Running head NIKE INC. OUTLINE 1NIKE INC. OUTLINE 2.docx

Running head: NIKE INC. OUTLINE 1
NIKE INC. OUTLINE 2
Nike Inc. Outline
Karen Broughton
Post University
Ethics Application for Total Quality Management in Nike Inc.
Ethics refers to the right or wrong based on individual’s,
organizational and societal perception of various operations (In
Watkins, 2014). Ethics are very crucial since they establish the
code of ethics of an enterprise which guides the various
activities within it functioning departments. Nike has as well a
code of ethics that helps in improving the efficiency of the
employees in their respective areas of duty.
Training Application for Total Quality Management in Nike Inc.
Training is as well critical ingredient towards the successful
productivity of any organization’s employees. It is the
supervisors’ role to see to it that employees are well trained on
their assignments so as to perform efficiently (Conference
Board, 2004). The Nike Inc. company as well have supervisors,
who ensure that the employees are regularly trained accordance
to their line of assignments and that they as well learn about

various philosophies of total quality management.
Communication Application for Total Quality Management in
Nike Inc.
Communication is the key binding element of the other elements
of total quality management. Through proper channels of
communication and efficiency in the process of transferring
information from sender to the receiver, efficiency is achieved
in any organizations operations (Conference Board, 2004). Nike
Inc. has put in place effective communication channels which
ensure proper information transfer to all stakeholders. The
communication between Nike Inc. and customers is excellent,
the company and suppliers and as well within the enterprise
hence promoting the initiative of total quality management.
Leadership Application for Total Quality Management in Nike
Inc.
Leadership is the essential foundation of the initiative of total
quality management. Since the management is responsible for
directive measures, visions and strategy formulation for the
successful operation of an enterprise (In Watkins, 2014). Nike
as well has a leadership structure that to some extent is
promoting total quality management. However, his leadership is
not performing to full potent, and an improvement should be
targeted to ensure optimal utilization of the various resources.
Teamwork Application for Total Quality Management in Nike
Inc.
Teamwork refers to cooperation by members of given groups to
achieve the various set goals and objectives. Therefore, through
collaboration with stakeholders and employees, an organization
stand a chance to achieve total quality management (Funnell,
2015). Nike Inc. has incorporated its employees into various
groups so as to ensure efficiency and ease of management of the
enterprise.
References

Conference Board, Inc. (2004). Corporate Communications
Trends ... Ruling in Nike Case May Lead to Increased Corporate
Self-Censorship. New York: The Conference Board, Inc.
Funnell, P. (2015). Teamwork.
In Watkins, V. (2014). Achieving water quality standards
through the use of total maximum daily loads: Developments
and challenges.
[Last Name] 7
Travel Ban
[Name]
[Date]

[Name]
[Professor]
[Period]
[Date]
Banning 6 Countries from Entering the U.S.
Theme 1: Idealism vs. Realism
Overview: This issue is a very political topic and that means
that there are automatically two sides of the coin. However,
those two sides also come with one or the other of the two
principles that will be talked about.
Idealists
· Democrats, Liberals – This group is opposed to the travel ban,
and see it as an attack on their ideas and principles. Liberals are
so deeply offended by this because they believe in international
law, globalism, and international organizations. Banning people
coming in from other countries destroys their idea of free and
open borders for all, and they believe that sovereignty includes
immigrants from other countries coming freely. Liberals see an
international system as a community of countries willing to
work together to solve problems. They believe that everyone is
morally good, and that countries should appease people migrate
to them in order to make a more accepting community. This is
why liberals don’t see this ban as morally good but morally
inadequate with their belief system. Idealists first came into
politics following Woodrow Wilson’s presidency, which created
the League of Nations. The League of Nations, of course, was a
failed experiment that was not very effective, but it did pave the
way for the United Nations. While liberals seem to like the idea
of the United Nations because it advanced their idea of world
government, the other group, the realists, tend to believe that
the U.S. is obsolete and needs to be changed or eradicated
altogether.
· Conservatives, Nationalists – This group fits closely into the
realist idea of politics. Realists in this area believe that world
politics is a struggle among self-interested nations for power
and status. For realists, it’s every man for himself, and the idea

of world government seems repulsive and twisted. Realists have
some logical thinking behind this. The U.S. funds international
institutions more than any other country on the planet, and most
of the other countries part of these institutions don’t pay what
they are supposed to be paying. Because of this, there is a wide
group of people in America who believes that other countries
are using these international institutions as a way to drain the
U.S. taxpayer’s money while strengthening their position in the
world. President Trump’s pulling out of TPP is also another
example of the fight between the realists and the idealists. TPP
would have linked the U.S. to Asia, while pulling out of it
would encourage sovereignty and bilateral trade agreements. As
for the travel ban, the realists agree on the need for state
sovereignty and making sure that immigrants hold U.S. values
when they come in. This right here is the main cause of
argument between these two sides. While idealists believe in
world government, and that all cultures are created equal,
realists are more Machiavellian and believe that people need to
come into this country as non-radicals. While liberals aim to
appease, conservatives aim to make sure these migrants hold the
values that are fit for the United States. Unfortunately, liberals
think that this is racism and islamophobia, but Benjamin
Franklin, a founding father, thinks otherwise. Franklin believed
that German immigrants could not conform to the set of values
of America, and was afraid that German culture would soon
grow larger than American culture. This is not bigotry, but a
belief that all immigrants are not created equal.
Theme 2: Utopias, Theories, and Ideologies
Ideologies
This issue demonstrated a shift in ideologies, and it’s rather
refreshing that the one featured clash – Democrats vs.
Republicans – is no more. Now, there seems to be a fight
between the globalists and the nationalists. Like said above, the
globalists believe in an open system and advocate strongly for
world government. They have little respect for sovereignty and
seem to want to impose their ideals on other countries. Just look

at Brexit, the EU doesn’t seem to want to help Britain with their
plan to leave the EU, and they are actually planning to make it
harder. It’s not a secret that the EU desires a “soft” Brexit so
that the illusion of a Brexit is the only thing that comes from it.
The nationalists believe in “fair” trade. This is a light form of
protectionism, and rejects unilateral trade agreements.
Nationalists believe that countries have a right to build their
own borders, and are very skeptical of international institutions.
Utopias
The idealists, or the globalists or liberals, believe that world
peace can be fulfilled by world government. The main idea is
that when there is one ruler, there can be no differences, and
thus no conflicts. This idea is flawed, but not exactly ignorant.
For one, international institutions can help aid in world peace,
but when a tyrannical system starts forcing people to conform to
its belief system, violence will eventually break out. In order
for their world government to be a reality, there can be no open
borders or walls; there can be no travel bans. This is why this
issue is only starting to heat up and won’t be ending anytime
soon
Theme 3: Anarchy, Security, and Group Dynamics
There is a stiff need for the two sides to join together and unite;
it’s unlikely to happen. There’s just too much of a gap between
these belief systems, and it seems like neither side is willing to
make concessions to the other. In the end, both sides want
security and neither wants anarchy. Ironically, they both believe
that their system is the best way to provide security, and that
the other side is pushing a system of “fascism” or anarchy.
While liberals believe that all immigrants are equal and should
be welcomed with open arms, the other side seems to want
immigrants to come and accept American values and not impose
their own values on society. Even terms thrown around like
“extreme vetting” gets liberals’ stomachs churning. And terms
such as “melting pot” gets conservatives’ stomachs churning.
Because of this, the U.S. is at risk of destroying itself from
within due to the divisions that have occurred over the past

decade.
Theme 4: Controlling the Behavior of Individuals
There are 2 battles for leadership going on at the heart of the
travel ban. The first is the battle between the Republicans and
Democrats. Republicans, for the most part, are for the travel
ban, and Democrats are against it. The Democrats are powerless
right now, and they can’t do anything in Congress. However,
the court system has struck down the travel ban several times.
So how is this a conflict between Democrats and Republicans?
The court systems that have struck down this ban have been
from states like California and many of the big cities who
oppose this President. The second battle for leadership is going
on inside the White House, and it is between the nationalists
and the globalists. These groups have been the source of all of
the leaks, and seem to want to drive the other out.
The President’s reason for wanting this ban is for security and
to impose an image of strength. This President has talked all
about strength and power, so advocating for such a ban plays
into his narrative of being strong and decisive.
Theme 5: Rational Choice and the Need for Regulations
The major actors are the President, the immigrants, the other
countries, and the people inside the Whitehouse. The ban
supports the President’s own self-interest because it keeps his
promise to implement a ban on certain countries where terrorists
seem to come from. The immigrants are against this ban, as it
goes against their own self-interest of coming to the promise
land and starting a new life. The other countries condemn this
ban because most of their leadership are globalists who want
free and open borders. The Chancellor of Germany, Angela
Merkel, has opposed much of this administration’s positions
because they coincide with her worldview of an open society.
The people inside the Whitehouse seem to overall support this
ban because it helps their own standing with the President. As
per multiple reports, there is rarely a time when anyone ever
contradicts the President, and this is because no one wants to
get taken down a peg. The ban was obviously created to prevent

terrorism, and it promotes a system of protectionism. Not much
of the economy but the idea that the U.S. is its own separate
country and won’t partake in the Europe’s open borders
policies.
Theme 6: Structures and Institutions
The basic government structures that play an important role in
this ban are the Justice Department, the Executive Branch, and
Homeland Security. Since this ban has been struck down in
multiple courts, the Justice Department’s job is to defend its
legality, and possibly force it to the Supreme Court where one
of the President’s nominated and approved justices lies. The
Executive Branch was in charge of the policy of this ban
through executive order, and Homeland Security was in charge
of implementing this policy at places like airports. One could
argue that this is a system of totalitarianism, but another can
argue that this is Democracy. For one, Congress isn’t involved,
so it gives off the perception that it’s the President calling the
shots. However, the people elected this President and he
campaigned on this for quite a long time, so one can also argue
that this is a representative democracy.
Theme 7: Institutions
The institutions involved can be seen as both some type of evil
institution or representative democracy based on how it is
portrayed by the media and who is watching it. People who
voted against this President are more likely to say that this is
not a system of democracy, while people who voted for this
President will say the opposite. Identity politics plays a big role
in this travel ban, and it’s important to realize that in the end
what comes around goes around. There is no really evil
institution, and there never will be. However, there will always
be these perceptions of evil institutions as long as the
partisanship imprisoning America never breaks.
Theme 8: The Imperfection of Institutions
This issue most certainly represents the realist perspective on
government institutions, and seems the policy supports the idea
that large bureaucratic institutions are ineffective and just bad

at what they do. The implementation of the travel ban was
sloppy and uncoordinated, and this led to the media completely
destroying the President’s policy.
Theme 9: Courts and Law
This issue will most likely go to the Supreme Court because of
the sharp divide between activist judges and constitutional
judges. While activist judges will look at issues and adjust the
Constitution accordingly, constitutional judges will look at
issues and gauge them against the Constitution. Even the court
system cannot escape the partisanship of the 21st Century.
Theme 10: The Democratic Ideal in Modern Society
This ban demonstrated that this is truly a winner-take-all
system. The other side wanted nothing to do with the travel ban,
while the side that won wanted it. There were very few people
in between opposing this policy and supporting it, and this has
led to a crack in democracy. However, this is the way the
system has always worked, and the system of democracy has
lived on, so there will probably be no civil war.
Theme 11:Media, Politics, and Government
On both sides, people view the elites as the enemy. For the
Democrats, they view the people in power as the enemy and the
other side views the “shadow government” and the other world
leaders as the enemy. The one major trend in American politics
is the hatred of the elite or “establishment.” In 2008 and 2012,
Obama seemed to be running against the anti-establishment
candidate, and won both times. Then in the 2016 Primaries,
people were enraged that Clinton “stole” the election from
Sanders for her collusion with the media and DNC. In the 2016
election, one again the anti-establishment candidate won in an
electoral landslide. This hatred of the elites will only continue
until the elites are completely destroyed.
Running Head: POLITICAL SCIENCE THEMES 1
POLITICAL SCIENCE THEMES 2

Political Science Themes
Students Name
Course
Date of Submission
Professors Name
Practical Application Instructions
Idealism Vs Realism
Idealism is anchored on the visualization of ideas based on how
one wishes them to be. Therefore the idealization is visionary
and based on imagination. However, with realism, the
articulation of ideas is mainly anchored on perceiving things as
they are in the real life context. The actors under realism and
realism and idealism they both enjoy equally in aspect oof
presentation of the political interests (Crawford, 2015).
However, the difference comes in the variation of benefits. The
realist's ideas on Marijuana push through the conviction that the
notion of legalization of marijuana is a failure in the United
States of America. The idea may seem good, but it’s a reflection
of the failure of the government to fight drugs. The spread of
the legalization of Marijuana has led to the need for adjustment
of the US drug policy. However, the idealists depict that
legalization of the drug, are based on fantasy world whereby
their arguments are not solid. Some of the rationality include
that weed is safer than alcohol, marijuana can kill cancer cells,

it is less addictive than drinking coffee. However, they don’t
get into the reality that it is a drug and harmful to the health of
the users.
Utopias, Theories, and Ideologies
In the government, the Utopias are given high preference as
they are believed to have a place of ideal perfection in the
social conditions, the law and the government. The utopian
activists are more oriented on the principles of equality in
government, justice, and economics and thus they advocate that
legalization of marijuana will bring all the economic benefits
through increased taxation of industry, the users will not suffer
the problem of using contaminated marijuana and easy
availability to the users will help reduce the addictive
behaviors. Ideologies hold a close relationship with the utopia,
and thus they should be analyzed together. The ideas are
presented as the manifestations of the socialist, the
conservatism, anarchism, and liberalism. There are critical
relationships between the variables where every doctrine
contains a utopia. Both ideologists and the Utopians hold ideas
which are closely linked to a state of reality that the
legalization of weed will alleviate the social well-being of the
society in respect to leisure and improvement of economic
welfare (Kelsen, 2014). Theoretical perspectives are analyzed
based on the current issue, and they show a reflection of highly
researched ideologies which have been proven but they are
subject to criticism. The expression of utopianism is present by
the imagination of better societies where they hold that if the
drug is legal, the society is more well off than if it's illegal. It is
important to identify that equity has been highly idealized, and
theories explain on its possibility. However, equity is just an
imagination, and it can never be achieved.
Anarchy, Security, and Group Dynamics
Anarchy presents an idealized world full of disorder, chaos, and
conflicts due to lack of the supreme authority. In international
relations anarchy portrays weakness due to the dilemma of
security (Sandal, 2013 ). The anarchists advocate that the

legalization of weed will help bring together groups from
different ethnics especially the youths and fight the
discriminative attitudes. The security dilemma under anarchy
system of leadership strives to ensure the level of safety in the
nation is heightened. The legalization probes a question of
whether it will promote high rates of criminality or not.
Therefore, the military strength is strengthened and formation
of alliances to help enhance the security of the country.
Anarchy can on higher level contribute to group dynamics
which can threaten the safety of the country especially if the
structure are not anchored on patriotism or development of the
nation. The actors if they join up in the context where there is
no superior power then it is assuring that the security of the
country will be enhanced.
Controlling the Behavior of Individuals
In many contexts of political situations, there are always battles
for leadership where the leaders strive to secure the desired
position to protect their interests. The fight is resulted by the
need for people to achieve their interest in the position of
leadership in the organization (Gillen, 2013). The leaders
benefit from their position in different capacities as power
becomes a tool to access to the majority of the desired
resources. For example, through the medical pots government
revenue is increased and thus offering a loophole for more
income For the leaders maintain power, they work towards
maintaining a prominent personality like charisma, generosity,
honesty and good will. Most importantly, the leaders in public
thus depict a green image that the medical pot is anchored on
maximizing the welfare of the sick and bettering the society.
The idealization is focused on retaining the power of leadership.
The intragroup conflicts are common in any group formation,
and they reduce the ability of the members to work together and
therefore they are not desirable in leadership.
Rational Choice and the Need for Regulation
Rational choices are presented when the actors tend to choose
the set of a bundle that maximizes personal interests. The

formulation of the decisions is therefore anchored on maximum
benefiting the rational actors (Hoover, 2014). Given a rank and
variety of choices, like alcohol, cocaine and other drugs the
players, therefore, choose the set that offers an optimal level of
satisfaction of personal interests. Therefore, the rational actors
tend to show more preference for marijuana due to satisfaction
they get, and the side effects about other drugs are considered
to be less intense. In an economic situation, a situation of the
tragedy of commons will be achieved if the actors all act
independently with the intention of maximizing personal
interests. The financial systems are diverse for example,
communism, socialism, capitalism and command system and
they present difference in the ownership of resources in the
society.
Structures and Institutions
The government structures constitute the core items or things
that the government needs to lead. They are the essential
functions that the government ought to fulfill to maximize the
welfare of the society. The policy of the government to legalize
medical pot is thus driven by the interest of maximization of the
well-being of the citizens. For an economy to thrive the
definition of the duties of the government should be critically
established (Haber, 2015). The political institutions act as the
facilitators of the structures as they offer a mechanism on the
strategy towards which the actions of the government will be
directed. The political systems constitute of the politicians,
policy makers and other policy and rulemaking bodies that lay a
foundation for the strategy to be adopted in the execution of the
policy on the legalization of given drugs. Depending on the
system of government the services and the institutions may
differ whereby some nations perceive the policy as the
promotion of immorality in the society and the failure to fight
drugs in the country. In a system of government of democracy,
the policy formulation is anchored on the maximization of the
welfare of the citizens. The Congress members represent
representation of the citizens on whether the drug should be

legalized. However, in a dictatorship, the policy formulation
process does not put into consideration of the citizens rather the
interests of the leader.
Institutions
The idealistic perception mainly governs political institutions
such as the executive. Idealism is utilized in the foreign and
local policies in a state including the medical pot system.
Unrealistic perception in a country extends internationally
whereby; international relations are involved in solving
problems in a country. For instance, the presidential office of
the United States includes other state governments while
tackling an issue that affects the United States of America such
as the use of marijuana for medical purposes in the country.
Idealistic perception of the regulatory institutions is majorly
built by the system builders who trigger the foreign policy
whereby, the issue of the medical port is solved in the United
States but also in other countries(Lebow, 2008). Realism, on the
other hand, brings a concern of whether marijuana should be
legalized or not. The regulatory systems such bureaucratic
institutions are involved in this case to control the commercial
market of medical pot. Realism makes the government restrict
marijuana under the Schedule 1 drugs.
Imperfection of Institutions
The fault of the political institutions is attributed to the failure
of the government to serve its purpose as well as achieving its
goals in controlling marijuana consumption in the United States.
For example, in 2014, Alaska and Oregon made a follow-up in
Colorado and Washington to legalize the smoking pot. The
shortcoming of the government may not be transparent to the
public until the actions of the Alaska and Oregon are challenged
by realistic political intellectuals in the United States of
America. The major point where the government failure can be
traced is the inability of the marijuana policy in various states
due to mismanagement. Proper management of the country by
the government prevents such failures. Therefore, imperfections
of the governmental institutions are defined by the realism

theory as it is the political power that influences various
systems such as the medical pot policy of the country. The
inefficiencies of the governmental institutions can be
highlighted through monitoring by the political intellectuals
who mismanage policies such as the marijuana policy. The
political systems should be controlled and managed properly as
the consequences of the mismanagement leads to adverse effects
on the social, health and economic aspects of the
public(Greener, 2012).
Courts and Laws
In 1996, citizens in California voted for the legalization of
medical pot. The Golden State was hence the active state to
legalize the use of marijuana for medical purposes. After the
state, 28 other districts followed suit and authorized the use of
medical pot. In the recent past, 17 states of US have passed the
use of THC high cannabidiol in small doses for limited
situations where patients require the treatment and also for the
legal purposes. The law and the courts of the United States
protect the medical agencies from the fines which charged to
use of marijuana criminally. The medical institutions are
protected by the law when they cultivate medical pot for use in
dispensaries, and they are allowed to use various species of
marijuana for medical purposes. However, the federal law
categorizes marijuana as a Schedule 1 drug under the Controlled
Substance Act. President Obama in 2009 stated in a memo that
the people who distribute cannabis for medical purposes should
not be victimized. However, in 2013, the department of justice
in the US declared that marijuana remains illegal under the
federal law(Owens, 2011).
Democratic Ideal in the modern society
Arrows theorem is usually applied to the types of the
government adopted in the country, and more importantly, the
theory is used to challenge the democratic government.
According to the arrow’s theorem, there is no perfect voting
system. For example, voting of cannabis legalization among the

29 stated democratic but did not consider other
factors.However, Arrow describes the conditions that lead to
democracy in the country. One of these circumstances is the
universal admissibility whereby, each voter is allowed to own a
rational preference rather than voting in an idea due to
influence of a particular political group. The unanimity
condition should also be considered in the voting of issues such
as medical pot policy by the public. Finally, Arrow describes
that for democracy to be achieved, there should be no
dictatorship. However, tyranny is almost inevitable in
democratic countries as the voters are left with few choices, and
the conditions for fair voting are not maintained. For instance,
despite the legalization of medical pot in 29 states, the policy is
still illegal under the federal law(Mossel, 2011).
Media, Politics, and Government
Media is an influential platform in which the public perception
about the medical pot is manipulated. Mediated reality is often
attributed to the advancement of technology and the tendency of
the public to depend on the social media as the source of
information. The advertisement and the discussion about
medical pot on social media affect people mind both positively
and negatively. The digital platforms such as Facebook and
Twitter are the most powerful services with the highest
followers across the world. The public is reactive to various
issues such as marijuana policy controversies through social
media. The analysis of the national opinion is represented by
the reality and the image that is posted about the medical pot in
the digital services. Televisions are also majorly used for visual
and dramatic models and structure that manipulate people’s
view about the use of marijuana for medical and recreational
purposes (Nyre, 2016).
TBD
The movement on the medical pot has pivotal cases in the court
that have been received over the years. For instance, a case of
medical pot was won by landmark victory of Randall among
other cases. The government is expected by the public to protect

the patients who have been prescribed marijuana for medical
reasons. Although the medical agencies have been winning
these cases, cannabis is still among the substances in Schedule
1. There have been some legal hindrances in the attempt to
reschedule marijuana because common sense is not applied.
Legalization of cannabis sativa has been disabled by the
government(Brown, 2015).
References
Brown, C. (2015). The good, the bad and the TBD of medical
canabis legal decision . Americans for Safe Access , 1-5.
Crawford, R. (2015). Idealism and Realism in International
Relations. Routledge .
Gillen, P. (2013). Leadership in the Heat of Battle . Adventure
Works Press .
Greener, B. K. (2012). International Policing and International
Relations. International Relations , 181-198.
Haber, S. (2015). Political institutions and Financial
Development. Oxford University Press .
Hoover, C. (2014). Economic Systems: Rational Choices .
SAGE Publishers .
Kelsen, H. (2014). Collective Security Under International Law
. Oxford University Press .
Lebow, R. N. (2008). Identiry and International Relations.
Institutions , 473-492.
Mossel, E. (2011). A quantitative Arrow theorem. Probability
Theory and Related Fields , 49-88.
Nyre, L. (2016). Gunn Enli: Mediated Authenticity. How the
Media Contructs Reality. Norsk medietidsskrift , 1-3.
Owens, E. G. (2011). Truthness in Punishment: The Far Reach
of Truth-in-Sentencing Laws in State Courts . Journal of
Empirical Legal Studies , 239-261.
Sandal, N. (2013 ). Religion in International Relations Theory .
Harvard University Press.

Practical Application Example
Star Wars: Episode IV - A New Hope (1977)
James W. Stoutenborough
Theme 1: Idealism vs. Realism
Idealists
– Luke holds an idealized view of virtually
everything. He cannot wait
to join the fight against the Empire. Even when the odds are
long, he holds out hope that
he will be able to save his Aunt and Uncle, find the missing R2-
D2, save the Princess,

and that Han will do the right thing in the end.
– Leia, though a bit more cynical, has
great faith in the ability of
the Rebellion to win out against all odds. When confronted
with a horrible choice, she
believes that if she would reveal the location of the Rebel base,
Grand Moff Tarkin would
keep his word by not destroying Alderaan. Her shock that
Tarkin would go back on his
word illustrates her idealism. Also, she hopes that by
identifying a planet that is not the
primary Rebel base, it will be enough to convince the Empire
that it was.
-Wan Kenobi – While some might believe Obi-Wan
to be a realist, he possesses
a number of qualities that reveal that he is an idealist at heart.
If Obi-Wan was a true
realist, he never would have attempted to train Luke. He never
would come out of
seclusion to help the Rebellion. He never would have sacrificed
himself at the hand of
Darth Vader.
– It may surprise some to see Vader in a list of

idealists. However,
throughout Episode IV, Vader expresses numerous idealist
positions. He has absolute
faith in the Force, and idealistic perspective given how easily
the Jedi were destroyed. He
believes his techniques for extracting the location of the Rebel
base would work in the
end, even if he needed more time. He has the utmost confidence
in his own abilities, as he
tells his fighter escorts that he is to be the one who shoots down
the Rebel fighters. This
overconfidence in his own abilities can only exist if he is an
idealist.
Realists
– Han is to realism what Luke is to idealism. Han
has been there, done that. He
has a very cynical view of the world, and his entire existence is
at the edges of society.
As a smuggler, he interacts with some of the seediest characters
in the galaxy, which
reinforces his need for self-preservation and his willingness to
do just about anything if
the price is right. Operating within this environment ensures
Han is a realist.

-3PO – C-3PO is arguably the most negative character in
the movie. Everything is
doom and gloom for C-3PO. C-3PO constantly complains that
death is imminent, and
that the odds are incredibly low that the group would be
successful.
Theme 2: Utopias, Theories, and Ideologies
Ideologies
following the fall of the Jedi, it
appears as though a substantial proportion of the galaxy
believes that it is a hoax. Han
outright calls it “a lot of simple tricks and nonsense.” However,
for adherents of this
ideology, the Force is virtually all powerful. For instance,
Vader states, “The ability to
destroy a planet is insignificant next to the power of the Force.”
Toward the end of the
movie, Luke turns off his targeting computer to rely solely on
the Force. Clearly, to
adherents, the Force is a powerful motivator. As with any good
ideology, Obi-Wan states,

“The Force can have a strong influence on the weak-minded.”
Similarly, Obi-Wan argues
that “Vader was seduced by the dark side of the Force.”
Utopias
-Wan outlines his version of a Utopia when he tells Luke
of the times when the Jedi
kept order in the galaxy. He describes this as, “For over a
thousand generations, the Jedi
Knights were the guardians of peace and justice in the old
Republic…before the dark
times…before the Empire.”
considerably darker. They want to
rule the galaxy and be all-powerful. They want everyone to live
in fear of the dark side.
society similar to the one in
place prior to the rise of the Empire.
Theme 3: Anarchy, Security, and Group Dynamics
Group Dynamics
nets to join together
to fight against the tyranny

of the Empire.
-Wan all learn that they
need to work together to
achieve their collective goals. Although they are not always on
the same side, nobody
would be successful without the assistance of the others. They
overcome adversity as a
group, but only once they learn to work together.
Power & Authority
authority struggle between
Vader and Tarkin. Tarkin believes that the Force is over-rated,
and rests his authority in
the technical superiority of the Death Star. Vader, on the other
hand, believes that his
authority rests in the power of the Force. Both appear to report
directly to the Emperor,
who is clearly the single source of power within the Empire.
as clear. As a Princess, Leia
is afforded some authority and power, but she is not the one
calling all of the shots. The

group dynamics between Han, Luke, and Leia create an
environment where authority and
power are shared at various times, as the events dictate. The
others, recognizing this
authority whenever it suits them, follow along.
tween Han and Chewy, with Han
holding the authority and
power in that relationship.
Theme 4: Controlling the Behavior of Individuals
Maintaining Power/Legitimacy
Vader has little tolerance for
the failures of those below him or any perceived threats to his
power/authority. As noted
above, the exception is Tarkin, though it is clear Vader dislikes
him. Vader maintains
power through fear. By strangling a subordinate who failed by
using the Force, Vader
maintains an environment of fear.
opposed to Vader, she does

not rule with a heavy hand, and is more than willing to follow
the advice of others. Part
of this is related to her not needing to prove her authority, as
her position has a long
history of legitimacy. Furthermore, she leads by example. She
did not have to be the
person risking everything to transport the plans for the Death
Star, but she did. This risk
would likely reinforce her legitimacy as an authoritative figure
within the Rebellion.
Use of Panopticon
announce, “Obi-Wan is here.
The Force is with him.” Vader’s following statement further
illustrates the uselessness of
this observation. “Escape is not his plan. I must face him,
alone.” If escape is not his plan,
then announcing that he was there was not needed. The only
logical explanation for this
was to engender the fear associated with panopticon. Vader is
reminding everyone in the
room that he can see what is happening, through the Force, even
when it is not visibly in
front of him.

Intra-Group Conflict
between
Vader and Tarkin over who
should ultimately make decisions throughout the movie.
Because both report directly to
the Emperor and it’s Tarkin’s Death Star, even though Vader
was sent to oversee its
completion, Vader does not usurp Tarkin’s control, even as the
two bicker over the best
approaches to achieving their goals. This creates substantial
tension between the two.
upon her arrival. This
constant sniping at each other helps to lower the tension within
the group and adds levity
to tense situations. This allows the group to grow stronger.
Theme 5: Rational Choice and the Need for Regulations
Rational Actors
-enrichment
throughout the majority of the
movie. He is motivated by money and doing whatever he can to
protect himself, which is

ultimately at the heart of the debate over whether Han shot
Greedo first during the
cantina scene.
the original release of the
movie, but was added during
the digital remastered versions) is a gangster to whom Han owes
a lot of money. Jabba
could have Han killed when they meet face to face, but chooses
to allow Han to live
because Han informs Jabba that he is about to make a run that
would allow Han to pay
Jabba back. As a rational actor, Jabba realizes that Han is worth
more alive than dead, as
dead men can’t pay up.
Tragedy of the Commons
eraan, Obi-Wan
sadly remarked, “I felt a
great disturbance in the Force, as if millions of voices suddenly
cried out in terror and
were suddenly silenced. I fear something terrible has
happened.” As Obi-Wan describes
it, “The Force is what gives a Jedi his power. It’s an energy

field created by all living
things. It surrounds us and penetrates us. It binds the galaxy
together.” If the Force binds
the galaxy together through the collective energy field created
by all living things,
destroying an entire planet of living things represents the
destruction of the that common
pool resource, otherwise known as the Force.
Economic System
the Empire to control
everything in the galaxy is reflective of the ideals of capitalism.
Capitalism is a survival
of the fittest economic system, where those who are inefficient
or noncompetitive go out
of business. The Empire takes this idea to the extreme by
essentially conducting a hostile
takeover of all of their competitors.
capitalistic viewpoint, much of what
the Empire does actually appears to abide by a fairly socialistic
approach. The idea of
equality within socialism is taken to its logical extreme by

having all of the
Stormtroopers dressed in identical uniforms that obscures any
identifiable traits of the
person in the uniform (there are other types of Empire soldiers
who are similarly
uniformed). As is frequently identified as a repercussion of
socialism, the Stormtroopers
do not appear to be particularly motivated to do their job. While
they follow orders just
well enough to not be killed, as a fighting unit the
Stormtroopers are fairly inept, as is
illustrated in their inability to hit Luke and Leia despite having
a superior battle position
while Luke and Leia were trapped on a small ledge with
virtually no cover, or in how all
the soldiers guarding the prison level were unable to kill three
people, one of them a giant
Wookie, even though the soldiers had superior cover and
numbers.
Theme 6: Structure and Institutions
political institutions and structures
are discussed throughout the movie.

Tarkin and General Tagge.
Tarkin reports, “The Imperial Senate will no longer be of any
concern to us. I have just
received word that the Emperor has dissolved the council
permanently. The last remnants
of the Old Republic have been swept away forever.” With this
short report, we learn that
the central government of the galaxy was likely an elected body
(if these representatives
were all appointed by the Emperor, there would be no need to
dissolve). While it is not
clear if this is a presidential or parliamentary system from this
particular movie, we do
learn that it is a parliamentary system with geographic
representation (i.e. a certain
number of representatives per planet) in Episodes I-III, with the
Emperor being elected
from within the larger legislative body.
dictatorship and a unitary system of
government.

ground
structure of a pseudo-
government that has its own legitimacy. This pseudo-
government is where Jabba resides.
Everyone knows this structure exists, but nobody is doing much
to try to stop it,
particularly since the Empire is more preoccupied by the
Rebellion. As Obi-Wan puts it,
“Mos Eisley spaceport: You will never find a more wretched
hive of scum and villainy.”
many sub-groups within the
rebellion that are moderately coordinated. However, there
appears to be a central body
that is made up of the many sub-groups that attempts to
coordinate the various groups.
They respect the ideals of the Old Republic, and have attempted
to maintain these
structures during their fight with the Empire.
Theme 7: Institutions
Idealist Perspective on Institutions
fighting the good fight. Luke

cannot wait to join the Rebellion.
Executive
s as the Head of State for
the Emperor. He was sent to
the Death Star by the Emperor to oversee its completion and
testing. He represents the
Empire wherever he is, and has a great deal of authority. In
diplomatic situations, he
represents the Empire, as is made clear in his interactions with
Leia toward the beginning
of the movie.
Theme 8: The Imperfections of Institutions
Realist Perspective on Institutions
that it will win out in the
end.
supremely confident that the
Millennium Falcon will escape anything the Empire throws at
them. He brags, “I’ve
outrun Imperial starships. Not the local bulk cruisers mind you,
I’m talking about the big

Corellian ships now.” As a smuggler, Han knows how easy is to
get around the Empire’s
efforts to stop smuggling.
Institutions Gone Wrong
that is covered in sand,
thus making it easy to track the two drones. They allowed an
“empty” escape pod to get
away. If they were competent, they would have not taken any
chances. The
Stormtroopers were unable to capture or kill Luke, Leia, Han, or
Chewbacca, despite
grossly outnumbering them. They failed to find Luke, Han,
Chewie, Obi-Wan, R2-D2,
and C3PO when searching the Millennium Falcon. In short,
despite their power, they are
incredibly inept.
a
can move about freely on the
planet is a clear indication that the Empire has failed to
maintain control within the
galaxy.

to effectively control the
galaxy.
Assignment for MGT335
Final Paper
The goal of this project is to describe how you would implement
a major program of organizational change as if you were a
senior leader of the company, using one of the following
approaches:
a) Total Quality Management Initiative (TQM)
b) Six Sigma
c) Continual Quality Improvement (CQI)
d) Organizational Learning
e) Kaizen
f) Systems Thinking
Another aim of this paper is to draw upon as much of the course
material as possible, but specifically from Units 5 -8.
You will select a large company, one for which it is easy to get
information to study via web based resources. Examples include
Apple, Dell, GM, etc. Do not select a company you work for or
have worked for.
The requirements for your paper are:
· Research the initiative you select and the business. What is at
issue here is how to affect large scale organizational change.
What is the company you selected doing in this regard?
· Answer/address these questions:
a) What is meant by TQM, Six Sigma or CQI?
b) What specific goals do you hope to achieve with this
program? For example, improve Return on Investment, Market

Share, reduction in errors, etc
c) How will these goals be measured?
d) How will the program be implemented?
e) How will the company be structured to achieve these results?
f) How will “buy-in” by the employees be gained?
g) What is the role of leadership/management in the
implementation of TQM?
h) Discuss the implications for organizational culture
· It is important that you are as specific as possible and that you
use terms and information gleaned from the text and from
research! All research citations must be in APA formatting.
· Specific, real world examples are preferred where possible
(discovered by research). For example, how did a company like
Continental Airlines restructure themselves? How do these
examples reflect concepts we are studying? If you must make
assumptions to supplement the material you find, if insufficient
real world examples exist, then please identify when you have
done so.
Formatting:
· APA formatted using double spaced, 12 point Times New
Roman font.
· APA formatted title and reference pages.
· The suggested page length is 4-12 pages, excluding title,
abstract, or reference pages.
· Normal headings
· Use of bullets acceptable, where appropriate. The entire work
should not be bullets though.
· Graphics are fine as long there are not too many
· Citations in APA standard format. A minimum of 3 separate
citations is required.
· In addressing the questions posed, it is preferable that your
paper “flow” as a coherent narrative, rather than organizing
your paper around the questions; embed your responses to the
questions in the paper.
Deliverable and Weights

The Final Draft will receive a grade of 0 if any of the preceding
deliverables are not turned in as directed. The deliverables are
shown below with their individual percentages of your final
grade based on the entire set of deliverables being worth 25%.
Each one is worth 100 points.
Unit 2: Identification of the business you plan to research
2%
Unit 3: Literature Review 5%
Unit 4: Outline 5%
Unit 6: Rough Draft 3%
Unit 7: Final Draft 10%
25%
Refer to the next page for the grading rubric.
Students: Be sure to read the criteria, by which your
paper/project will be evaluated, before you write, and again
after you write.
Grading Rubric
Criteria
Unacceptable
Needs Improvement
Good
Excellent
0 points
1-4 points
5-12 points
13-15 points
Definition of TQM, Six Sigma or CQI
No discussion or no definition.
Terse, rudimentary or significantly incomplete. Lacks
definition.
More detailed, but still incomplete.

Detailed and thorough description with definition.
0 points
1-2 points
3-4 points
5 points
Information about the business chosen
No specific details about the company.
Company selected but few, specific details provided.
Company selected and 3- 5 specifics identified.
Company selected and 5 or more specifics identified.
0 points
1-2 points
3-4 points
5 points
Identification of goals and outcomes, with specific metrics
No goals identified.
Few goals specifically identified.
Little to no identification of specific measurement criteria.
1 – 3, goals identified, one of which is identified through
research with some concrete examples.
More than 3 goals identified, two of which were discovered by
research.
Detailed and specific examples.
0-5 points
6-12 points
13-18 points
19-20 points
Plan for implementation
Provides a few general concepts or plan is omitted.
Muddled and incomplete discussion of any specific
implementation procedure.

Robust plan for implementation, however, no basis in theory.
Provides several specific details about team building,
communication,
Etc. Uses concepts such as the Yago, Vroom, Yetton Model.
0 points
1-4 points
5-12 points
13-15 points
Discussion of organizational structure
No discussion of organizational structures.
Muddled or incomplete discussion of organizational structures
Discussion of organizational structure is robust, but incomplete.
Provides a thorough overview of two or more such concepts as
mechanistic/ organic organizations, flat/ tall/matrix
organizations, geographic/customer differentiation, etc.
A sample org chart is provided.
0-4 points
5-7 points
8-9 points
10 points
Getting buy-in from employees and overcoming resistance
Muddled, incomplete or overly general discussion of relevant
topics.
Provides a few general ideas regarding implementation.
Robust plan for implementation, however, no basis in theory.
Presents specifics on such things as organizational
socialization, organizational learning, training, behavior
management and motivational techniques, job analysis/design.
Use of theories and concepts evident.
0-4 points

5-7 points
8-9 points
10 points
Role of Leadership
Muddled, incomplete, or overly general description of
leadership functions.
A few specific or several general examples of leadership roles.
Specific roles of leadership indentified, little to no use of
theories.
Provides specific functions of management, for example
Mertzbergs Theory, discusses leadership theories such trait
theory, etc.
0-4 points
5-7 points
8-9 points
10 points
Discussion of the implications for organizational culture
Muddled, incomplete, or overly general description of potential
obstacles.
A few general concepts provided, but lacks sufficient detail.
Culture is defined. Answer is sufficient, but incomplete. No
basis on theory.
Fully discusses such concepts as artifacts, symbols, rituals,
power and control issues, communication gaps and biases.
Culture defined.
0-4 points
5-7 points
8-9 points
10 points
Mechanics – grammar, spelling, writing flow and use of APA
style
Paper is confusing to read. Difficult to understand what is being
conveyed.
Multiple grammar and spelling errors.

Paper is not in APA format.
Paper is poorly structured.
Several grammar and spelling errors.
Paper is well written and cogent.
Some grammar or /spelling errors present.
Paper is in APA format.
Paper is well written and cogent.
Few or no grammar/spelling errors.
Paper is in APA format.

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