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The document discusses the definition and principles of cooperatives and management. It defines cooperatives as voluntary arrangements where two or more entities engage in mutually beneficial exchange instead of competing. It describes the cooperative principle as obeying Grice's maxims of quality, quantity, relation, and manner. Coherence is key to the relation maxim and allows people to make sense of what they read and hear in line with their experience.
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The document discusses Grice's Cooperative Principle and its four maxims of conversation: quality, quantity, relation, and manner. It explains how speakers can flout or violate these maxims to convey implied meanings known as conversational implicatures. Examples are provided to illustrate how maxims can be flouted through exaggeration, metaphor, irony, sarcasm, and banter. It also discusses how maxims can be violated by providing insufficient information or being deliberately unclear or insincere. The document concludes by differentiating between infringing on maxims due to lack of ability versus opting out of maxims intentionally.
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The document discusses different economic systems such as capitalism, socialism, and mixed economies. It provides definitions and characteristics of each system. Capitalism involves private ownership and operation for profit, while socialism involves social ownership and cooperative management. A mixed economy combines aspects of both systems. The document then compares capitalism and socialism, noting differences in ownership, incentives, equality, and employment. It outlines benefits of capitalism like efficient allocation and production but also drawbacks like inequality, pollution, and exploitation. In the US, issues highlighted include high poverty and wealth inequality.
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This document summarizes the development of the cooperative movement in India from its beginnings in 1904 to the present. It discusses the historical periods of development, types of cooperatives including agricultural credit societies and marketing cooperatives, causes of slow progress such as government interference and lack of awareness, the role of women in cooperatives, and provides the example of AMUL dairy cooperative which has been highly successful with over 2.6 million milk producers. The conclusion emphasizes that cooperatives must continue to provide leadership to producers in the competitive 21st century business environment.
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Running head: NIKE INC. OUTLINE 1
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Processing cooperatives
NCDC provides financial assistance for establishing agro-processing units, food grain processing facilities, oilseed processing units, and other processing cooperatives. It also supports service cooperatives involved in agricultural credit, labor, water conservation, animal health, rural sanitation, and agricultural insurance. Additionally, NCDC aids industrial cooperatives focused on cottage and village industries, handicrafts, and rural crafts through establishing production facilities, expanding existing units, constructing marketing infrastructure, and strengthening cooperatives' capital bases.
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A cooperative is an organization owned and controlled by its members, who share in the benefits. Cooperatives operate according to principles of democracy, equality, equity and solidarity. There are various types of cooperatives including consumer cooperatives, worker cooperatives, housing cooperatives and agricultural cooperatives. Cooperatives originated in Europe in the 18th century and were influenced by ideas of economic democracy and mutual aid.
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Cooperative
Cooperatives are autonomous associations that are owned and controlled by their members. They operate for the mutual benefit of their members. There are various types of cooperatives including consumers' cooperatives owned by customers, producers' or workers' cooperatives owned and controlled by employees, and housing cooperatives owned by residents. Cooperatives have principles of voluntary and open membership, democratic member control, member economic participation, autonomy and independence, education and training, cooperation among cooperatives, and concern for the community.
Consumer cooperative
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Capitalism and socialism differ in their views on the role of government and economic equality. Socialists believe the government should reduce inequality through programs that benefit the poor, while capitalists argue the free market is more efficient. Schumpeter theorized that advanced capitalism would lead to the election of socialist governments and restrictions on entrepreneurship, eventually replacing capitalism with socialism through democratic means rather than revolution. Intellectuals would play a role in criticizing capitalism and supporting socialism. However, Schumpeter did not foresee the failure of socialism in Eastern Europe or technology fostering innovation in Western societies.
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0
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1&2
- 1. Management of Cooperatives Dr Vijay Pithadia 3/10/2015 1
- 2. Definition • Voluntarily arrangement in which two or more entities engage in a mutually beneficial exchange instead of competing. Cooperation can happen where resources adequate for both parties exist or are created by their interaction. 3/10/2015 2
- 3. The cooperative Principle These ‘rules ‘ of conversation were first formulated by the Paul Grice (1975) as the Co-operative Principle. This states that we interpret the language on the assumption that a speaker is obeying the four maxims (known as Grice’s Maxims) of: • 1 QUALITY (BEING TRUE) • 2 QUANTITY (BEING BRIEF) • 3 RELATION (BEING RELEVANT) • 4 MANNER (BEING CLEAR) 3/10/2015 3
- 4. Coherence • Relation. Key to the maxim of relation is the notion of coherence. Coherence is not something that exists in language, but something that exists in people. It is people who ‘make sense’ of what they read and hear. They try to arrive at an interpretation that is line with their experience of the way the world is. 3/10/2015 4
- 5. Capitalism & Socialism According to Dictionary.com, Capitalism is… • an economic system • investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations 3/10/2015 5
- 6. Definition of Socialism According to Merriam-Webster, Socialism is… • Government ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods • A system of society or group living in which there is not private property • A system or condition of society in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state 3/10/2015 6
- 7. Capitalism vs. Socialism Capitalist countries: • America • Canada • Brazil • Japan • Mexico Socialist countries: • Cuba • Saudi Arabia • Iran • North Korea • Burma 3/10/2015 7
- 8. Mixed Economy According to dictionary.com, a Mixed economy is: • An economy in which some industries are privately owned and others are publicly owned or nationalized • Many capitalist economies are mixed economies (some capitalism and some socialism) 3/10/2015 8
- 9. History of Cooperative Movement • The history of co-operative movement in India is broadly divided into two phases. That means co-operative movement has passed into two phases. They are- • 1) Co –operative movement in pre- independence era. • 2) Co-operative movement in post– independence era. 3/10/2015 9