidance on properly selecting, positioning, and securing the rubber dam for isolation.
- Record bases help transfer accurate jaw relationships to an articulator to enable setting artificial teeth for a trial denture. They can be temporary or permanent.
- Temporary record bases include shellac, reinforced shellac, cold cure acrylic, and vacuum formed bases. Permanent bases are not discarded and become part of the final denture base, like heat cure acrylic, gold, or cobalt-chromium alloys.
- Occlusion rims are built on record bases to make jaw relation records and arrange teeth. They must be in the anticipated tooth position, securely attached to the base, and have a smooth, flat occlusal surface that supports lips and cheeks.
The document discusses various materials that can be used for final impressions for complete dentures, including their properties and suitability. It recommends polyvinyl siloxane as the material of choice due to its dimensional stability, elastic recovery, and dimensional accuracy. It provides steps for taking a final impression with polyvinyl siloxane, including border molding, custom tray preparation, tissue manipulation during the impression, and evaluating the resulting impression.
This document provides instructions for fabricating custom impression trays using either light cure resin or tray resin. It describes how to mark registration lines on casts, block out undercut areas, adapt the resin materials, and trim the trays. Completed trays should have rounded, smooth edges of proper thickness and extension, with finger rests and handles as needed.
This document provides instructions for boxing dental impressions and pouring dental casts. It describes two methods for boxing maxillary impressions using either wax rods and strips or plaster and pumice. It also details how to box mandibular impressions using wax or plaster/pumice. The key steps are applying wax or plaster/pumice to form a land around the impression, wrapping it in wax to create a container, and pouring stone into the boxed impression to create a dental cast. The cast is then trimmed with landmarks added to aid in remounting a dental prosthesis.
A 3mm wax spacer is applied to the model and a tray is made over it. When the wax is boiled away, it leaves space for impression material. For an upper partial denture tray: apply wax spacers tightly, add tray material and cure it, then boil away the wax to create space. For a lower partial denture tray, follow the same process. For an upper partial implant case tray, add wax blocks over implants and cut windows to allow analogues to protrude through the finished tray.
This document provides information on isolating the operating field for dental procedures. It discusses the history and importance of isolation, classifications of isolation methods, direct isolation techniques like rubber dams and indirect techniques like patient positioning. Specific rubber dam components are described like sheets, frames, clamps and forceps. The document outlines the proper procedure for applying a rubber dam from assessing contacts to final positioning. It emphasizes creating a dry, retracted operating field to improve outcomes and safety.
This document discusses the process of making custom trays and master casts for complete dentures. It involves making a custom tray using materials like acrylic resin or light-cured resin to take final impressions. Border molding is then done to shape the impression material borders. Final impressions are poured in stone to make master casts, which are trimmed and indexed for remounting in the lab to fabricate dentures.
This document provides instructions for making final impressions for complete dentures. It discusses:
- The objectives of final impressions including preservation of tissue and bone, support, stability, and retention.
- Techniques for recording tissues at rest to avoid displacement and damage, including selective pressure and border molding.
- Steps for making custom trays including design, tray materials, and border molding sequences.
- Considerations for final maxillary impressions including mobile tissues, tori, and seal areas.
- Selection and application of impression materials to achieve an accurate final impression.
Impression philosophies for completely edentulous patientsAmalKaddah1
The document discusses impression philosophies for fully edentulous patients. It covers the objectives, principles, and requirements of impression making including preservation of tissues, retention, esthetics, stability, and support. It describes the steps in making impressions including primary impressions, diagnostic casts, custom trays, and final impressions. Various impression materials and techniques are discussed such as minimal pressure, selective pressure, and functional mandibular impressions. Custom tray fabrication using wax spacers, acrylic resin, and border molding is also outlined.
The document discusses different types of impression trays used in dentistry. It defines impression trays as devices that carry, confine and control impression material in the mouth. The key types discussed are stock trays, which are pre-made and reusable, and custom trays, which are fabricated for a specific patient based on a preliminary cast. Stock trays come in various sizes and materials, while custom trays provide a better fit and less impression material is needed. The document provides details on selecting and fabricating different types of impression trays.
This document provides instructions for making final impressions for complete dentures, including custom tray fabrication, border molding techniques, and using selective pressure to record tissues in an undisplaced position. It describes areas that require special attention for the maxillary and mandibular impressions, such as the posterior palatal seal and retromylohyoid space. The goal is to make impressions that provide maximum coverage, close adaptation, and proper support and retention for the dentures.
Thank you for the detailed explanation on the steps involved in rubber dam isolation. Proper isolation is important for preventing contamination and maintaining a dry field during dental procedures.
The final impression techniques aim to accurately record the supporting structures to construct a removable partial denture (RPD) that maximally distributes forces. There are two main techniques - the anatomic form impression records tissues at rest using stock or custom trays with alginate or rubber base. The physiologic form impression records tissues under load using selective pressure techniques. Key objectives are maximum ridge coverage, distributing forces over large areas, and relating supporting structures under function. Custom trays are made with wax spacers and stops to provide uniform impression material thickness. Impressions are inspected before pouring with stone plaster to produce a master cast for RPD framework construction.
The document discusses the altered-cast technique for fabricating removable partial dentures (RPDs). Key points include:
- The altered-cast technique involves making an impression of the residual ridges in their functional position after fitting the RPD framework, then separating the edentulous portion of the master cast to reposition it based on the new impression.
- This technique aims to improve the fit of the RPD base to the residual ridges and reduce stress on abutment teeth.
- The procedure involves border molding a custom tray attached to the fitted framework, then making an impression using elastic materials like polysulfide.
- In the lab, the edentulous portion of the master cast is
This document discusses the characteristics, materials, and fabrication process of special trays used for dental impressions. Special trays should be well-adapted, dimensionally stable, and free of voids or projections. Relief wax is adapted to mark relief areas on the cast, and a spacer is used to allow for even impression material thickness. Stops are cut into the spacer to ensure the tray touches the ridge in specific areas. The tray is then acrylized and a handle is fabricated before it is prepared for use in border molding.
This document provides information about making impressions for complete dentures. It discusses the objectives and requirements of an ideal impression, including maximum extension without muscle impingement and intimate contact with covered tissue areas. It describes primary, secondary/final, and corrective impressions. The types of impression materials and trays are outlined, including stock trays, special/individual trays, and techniques like border molding and boxing. The document also summarizes different techniques for making final impressions, such as minimal pressure, mucocompressive, and selective pressure techniques.
Finished complete denture impression presentation final modificationIAU Dent
This document provides information on making complete denture impressions. It defines an impression as the negative form made of oral tissues using a plastic material. A complete denture impression captures the entire denture bearing area of an edentulous mouth. Preliminary impressions are used for diagnosis and tray construction, while final impressions make master casts for denture fabrication. Key objectives of impressions are preservation of ridges, stability, support, esthetics and retention. The document outlines techniques for primary maxillary and mandibular impressions using stock trays and high viscosity materials like alginate or impression compound. Common errors in impressions include gaps, excess material, shallow sulci and visible tray edges. Corrections involve adding material or remaking impressions.
The document discusses isolation of the operative field during dental procedures. Several components must be controlled, including saliva, tongue, and soft tissues. Rubber dam provides the best isolation, allowing a dry, clean field and protecting tissues. Other isolation techniques and materials include cotton rolls, high-volume evacuators, cheek retractors, and air-water syringes. Proper isolation improves visibility, infection control, and material properties during restorative dental work.
Impression making is an “Ideal impression must be in mind of the dentist bef...Hazimrizk1
Impression making is an
“Ideal impression must be in mind of the dentist before it is in his hand. He must literally make the impression rather than take it”
The document describes the process of making a preliminary impression for a lower complete denture. An edentulous stock tray is selected and any under extension areas are corrected. The tray is seated gently in the patient's mouth using alternating finger pressure. Either irreversible hydrocolloid or impression compound can then be used to make the preliminary impression. This impression is then used to construct a custom tray, which is refined using border molding material or techniques to accurately capture tissue details. Small holes may be drilled in the custom tray before making the final impression with a material like zinc oxide eugenol paste.
A veneer is a thin restoration placed over tooth surfaces to improve aesthetics or protect damage. Veneers have a translucent quality giving a natural look. Tooth preparation is minimal, reducing enamel by 0.3-0.5mm with a close finish line. Impressions are taken and a try-in ensures proper fit before cementing. Follow-up appointments evaluate tissue response and margins while maintaining good oral hygiene protects the veneers. Bonding uses a micromechanical bond with hydrophilic resins to cement the veneers securely in place.
This document discusses isolation of the operative field in dentistry. Maintaining a dry field is important for operative procedures. Several techniques and materials can be used for isolation, including rubber dams, cotton rolls, high-volume evacuators, and throat shields. Rubber dams provide the best isolation but also have some disadvantages like taking time to apply. The goals of isolation are moisture control, retraction of soft tissues, and prevention of contamination. Proper isolation improves visibility, protects patients, and allows dental materials to perform as intended.
This document provides instructions for fabricating custom impression trays using either light cure resin or tray resin. It describes how to mark registration lines on casts, block out undercut areas, adapt the resin materials, and trim the trays. Completed trays should have rounded, smooth edges of proper thickness and extension, with finger rests and handles as needed.
comprehensive management of a cleft lip and palate patient by a pedodontistdrsavithaks
This document provides a comprehensive overview of the management of cleft lip and palate patients by a pediatric dentist. It discusses the causes of clefts, diagnosis, parental counseling, feeding techniques, nasoalveolar molding, surgical repair techniques, speech and hearing considerations, dental care, orthodontic treatment, and various expansion appliances used to correct transverse maxillary deficiency.
The document discusses complete denture impressions, which are negative registrations of the denture-bearing areas in the edentulous mouth. It describes the key anatomical landmarks and outlines the importance of complete denture impressions. The main types of impression techniques discussed are minimal-pressure, muco-compression, selective-pressure, and functional impressions. The document emphasizes the importance of border molding, tray selection and modification, and ensuring maximum tissue coverage and support while avoiding excessive pressure during impression-making.
The document discusses impression materials and procedures for removable partial dentures. It describes the different types of impression materials including reversible hydrocolloid (agar), irreversible hydrocolloid (alginate), and custom trays. The key steps for making primary impressions with alginate are also summarized, including preparing the tray, mixing and loading the impression material, and seating the tray in the mouth. Maintaining even pressure on the tray during setting is important to avoid distortions.
This document discusses the process of waxing up a denture. It explains that waxing involves contouring a trial denture base of wax to reproduce the tissues of the mouth. This helps with retention, stability and a natural appearance. The wax can be carved or built up with molten wax. Specific contours are described for different areas. The wax is then refined and gingival details added. The waxed denture is then invested in dental stone by flasking. This involves securing the cast and denture in sections of dental stone in a flask. The wax is then eliminated by heating the flask, allowing the space to be filled with acrylic resin to produce the final denture.
Congestive Heart failure is caused by low cardiac output and high sympathetic discharge. Diuretics reduce preload, ACE inhibitors lower afterload, beta blockers reduce sympathetic activity, and digitalis has inotropic effects. Newer medications target vasodilation and myosin activation to improve heart efficiency while lowering energy requirements. Combination therapy, following an assessment of cardiac function and volume status, is the most effective strategy to heart failure care.
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Gene therapy can be broadly defined as the transfer of genetic material to cure a disease or at least to improve the clinical status of a patient.
One of the basic concepts of gene therapy is to transform viruses into genetic shuttles, which will deliver the gene of interest into the target cells.
Safe methods have been devised to do this, using several viral and non-viral vectors.
In the future, this technique may allow doctors to treat a disorder by inserting a gene into a patient's cells instead of using drugs or surgery.
The biggest hurdle faced by medical research in gene therapy is the availability of effective gene-carrying vectors that meet all of the following criteria:
Protection of transgene or genetic cargo from degradative action of systemic and endonucleases,
Delivery of genetic material to the target site, i.e., either cell cytoplasm or nucleus,
Low potential of triggering unwanted immune responses or genotoxicity,
Economical and feasible availability for patients .
Viruses are naturally evolved vehicles that efficiently transfer their genes into host cells.
Choice of viral vector is dependent on gene transfer efficiency, capacity to carry foreign genes, toxicity, stability, immune responses towards viral antigens and potential viral recombination.
There are a wide variety of vectors used to deliver DNA or oligo nucleotides into mammalian cells, either in vitro or in vivo.
The most common vector system based on retroviruses, adenoviruses, herpes simplex viruses, adeno associated viruses.
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)MuskanShingari
Statistics- Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions.
A statistics is a measure which is used to estimate the population parameter
Parameters-It is used to describe the properties of an entire population.
Examples-Measures of central tendency Dispersion, Variance, Standard Deviation (SD), Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Eigen Value
The biomechanics of running involves the study of the mechanical principles underlying running movements. It includes the analysis of the running gait cycle, which consists of the stance phase (foot contact to push-off) and the swing phase (foot lift-off to next contact). Key aspects include kinematics (joint angles and movements, stride length and frequency) and kinetics (forces involved in running, including ground reaction and muscle forces). Understanding these factors helps in improving running performance, optimizing technique, and preventing injuries.
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and SynonymsPlanet Ayurveda
Giloy, also known as Guduchi or Amrita in classical Ayurvedic texts, is a revered herb renowned for its myriad health benefits. It is categorized as a Rasayana, meaning it has rejuvenating properties that enhance vitality and longevity. Giloy is celebrated for its ability to boost the immune system, detoxify the body, and promote overall wellness. Its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antioxidant properties make it a staple in managing conditions like fever, diabetes, and stress. The versatility and efficacy of Giloy in supporting health naturally highlight its importance in Ayurveda. At Planet Ayurveda, we provide a comprehensive range of health services and 100% herbal supplements that harness the power of natural ingredients like Giloy. Our products are globally available and affordable, ensuring that everyone can benefit from the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda. If you or your loved ones are dealing with health issues, contact Planet Ayurveda at 01725214040 to book an online video consultation with our professional doctors. Let us help you achieve optimal health and wellness naturally.
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7shruti jagirdar
Unit 4: MRA 103T Regulatory affairs
This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
likely to have significant use in the elderly, either because the disease intended
to be treated is characteristically a disease of aging ( e.g., Alzheimer's disease) or
because the population to be treated is known to include substantial numbers of
geriatric patients (e.g., hypertension).
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
Pune Call Girls 7339748667 AVAILABLE HOT GIRLS AUNTY BOOK NOW
123
1. Dr. Rola Shadid Prosthodontics 3rd
year
ARAB AMERICAN UNIVERSITY
Lab. Manual
Prosthetic Dentistry1; Removable Prosthodontics
3rd year
Department of Fixed and removable prosthetic Dentistry
Faculty of Dentistry
2012/2013
Course Instructor
Dr. Rola M. Shadid
2. Dr. Rola Shadid Prosthodontics 3rd
year
Custom Tray Fabrication For Edentulous Patient
Custom trays are individualized impression trays used for making final impressions.
Custom trays are made from a preliminary or diagnostic cast. They are most commonly made of
a rigid acrylic resin (e.g. SR-Ivolin, Hygon, Formatray, Triad). Trays are made short of the
periphery of the diagnostic casts, since they are usually overextended, due to the viscosity of the
irreversible hydrocolloid used to make the preliminary impression.
Purpose of a custom tray
1. Minimize impression material distortion (uniform thickness, rigid tray)
2. Prevent tissue distortion (less viscous material, more accurately adapted tray)
3. Reduce costs - less impression material (expensive) is used
4. Allow for accuracy by molding the border, resulting in improved retention
Procedure:
1.Use a pencil to outline the depth of the vestibule (where the vertical portion of the ridge begins
to turn toward the horizontal portion of the vestibule) and across the vibrating line
2.Draw a second line 2-3 mm short of the first around the vestibule
3.Provide adequate room for frenal attachments (narrow labial, and wide buccal)
4.Block out all undercuts with baseplate wax to prevent the tray from locking onto the cast
5.Lightly lubricate the cast (petroleum jelly, Alcote or material specific release agent)
6.Adapt a spacer of one thickness of base plate wax to the maxillary not mandibular cast. Trim
the spacer 3 mm short of the second line in the vestibule and in a “butterfly” configuration at the
vibrating line from hamular notch to hamular notch (do not relief wax over the blockout placed
previously). The spacer provides room for the impression material, but more importantly
minimizes the production of hydraulic pressures that could distort the mucosa. Where blockout is
placed, these pressures cannot build up because the acrylic is already away from the tissue
7.Place a piece of unpolymerized acrylic resin on the edentulous cast. Wear gloves to minimize
exposure to material to prevent sensitivity reactions.
8.Adapt the resin to the cast (palatal area first), trim excess using red handled knife and a scalpel
blade. Push down through the resin, rather than pulling the blade along the periphery (This will
minimize sticking and tearing of the resin, and result in a better periphery
9.Mold a small vertical handle, attach it to the anterior of maxillary tray and blend well to the
tray material, ensuring it has slight undercuts to aid in removal from the mouth.
10. Construct two auxiliary handles for stabilization and orientation of the tongue. Place the
handles in the area of the 2nd premolars or 1st molars.
11. Adapt the palatal and posterior portions of the tray to ensure proper adaptation.
12. Place the cast with uncured resin under water in a clear container with a lid. The entire tray
must be covered in water to prevent the formation of an air-inhibited layer on the tray. The water
3. Dr. Rola Shadid Prosthodontics 3rd
year
keeps the wax spacer from melting during curing and permits curing without the use of an air
barrier coating. Polymerize in a light-curing unit as per the manufacturer’s recommendations.
13. Use acrylic burs to trim trays make all edges round and smooth.
14. Mandibular trays should be made with two auxiliary handles for stabilization and orientation
of the tongue. Ensure the handles do not impinge on the tongue space, or the tongue may retract
and alter the resting position of the floor of the mouth.
Custom tray material:
Should be safe to handle, compatible with biological tissues & impression
material, sufficiently rigid to preclude distortion.
Examples: Self-cured or light-cured acrylic resin
Peripheral extension:
Cover the entire denture-bearing area within the anatomical limits previously
described.
The tray must extend to the depth of the hamular notches on the upper and should cover
the retromolar pads on the lower . The lingual extension on the lower should stop at the
mylohyoid line in the posterior and at the junction with the floor of the mouth in the
anterior section
2-3 mm short of the sulcus to allow for border molding.
Custom tray handles:
Should be formed to avoid encroaching on the surrounding tissues
The handle must be placed in the anterior so that it does not interfere with
placement of tray or border molding procedures. The handle may be placed
approximately where the wax rim or anterior teeth would be positioned on a
baseplate. (Look at the figure below)
4. Dr. Rola Shadid Prosthodontics 3rd
year
Space for impression material:
In general, should accommodate the optimum thickness of the chosen impression
material
► Zinc oxide-eugenol : close fitting
► Polyvinyl siloxanes: depending on the viscosity
► Polyethers : 2-3mm
► Polysulphides: 2-3mm
Place relief material such as baseplate wax to the outlined area and cut out three
tissue stops. Avoid placing a tissue stop over the incisive papilla.
The maxillary tray is made with 1 mm wax spacer and ends short of the final tray
extensions. On the maxilla, wax must not cover the posterior palatal seal area. The
mandibular tray is made with no spacer (close fit).
Tray is well adapted to the model with no voids.
5. Dr. Rola Shadid Prosthodontics 3rd
year
Custom tray perforations:
Trays for complete dentures are requested without perforations so that peripheral
seal can be estimated.
.
Custom tray thickness:
Tray must be of uniform thickness.
Thickness must be sufficient in strength to prevent distortion or breakage in use. The
required thickness will vary with the material used. In general, acrylic resin and similar
materials (such as light cure resins) should be approximately 2 mm thick.
Custom trays - quality failures
Border extensions significantly longer or shorter than standard.
Tray not stable (flexible) due to insufficient thickness.
Tray cracked or damaged.
Improper handle position (interferes with border molding or insertion).
Sharp and/or rough edges, which may irritate the patient.
6. Dr. Rola Shadid Prosthodontics 3rd
year
Record Bases and Occlusion Rims
Fabrication of Record Bases:
1. Block out severe undercuts on both cast with hard baseplate wax. If the ridge is
very thin, flow wax on each side to prevent fracturing the cast. Excessive blockout
will decrease the retention of the record base.
Block all undercuts
2. Apply a light coat of Vaseline over the entire tissue surface of the cast to serve
as a separating medium.
3. On the Maxillary cast: Place a sheet of resin material in the palate of the cast and
adapt the resin gently moving from the depth of the palate to the borders of the
vestibules to avoid trapping air bubbles under the tray material.
On the Mandibular Cast: Cut a V-shaped wedge out of the middle of the sheet to
permit adaptation of the wafer to the lingual of the cast.
V-shaped wedge out of the middle of the resin sheet
7. Dr. Rola Shadid Prosthodontics 3rd
year
4. Carefully trim the material.
5. Take care not to use excessive finger pressure and thin out the resin.
6. Smooth and trim the borders of the record base until completely smooth.
Wax Occlusion Rims
Maxillary Occlusion Rim:
1. Dry the record base thoroughly as wax will not adhere to a wet surface. Roughen
the area of the record base where the wax will be adapted.
2. Uniformly soften a sheet of hard pink baseplate wax.
3. Flame the wax on a Bunsen burner flame slowly by passing the wax quickly
through the flame many times. When the wax is thoroughly softened, fold the wax
in half. Continue to flame the wax to soften it. Repeat the folding and warming
until the entire sheet of wax is used.
4. Form the wax into a horseshoe shape and adapt the wax to the record base over
the ridge crest area. Begin at the right tuberosity area and continue to the anterior
and opposite tuberosity area.
5. Seal it to the record base with molten wax using a hot spatula. Add wax as
needed to contour the rim. Sticky wax can also be used to attach the occlusion
rims.
6. The rim should approximate the position of the natural teeth. Remember the
facial surfaces of the central incisors are 5-7 mm anterior to the center of the
incisive papilla. (Anterior border of occlusion rim should be slightly facial to
record base flange, generally 5-7 mm facial to the center of the incisal papilla).
7. Use a heated wax spatula to develop a flat occlusal plane.
8. The width of the occlusion rim in the molar area is 8-10 mm, 5-7 mm in the
premolar region, and 3-5 mm in the anterior.
9. Anteriorly: The rim will measure 22 mm from the anterior labial border of the
baseplate (depth of vestibule) to the incisal edge. Posteriorly: The rim will
measure 8 mm from the occlusal surface of the wax rim to the intaglio surface of
the record base.
8. Dr. Rola Shadid Prosthodontics 3rd
year
Labial view of Maxillary occlusion rim
Posterior view of Maxillary occlusion rim
Occlusal view of Maxillary occlusion rim
9. Dr. Rola Shadid Prosthodontics 3rd
year
Mandibular Occlusion Rim:
1. The procedure for making the mandibular rim is very similar to that for the
maxillary rim. Make the height of the rim about 15 to 18 mm from the anterior
border of base plate ( depth of vestibule) to the incisal edge. The shape, position
and dimensions of the rim should represent those of the natural teeth.
2. Posteriorly the wax rim parallels the base of the cast (and residual ridge) on a
plane intersecting the retromolar pad at 1/2 - 2/3 of the pad's height.
3.The occlusal surface gradually widens in width from 3-5 mm in the anterior
region to 5-7 mm in the pre-molar area and to 8-10 mm in the molar region.
10. Dr. Rola Shadid Prosthodontics 3rd
year
4. Anteriorly and posteriorly, the mandibular wax rim should be centered over the
middle of the ridge to maximize stability, which is usually compromised in the
mandible.
Labial view of Mandibular occlusion rim
Side view of Mandibular occlusion rim
11. Dr. Rola Shadid Prosthodontics 3rd
year
The height of mandibular occlusion rim posteriorly
Occlusal view of Mandibular occlusion rim
12. Dr. Rola Shadid Prosthodontics 3rd
year
Mandibular wax rim centered over the middle of the ridge anteriorly and
posteriorly
13. Dr. Rola Shadid Prosthodontics 3rd
year
Evaluation of record bases:
1. Record bases should be 2-3 mm uniformly thick except in vestibule which
may be thicker.
2. Record base extends to depth of vestibule fully filling it.
3. Record base is well adapted to the master cast, rigid, and stable on master
casts (no rocking).
4. All surfaces of record base and occlusion rims should be smooth with no
voids. No wax on tissue side of record base. No space between palate of cast
and record base. Borders should be smoothly contoured as in a complete
denture. Clean.
5. The maxillary wax rim should be slightly facial to the ridge (Anterior border
slightly facial to record base flange, generally 5-7 mm facial to the center of
the incisal papilla).
6. The width of the occlusion rim in the molar area is 8-10 mm, 5-7 mm in the
premolar region, and 3-5 mm in the anterior for both mandibular and
maxillary rims.
7. For maxillary rim, anteriorly: the rim will measure 22 mm from the anterior
labial border of the baseplate (depth of vestibule) to the incisal edge.
Posteriorly: The rim will measure 8 mm from the occlusal surface of the wax
rim to the intaglio surface of the record base.
8. For mandibular rim, the height of the rim about 15 to 18 mm from the
anterior border of base plate ( depth of vestibule) to the incisal edge.
Posteriorly: the wax rim parallels the base of the cast (and residual ridge) on
a plane intersecting the retromolar pad at 1/2 - 2/3 of the pad's height.
9. The mandibular wax rim should be centered over the middle of the ridge.