The document analyzes the organization and functioning of India's Public Distribution System (PDS), which aims to provide food grains to the poor at subsidized prices. It discusses the roles of key agencies involved like the Food Corporation of India (FCI) and Central Warehousing Corporation (CWC) in procurement, storage, and distribution. It identifies problems like leakage, poor infrastructure, and corruption. It recommends reforms like involving local communities in identifying eligible households, improving storage and transportation, increasing transparency, and offering a wider range of essential goods through fair price shops to strengthen the PDS.
The Public Distribution System (PDS) in India was established to distribute subsidized food and non-food items to poor people. The central government procures, stores, and allocates food grains while state governments distribute them through fair price shops. Major items distributed include staple foods like wheat and rice. However, corruption and poor targeting have reduced its effectiveness, with many poor people still going hungry. Reforms like the Targeted PDS aimed to better direct subsidies to those below the poverty line.
The document discusses the logistics involved in India's Public Distribution System (PDS). The PDS procures staple foods like rice and wheat and distributes them through a network of over 462,000 fair price shops to millions of Indian families with ration cards. It describes the key entities involved, including central and state governments, traders who operate fair price shops, and consumers. It then outlines the logistical processes of procurement, storage, transportation, bulk allocation, distribution to shops, and purchases by consumers at subsidized prices. The goal of the PDS is to ensure food security for the people of India.
The public distribution system (PDS) in India aims to ensure food security for the country's population through the timely procurement and subsidized distribution of food grains. The PDS is managed jointly by the central and state governments. Food grains are procured by the Food Corporation of India and transported to local fair price shops, where ration cards are used to provide subsidized grains and other items to India's poor and needy populations at an affordable price. However, the system faces limitations like poor identification of beneficiaries and uneven distribution of food grains.
The Food Corporation of India (FCI) was established in 1965 to implement the objectives of India's National Food Policy, which include price support for farmers, distributing food grains nationwide through the Public Distribution System, and maintaining buffer stocks to ensure national food security. The FCI is responsible for storing food grains in warehouses, procuring grains from farmers at minimum support prices set by the government, and supplying grains at subsidized prices through ration shops across the country to benefit society. As the largest public food supply chain in Asia, the FCI purchases 15-20% of India's annual wheat and 12-15% of rice output from farmers and transports it for distribution by state governments through ration shops under the Public
The Food Corporation of India was established in 1964 to fulfill key objectives of India's food policy including price support for farmers, public distribution of food grains, maintenance of food buffer stocks, and market regulation to provide affordable food prices. It plays a critical role in transforming India's food security from a crisis management system to a stable security system. Some of its main functions include procuring and storing food grains, distributing them through ration shops, transporting supplies between surplus and deficit regions, and announcing minimum support prices to help farmers.
The document provides an overview of the evolution of the Public Distribution System (PDS) in Kerala, India. It discusses how the PDS shifted in 1997 from a Universal system to a Targeted system, dividing the population into Below Poverty Line (BPL) and Above Poverty Line (APL) categories. This caused issues as ration shop owners had less incentive to sell goods at subsidized prices and black marketeering increased. Today, 70% of Kerala's population no longer uses the PDS, compared to 95% coverage previously under the Universal system. While the Targeted system was a factor, globalization and new identity/payment cards also reduced reliance on ration cards. Reforms are needed to make
The document provides an overview of India's Public Distribution System (PDS), including its evolution, procurement, distribution, evaluation, and suggestions for improvement. It discusses how rationing was first introduced in 1939 and the PDS was established in 1942. Key points include: the Food Corporation of India was created in 1965 to manage food grain storage and distribution; the system was expanded in the 1970s to support farm prices and lower income groups; and revisions in 1992 aimed to improve access in remote areas. Evaluation found only 27% of subsidies reach the poor due to significant leakages. States like Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu have had some success implementing e-governance and monitoring solutions to strengthen the PDS. Suggestions
The Public Distribution System (PDS) in India was established to distribute subsidized food and non-food items to poor people. The central government procures, stores, and allocates food grains while state governments distribute them through fair price shops. Major items distributed include staple foods like wheat and rice. However, corruption and poor targeting have reduced its effectiveness, with many poor people still going hungry. Reforms like the Targeted PDS aimed to better direct subsidies to those below the poverty line.
The document discusses the logistics involved in India's Public Distribution System (PDS). The PDS procures staple foods like rice and wheat and distributes them through a network of over 462,000 fair price shops to millions of Indian families with ration cards. It describes the key entities involved, including central and state governments, traders who operate fair price shops, and consumers. It then outlines the logistical processes of procurement, storage, transportation, bulk allocation, distribution to shops, and purchases by consumers at subsidized prices. The goal of the PDS is to ensure food security for the people of India.
The public distribution system (PDS) in India aims to ensure food security for the country's population through the timely procurement and subsidized distribution of food grains. The PDS is managed jointly by the central and state governments. Food grains are procured by the Food Corporation of India and transported to local fair price shops, where ration cards are used to provide subsidized grains and other items to India's poor and needy populations at an affordable price. However, the system faces limitations like poor identification of beneficiaries and uneven distribution of food grains.
The Food Corporation of India (FCI) was established in 1965 to implement the objectives of India's National Food Policy, which include price support for farmers, distributing food grains nationwide through the Public Distribution System, and maintaining buffer stocks to ensure national food security. The FCI is responsible for storing food grains in warehouses, procuring grains from farmers at minimum support prices set by the government, and supplying grains at subsidized prices through ration shops across the country to benefit society. As the largest public food supply chain in Asia, the FCI purchases 15-20% of India's annual wheat and 12-15% of rice output from farmers and transports it for distribution by state governments through ration shops under the Public
The Food Corporation of India was established in 1964 to fulfill key objectives of India's food policy including price support for farmers, public distribution of food grains, maintenance of food buffer stocks, and market regulation to provide affordable food prices. It plays a critical role in transforming India's food security from a crisis management system to a stable security system. Some of its main functions include procuring and storing food grains, distributing them through ration shops, transporting supplies between surplus and deficit regions, and announcing minimum support prices to help farmers.
The document provides an overview of the evolution of the Public Distribution System (PDS) in Kerala, India. It discusses how the PDS shifted in 1997 from a Universal system to a Targeted system, dividing the population into Below Poverty Line (BPL) and Above Poverty Line (APL) categories. This caused issues as ration shop owners had less incentive to sell goods at subsidized prices and black marketeering increased. Today, 70% of Kerala's population no longer uses the PDS, compared to 95% coverage previously under the Universal system. While the Targeted system was a factor, globalization and new identity/payment cards also reduced reliance on ration cards. Reforms are needed to make
The document provides an overview of India's Public Distribution System (PDS), including its evolution, procurement, distribution, evaluation, and suggestions for improvement. It discusses how rationing was first introduced in 1939 and the PDS was established in 1942. Key points include: the Food Corporation of India was created in 1965 to manage food grain storage and distribution; the system was expanded in the 1970s to support farm prices and lower income groups; and revisions in 1992 aimed to improve access in remote areas. Evaluation found only 27% of subsidies reach the poor due to significant leakages. States like Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu have had some success implementing e-governance and monitoring solutions to strengthen the PDS. Suggestions
This document summarizes a study on the public distribution system (PDS) in India and its implications for poverty and food security. It provides background on the PDS and outlines the study's data sources and methodology. The study finds that over time, access to the PDS expanded significantly across India as the ratio of market to PDS prices increased. The PDS was also found to be generally inclusive of disadvantaged groups. The study estimates the PDS contributed to reductions in poverty and calorie deficiency, particularly for vulnerable groups. Participation in the PDS was determined by various demographic and socioeconomic factors.
The document provides an overview of the Food Corporation of India (FCI). It discusses FCI's history, vision, mission, objectives and organizational structure. Key points include:
1) FCI was established in 1964 under the Food Corporation Act to secure India's food grain supply and implement the national food policy.
2) FCI's vision includes promoting decentralized procurement, ensuring buffer stocks for welfare schemes, and modernizing operations.
3) FCI's mission is to fulfill national food policy targets, monitor quality, ensure accountability and transparency.
4) FCI's objectives are to provide fair prices to farmers, make food grains available at reasonable prices, maintain buffer stocks, and intervene in markets
FCI was established in 1964 under the Food Corporation Act to implement the country's public distribution system and price support operations. It procures, stores, and distributes food grains throughout India on behalf of the government. FCI operates over 12,000 procurement centers and has a vast network of depots and offices. It handles 30-40 million tons of grains annually, making it one of the largest grain procurement and distribution agencies globally. FCI aims to provide stable prices to farmers, make food grains available at reasonable prices to vulnerable groups, maintain buffer stocks for food security, and intervene in markets for price stabilization. It oversees several welfare schemes on behalf of various ministries to supply subsidized grains to millions of people in
This paper reveals the core problem of supply-demand disequilibrium which is due to storage inefficiency. The further requirement is to synthesize the status of knowledge and to provide directions in order to minimize the post-harvest loss of grains in different regions of India.
Agriculture is a major part of India's economy, contributing 25% to GDP. However, agricultural production has stagnated in recent years due to small landholdings, dependence on monsoons, lack of infrastructure and technology. The government has implemented various policies and programs to support the agricultural sector, including providing subsidies, developing new crop varieties, expanding irrigation and credit, and creating support systems like agriculture extension services and crop insurance. The Targeted Public Distribution System aims to ensure food security for poor families across India.
Abstract— The aim of this study was to map comprehensively as the basis for the implementation of technologies that met the needs of dairy farmers. Specifically, the objectives were: to analyze the marketing and institutional characteristics of dairy industryy in rural farmers. The target population is dairy farmers in Central Java, Yogyakarta and East Java Provinces. The numbers of samples were selected in nine dairy cooperatives, which were three cooperatives represented each province, three milk processing industries, and totally 270 farmers as respondents. Data were taken such as demographic characteristic of farmers, farmer groups, and marketing line of milk distribution from farmers to consumers. The results showed that the institutional environment of dairy industry and governance both from Cental Java, Yogyakarta and East Java need handlers more serious, it can be seen from the dependence of farmers on the institutions that exist including cooperatives and milk processing industries still high. From the aspect of livestock farming, cows in East Java showed better performance than the two other major regions, namely Central Java and Yogyakarta. Distribution and marketing of milk which is currently still depends on the institutional binding of cooperative, and dairy processing industry, and there has been no increase of participation in enhancing the value chain.
NEW AGRICULTURAL POLICY OF INDIA 2000, POWER POINT PRESENTATIONDebanjanMondal10
This slide content new agricultural policies of india that was taken in the year of 2000, in the aim of gaining production of 4% in every year till 2020.The whole information has been given on that slide,helps one to get complete knowledge of new policies,and its applications.
Agricultural policy aims to improve cultivation techniques and increase crop yields. It provides strategies and resources to help farmers, such as making sophisticated tools available. The key goals of Bangladesh's National Agriculture Policy are to achieve self-sufficiency in food and ensure dependable food security for all citizens through increasing production of cereals and other crops. The policy outlines 18 program areas to achieve these goals, such as improving seed supply, fertilizer use, irrigation, and strengthening agriculture research and marketing. The New Agricultural Extension Policy was created to efficiently provide extension services to farmers to boost agricultural productivity and incomes in Bangladesh.
The document discusses India's agricultural price policy and related programs. It provides background on how the policy emerged in response to food scarcity issues. It then describes the objectives of price policy, the need for such a policy, its main features including the institutions involved like CACP and FCI. It also discusses factors considered in price setting, effects of the policy, and shortcomings like limited coverage and ineffective PDS. Suggestions are provided to improve the policy including expanding coverage and improving productivity.
The document discusses India's agricultural price policy. Key points:
- The policy aims to protect farmers and consumers by setting minimum support prices and managing buffer stocks. It seeks price stability and food security.
- Institutions like the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices and Food Corporation of India implement the policy through activities like MSP fixation and public distribution systems.
- The policy faces issues like limited coverage of crops, inadequate prices, and problems with the PDS system. Reforms aim to address these issues.
The document outlines India's new national agricultural policy announced in 2000. The policy aims to actualize untapped growth in Indian agriculture by promoting infrastructure, value addition, agribusiness, and biotechnology to achieve 4% annual growth over 20 years. It also seeks to boost exports, ensure food security and fair incomes for farmers, and address issues arising from economic reforms and globalization. The first national agricultural policy emerged in the 1960s in response to drought and war, and resulted in increased GDP, FDI, and exports.
This document summarizes the history and current state of India's Public Distribution System (PDS) and identifies challenges and opportunities for reform. It discusses how the PDS evolved from rationing during World War II to a tool for national food security. Key points include leakage and inefficiency in the distribution process, issues with targeting of beneficiaries, and the potential for integrating PDS with Aadhaar UID cards to increase transparency and accountability. Overall, the document analyzes problems with the PDS and proposes solutions like automated tracking, proper packaging of goods, and eliminating middlemen to reduce corruption.
The document outlines India's National Policy on Agriculture which seeks to actualize untapped growth in Indian agriculture through strengthening rural infrastructure, promoting value addition, creating rural employment, securing livelihoods for farmers, and discouraging urban migration. Key features of the new policy include 4% annual agricultural growth, greater private sector participation, price protections for farmers, agricultural insurance, deregulating commodity movement, rational water resource use, and prioritizing animal husbandry, dairy, and aquaculture. The policy also aims to make agriculture sustainable, ensure food and nutritional security, strengthen technology generation and transfer, improve input management, provide incentives, manage risks, and support agribusiness through various government schemes.
Food Processing Industries (A support system for Non Farm Activities in Rural...iosrjce
“The prosperity of India lies in the prosperity of Villages”--- Mahatma Gandhi
As there is a lot of change in the occupational structure of India since independence. But change in the overall
economy did not have a pronounced effect on rural economies as Indian population still depends largely on
agriculture sector. So, pressure on land should be reduced by giving priority to Rural Non-Farm
Activities(RNFA). Food Processing is one of the such Non-Farm Activity (NFA) which can play a crucial role in
reducing unemployment, poverty and enhances development activities in rural areas. This paper is an attempt to
explain about the significance and performance of important non-farm activity – The food processing industry
(FPI) in India. Further it highlights the major problems faced by FPI. At last it concludes with some remedial
measures for improving their performance
The document summarizes India's National Agriculture Policy from 2000. The policy aims to accelerate growth in the agriculture sector to over 4% annually, achieve equitable growth across regions and farmers, and maximize benefits from agricultural exports. Various initiatives have been implemented to achieve the policy's goals, including national policies on cooperation, seeds, and extension. Food grain production reached a record 212 million tonnes in 2001-02 due to macro-management planning and regional strategies. Technology missions have also been launched to develop horticulture and coconut.
Agriculture is the main source of income and employment in rural areas, especially in poorer countries where it is often the principal employer. Agricultural growth is key to reducing both rural and urban poverty. Agricultural policy instruments include government expenditures on infrastructure, price and trade controls, direct management of production and marketing, improving product and factor markets, developing adequate institutions, and establishing legislative frameworks. However, there is skepticism that current policies primarily benefit large corporations and prioritize high-yield technologies over small farmers and more sustainable approaches.
India's National Food Security Act (NFSA) intends to supply subsidized food grains to two-thirds of the country's 1.25 billion people. The passage of this Act in 2013 marked a major paradigm shift in the fight against food insecurity, from a welfare-based to a rights-based strategy. The purpose of this presentation is to examine the impact of the National Food Security Act (NFSA) on food security outcomes in India. Using a food security measurement methodology, it seeks to investigate the origins of the right to food rhetoric as well as the elements that contribute to perennial failure in food security outcomes. The talk then shifts its focus to the ongoing failure to address childhood malnutrition. The influence of the NFSA on India's food security outcome indicators is detailed in this presentation. The presentation suggests that, in order to ensure the nutritional security of Indians, governments must look beyond subsidized food grain aid.
Prospectus and challenges of contract farming in IndiaDevegowda S R
1) Contract farming can help smaller farmers participate in commercial agriculture by providing inputs, financing, technology and guaranteed markets. It allows farmers access to modern inputs while giving companies a stable supply chain.
2) Studies have shown contract farming can increase yields and profits for farmers compared to non-contract farming. However, it also carries risks of overreliance and manipulation that must be addressed.
3) For contract farming to succeed, frameworks are needed to ensure fair pricing, dispute resolution and benefits for both farmers and companies. The government has a role in facilitating contract registration, research, and developing insurance products.
The document discusses several topics related to business and commerce in India, including:
1. Chambers of commerce aim to enhance business interests of members through networking and addressing grievances. The Public Distribution System provides subsidized food and items to India's poor through ration shops.
2. The Consumer Protection Act of 1986 established consumer councils and courts to protect consumer interests and settle disputes. Voluntary organizations play a role in educating consumers and advocating for consumer rights.
3. The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 constituted India's first comprehensive industrial development policy and remained the basic economic policy framework for decades.
Role of agricultural policies in responding to food security in India8902714972
Food security is achieved when ‘all people at all times have physical and economic access to food that is sufficient to meet dietary needs for a healthy and productive life.
role of agricultural policies in responding to food security in India8902714972
This document discusses India's agricultural policies and their role in ensuring food security. It makes three key points:
1) India's agricultural growth has slowed and been uneven, while 1/4 of the world's food insecure live in India. Subsidies absorb funds that could support health and education.
2) India's 12th Five-Year Plan aims to increase agricultural GDP growth and diversify production to enhance food security. The National Food Security Mission increases grain production.
3) The National Food Security Act of 2013 provides subsidized food grains to 2/3 of Indians through programs like midday meals and public distribution systems. It recognizes maternity entitlements.
This document summarizes a study on the public distribution system (PDS) in India and its implications for poverty and food security. It provides background on the PDS and outlines the study's data sources and methodology. The study finds that over time, access to the PDS expanded significantly across India as the ratio of market to PDS prices increased. The PDS was also found to be generally inclusive of disadvantaged groups. The study estimates the PDS contributed to reductions in poverty and calorie deficiency, particularly for vulnerable groups. Participation in the PDS was determined by various demographic and socioeconomic factors.
The document provides an overview of the Food Corporation of India (FCI). It discusses FCI's history, vision, mission, objectives and organizational structure. Key points include:
1) FCI was established in 1964 under the Food Corporation Act to secure India's food grain supply and implement the national food policy.
2) FCI's vision includes promoting decentralized procurement, ensuring buffer stocks for welfare schemes, and modernizing operations.
3) FCI's mission is to fulfill national food policy targets, monitor quality, ensure accountability and transparency.
4) FCI's objectives are to provide fair prices to farmers, make food grains available at reasonable prices, maintain buffer stocks, and intervene in markets
FCI was established in 1964 under the Food Corporation Act to implement the country's public distribution system and price support operations. It procures, stores, and distributes food grains throughout India on behalf of the government. FCI operates over 12,000 procurement centers and has a vast network of depots and offices. It handles 30-40 million tons of grains annually, making it one of the largest grain procurement and distribution agencies globally. FCI aims to provide stable prices to farmers, make food grains available at reasonable prices to vulnerable groups, maintain buffer stocks for food security, and intervene in markets for price stabilization. It oversees several welfare schemes on behalf of various ministries to supply subsidized grains to millions of people in
This paper reveals the core problem of supply-demand disequilibrium which is due to storage inefficiency. The further requirement is to synthesize the status of knowledge and to provide directions in order to minimize the post-harvest loss of grains in different regions of India.
Agriculture is a major part of India's economy, contributing 25% to GDP. However, agricultural production has stagnated in recent years due to small landholdings, dependence on monsoons, lack of infrastructure and technology. The government has implemented various policies and programs to support the agricultural sector, including providing subsidies, developing new crop varieties, expanding irrigation and credit, and creating support systems like agriculture extension services and crop insurance. The Targeted Public Distribution System aims to ensure food security for poor families across India.
Abstract— The aim of this study was to map comprehensively as the basis for the implementation of technologies that met the needs of dairy farmers. Specifically, the objectives were: to analyze the marketing and institutional characteristics of dairy industryy in rural farmers. The target population is dairy farmers in Central Java, Yogyakarta and East Java Provinces. The numbers of samples were selected in nine dairy cooperatives, which were three cooperatives represented each province, three milk processing industries, and totally 270 farmers as respondents. Data were taken such as demographic characteristic of farmers, farmer groups, and marketing line of milk distribution from farmers to consumers. The results showed that the institutional environment of dairy industry and governance both from Cental Java, Yogyakarta and East Java need handlers more serious, it can be seen from the dependence of farmers on the institutions that exist including cooperatives and milk processing industries still high. From the aspect of livestock farming, cows in East Java showed better performance than the two other major regions, namely Central Java and Yogyakarta. Distribution and marketing of milk which is currently still depends on the institutional binding of cooperative, and dairy processing industry, and there has been no increase of participation in enhancing the value chain.
NEW AGRICULTURAL POLICY OF INDIA 2000, POWER POINT PRESENTATIONDebanjanMondal10
This slide content new agricultural policies of india that was taken in the year of 2000, in the aim of gaining production of 4% in every year till 2020.The whole information has been given on that slide,helps one to get complete knowledge of new policies,and its applications.
Agricultural policy aims to improve cultivation techniques and increase crop yields. It provides strategies and resources to help farmers, such as making sophisticated tools available. The key goals of Bangladesh's National Agriculture Policy are to achieve self-sufficiency in food and ensure dependable food security for all citizens through increasing production of cereals and other crops. The policy outlines 18 program areas to achieve these goals, such as improving seed supply, fertilizer use, irrigation, and strengthening agriculture research and marketing. The New Agricultural Extension Policy was created to efficiently provide extension services to farmers to boost agricultural productivity and incomes in Bangladesh.
The document discusses India's agricultural price policy and related programs. It provides background on how the policy emerged in response to food scarcity issues. It then describes the objectives of price policy, the need for such a policy, its main features including the institutions involved like CACP and FCI. It also discusses factors considered in price setting, effects of the policy, and shortcomings like limited coverage and ineffective PDS. Suggestions are provided to improve the policy including expanding coverage and improving productivity.
The document discusses India's agricultural price policy. Key points:
- The policy aims to protect farmers and consumers by setting minimum support prices and managing buffer stocks. It seeks price stability and food security.
- Institutions like the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices and Food Corporation of India implement the policy through activities like MSP fixation and public distribution systems.
- The policy faces issues like limited coverage of crops, inadequate prices, and problems with the PDS system. Reforms aim to address these issues.
The document outlines India's new national agricultural policy announced in 2000. The policy aims to actualize untapped growth in Indian agriculture by promoting infrastructure, value addition, agribusiness, and biotechnology to achieve 4% annual growth over 20 years. It also seeks to boost exports, ensure food security and fair incomes for farmers, and address issues arising from economic reforms and globalization. The first national agricultural policy emerged in the 1960s in response to drought and war, and resulted in increased GDP, FDI, and exports.
This document summarizes the history and current state of India's Public Distribution System (PDS) and identifies challenges and opportunities for reform. It discusses how the PDS evolved from rationing during World War II to a tool for national food security. Key points include leakage and inefficiency in the distribution process, issues with targeting of beneficiaries, and the potential for integrating PDS with Aadhaar UID cards to increase transparency and accountability. Overall, the document analyzes problems with the PDS and proposes solutions like automated tracking, proper packaging of goods, and eliminating middlemen to reduce corruption.
The document outlines India's National Policy on Agriculture which seeks to actualize untapped growth in Indian agriculture through strengthening rural infrastructure, promoting value addition, creating rural employment, securing livelihoods for farmers, and discouraging urban migration. Key features of the new policy include 4% annual agricultural growth, greater private sector participation, price protections for farmers, agricultural insurance, deregulating commodity movement, rational water resource use, and prioritizing animal husbandry, dairy, and aquaculture. The policy also aims to make agriculture sustainable, ensure food and nutritional security, strengthen technology generation and transfer, improve input management, provide incentives, manage risks, and support agribusiness through various government schemes.
Food Processing Industries (A support system for Non Farm Activities in Rural...iosrjce
“The prosperity of India lies in the prosperity of Villages”--- Mahatma Gandhi
As there is a lot of change in the occupational structure of India since independence. But change in the overall
economy did not have a pronounced effect on rural economies as Indian population still depends largely on
agriculture sector. So, pressure on land should be reduced by giving priority to Rural Non-Farm
Activities(RNFA). Food Processing is one of the such Non-Farm Activity (NFA) which can play a crucial role in
reducing unemployment, poverty and enhances development activities in rural areas. This paper is an attempt to
explain about the significance and performance of important non-farm activity – The food processing industry
(FPI) in India. Further it highlights the major problems faced by FPI. At last it concludes with some remedial
measures for improving their performance
The document summarizes India's National Agriculture Policy from 2000. The policy aims to accelerate growth in the agriculture sector to over 4% annually, achieve equitable growth across regions and farmers, and maximize benefits from agricultural exports. Various initiatives have been implemented to achieve the policy's goals, including national policies on cooperation, seeds, and extension. Food grain production reached a record 212 million tonnes in 2001-02 due to macro-management planning and regional strategies. Technology missions have also been launched to develop horticulture and coconut.
Agriculture is the main source of income and employment in rural areas, especially in poorer countries where it is often the principal employer. Agricultural growth is key to reducing both rural and urban poverty. Agricultural policy instruments include government expenditures on infrastructure, price and trade controls, direct management of production and marketing, improving product and factor markets, developing adequate institutions, and establishing legislative frameworks. However, there is skepticism that current policies primarily benefit large corporations and prioritize high-yield technologies over small farmers and more sustainable approaches.
India's National Food Security Act (NFSA) intends to supply subsidized food grains to two-thirds of the country's 1.25 billion people. The passage of this Act in 2013 marked a major paradigm shift in the fight against food insecurity, from a welfare-based to a rights-based strategy. The purpose of this presentation is to examine the impact of the National Food Security Act (NFSA) on food security outcomes in India. Using a food security measurement methodology, it seeks to investigate the origins of the right to food rhetoric as well as the elements that contribute to perennial failure in food security outcomes. The talk then shifts its focus to the ongoing failure to address childhood malnutrition. The influence of the NFSA on India's food security outcome indicators is detailed in this presentation. The presentation suggests that, in order to ensure the nutritional security of Indians, governments must look beyond subsidized food grain aid.
Prospectus and challenges of contract farming in IndiaDevegowda S R
1) Contract farming can help smaller farmers participate in commercial agriculture by providing inputs, financing, technology and guaranteed markets. It allows farmers access to modern inputs while giving companies a stable supply chain.
2) Studies have shown contract farming can increase yields and profits for farmers compared to non-contract farming. However, it also carries risks of overreliance and manipulation that must be addressed.
3) For contract farming to succeed, frameworks are needed to ensure fair pricing, dispute resolution and benefits for both farmers and companies. The government has a role in facilitating contract registration, research, and developing insurance products.
The document discusses several topics related to business and commerce in India, including:
1. Chambers of commerce aim to enhance business interests of members through networking and addressing grievances. The Public Distribution System provides subsidized food and items to India's poor through ration shops.
2. The Consumer Protection Act of 1986 established consumer councils and courts to protect consumer interests and settle disputes. Voluntary organizations play a role in educating consumers and advocating for consumer rights.
3. The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 constituted India's first comprehensive industrial development policy and remained the basic economic policy framework for decades.
Role of agricultural policies in responding to food security in India8902714972
Food security is achieved when ‘all people at all times have physical and economic access to food that is sufficient to meet dietary needs for a healthy and productive life.
role of agricultural policies in responding to food security in India8902714972
This document discusses India's agricultural policies and their role in ensuring food security. It makes three key points:
1) India's agricultural growth has slowed and been uneven, while 1/4 of the world's food insecure live in India. Subsidies absorb funds that could support health and education.
2) India's 12th Five-Year Plan aims to increase agricultural GDP growth and diversify production to enhance food security. The National Food Security Mission increases grain production.
3) The National Food Security Act of 2013 provides subsidized food grains to 2/3 of Indians through programs like midday meals and public distribution systems. It recognizes maternity entitlements.
This document discusses food security and government intervention in India. It provides background on the definition of food security and the forms of food insecurity. It then reviews the history of food security in India, including the challenges of feeding the growing population pre-Green Revolution, the success of the Green Revolution, and the need for alternative sustainable agriculture approaches now. The document also discusses the government's role in ensuring food availability through policies, public distribution systems, and production incentives to achieve food security goals.
Role of Public Distribution System in Andhra Pradesh an AnalysisDr. Amarjeet Singh
Public Distribution System in India has been one of
the most crucial elements in food policy and food security
system in the country. Public Distribution System in has close
links with food security for the vulnerable segment of
population. It is so because Public Distribution System is
considered as a principal instrument in the hands of the
government for providing safety net to the poor and the
downtrodden. Public Distribution System is the largest
distribution network of its kind in the world. It emerged out
as rationing measure in the backdrop of Bengal famine as
well as a war-time measure during Second World War.
The Government of India in an effort to ensure fair
supply of food items to all citizens of India instituted Fair
Price Shops (FPS) under Public Distribution System (PDS).
Essential commodities such as Rice, Wheat, Sugar, Kerosene,
etc., are supplied to the targeted underprivileged sections as
per the eligibility and at fixed by the Government of India. In
spite of the best efforts by Government officials at various
levels, there are a few bottlenecks and inconveniences to the
targeted citizens in availing the services provided. Over the
years, Public Distribution System has expanded enormously
as poverty alleviation and food security measure to become a
permanent feature of Indian Economy.
The Andhra Pradesh state incorporated various
modifications from time to time to make its implementation
more relevant for the masses and to increase its effectiveness.
This paper analyzes that whether Public Distribution System
is able to achieve its objective of providing food security to
the people. The present paper discusses a brief review of
welfare schemes and also makes a study of existing Public
Distribution System in Andhra Pradesh. An attempt has been
made in this study to ascertain the problems prevailing in
Public Distribution System and to recommend suggestions to
make Public Distribution System is more effective.
The document discusses India's Public Distribution System (PDS) and food security. It begins by noting that around 35% of India's population is considered food insecure. It then provides background on PDS, explaining that it was started in the 1960s to ensure access to essential commodities at affordable prices for poor people through a network of fair price shops. The document outlines some of the key components of PDS including targeted PDS, which aims to provide foodgrains at subsidized rates to below poverty line families. It also discusses some of the major issues with PDS like leakages and inefficiencies, with only a small portion of subsidies actually reaching the poor. It concludes by examining some measures to improve the reach and effectiveness
The Quiet Revolution in India's Food Supply ChainsGenex Logistics
- There has been a rapid transformation of India's food supply chains over the past two decades, with modern retail growing 49% annually and penetrating both urban and rural markets.
- The food processing sector is also growing quickly while concentrating, with little employment growth despite rising capital intensity.
- A modern segment is emerging in the wholesale sector through logistics firms and specialized wholesalers, while traditional wholesale is also transforming through shorter supply chains and reduced roles for brokers.
- This transformation indicates significant changes to India's food supply chains that could impact farmers, but the private sector, both modern and traditional, remains the main driver rather than the government.
The Public Distribution System (PDS) in India aims to provide subsidized food and supplies to the poor, but it suffers from many flaws and inefficiencies. Only about 25% of expenditures on PDS actually reach the poor. Proposed reforms include increasing accountability, monitoring, and eliminating bogus ration cards. IIM Shillong has proposed replacing PDS with a new Assam State Civil Supplies Corporation run as a private-public partnership to eliminate leaks. However, large amounts of grain are still being damaged in government storage facilities, highlighting ongoing problems with the system.
The document discusses India's National Food Security Act (NFSA). It aims to provide food and nutritional security for the population, especially vulnerable groups like children, women and the elderly. Key provisions include subsidized foodgrains through the public distribution system, free school meals, and maternity benefits. The NFSA seeks to cover up to 75% of the rural population and 50% of urban population. However, there are ongoing challenges in its implementation related to costs of procurement and distribution, leakage prevention, and accurate identification of beneficiaries.
The document discusses India's public distribution system for food grains. It provides details on:
1) The evolution of the PDS over time from a general entitlement scheme to the targeted PDS in 1997 aimed at benefiting poor families.
2) Key features of the revamped PDS launched in 1992 and targeted PDS launched in 1997 including allocation amounts and pricing.
3) Provisions and highlights of the National Food Security Act passed in 2013 including entitlements for priority households, nutritional support for different groups, and reforms proposed under the Act.
4) Operational challenges faced in production, procurement, storage and distribution through the PDS as well as associated financial challenges of implementing the Act.
This document provides an overview and analysis of India's proposed National Food Security Bill from 2013. Key points include:
- The bill aims to guarantee subsidized food grains to 75% of the population through the Public Distribution System to address food insecurity.
- It proposes monthly entitlements of cereal grains at subsidized prices for priority and general households. However, there are concerns about the massive scale of procurement, storage, and distribution required.
- Other issues discussed include the centralized approach, lack of state customization, reliance on the existing ineffective PDS framework, production and storage capacity constraints, and identification of beneficiaries.
- Suggestions are provided around decentralizing procurement, reforming the PDS through
An Economic Study of Production and Marketing of Wheat Crop in Block Amnour D...ijtsrd
India is agriculture based country. Agriculture is the most important sector of Indian economy. In India agriculture sector account for about 15 per cent of the Gross Domestic Product 2020 2021. Ujjawal Kumar | Dr. Shiv Mangal Yadav | Dr. Om Prakash Maurya "An Economic Study of Production and Marketing of Wheat Crop in Block Amnour District Saran (Chhapra), Bihar" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59784.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/59784/an-economic-study-of-production-and-marketing-of-wheat-crop-in-block-amnour-district-saran-chhapra-bihar/ujjawal-kumar
This document provides a review of literature related to food security and insecurity. It discusses several studies that have examined issues like chronic and transient food insecurity, the evolution of the concept of food security, the buffer stock policy, impact of population growth and income on food demand, food demand projections, causes of food insecurity at national and household levels, and the relationship between liberalization, trade, agriculture, and food security. The review covers topics such as food availability and accessibility in the context of economic reforms, and the role of the Public Distribution System in providing food security.
Study of Lifestyle Trends on Changing Food Habits of Indian Consumersiosrjce
Global markets have increased the plethora of options available to Indian consumers. With the clear
shift in consumer tastes and preferences, food companies have also capitalized on the same. While Indian
consumers are still not as heavily impacted by the obesity epidemic like some other developed nations – there is
a clear shift; one which does not augur well for the health of the average citizen. The objective of this paper was
to identify these key lifestyle trends that have emerged over the dozen years or so – and understand the way they
are changing food habits. For this purpose, we talked to 600 respondents across 6 cities in India. The research
was conducted using a questionnaire administered online and through CATI. The results overwhelmingly show
that there is a shift from opting to eat at home to opting to eat out. Also interestingly awareness about harmful
effects of processed foods was high but the reason for consumption was attributed primarily to ease of purchase.
The implications of the research are an attempt to ensure that key steps are taken by public officials: such as a
tax on unhealthy foods, subsidies for healthy food, and promotion of healthy norms. Also FSSAI guidelines need
to strengthen to ensure that customer awareness increase and food companies opt for a more transparent
communication platform.
The document discusses food security in India and the proposed National Food Security Bill. It provides background on definitions and measures of food security from WHO and FAO. It outlines India's current situation regarding malnutrition, hunger, and undernourishment. Key points of the proposed National Food Security Bill include legal entitlements to subsidized food grains for priority and general households, and entitlements for child nutrition, maternal nutrition, and vulnerable groups. The bill also aims to reform the public distribution system, increase transparency, and achieve food security through various measures like improving food grain procurement, storage, and distribution.
The document discusses food security and the public distribution system (PDS) in India. It provides background on hunger hotspots and the evolution of the PDS. Key points include: India ranks 94th on the Global Hunger Index; states like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Bihar have very high levels of food insecurity. The PDS was revamped in 1992 and further targeted in 1997 to focus on below poverty line families. It currently provides subsidized grains to over 250 million families through fair price shops.
NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY MISSION 2007 REPORT Praveen Mukati
This document provides an overview of the National Food Security Mission (NFSM) in India. Some key points:
1. NFSM was launched in 2007 with the goal of increasing production of rice, wheat and pulses by 10, 8, and 2 million tonnes respectively by 2011 in order to meet India's growing food demand.
2. It aims to boost production through area expansion, productivity enhancement, soil fertility restoration, and creating employment opportunities.
3. NFSM is implemented through state and district level committees in a farmer-centric approach across 27 states and 561 districts.
4. Strategies include expanding wheat and pulse areas, bridging yield gaps through improved seeds, nutrients, pest management,
The National Food Security Bill of India aims to provide highly subsidized food grains to approximately 75% of rural and 50% of urban populations. It establishes the right to receive monthly rations of cereals, along with provisions for free meals for children and mothers. However, critics argue it will be very costly, estimated between 1.25-1.5 trillion rupees annually, and could disrupt agricultural production and increase food prices. Supporters counter that it is a crucial investment in food security and human capital for India's large population.
1) The document discusses the National Food Security Bill 2013 in India, outlining why it is required, its background and development over time, key aspects of the bill such as entitlements for different groups, and issues around its implementation and sustainability.
2) It provides statistics on malnutrition and hunger in India to demonstrate the need for the bill, and summarizes the bill's provisions around public distribution systems, entitlements for different groups, identification of eligible households, and establishment of food commissions.
3) It also addresses questions around whether India has sufficient food grain production to sustain the bill's initiatives and whether the bill is financially sustainable, noting debates on both sides of this issue.
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11.organization and working of public distribution system in india a critical analysis
1. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-5766(Paper) ISSN 2225-0484(Online)
Vol.1, No.1, 2011
Organization and Working of Public Distribution System in
India: A Critical Analysis
Brij Pal1*
1. Department of Public Administration, S. A. Jain College, Ambala City 134003, Haryana, India
* E-mail of the corresponding author: drbrijpal@yahoo.com
Abstract
The Public Distribution System (PDS) plays an important role in the provision of food security. PDS in
India facilitates the supply of food grains to the poor at a subsidized price. It also helps to modulate open -
market prices for commodities that are distributed through the system. Government accords great
importance to the objective of measuring outcomes of PDS so as to ensure that equal distribution system
serves up the purpose for which it was set up. The present paper critically analyzes the organizational
structure and their loopholes in the functioning of agencies like Food Corporation of India & Central
Warehousing Corporation engaged in the procurement, transportation, storage and distribution. And
suggests remedial measures to make the PDS transparent, efficient and effective without which the vision
of food for all cannot be attained in India.
Keywords: PDS, Food-Security, FCI
1. Introduction
Food security at the level of each individual child, woman and man is the first requirement for a healthy
and productive life. Jawaharlal Nehru had said in 1947, "everything else can wait, but not agriculture".
These words are more relevant today than 65 years ago, since our population has grown from 300 to 1,200
million during this period. The vision of food security in developing country like India where corruption is
prominent in every sphere of public life can’t be fulfilled without the transparent and effective Public
Distribution System (PDS) which is a programme of food security that provides a minimum amount of
cereals at subsidized prices. Recent data from the 61st round of the National Sample Survey in 2004-2005
establishes that targeting of PDS has led to high rates of exclusion of deprived households from the system
and clear worsening of coverage in various States. The concept of Public Distribution System in India
appeared during 1942 for the first time in the modern shape as a result of shortage of food grains during
World War. Consequently Government started intervention in release of food to the people. This
interference of Government in distribution of food grains sustained in major cities, towns & certain other
food dearth areas. Infect PDS in India is more than half-a century old as rationing was first introduced in
1939 in Bombay by the British Government as a measure to ensure equitable distribution of food grains to
the urban consumers in the face of rising prices. Thus, rationing in times of crisis particularly during famine
was the historical ancestor to the national policy of stabilization and management of food grains.
In the face of indistinct inflationary pressures in the economy immediately after Independence, the
Government had to reintroduce rationing in 1950. India retained public distribution of food grains as a
focused social policy, while it embarked on the path of designed economic development in 1951. In the
First Five Year Plan, the scope of distribution system was broadened to make comprehensive to cover all
such rural areas which suffered from stable food shortages. Earlier this programme was basically urban
centric. However, truly speaking food production dropped in 1958, when the Second Plan had just
commenced. This factor forced the Government to restart procurement of food grain and cereals and
impose control on trading of food grains. It also decided to re -introduce PDS.
2. Concept of Public Distribution System
4|Page
www.iiste.org
2. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-5766(Paper) ISSN 2225-0484(Online)
Vol.1, No.1, 2011
PDS is a system whereby accessibility of vital supplies is assured within easy reach of the consumers in
every corner and bend of the country. This is a transaction system where food grain, sugar, and other
necessary items like kerosene oil and edible oil etc. are made available to the people of the state at
reasonable price to meet their minimum needs. Regular and timely availability of supplies is assured
through close monitoring system to make PDS an effective instrument against various forces in the open
market and to keep under check the inflator tendencies. Certain supply on fixed and reasonable prices also
keeps in control the changeable trends of market due to vagaries of whether and subsequent changing
prospects of crops. It serves as a steady stable check on market forces and work as an effective stabilizing
factor. PDS also serves as an effective tool of social welfare and directly contributes to the development of
rural population at large and the poorest of the poor in particular who can not afford to buy necessary and
essential items from open market. PDS also serves as an instrument of rural development especially in far –
flung and inaccessible areas.
For the sake of clarity, the history of PDS in India can be into four phases. The first phase was from its
origins to 1960, a period when the system was extended to other cities. During this phase, distribution
through PDS was usually dependent on imports of food grain. The second phase, from 1960 to 1978, was
one which proverb major organizational changes. Specifically, in response to the food crisis of the mid-
1960s, the government of India took a holistic approach to food security, procurement and storage. The
third phase, from 1978 to 1991, was marked by large-scale growth of the PDS, supported by domestic
procurement and stocks. The fourth phase, from 1991 to the present, is one in which the policy of universal
PDS has been replaced by a targeted policy in line with the objectives of economic liberalization. Thus,
over the entire period, the PDS grew from a rationing scheme in selected cities to a national universal
programme of food distribution and then to a policy targeted at the income-poor.
3. Organization and Working
For the proper management and distribution of food grains the government of India has created Ministry of
Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution. The ministry has been divided into two departments
namely Department of Food and Public Distribution and Department of Consumer Affairs. The department
of food and public distribution is again divided into two parts for the purchase and storage of food grain.
3.1 Food Corporation of India (FCI)
FCI was setup on 14th January 1965 having its headquarters at Chennai under the Food Corporations Act
1964 to implement the following objectives of the National Food Policy:
• Efficient price support operations for conservation the interests of the farmers.
• Distribution of food grains throughout the country for Public Distribution System and
• Maintaining satisfactory level of operational and buffer stocks of food grains to ensure National
Food Security.
FCI is the largest corporation in India and probably the largest supply chain management in Asia. It
operates through 5 zonal offices and 26 regional offices. Each year, the Food Corporation of India
purchases roughly 15-20 per cent of India's wheat output and 12-15 per cent of its rice output (Singh & Sen
2011). The purchases are made from the farmers at the rates declared by the Govt. of India. This rate is
called as MSP (Minimum support Price). There is no limit for procurement in terms of volume; any
quantity can be procured by FCI provided the stock satisfies FAQ (Fair Average Quality) specifications
with respect to FCI. The stocks are elated through all India and issued to the State Government nominees at
the rates affirmed by the Government of India for further distribution under the PDS for the use of the
ration card holders. FCI itself does not directly deal out any stock under PDS and its operation end at the
way out of the stock from its depots. The difference between the purchase price and sale price, along with
internal costs, are reimbursed by the Union Government in the form of Food Subsidy. At present the annual
subsidy is around $10 billion (Sud 2011). FCI by itself is not a Decision making authority; it does not
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decide anything about the MSP, imports or exports. It just implements the decisions made by the Ministry
of Food and Ministry of Agriculture.
3.2 Central Warehousing Corporations (CWC)
The policy purpose is to produce available storage ability necessary for (i) buffer and ready stock of food
grains to supply to the Public Distribution System and (ii) General Warehousing. The attempt is to update
storage ability and to decrease dependence on the capacity under Cover and Plinth (CAP). There are three
agencies in the public sector which are engaged in building large scale storage/ warehousing capacity,
namely, Food Corporation of India (FCI), Central Warehousing Corporation (CWC) and 17 State
Warehousing Corporations (SWCs). While the ability accessible with FCI is used mainly for storage of
food grains, but CWC and SWCs is used for storage of food grains and also other notified commodities.
The Warehousing (Development and Regulation) Act 2007 was enacted and notified in September 2007.
The Act ensures that the farmers are able to keep their goods in certified warehouses and use warehouses
receipt as a negotiable instrument. With the full execution of this Act, farmers would find it easy to take
loans from commercial banks against negotiable warehouse receipts and not resort to distress sales to take
care of their urgent cash needs. The Act has since been given effect to in September, 2010. A regulatory
Authority namely Warehousing Development & Regulatory Authority (WDRA) has been set up on
26.10.2010 under the Act to register and regulate warehouses issuing negotiable warehouse receipts and to
implement other Provision of the Act.
4. Food Procurement Policy
The stockpile of food grains available with the government agencies as on 1 July 2002 was 63.01 million
tonnes (mt) — (21.94 mt of rice and 41.07 mt of wheat). This was well above the prescribed buffer stock
norms. While the changing demand patterns is one reason for the buildup of surplus food grains, another
factor is the propensity of consecutive governments to fix minimum support prices (MSP) for paddy and
wheat in excess of the levels prescribed by the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP).
While this has given the farmers an incentive to produce more but it has raised the market prices and
reduced the demand for cereals. Studies conducted at the National New Delhi, show that fixing of
procurement prices at various levels , higher than the CACP’s recommendations has led to the procurement
of an additional quantity of 12.8 mt of wheat and 3.4 mt of rice (George 2010). These points to the need to
strictly adhere to the recommendations of the CACP. A realistic MSP will help in promoting the
diversification of cropping patterns. The system of MSP served the country well in the past three and a half
decades but has started encountering certain problems in recent years. This is because the agricultural
production scenario has undergone significant changes over the past four years.
Many states, including formerly deficit states like Bihar, Assam and Uttar Pradesh, have reported surpluses
of several agricultural commodities, especially cereals and this trend is likely to continue in the coming
years as well. The average production of food grains, which was 187 mt during the Eighth Five Year Plan,
is expected to have increased to 205 mt in the Ninth Five Year Plan (Revallion 2009). Thus, the increase in
average total food production is in excess of the total food grains requirements of around 196 mt at the end
of the Ninth Plan as worked out on the basis of normative approach.. The food grains has to be procure at
the Minimum Support Price (MSP) fixed by the Government. The MSP for Common and Grade 'A' paddy
was fixed at Rs 1000/- and Rs 1030/- per quintal respectively for the 2010-11 Kharif Marketing Season
(October, 2010- September, 2011). The MSP of wheat was fixed at Rs1100/- per quintal for the Rabi
Marketing Season 2010-11. The comparative MSP of wheat and paddy since 2004-2005 to 2010-2011
(marketing seasons) is given in table no. 2..
5. Transportation and Storage
Transportation and storage from procurement centre to the regional depots is the responsibility of FCI.
Transportation is generally arranged through private contractors. Lifting of grains from the regional depots
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to the issue centre is mainly the responsibility of the Civil Supplies Corporation of the state government.
From the issue centre to FPSs it is the responsibility of FPSs , except in state of Andhra Pradesh where the
state government provides transportations . Proper storage of such large stocks is an important aspect of
Public Distribution System (PDS). The main goal is to keep the cost down and to prevent deterioration in
stocks. Various agencies are engaged in this process. But there is chances of corruption during the
transportation as a case came into existence in Ambala district of Haryana state .A truck having 200 KT.
wheat as a part of Antyodaya Anna Yojna scheme under PDS was taking it in the open market to be sold
was captured by the police. Hence there is possibility of corruption in PDS, if the transportation system is
hired from private agencies.
6. Problems
The problems of Public Distribution System have not been uniform in the country. In some states the
administration is weak and corrupt. In these states deficiencies regarding huge shortage of stocks, fake
supply entries in ration cards, diversion of commodities for sale to open market and bogus ration cards are
noted. PDS suffers from irregular and poor quality of food grain made available through Fair Price Shops
(FPS). The position in rural areas in this respect is much worse than urban areas .The PDS in rural areas has
not been given much attention. Most of the FPSs are economically non-viable, which is the main reason for
the low rate of commission. The storage facilities in India are not sufficient to cope with the problems.
There is also a possibility of corruption at local level. The procurement system in India is not uniform. The
distribution system of essential commodities is so meager that it can hardly suffice the need of a family.
And even for this the consumers have to make repeated visits to the ration shops in their respective areas.
Most of the times they come back empty handed with assurance that ration would be made available to
them in the next week.
7. Policy and Procedural Suggestions
The following reforms may help in improving the situation confronted with PDS in India and ease of use
for the poor:
• Presently, the BPL cardholder is identified by the local bureaucracy with the help of Gram
Panchyat and there is no involvement of Gram Sabha in this process. There is no clear policy for
the identification of BPL families and sometimes fake BPL cards are made by the bureaucrats by
involving the Sarpanches/ Panches .The bureaucrats should involve the GS in the selection of
BPL card and the list of the BPL families should be passed in the meetings of the GS.
• The PDS is not equipped with the proper storage and transportation facilities. There are various
private agencies engaged in the process of transportation. Besides, the FCI and SFCs do not have
proper storage facilities. The government should provide transportation to depot holder for taking
ration from the district/ regional stores to the FPSs so that there can be check on the corrupt
practices while transportation. The state government should construct more storage godowns with
the involvement of local bodies.
• It has been found in many states that ration cards are being mortgaged to ration shop owners and
the beneficiaries are not aware about their rights. It is suggested that there should clear cut policy
regarding ration cards. All card holders must be motivated and should be made aware about their
rights. A penalty should be imposed on such owners who are involved in such activities.
• In most of the states the FPSs are equipped with wheat and rice items only. There is non
availability of other essential products on FPSs. It is suggested that the dealers should be
encouraged to make their shop a multi-product shop so that the customers can be satisfied under a
single roof.
8. Conclusion
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To sum up, technical and policy reforms should be sure. Banking and Information Technologies should
permit governments to bring transparency and pace in all applications without extra expenses. In addition,
computerization can help in modernizing the PDS. A number of states are already innovating in PDS
execution, and improved performance can be seen in some cases. Although the introduction of modern
tools such as smart cards may not be a panacea for all the evils, it can solve many of the problems
particularly that of pilferage and spurious beneficiaries. They are like low hanging fruits which can be
picked up easily.
References
Bandyopadhyay (1997), “Food Security and Liberalization”, New Age 45(1), 8.
Choudhry, R.C. & Rajakutty (1998), “Five Years of Rural Development in India: Retrospect and Prospect”,
NIRD Hyderabad, 28.
Dantwala, M.L. (1993), “Agricultural Policy: Prices and Public Distribution System: A Review”, Indian
Journal of Agricultural Economics 48(2), 173.
Div, S. Mahendra (1996), “Food security: PDS Vs. EGS – A tale of two States”, Economic and Political
Weekly 31(27), 1752.
Geetha, S. & Suryanarayana, H. (1993), “Revamping PDS: Some Issues and Implications”, Economic and
Political Weekly 28(41), 2207.
George, P. S. (2010), “Public Distribution System, Food Subsidy and Production Incentives”, Economic
and Political Weekly 34(49), 140..
Howes, Stephen & Jha, Shikha (1992), “Urban Bias in Indian Public Distribution-System”, Economic &
Political Weekly 27(19), 1022-30.
Jena, A.C. (1996), “Public Distribution System and Involvement of Panchayat Raj Institutions”,
Kurukshetra 45(1&2), 114.
Ravallion, M. (2009), “How Relevant is targeting to the success of an Antipoverty Program”, The World
Bank Research Observer 24(2), 205-231.
Singh, Himanshu & Abhijit, Sen (2011), “Why Not a Universal Food Security Legislation”, Economic &
Political Weekly 46(12), 16.
Sud, Surinder (2011), “PDS Subsidy increase at a higher rate for APL category”, Business Standard, 6.
About Author
DR. BRIJ PAL (RO’02-APS’04-AP’08). The author became Research Officer (RO) in 2002 at the
Institute of Integrated Himalyan Studies (University Grants Commission Center of Excellence) Himachal
Pradesh University, Shimla, India, Additional Private Secretary to Minister of Law & Justice, Government
of India in 2004 and Assistant Professor & Head Department of Public Administration in 2008 at S. A. Jain
College, Ambala City, Haryana, India. The author obtained his Post Graduate and Doctor of Philosophy
Degree in Public Administration and awarded University Research Fellowship from Kurukshetra
University, Kurukshetra, Haryana , India. Besieds, he got LLB Degree from Chaudhary Charan Singh
University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India. The major fields of studies are Rural Development, Indian
Administration and Contemporary Social Problems.
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Table-1 Storage Capacity with FCI
Figures in Million Tonnes
Capacity 1st Apr. 1st Apr. 1st Apr. 1st Apr. 1st Apr. 1st Apr. 1st Apr. 1st Apr.
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Covered
Owned 12.82 12.91 12.93 12.94 12.95 12.97 12.97 12.99
Hired 10.85 10.46 09.90 09.34 08.71 10.12 12.89 15.46
Total 23.67 23.37 22.83 22.28 21.66 23.09 25.86 28.45
CAP ( Cover and Plinth)
Owned 2.21 2.25 2.21 2.29 2.20 2.17 2.51 2.62
Hired 1.36 0.41 0.51 0.63 0.03 0.02 0.47 0.54
Total 3.57 2.66 2.72 2.92 2.23 2.19 2.98 3.16
Grand 27.24 27.03 25.55 25.20 23.89 25.28 28.84 31.61
Total
Table-2 Wheat Procurement for Central Pool for Last Ten Years
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