The document introduces semantics and pragmatics. It states that linguistics has three main branches: syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. Semantics is the study of meaning in language and is context-free, focusing on sentence and word meaning. Pragmatics considers meaning in social contexts, speaker's meaning, and is context-dependent by looking at what people intend to convey through language use. Examples are provided to contrast semantic versus pragmatic meaning.

1. Chapter 1:
INTRODUCTION TO SEMANTICS
WHAT IS SEMANTICS ABOUT?

2. Linguistics has three main branches:
Syntax, Semantics, Pragmatics.
Ngôn ngữ học có 3 nhánh chính:
(Cú Pháp Học, Ngữ Nghĩa Học và Ngữ Dụng Học)

3. Syntax is the study of grammar
(phonology, morphology, syntax
and textual grammar)
Cú Pháp Học là khoa học nghiên cứu về ngữ pháp
(Âm vị học, Hình thái học, Cú pháp học
và Ngữ pháp văn bản)

4. Semantics and Pragmatics
deal with meaning.
Ngữ Nghĩa Học và Ngữ Dụng Học
đề cập đến nghĩa.

5. SEMANTICS is the study of
MEANING in LANGUAGE
Ngữ Nghĩa Học là khoa học nghiên cứu về
nghĩa trong ngôn ngữ.

6. PRAGMATICS considers the
MEANING in SOCIAL CONTEXTS
and the ways people produce
and comprehend MEANINGS through language.
(i.e what people mean by the language they use).
Ngữ Dụng Học là khoa học nghiên cứu về
nghĩa trong ngôn cảnh xã hội.
và cách người ta biểu đạt NGHĨA bằng ngôn ngữ.
(ý người ta muốn nói)

7. Semantics is context-free.
Ngữ Dụng Học thì phụ thuộc vào ngôn cảnh.
Ngữ Nghĩa Học thì không phụ thuộc vào ngôn cảnh.
Pragmatics is context-dependent.

8. Example 1
Peter: “Coming down to the pub tonight?”
Bill: “I’ve got to finish a piece of work .”
Semantic
meaning:
Bill’s reply just
informs Peter he
has a piece of
work to finish.
Pragmatic meaning:
Bill’s reply will normally
be taken to indicate that
he is not free
to go to the pub,
even though he does
not actually say that.

9. Example 2
“There’s a new Korean restaurant on Vo Thi Sau Street”
Semantic
meaning:
The speaker simply
informs the hearer
of the new
Korean restaurant
on Vo Thi Sau Street.
Pragmatic
meaning:
The speaker
suggests trying
that new restaurant.

10. Exercise 1 A: ‘Would you like a piece of cake?’
B: ‘I’m on a diet.’
SEMANTIC MEANING PRAGMATIC MEANING

11. Exercise 1 A: ‘Would you like a piece of cake?’
B: ‘I’m on a diet.’
SEMANTIC MEANING PRAGMATIC MEANING
“I want to lose weight
by eating the food
which is not rich in fat,
sugar, etc.’
‘I don’t want
any piece of cake’
or
‘I’m afraid that I have to
refuse your invitation.’

12. Exercise 2 Tom: ‘Do you like the wine I picked out?’
Gina: ‘It’s Italian, isn’t it?’
SEMANTIC MEANING PRAGMATIC MEANING

13. Exercise 2 Tom: ‘Do you like the wine I picked out?’
Gina: ‘It’s Italian, isn’t it?’
SEMANTIC MEANING PRAGMATIC MEANING
‘Is it right that the
wine is made in
Italy?’
‘I don’t like the wine
you picked out.’

14. SENTENCE MEANING
(or WORD MEANING)
SPEAKER’S MEANING
is what a sentence (or
word) means, i.e.
what it counts as the
equivalent of in the
language concerned.
is what a speaker
means (i.e. intends to
convey) when he uses
a piece of language.

15. Semantics
SUMMARY
1. MEANING in LANGUAGE
2. SENTENCE MEANING
Or WORD MEANING
3. CONTEXT-FREE
Pragmatics
1. MEANING in SOCIAL CONTEXT
2. SPEAKER’S MEANING
3. CONTEXT-DEPENDENT

16. https://youtu.be/vDkpwnUybi0