The document discusses quality processes in software development. It defines quality processes as examining the quality of software models, development processes, and products. It identifies dimensions of quality like technology, methodology, and sociology. It also discusses using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) to improve quality, including aspects like visualization, specification, construction, and documentation. Quality assurance techniques like checking syntax, semantics, and aesthetics are also discussed.
The document discusses frameworks and patterns in object-oriented analysis and design. It defines frameworks as reusable solutions for common problems in a domain that increase reusability and reduce development time. Patterns provide standard solutions to common problems and enable reusable designs. The document describes various creational, structural, and behavioral design patterns including factory, singleton, composite, proxy, and decorator patterns. It explains when and how to apply these patterns to object-oriented analysis and design problems.
This presentation on Object-Oriented Application Frameworks is part of a larger course LINGI2252 on Software Maintenance and Evolution, given at UCL university in Belgium.
This document discusses analyzing and designing a new software system for Horizon Airways using object-oriented principles and UML diagrams. It provides a case study of Horizon Airways and instructs students to create a use case diagram, class diagram, and sequence diagram to model the system based on the case study details. The case study will examine Horizon Airways operations in detail using a Microsoft Word document to understand requirements for the new software system.
The document discusses Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Using UML. It describes UML as a standard language for modeling software systems using diagrams. It identifies the key building blocks of UML as constituents, relationships, and 13 types of diagrams used to represent different views of a system. These diagrams include use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, activity diagrams, and component diagrams.
This document discusses static modeling in object-oriented analysis and design using UML. It covers identifying classes and objects from use cases and requirements, creating class diagrams to represent classes and relationships, and object diagrams to represent specific object instances and relationships. It also discusses class notation, attributes, operations, and relationships like association, dependency, generalization and realization.
The document discusses object-oriented analysis and design using UML. It describes various types of classes like abstract classes, parameterized classes, factory classes, and self-linked classes. It also covers relationships between classes such as recursive aggregation, qualified association, and derived elements. Furthermore, it defines interfaces and how they can be realized by classes to specify services.
The document discusses creating state machine and activity diagrams in UML. It describes the key elements of state machine diagrams like states, events, transitions, and submachines. It also covers the basic elements of activity diagrams such as actions, flows, partitions, and pins. Guidelines are provided for creating both types of diagrams including identifying states and flows, applying branching elements, and modeling parallel activities.
The document discusses frameworks and patterns in object-oriented analysis and design. It defines frameworks as reusable solutions for common problems in a domain that increase reusability and reduce development time. Patterns provide standard solutions to common problems and enable reusable designs. The document describes various creational, structural, and behavioral design patterns including factory, singleton, composite, proxy, and decorator patterns. It explains when and how to apply these patterns to object-oriented analysis and design problems.
This presentation on Object-Oriented Application Frameworks is part of a larger course LINGI2252 on Software Maintenance and Evolution, given at UCL university in Belgium.
This document discusses analyzing and designing a new software system for Horizon Airways using object-oriented principles and UML diagrams. It provides a case study of Horizon Airways and instructs students to create a use case diagram, class diagram, and sequence diagram to model the system based on the case study details. The case study will examine Horizon Airways operations in detail using a Microsoft Word document to understand requirements for the new software system.
The document discusses Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Using UML. It describes UML as a standard language for modeling software systems using diagrams. It identifies the key building blocks of UML as constituents, relationships, and 13 types of diagrams used to represent different views of a system. These diagrams include use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, activity diagrams, and component diagrams.
This document discusses static modeling in object-oriented analysis and design using UML. It covers identifying classes and objects from use cases and requirements, creating class diagrams to represent classes and relationships, and object diagrams to represent specific object instances and relationships. It also discusses class notation, attributes, operations, and relationships like association, dependency, generalization and realization.
The document discusses object-oriented analysis and design using UML. It describes various types of classes like abstract classes, parameterized classes, factory classes, and self-linked classes. It also covers relationships between classes such as recursive aggregation, qualified association, and derived elements. Furthermore, it defines interfaces and how they can be realized by classes to specify services.
The document discusses creating state machine and activity diagrams in UML. It describes the key elements of state machine diagrams like states, events, transitions, and submachines. It also covers the basic elements of activity diagrams such as actions, flows, partitions, and pins. Guidelines are provided for creating both types of diagrams including identifying states and flows, applying branching elements, and modeling parallel activities.
The document provides an overview of software patterns including their objectives, types, UML modeling elements and diagrams, and examples of design patterns like Template Method and Strategy. It discusses architectural patterns like layers, MVC, and SOA. It also covers design patterns like Template Method, Strategy, and Iterator in terms of their intent, participants, consequences, and implementations.
5 - Architetture Software - Metamodelling and the Model Driven ArchitectureMajong DevJfu
The document discusses metamodeling and the Model Driven Architecture (MDA). It covers topics such as model driven engineering, metamodeling, metamodeling in UML, and the OMG technologies that support MDA. Metamodeling involves modeling modeling elements and their relationships. Metamodels define the structure of models, while models are instances that conform to metamodels. The MDA uses metamodels and models to develop and transform systems.
CS8592 Object Oriented Analysis & Design - UNIT IV pkaviya
This document discusses object-oriented analysis and design patterns. It covers GRASP principles for assigning responsibilities to objects, such as information expert and controller. It also discusses design patterns including creational patterns like factory method and structural patterns like bridge and adapter. The document is focused on teaching object-oriented principles for designing reusable and well-structured code.
The document discusses dynamic modeling concepts in object-oriented analysis and design using UML. It defines dynamic modeling as depicting the behavior of static constituents like objects through interaction diagrams, activity diagrams, and state diagrams. It also contrasts static and dynamic modeling, and describes how to create interaction diagrams like sequence and communication diagrams by identifying collaborations and messages between objects.
This presentation is about a lecture I gave within the "Software systems and services" immigration course at the Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila (Italy): http://cs.gssi.infn.it/.
http://www.ivanomalavolta.com
A&D - Object Oriented Analysis using UMLvinay arora
This document discusses object oriented analysis using UML. It defines key concepts like objects, classes, attributes, behaviors, generalization/specialization, aggregation, and relationships. It also describes UML diagrams including use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and activity diagrams. Finally, it outlines the process of object modeling including identifying objects and classes, organizing relationships, and constructing class diagrams.
UML diagrams can be used in three ways: as a sketch, blueprint, or programming language. As a sketch, UML diagrams are informal and aim to communicate some aspect of a system to better understand it. As a blueprint, UML diagrams are more definitive and can be used by developers to follow detailed design specifications. As a programming language, UML diagrams specify a complete system so that code can be automatically generated from the diagrams.
Design patterns are known as best practices that the programmer can use to solve common problems when designing an application or system.
Singelton Design Pattern
Factory Design Pattern
Builder Design Pattern
Strategy Design Pattern
Iterator Design Pattern
Observer Design Pattern
Prototype Design Pattern
Command Design Pattern
Decorator Pattern
Proxy Pattern
Adapter Pattern
This document discusses transformation design patterns for model-driven development. It introduces model-driven development and model transformations. It then describes several common transformation design patterns: Reference Filter, One to Many, Filling the Gaps, Ask the User, Copy a Reference, and Chain. For each pattern, it provides a problem example, solution strategy, and consequences of the pattern. The patterns provide approaches for relating input and output models in model transformations.
When designing a web application, drawing diagrams can help programmers understand the requirements of a project and test their mental model of implementation. UML diagrams can capture both application behaviors and data structures. Ones useful to web developers include the deployment, use case, sequence, and state diagrams. The best approach for using UML diagrams with modern web development methods like agile will also be discussed.
The document presents the "4+1" view model for describing software architectures. It consists of five views: the logical view, process view, physical view, development view, and use case scenarios. Each view addresses different stakeholder concerns and can be described using its own notation. The logical view describes the object-oriented decomposition. The process view addresses concurrency and distribution. The physical view maps software to hardware. The development view describes module organization. Together these views provide a comprehensive architecture description that addresses multiple stakeholder needs.
This document provides an overview of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) including its motivations, types of diagrams, syntax, and tools. UML is a standardized modeling language used to communicate software design through visual models. It allows specification of user interactions, system responsibilities, data flow, and more. Common UML diagram types include use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and state diagrams. Each diagram type has a specific notation and purpose in modeling different aspects of a software system.
The document introduces Unified Modeling Language (UML) by describing its history, elements, and common diagram types. It explains that UML was created to model systems using object-oriented concepts and visualize software structure. The key elements are things, relationships, and diagrams. Common diagram types include use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and deployment diagrams.
Architectural models use views to document a system's architecture from different perspectives. Views describe a system's structure and can be used to design and implement more detailed designs. There are four fundamental views in software architecture: the logical view shows key abstractions and objects, the process view shows system components and interactions, the development view decomposes software into components, and the physical view maps software to hardware. Together these views form the "4+1" model for documenting a system's architecture.
This document discusses various design patterns in Python and how they compare to their implementations in other languages like C++. It provides examples of how common patterns from the Gang of Four book like Singleton, Observer, Strategy, and Decorator are simplified or invisible in Python due to features like first-class functions and duck typing. The document aims to illustrate Pythonic ways to implement these patterns without unnecessary complexity.
The document discusses several design techniques for software development including top-down design, bottom-up design, stepwise refinement, levels of abstraction, structured design, integrated top-down development, and Jackson structured programming. Top-down design starts by identifying major modules and decomposing them into lower level modules. Bottom-up design first identifies primitive objects, actions, and relationships. Stepwise refinement involves decomposing design decisions to elementary levels in small increments.
Software Architecture and Project Management module III : PATTERN OF ENTERPRISEsreeja_rajesh
This document discusses various software architecture patterns. It begins by covering communication patterns, including the forward-receiver and client-dispatcher-server patterns. It then discusses structural patterns, including decorator, proxy, bridge, composite and others. For each pattern, it provides descriptions, examples, and UML diagrams. The document is focused on explaining different types of architectural patterns for software design.
This document discusses different generations of programming languages and SQL. It notes that SQL is a 4th generation language used to communicate with database management systems (DBMS), and is non-procedural. PL/SQL extends SQL with procedural features like conditions and loops. When using PL/SQL, one can work with functions, procedures, conditions, loops, triggers and packages. The document also explains that SQL contains data definition language (DDL) to create, alter and drop schema objects, data manipulation language (DML) to insert, update, delete and retrieve data, and data control language (DCL) to grant and revoke privileges from database users.
This document is a curriculum vitae for Talib Hossain Mallick that outlines his professional qualifications and work experience in hotel management. He has over 4 years of experience working in kitchens at various 5-star hotels and resorts in roles such as Commis I-III. His responsibilities included tandoor operations, menu planning, and ensuring food safety and hygiene standards. He holds a diploma in food production from the Institute of Hotel Management in Kolkata.
Ibrahim Abass Ahmed's curriculum vitae provides his personal and contact information, including his name, date of birth, marital status, place of birth, ID number, and contact details. It also lists his education history, including graduating from Ain Shams University's Faculty of Arts with a major in Media and minor in Journalism in 2008. The CV outlines two training sessions, including an ICDL course at Ain Shams University for 10 weeks and an ongoing HR Diploma program. Work experience is detailed from 2010 to the present at Automationology and from 2009 to 2010 at Savola Group. Relevant skills include proficiency with Microsoft Office, Windows, and the Internet.
The document discusses object-oriented analysis and design using UML. It covers defining a system through analyzing problems, identifying stakeholders, and gathering requirements. It also discusses business modeling, system modeling, identifying stakeholders, and managing requirements. Key aspects include using use case diagrams to model system requirements and interactions between actors and use cases.
The document provides an overview of software patterns including their objectives, types, UML modeling elements and diagrams, and examples of design patterns like Template Method and Strategy. It discusses architectural patterns like layers, MVC, and SOA. It also covers design patterns like Template Method, Strategy, and Iterator in terms of their intent, participants, consequences, and implementations.
5 - Architetture Software - Metamodelling and the Model Driven ArchitectureMajong DevJfu
The document discusses metamodeling and the Model Driven Architecture (MDA). It covers topics such as model driven engineering, metamodeling, metamodeling in UML, and the OMG technologies that support MDA. Metamodeling involves modeling modeling elements and their relationships. Metamodels define the structure of models, while models are instances that conform to metamodels. The MDA uses metamodels and models to develop and transform systems.
CS8592 Object Oriented Analysis & Design - UNIT IV pkaviya
This document discusses object-oriented analysis and design patterns. It covers GRASP principles for assigning responsibilities to objects, such as information expert and controller. It also discusses design patterns including creational patterns like factory method and structural patterns like bridge and adapter. The document is focused on teaching object-oriented principles for designing reusable and well-structured code.
The document discusses dynamic modeling concepts in object-oriented analysis and design using UML. It defines dynamic modeling as depicting the behavior of static constituents like objects through interaction diagrams, activity diagrams, and state diagrams. It also contrasts static and dynamic modeling, and describes how to create interaction diagrams like sequence and communication diagrams by identifying collaborations and messages between objects.
This presentation is about a lecture I gave within the "Software systems and services" immigration course at the Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila (Italy): http://cs.gssi.infn.it/.
http://www.ivanomalavolta.com
A&D - Object Oriented Analysis using UMLvinay arora
This document discusses object oriented analysis using UML. It defines key concepts like objects, classes, attributes, behaviors, generalization/specialization, aggregation, and relationships. It also describes UML diagrams including use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and activity diagrams. Finally, it outlines the process of object modeling including identifying objects and classes, organizing relationships, and constructing class diagrams.
UML diagrams can be used in three ways: as a sketch, blueprint, or programming language. As a sketch, UML diagrams are informal and aim to communicate some aspect of a system to better understand it. As a blueprint, UML diagrams are more definitive and can be used by developers to follow detailed design specifications. As a programming language, UML diagrams specify a complete system so that code can be automatically generated from the diagrams.
Design patterns are known as best practices that the programmer can use to solve common problems when designing an application or system.
Singelton Design Pattern
Factory Design Pattern
Builder Design Pattern
Strategy Design Pattern
Iterator Design Pattern
Observer Design Pattern
Prototype Design Pattern
Command Design Pattern
Decorator Pattern
Proxy Pattern
Adapter Pattern
This document discusses transformation design patterns for model-driven development. It introduces model-driven development and model transformations. It then describes several common transformation design patterns: Reference Filter, One to Many, Filling the Gaps, Ask the User, Copy a Reference, and Chain. For each pattern, it provides a problem example, solution strategy, and consequences of the pattern. The patterns provide approaches for relating input and output models in model transformations.
When designing a web application, drawing diagrams can help programmers understand the requirements of a project and test their mental model of implementation. UML diagrams can capture both application behaviors and data structures. Ones useful to web developers include the deployment, use case, sequence, and state diagrams. The best approach for using UML diagrams with modern web development methods like agile will also be discussed.
The document presents the "4+1" view model for describing software architectures. It consists of five views: the logical view, process view, physical view, development view, and use case scenarios. Each view addresses different stakeholder concerns and can be described using its own notation. The logical view describes the object-oriented decomposition. The process view addresses concurrency and distribution. The physical view maps software to hardware. The development view describes module organization. Together these views provide a comprehensive architecture description that addresses multiple stakeholder needs.
This document provides an overview of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) including its motivations, types of diagrams, syntax, and tools. UML is a standardized modeling language used to communicate software design through visual models. It allows specification of user interactions, system responsibilities, data flow, and more. Common UML diagram types include use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and state diagrams. Each diagram type has a specific notation and purpose in modeling different aspects of a software system.
The document introduces Unified Modeling Language (UML) by describing its history, elements, and common diagram types. It explains that UML was created to model systems using object-oriented concepts and visualize software structure. The key elements are things, relationships, and diagrams. Common diagram types include use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and deployment diagrams.
Architectural models use views to document a system's architecture from different perspectives. Views describe a system's structure and can be used to design and implement more detailed designs. There are four fundamental views in software architecture: the logical view shows key abstractions and objects, the process view shows system components and interactions, the development view decomposes software into components, and the physical view maps software to hardware. Together these views form the "4+1" model for documenting a system's architecture.
This document discusses various design patterns in Python and how they compare to their implementations in other languages like C++. It provides examples of how common patterns from the Gang of Four book like Singleton, Observer, Strategy, and Decorator are simplified or invisible in Python due to features like first-class functions and duck typing. The document aims to illustrate Pythonic ways to implement these patterns without unnecessary complexity.
The document discusses several design techniques for software development including top-down design, bottom-up design, stepwise refinement, levels of abstraction, structured design, integrated top-down development, and Jackson structured programming. Top-down design starts by identifying major modules and decomposing them into lower level modules. Bottom-up design first identifies primitive objects, actions, and relationships. Stepwise refinement involves decomposing design decisions to elementary levels in small increments.
Software Architecture and Project Management module III : PATTERN OF ENTERPRISEsreeja_rajesh
This document discusses various software architecture patterns. It begins by covering communication patterns, including the forward-receiver and client-dispatcher-server patterns. It then discusses structural patterns, including decorator, proxy, bridge, composite and others. For each pattern, it provides descriptions, examples, and UML diagrams. The document is focused on explaining different types of architectural patterns for software design.
This document discusses different generations of programming languages and SQL. It notes that SQL is a 4th generation language used to communicate with database management systems (DBMS), and is non-procedural. PL/SQL extends SQL with procedural features like conditions and loops. When using PL/SQL, one can work with functions, procedures, conditions, loops, triggers and packages. The document also explains that SQL contains data definition language (DDL) to create, alter and drop schema objects, data manipulation language (DML) to insert, update, delete and retrieve data, and data control language (DCL) to grant and revoke privileges from database users.
This document is a curriculum vitae for Talib Hossain Mallick that outlines his professional qualifications and work experience in hotel management. He has over 4 years of experience working in kitchens at various 5-star hotels and resorts in roles such as Commis I-III. His responsibilities included tandoor operations, menu planning, and ensuring food safety and hygiene standards. He holds a diploma in food production from the Institute of Hotel Management in Kolkata.
Ibrahim Abass Ahmed's curriculum vitae provides his personal and contact information, including his name, date of birth, marital status, place of birth, ID number, and contact details. It also lists his education history, including graduating from Ain Shams University's Faculty of Arts with a major in Media and minor in Journalism in 2008. The CV outlines two training sessions, including an ICDL course at Ain Shams University for 10 weeks and an ongoing HR Diploma program. Work experience is detailed from 2010 to the present at Automationology and from 2009 to 2010 at Savola Group. Relevant skills include proficiency with Microsoft Office, Windows, and the Internet.
The document discusses object-oriented analysis and design using UML. It covers defining a system through analyzing problems, identifying stakeholders, and gathering requirements. It also discusses business modeling, system modeling, identifying stakeholders, and managing requirements. Key aspects include using use case diagrams to model system requirements and interactions between actors and use cases.
This document provides a recipe for a chocolate death cake. The dough is made from chocolate, butter, eggs, sugar, flour, baking powder, cocoa powder and sour cream. The topping is made from whipping cream and chocolate. The dough is baked in a springform pan at 180C for 40-50 minutes. Once cooled, the cake is cut from the pan and topped with the chocolate cream filling before being refrigerated to harden.
Este documento presenta la memoria de tesis doctoral de Francesc Peris-Bondia sobre la caracterización de la microbiota gastrointestinal humana mediante citometría de flujo y secuenciación de ADN. El objetivo principal es fraccionar poblaciones bacterianas complejas en función de marcadores celulares y estudiar su composición. Adicionalmente, se pretende identificar la fracción activa de la microbiota y estudiar su interacción con el sistema inmune a través de bacterias opsonizadas con inmunoglobulina A. La tesis aportará una visión más
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses quality processes in software development. It describes dimensions of quality like technology, methodology, and sociology. It also discusses ensuring quality of software models through checks of syntax, semantics, and aesthetics. Finally, it covers UML extensions that allow modifying elements of quality processes like stereotypes, constraints, and tagged values.
The document discusses quality processes in software development. It describes dimensions of quality like technology, methodology, and sociology. It also discusses ensuring quality of software models through checks of syntax, semantics, and aesthetics. Finally, it covers UML extensions for modeling quality processes and additional constructs for modeling concurrency and comments.
This document discusses measuring software projects and processes. It describes measuring a project using function points, which involves counting files, interfaces, inputs, outputs and inquiries. Calculating function points involves determining the unadjusted function point count and a value adjustment factor based on general system characteristics. The adjusted function point value provides an estimate of the size of the project.
This document provides an overview of software processes and frameworks. It discusses that a software process defines the tasks and activities required to develop high-quality software. Common framework activities include communication, planning, modeling, construction, and deployment. The document also introduces process models and maturity levels, noting that the Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) defines levels of process capability from incomplete to optimized.
A software process provides stability, control, and organization for software development. It consists of a series of predictable steps that lead to a timely, high-quality product. Key activities include planning, modeling, requirements analysis, design, construction, testing, and deployment. The specific tasks and degree of rigor for each activity may vary based on the type of project and team judgment. Processes should be assessed and improved to ensure quality.
A software process provides stability, control, and organization for software development. It consists of a series of predictable steps that lead to a timely, high-quality product. Key elements include framework activities like planning, modeling, requirements analysis, design, construction, testing, and deployment. The specific tasks and level of rigor for each activity may vary based on the project. Process assessment ensures the process meets criteria for successful software engineering. The primary goal of any process is high-quality software delivered on time through reduced rework.
This document discusses object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It covers the software development life cycle (SDLC), different software development approaches, object-oriented concepts, and the role of OOAD in SDLC. Specifically, it outlines the phases of SDLC, compares software development approaches like waterfall and prototyping, explains core OO concepts, and describes how OOAD incorporates OO principles into requirements analysis and design.
This document provides an overview of an Object Oriented Analysis and Design course using UML. The course aims to teach software professionals the Unified Modeling Language and object oriented methodology. It will cover UML notation, processes, and tools through a series of modules. The modules will introduce UML concepts and diagrams including use case diagrams, class diagrams, state diagrams, and more. The course objectives are to understand UML and orient towards object oriented analysis and design.
The document discusses object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) and its role in the software development life cycle (SDLC). It describes various SDLC approaches like waterfall, prototyping, spiral, and incremental. The spiral approach includes iterative and linear aspects. OOAD uses object-oriented concepts like classes, objects, inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism in the design phase.
1. The document discusses the Unified Process, an iterative software development methodology. It describes the four phases of the Unified Process: Inception, Elaboration, Construction, and Transition.
2. Within each phase, development is organized into iterations which produce executable software increments. Each iteration addresses requirements, design, coding, testing, and deployment activities.
3. The Unified Process uses several modeling techniques including use case models, UML diagrams, and other artifacts to plan and guide the development process from requirements to deployment.
The document provides an overview of software modeling and design methods. It discusses the evolution of modeling approaches like object-oriented analysis and design (OOA/OOD), concurrent and distributed design methods. It also introduces the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and the Unified Software Development Process (USDP). The key advantages of modeling are improved productivity, reduced defects, improved understandability and maintainability. Modeling approaches like OOA/OOD view a system as interacting objects that accomplish tasks.
Agile in Action - Act 1 (Set Up, Planning, Requirements and Architecture)Spiffy
The document discusses an Agile Roadshow presentation on getting started with Agile Application Lifecycle Management (ALM). It covers setting up an Agile project in Visual Studio 2010, including requirements gathering, planning with tools like product and iteration backlogs, and architecture blueprints. The presentation illustrates how Visual Studio and Team Foundation Server support Agile development through features like work item tracking, version control, and customizable process templates.
The document discusses software engineering processes and process frameworks. It describes common framework activities like requirements analysis, design, coding, testing and deployment. It also discusses umbrella activities, process models, the CMMI process model, process patterns, process assessment methods, and process improvement approaches like the Personal Software Process and Team Software Process which emphasize measurement and continuous improvement. The primary goal of any software process discussed is to deliver high quality software on time through effective requirements analysis, design, coding, testing and reducing rework.
This document provides an introduction to object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses the basic concepts of OOAD and how UML uses diagrams to model software systems. UML diagrams can be used in all phases of the software development life cycle, including requirements analysis, design, implementation, and testing. The document also gives an overview of the different parts of UML, such as views, diagrams, relationships, and model elements.
The document provides information on software engineering and the software development process. It discusses software characteristics, applications, and engineering. It describes the software process, including activities like communication, planning, modeling, construction, and deployment. It also discusses process models like waterfall, incremental, RAD, evolutionary/prototyping, and spiral. The waterfall model is explained in detail with the phases of requirements, design, coding, testing, and deployment. Advantages and disadvantages of different models are provided.
The document provides information on software engineering and the software development process. It defines software and discusses its characteristics, categories, and applications. It then describes software engineering, the software process, process models like waterfall and incremental/iterative models. It also discusses software process assessment using CMM levels and objectives of the software process. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of key concepts relating to software, software engineering, and the software development process.
Best Practices in Object Oriented Analysis and Designnguyencraft01
This document discusses object-oriented analysis and design and the six best practices of software engineering. It introduces the six best practices as developing iteratively, managing requirements, using component architectures, modeling visually with UML, continuously verifying quality, and managing change. It then provides more details on each best practice and how the Rational Unified Process (RUP) incorporates these practices.
This document discusses software engineering processes. It defines a software process as a series of predictable steps that leads to timely, high-quality products. It notes that common activities across processes include planning, modeling, analysis, design, construction, testing, and deployment. Processes must be adapted based on project characteristics and allow for flexibility. Frameworks like CMMI, PSP, and TSP provide templates for processes. Processes should be assessed against criteria to ensure quality and allow for continuous improvement. The overall goal of any software process is to deliver high quality products on time.
The document provides an overview of model driven engineering (MDE) and approaches for analyzing software quality, with a focus on performance and reliability. It defines key MDE concepts like models, metamodels, and the Model Driven Architecture. It also discusses measuring performance through metrics, and predicting it using model-based approaches like Software Performance Engineering. Finally, it examines reliability and how MDE can be combined with performance analysis.
The document discusses several software engineering process models. It begins by defining a generic process model with five framework activities: communication, planning, modeling, construction, and deployment. It then describes different types of process flows (linear, iterative, evolutionary, parallel). Next, it discusses prescriptive process models in more detail, including the waterfall model, incremental process models, and evolutionary models like prototyping and spiral. For each model, it provides an overview and highlights advantages and disadvantages.
The document discusses legacy connectivity and protocols. It describes legacy integration as integrating J2EE components with legacy systems. The key approaches to legacy integration are data level integration, application interface integration, method level integration, and user interface level integration. Legacy connectivity can be achieved using Java Native Interface (JNI), J2EE Connector Architecture, and web services. JNI allows Java code to call native methods written in other languages like C/C++. The J2EE Connector Architecture standardizes connectivity through resource adapters. Web services provide a platform-independent approach through XML protocols.
The document discusses messaging and internationalization. It covers messaging using Java Message Service (JMS), including the need for messaging, messaging architecture, types of messaging, messaging models, messaging servers, components of a JMS application, developing effective messaging solutions, and implementing JMS. It also discusses internationalizing J2EE applications.
The document discusses Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) application security. It covers security threat assessment, the Java 2 security model, and Java security APIs. The Java 2 security model provides access controls and allows downloading and running applications securely. It uses techniques like cryptography, digital signatures, and SSL. The Java Cryptography Extensions API provides methods for encrypting data, generating keys, and authentication.
The document discusses various security tools in Java including keytool, jarsigner, and policytool. Keytool is used to manage keystores containing private keys and certificates. It can generate key pairs, import/export certificates, and list keystore contents. Jarsigner signs JAR files using certificates from a keystore. Policytool creates and edits security policy files specifying user permissions. The document provides details on using each tool's commands and options.
This document discusses EJB technology and provides summaries of key concepts:
1. It defines the EJB container model and describes features like security, distributed access, and lifecycle management.
2. It compares the lifecycles of stateless session beans, stateful session beans, entity beans, and message-driven beans.
3. It contrasts stateful and stateless session beans and discusses differences in client state, pooling, lifecycles, and more. It also compares session beans and entity beans in terms of representing processes versus data.
This document discusses behavioral design patterns and J2EE design patterns. It provides descriptions and class diagrams for several behavioral patterns, including Iterator, Mediator, Memento, Observer, State, Strategy, Template Method, and Visitor. It also defines what a J2EE design pattern is and notes that J2EE patterns are categorized into the presentation, business, and integration tiers of an enterprise application.
This document provides an overview of EJB in J2EE architecture and EJB design patterns. It discusses the key characteristics of using EJB in J2EE architecture, including supporting multiple clients, improving reliability and productivity, supporting large scale deployment, developing transactional applications, and implementing security. It also outlines several EJB design patterns, such as client-side interaction patterns, EJB layer architectural patterns, inter-tier data transfer patterns, and transaction/persistence patterns.
This document discusses design patterns and provides examples of structural and behavioral design patterns. It describes the adapter, bridge, composite, decorator, facade, flyweight, proxy, chain of responsibility, and command patterns. Structural patterns are concerned with relationships and responsibilities between objects, while behavioral patterns focus on communication between objects. Examples of UML diagrams are provided to illustrate how each pattern can be modeled.
The document discusses UML diagrams that can be used to model J2EE applications, including use case diagrams, class diagrams, package diagrams, sequence diagrams, collaboration diagrams, state diagrams, activity diagrams, component diagrams, and deployment diagrams. It provides examples of each diagram type using a case study of an online bookstore system. The use case diagram shows use cases and actors, the class diagram shows classes and relationships, and other diagrams demonstrate how specific interactions, workflows, and system configurations can be modeled through different UML diagrams.
This document discusses design patterns and selecting appropriate patterns based on business requirements. It provides an overview of design patterns available in TheServerSide.com pattern catalog, which are organized into categories like EJB layer architectural patterns, inter-tier data transfer patterns, transaction and persistence patterns, and client-side EJB interaction patterns. Examples of patterns in each category are described. Best practices for developing class diagrams and using proven design patterns are also mentioned.
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Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
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12 ooad uml-16
1. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Using UML
Objectives
In this session, you will learn to:
Identify various dimensions of quality processes
Define extension mechanisms of UML
Ver. 1.0 Slide 1 of 23
2. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Using UML
Introducing Quality Process
The purpose of quality processes is to examine the quality
of software models and products developed during the
software development process.
Quality process includes:
Quality of the software development process that is used to
develop the software system.
Quality of the software models that are used for the software
development process.
Quality of the software product obtained at the end of the
software development process.
Quality of the quality process itself.
Ver. 1.0 Slide 2 of 23
3. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Using UML
Identifying Dimensions of Quality Process
The dimensions that need to be considered to produce a
quality product are:
– Technology: Describes the tools required for the software
development process and the output generated.
– Methodology: Describes the sequence of actions that need to
be performed during the software development process to
generate output.
– Sociology: Describes the human resources, environmental
conditions, and skills required for the software development
process.
Ver. 1.0 Slide 3 of 23
4. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Using UML
Identifying Dimensions of Quality Process (Contd.)
Quality checks that you need to apply to ensure the quality
of software products are:
Data quality
Code quality
Model or architecture quality
Process quality
Management quality
Quality environment
Ver. 1.0 Slide 4 of 23
5. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Using UML
Just a minute
• Which of the following quality checks ensures that the
series of activities and tasks performed to develop software
products are correct?
1. Code quality
2. Process quality
3. Management quality
4. Model or architectural quality
Answer:
Process quality
Ver. 1.0 Slide 5 of 23
6. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Using UML
Quality by UML
Modeling enhances the quality of software products
because it enables you to understand the existing software
system and create the desired software system.
To improve the quality of software products, you need to
analyze the effect of UML on the following quality aspects:
– Quality of visualization: Refers to the quality of visual
representation of the artifacts, diagrams, and models.
– Quality of specification: Refers to the quality of the
specifications that provide detailed description of UML artifacts
and diagrams.
– Quality of construction: Refers to the quality of the code
generated from the UML models.
– Quality of documentation: Refers to the quality of the
document that provides guidelines for creating UML artifacts
and diagrams in software models.
Ver. 1.0 Slide 6 of 23
7. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Using UML
Quality by UML (Contd.)
To verify and validate the quality of the software models,
you need to apply quality assurance techniques.
The quality assurance techniques check the following:
– Syntax: To ensure that the software models are syntactically
correct.
– Semantics: To ensure that the software models represent their
intended meaning and their representation is consistent across
the project.
– Aesthetics: To ensure that the software models are symmetric
and complete.
Ver. 1.0 Slide 7 of 23
8. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Using UML
Describing Quality Process Metamodels
Quality process metamodel:
Defines a language for representing another model.
Enables you to understand and describe the elements of a
quality process that are applicable to software development
process.
Depicts the rules that describe how the elements of a quality
process are connected and related to each other.
Ver. 1.0 Slide 8 of 23
9. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Using UML
Describing Quality Process Metamodels (Contd.)
UML Notations for Elements of Quality Process:
Ver. 1.0 Slide 9 of 23
10. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Using UML
Describing Quality Process Metamodels (Contd.)
Process-Component:
A process-component is a set of activities, tasks, roles, and
output of the quality process.
The people who perform roles of a process-components
execute activities and tasks to produce desired output.
For example: Requirement modeling, system designing, and
testing can be process-components in an UML-based project.
Ver. 1.0 Slide 10 of 23
11. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Using UML
Just a minute
• Which of the following process-components indicates the
execution of a sequence of process-components with
varying intensity?
1. Iteration
2. Output
3. Task
4. Activity
Answer:
Iteration
Ver. 1.0 Slide 11 of 23
12. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Using UML
Demo: Identifying Dimensions of Process-Components
Problem Statement:
The supermarket stocks a set of items. Customers take the
items from different counters in required quantities and deposit
them at the billing counter. The clerk enters the code number
of the items and their respective quantity/units. The manager of
the super market plans to automate the existing system by
implementing Supermarket Automation Software (SAS).
The SAS should provide the following features:
Print the bill containing the serial number of the sales transaction,
the name of each item, code number, quantity, unit price and the
total price at the end of a sales transaction. The bill should indicate
the total amount payable.
Print the sales statistics for items that are sold in the supermarket
for any particular period. The sales statistics should indicate the
quantity of an item sold, the price realized, and the profit.
Ver. 1.0 Slide 12 of 23
13. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Using UML
Demo: Identifying Dimensions of Process-Components (Contd.)
Maintain the inventory of the various items of the super market.
The manager upon query should be able to see the inventory
details. In order to support inventory management, the inventory of
an item should be updated whenever an item is sold.
Enable an employee to update the inventory when a new supply
arrives.
Which of the SDLC model is best suited for developing SAS?
What are the roles, activities, tasks, and deliverables for the
design process-component of the development process?
Create a quality process metamodel for the design process
component.
Ver. 1.0 Slide 13 of 23
14. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Using UML
Demo: Identifying Dimensions of Process-Components (Contd.)
Solution:
Microsoft Word
Document
Ver. 1.0 Slide 14 of 23
15. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Using UML
Understanding Extension Mechanism of UML
UML provides several extension mechanisms that enable
developers to modify the software models without changing
the existing notations.
UML also provides additional modeling constructs that
represent flow of events in a software system.
Ver. 1.0 Slide 15 of 23
16. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Using UML
Tailoring UML
UML can be tailored according to a particular application
domain.
The three types of extension elements provided by UML
are:
– Stereotypes: Extends the vocabulary of UML
– Constraints: Extends the semantics of building blocks of UML
– Tagged values: Extends the properties of building blocks of
UML
Stereotypes:
Represent model elements for which UML does not have a
specific notation.
Enable you to distinguish between representation of two similar
elements in a UML diagram.
Are represented as a text string enclosed within guillemets
(<< >>).
Ver. 1.0 Slide 16 of 23
17. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Using UML
Tailoring UML (Contd.)
Constraints:
Represent restrictions and relationships that cannot be
represented using UML notations.
Represent global conditions or conditions that affect several
elements of UML diagrams.
Are enclosed within braces in UML diagrams.
Tagged values:
Store project management related information, such as date of
creating an element and the development and test status of the
element.
Store information about stereotyped model elements.
Can be attached to any model element.
Are represented as a pair of strings within braces.
Ver. 1.0 Slide 17 of 23
18. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Using UML
Modeling Additional Constructs
While modeling a software system using UML, you need to
consider the concurrency and synchronization of the events.
UML provides two standard stereotypes that apply to active
classes for modeling the concurrent flow of events in a
software system:
– process: Represents that a process can execute concurrently
with other processes.
– thread: Represents that a thread can execute concurrently
with other threads within the same process.
Ver. 1.0 Slide 18 of 23
19. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Using UML
Modeling Additional Constructs (Contd.)
Steps to model multiple flows of events in UML class and
interaction diagrams are:
1. Identify the concurrent flow of events in a software system.
2. Identify active objects based on the concurrent flow of events.
3. Group the common set of active objects into an active class.
4. Balance the distribution of responsibilities among the active
classes.
5. Ensure that each active class is both tightly cohesive and
loosely coupled.
6. Create class diagrams to represent static semantics of the
system.
7. Create interaction diagrams to represent dynamic semantics
of the system.
Ver. 1.0 Slide 19 of 23
20. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Using UML
Modeling Additional Constructs (Contd.)
1. Apply the various types of communication methods among
objects.
2. Attach constraints to ensure synchronization among objects.
Ver. 1.0 Slide 20 of 23
21. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Using UML
Modeling Additional Constructs (Contd.)
History state enables a sequential composite state to
remember the last sub-state that was active before the
composite state.
UML provides two types of history states:
– Shallow: Enables an application to remember and reactivate a
state that is at the same nesting depth as the history state.
– Deep: Enables an application to remember and reactivate a
state that is nested at some depth within the composite state.
System designers use comments in UML diagrams to
provide additional information to the programmers about a
model element or a group of model elements.
You depict a comment in UML diagrams by using a note
symbol.
Ver. 1.0 Slide 21 of 23
22. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Using UML
Summary
In this session, you learned that:
The quality process is implemented between iterations and
increments of the software development process to ensure the
quality of software products.
The quality process checks the quality of output after each
phase of software development process.
The software development and quality processes are together
known as the quality software process.
The quality process consists of three dimensions:
– Technology: Describes what the software development process
produces.
– Methodology: Describes how the software development process
produces the software.
– Sociology: Describes who produces the software in the software
development process.
Ver. 1.0 Slide 22 of 23
23. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Using UML
Summary (Contd.)
The activities of each dimension of quality process occur
simultaneously.
UML affects the quality of visualization, specification,
construction, and documentation of software models.
To ensure the quality of software models, you need to check
their syntax, semantics, and aesthetics.
The quality process metamodel depicts the elements of quality
process and their relationships.
The elements of quality process are process-components,
roles, activities, tasks, outputs, and iterations.
To modify UML, you can use the extension elements:
stereotypes, constraints, and tagged values.
UML also provides additional modeling constructs, such as
history states, notes, and comments.
Ver. 1.0 Slide 23 of 23
Editor's Notes
Initiate the session by explaining the session objectives to the students. Tell the students that the quality of software models and products can be examined by using certain processes called quality processes. These processes involve examining the development process, the software model, the product, and the quality process itself. The quality of a software product depends largely on how well the requirements are modeled and how well the requirements are translated into a design. UML is used to model the requirements and create a design for a software system. Therefore, UML plays an important role in the quality processes of an organization.
Explain the purpose of a quality process. Also explain that a quality process includes the quality of the development process, the software models, the product, and the quality process itself. Also explain quality software process by using the figure given on the slide.
Explain the dimensions that need to be considered to produce a quality product. Also explain the orthogonal relationship among the quality process dimensions.
Tell the students that the quality process helps developers to produce software products according to customer needs. It also improves productivity by minimizing the cost required to fix errors. Also tell the students that the earlier in the software development life cycle a defect is found, the less expensive it is to fix. Next, explain the checks that you need to apply to ensure the quality of software products. Organizing people, also known as team organization, is an important aspect of quality environment. You may discuss about team organization in your session. The following topic provides information on team organization. Team Organization The people who are a part of the development and quality teams are responsible for producing quality software products. Therefore, you need to organize and manage people based on their responsibilities in the software development and quality processes. This is known as team organization. The responsibilities of people can be organized in the following three spaces: Problem space Solution space Background space Problem Space In the problem space, you document and analyze the requirements to understand the problem. The problem space includes business analyst, user, end user and domain expert. A business analyst understands and documents the customer requirements using UML notations and diagrams to provide input to system designers. A user is the person who uses the software system within the business environment. For example, in case of the bank ATM system, the branch managers and cashiers of the bank are users. An end user is the person who interacts with the software system and initiates the operations of the software system. For example, in case of the bank ATM system, the bank customers are the end users. A domain expert provides input to re-factor and correct the requirements of the software system that helps the business analyst to create accurate requirements models. In the problem space, the business analyst needs to interact with the user, end user, and domain expert to understand the customer requirements, as shown in the following figure. <<<<<<<<<<INSERT FIGURE>>>>>>>>> Solution Space In the solution space, you understand and describe the solution for the problem described in the problem space. The solution space includes system designer, database designer, interface designer, programmer, prototype developer, and tester. A system designer creates a model for the solution that is implemented by the programmer. Therefore, the system designer needs to interact with the business analyst to understand the requirements. The system designer also needs to interact with the programmer to explain the design. A database designer creates database schemas with the help of UML class diagrams. An interface designer is concerned with the layout, design, and navigation of the interfaces. A tester controls and checks the quality of the code that is generated by a programmer. A prototype developer is a person who creates a prototype before the actual system is developed. In the solution space, the system designer needs to interact with the database designer, interface designer, programmer, prototype developer, and tester to create a model of the software system, as shown in the following figure. <<<<<<<<<<INSERT FIGURE>>>>>>>>> Background Space In the background space, you control the managerial and architectural aspects of software development process. The managerial aspect includes planning resources, budgeting, and scheduling the project. The architectural aspect includes understanding the architecture of the existing system and creating the architecture of the desired software system or solution. The background space includes system architect, prototype developer, database manager, project manager, business sponsor, and steering committee members. A system architect creates the architecture of the system and verifies whether or not the design developed by the system designer can be implemented in the real world. The system designer and prototype developer together examine the application servers and packages before implementing them. A database manager manages the database created by the database designer in the solution space. A project manager plans and organizes the project, obtains resources, and reports the progress of the project to the steering committee. A project manager also performs risk management. The steering committee members analyze the prototypes and output of the project to check the quality of the software product. The steering committee members include business sponsors and domain experts. A business sponsor initiates the project and tracks the progress of the project. The following figure shows the interaction between the system architect, prototype developer, database manager, project manager, business sponsor, and steering committee members of a project in background space. <<<<<<<<<<INSERT FIGURE>>>>>>>>>
Explain the role of modeling in producing quality software products. Also explain the effect of UML on the various quality aspects.
Explain the elements that are checked to verify and validate the quality of the software models. Students might get confused between quality assurance and testing or quality control. Quality assurance is not the same as quality control or testing. The goal of quality control is to: Measure the software products against pre-defined standards. Identify errors and correct them to obtain an error-free, quality product. On the contrary, quality assurance deals with overall management of quality. Management of quality includes organizing people, processes, and the physical environment. In other words, quality assurance creates and manages quality environment for developing the product. After the product is completely developed, the product is tested where quality control comes into action.
Tell the students that to understand the dimensions of a quality process, they need to create a quality process metamodel. Explain the concept of a quality process metamodel by using the example given in the student guide.
Explain the UML notations for the elements of a quality process.
Explain role, activity, task, output, and iteration.
Tell the students that developers may need to modify the software models to improve the quality of the output. The extension mechanism of UML enables developers to modify the software models without changing the existing notations.
Enumerate the extension elements of UML. Explain the use of stereotypes by using the examples given in the student guide.
Explain the use of constraints and tagged values by using the examples given in the student guide.
Explain the process and thread stereotypes provided by UML by using the examples given in the student guide. Also explain synchronization of the flow of events by using the example given in the student guide.
Explain that UML class and interaction diagrams allow you to depict active classes and objects and represent communication and synchronization among them. Next, explain the steps to model multiple flows of events in UML class and interaction diagrams.
Explain the two types of history states and how they are denoted in a UML diagram. Next, explain comments and notes in a UML diagram by using the example given in the student guide.