This document summarizes gene imprinting. It discusses how imprinting results in parental origin-specific gene expression through epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation. Imprinted genes escape genome-wide epigenetic reprogramming and are important for growth and development. Diseases like Angelman and Prader-Willi syndromes result from abnormalities in imprinted genes on chromosome 15. Imprinting is detected through techniques like bisulfite sequencing that identify methylated cytosines.
This document summarizes gene imprinting. It discusses how imprinting results in parental origin-specific gene expression through epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation. Imprinted genes escape genome-wide epigenetic reprogramming and are important for growth and development. Diseases like Angelman and Prader-Willi syndromes result from abnormalities in imprinted genes on chromosome 15. Imprinting is detected through techniques like bisulfite sequencing that identify methylated cytosines.
1. The document compares genetic and linguistic diversity in Europe and finds some correlations between the two.
2. Structural features of languages may provide a better basis for comparison than vocabulary. Principal component analysis of genetic and linguistic data show some similarities in clustering.
3. Recent population mixing can account for some inconsistencies between the genetic and linguistic patterns. Overall, geography, genetics, and language are interrelated but influenced by separate evolutionary processes over long time periods.
1. The document discusses three main questions regarding human evolutionary genetics: the debate between hybridization models vs. the Southern dispersal route out of Africa, the coevolution of cultural and biological diversity, and challenges to the persistence of racial paradigms given genomic data.
2. Regarding the first question, the author notes several problems with hybridization hypotheses and presents evidence supporting an earlier dispersal of modern humans out of Africa via a Southern route, avoiding contact with Neanderthals.
3. For the second question, the author reviews evidence that increases in brain size did not necessarily correlate with genes associated with cognitive functions, and that cultural and linguistic changes likely evolved in parallel with biological changes.
4.
1. The document compares genetic and linguistic diversity in Europe and finds some correlations between the two.
2. Structural features of languages may provide a better basis for comparison than vocabulary. Principal component analysis of genetic and linguistic data show some similarities in clustering.
3. Recent population mixing can account for some inconsistencies between the genetic and linguistic patterns. Overall, geography, genetics, and language are interrelated but influenced by separate evolutionary processes over long time periods.
1. The document discusses three main questions regarding human evolutionary genetics: the debate between hybridization models vs. the Southern dispersal route out of Africa, the coevolution of cultural and biological diversity, and challenges to the persistence of racial paradigms given genomic data.
2. Regarding the first question, the author notes several problems with hybridization hypotheses and presents evidence supporting an earlier dispersal of modern humans out of Africa via a Southern route, avoiding contact with Neanderthals.
3. For the second question, the author reviews evidence that increases in brain size did not necessarily correlate with genes associated with cognitive functions, and that cultural and linguistic changes likely evolved in parallel with biological changes.
4.
Perché alle Olimpiadi le gare di sprint le vincono sempre atleti caraibici, le maratone gli africani dell'est, che però nel nuoto non combinano niente? Non sarà che ci sono differenze razziali? La risposta, ancora una volta, è no.
3. Gli alleli dello stesso gene differiscono per le mutazioni che portano. Possono essere molti, ma ogni diploide ne porta solo due nel proprio corredo genetico
14. Epistasi o interazione genica La dominanza è una forma di interazione genica: fra due alleli dello stesso gene Interazioni più complesse avvengono fra geni diversi Se c’è dominanza, i rapporti fenotipici in F2 1:2:1 diventano 3:1 Analogamente, molte interazioni geniche semplificano i rapporti mendeliani
21. Penetranza ed espressività Penetranza ed espressività sono due modi per definire l’effetto dell’ambiente e di altri geni sui caratteri ereditari Fra i fattori che possono risentirne: età di insorgenza delle patologie, gravità dei sintomi, associazione ad altri sintomi, risposta al trattamento farmacologico
23. Pelliccia gialla nel topo Non si riesce a ottenere linee pure a pelliccia gialla giallo X selvatico giallo X giallo tutti selvatico 2 giallo : 1 selvatico Come mai?
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