This study examined the elimination and half-life of cadmium in the kidney using biological samples from 109 living kidney donors. The researchers found a nonlinear relationship between cadmium levels in the kidney and cadmium excreted in urine over 24 hours, with slower elimination of cadmium at high kidney levels. The estimated biological half-life of cadmium in the kidney ranged from 18 to 44 years depending on the model. Urinary albumin levels were also found to influence urinary cadmium concentrations. The study provides new insights into the relationship between cadmium accumulation in the kidney and urinary cadmium excretion over time.
This symposium provides an overview of the (r)evolution in intensive care medicine. The programme is based on lectures of 20 minutes where each speaker presents in two 10 minute talks (in der Beschränkung zeigt sich erst der Meister) the good things that happened in the last 40 years in critical care vs our mistakes or what is missing with respect to that topic. At the end of the session the speakers participate in an interactive round table discussion with online voting to get the audience involved. Will be discussed: Theoretical concepts, basic physiology and pathophysiology, monitoring, and future directions.
A neglected topic for way too long, the interest in fluid therapy seems to be quickly rising as the medical community is making a shift from looking at fluids as a mere method of stabilization towards the appreciation of its relevant side effects.
Many questions remain to be answered indeed:
Is the upgrade from saline 0.9% to balanced crystalloids worth the extra cost?
Does HES still have a place in the OR?
Do we have to fill the gap left by HES on ICU with crystalloids, other colloids or even albumin?
Is it really impossible to avoid fluid overload by using only crystalloids?
Is there still a definitive place for human albumin?
How do we treat and monitor specific patient populations, like patients with trauma, liver failure, brain edema and right heart failure among others?
How do we avoid a one-size-fits-all regimen in perioperative goal-directed therapy?
What with the fluids beyond resuscitation?
And what do the authors of the big fluid trials do in real life themselves?
The 9th International Fluid Academy Day will again be a 1 day concise meeting on all aspects of fluid managament and hemodynamic monitoring in the critically ill.
Date: October 26th 2019, 8:00 - 18:00
Cheyns is een elektrotechnische groothandel die haar 500.000 producten aan haar duizenden professionele klanten aanbiedt via een Natch e-commerce webshop.
This symposium provides an overview of the (r)evolution in intensive care medicine. The programme is based on lectures of 20 minutes where each speaker presents in two 10 minute talks (in der Beschränkung zeigt sich erst der Meister) the good things that happened in the last 40 years in critical care vs our mistakes or what is missing with respect to that topic. At the end of the session the speakers participate in an interactive round table discussion with online voting to get the audience involved. Will be discussed: Theoretical concepts, basic physiology and pathophysiology, monitoring, and future directions.
A neglected topic for way too long, the interest in fluid therapy seems to be quickly rising as the medical community is making a shift from looking at fluids as a mere method of stabilization towards the appreciation of its relevant side effects.
Many questions remain to be answered indeed:
Is the upgrade from saline 0.9% to balanced crystalloids worth the extra cost?
Does HES still have a place in the OR?
Do we have to fill the gap left by HES on ICU with crystalloids, other colloids or even albumin?
Is it really impossible to avoid fluid overload by using only crystalloids?
Is there still a definitive place for human albumin?
How do we treat and monitor specific patient populations, like patients with trauma, liver failure, brain edema and right heart failure among others?
How do we avoid a one-size-fits-all regimen in perioperative goal-directed therapy?
What with the fluids beyond resuscitation?
And what do the authors of the big fluid trials do in real life themselves?
The 9th International Fluid Academy Day will again be a 1 day concise meeting on all aspects of fluid managament and hemodynamic monitoring in the critically ill.
Date: October 26th 2019, 8:00 - 18:00
Cheyns is een elektrotechnische groothandel die haar 500.000 producten aan haar duizenden professionele klanten aanbiedt via een Natch e-commerce webshop.
Programma Master Opleiding Category ManagementVELS.NL
Met deze opleiding brengt u uw strategisch en tactisch inzicht in de retail naar een hoger niveau. Leer werken met standaard modellen om de categorie optimaal te beheren en te laten groeien. Met als doel de shopper van de winkelformule centraal te zetten waardoor waarde toegevoegd kan worden. Hierdoor kan het rendement van retailer en leverancier verbeterd worden.
Revenge of the Nerds!
Wil jij begrijpelijke en aantrekkelijke presentaties geven met het gewenste effect? Volg dan de volgende 7 stappen en ontpop jezelf tot een legendarische presentatienerd!
Developing an Ariba Network Growth/Supplier Enablement Strategy to Achieve Yo...SAP Ariba
Without a defined network growth strategy and relevant tracking metrics, your efforts to move off paper and automate the management of orders and processing of invoices will not gain much momentum.
In this session, you will hear experts discuss how you can develop and implement a strategy that will effectively engage suppliers for e-commerce over the Ariba Network and ensure broad internal and external support for your e-invoicing or procure-to-pay initiative.
Presentatie van de rondetafelbijeenkomst over ketenintegratie. Sprekers: Agrifac, Kramp en TradeCloud. Onderwerpen: B2B Integratie, B2B Portals, Supply chain integratie
Het Lovebrand Model helpt u klanten en medewerkers te vinden en te binden. Het Lovebrand Model creëert ware liefde voor uw merk en vergroot uw reputatie.
CDISC journey in Leukemia studies using IWCLL 2008Kevin Lee
The presentation is intended for those who are working on the oncology leukemia clinical trial studies. There are four types of leukemia studies : Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia(ALL), Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL),Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML). The presentation is based on CLL.
The presentation will provide the brief introduction of International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (IWCLL) 2008 such as tumors measurement (enlarged lymph node), bone marrow assessment, liver and spleen enlargement assessment and blood counts (B-Lymphocytes, Neutrophils, Platelets, Hemoglobin) . The presentation will explains how each assessment based on IWCLL 2008 is made to determine responses (Complete Response, Partial Response, Stable Disease and Progression Disease).
Then, the presentation will show how tumor data are streamlined in CDISC – mainly in SDTM and ADaM. The paper will introduce the new oncology SDTM domains - TU (Tumor Identification), TR (Tumor Results) and RS (Response) and oncology ADaM dataset – Time to Event (--TTE). The presentation will show how IWCLL 2008 data points are collected in SDTM domain - tumor measurements in TR and TU, bone marrow in LB and FA, spleen and liver assessments in PE and FA, blood counts in LB and responses in RS. The presentation will also show how overall response rate will be derived in ADaM data set.
Programma Master Opleiding Category ManagementVELS.NL
Met deze opleiding brengt u uw strategisch en tactisch inzicht in de retail naar een hoger niveau. Leer werken met standaard modellen om de categorie optimaal te beheren en te laten groeien. Met als doel de shopper van de winkelformule centraal te zetten waardoor waarde toegevoegd kan worden. Hierdoor kan het rendement van retailer en leverancier verbeterd worden.
Revenge of the Nerds!
Wil jij begrijpelijke en aantrekkelijke presentaties geven met het gewenste effect? Volg dan de volgende 7 stappen en ontpop jezelf tot een legendarische presentatienerd!
Developing an Ariba Network Growth/Supplier Enablement Strategy to Achieve Yo...SAP Ariba
Without a defined network growth strategy and relevant tracking metrics, your efforts to move off paper and automate the management of orders and processing of invoices will not gain much momentum.
In this session, you will hear experts discuss how you can develop and implement a strategy that will effectively engage suppliers for e-commerce over the Ariba Network and ensure broad internal and external support for your e-invoicing or procure-to-pay initiative.
Presentatie van de rondetafelbijeenkomst over ketenintegratie. Sprekers: Agrifac, Kramp en TradeCloud. Onderwerpen: B2B Integratie, B2B Portals, Supply chain integratie
Het Lovebrand Model helpt u klanten en medewerkers te vinden en te binden. Het Lovebrand Model creëert ware liefde voor uw merk en vergroot uw reputatie.
CDISC journey in Leukemia studies using IWCLL 2008Kevin Lee
The presentation is intended for those who are working on the oncology leukemia clinical trial studies. There are four types of leukemia studies : Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia(ALL), Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL),Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML). The presentation is based on CLL.
The presentation will provide the brief introduction of International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (IWCLL) 2008 such as tumors measurement (enlarged lymph node), bone marrow assessment, liver and spleen enlargement assessment and blood counts (B-Lymphocytes, Neutrophils, Platelets, Hemoglobin) . The presentation will explains how each assessment based on IWCLL 2008 is made to determine responses (Complete Response, Partial Response, Stable Disease and Progression Disease).
Then, the presentation will show how tumor data are streamlined in CDISC – mainly in SDTM and ADaM. The paper will introduce the new oncology SDTM domains - TU (Tumor Identification), TR (Tumor Results) and RS (Response) and oncology ADaM dataset – Time to Event (--TTE). The presentation will show how IWCLL 2008 data points are collected in SDTM domain - tumor measurements in TR and TU, bone marrow in LB and FA, spleen and liver assessments in PE and FA, blood counts in LB and responses in RS. The presentation will also show how overall response rate will be derived in ADaM data set.
Learning Objectives:
Describe the consequences of hyper- and hypovolemia for surgical and critically ill patients.
Develop a fluid management strategy for individual patients
A concise note for undergraduate students to learn the use of isotopes in research, analytical and treatment purpose in modern medicine. It also contains the basic of radioactivity and the health hazards associated with it.
Each therapeutic area has its own unique data collection and analysis. Especially, Oncology has a unique way to collect and analyze the data. Response criteria of oncology studies dictate what to collect and analyze data. Three oncology studies follow the different guidelines standards. The Solid Tumor studies usually follow RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor), Lymphoma studies usually follow Cheson and Leukemia studies follow study specific guidelines (IWCLL for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, IWAML for Acute Myeloid Leukemia, NCCN Guidelines for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and ESMO clinical practice guides for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia).
CDISC also introduced data collection, analysis and coding standards. Oncology data are collected and stored as SDTM domains - TU (Tumor Identification), TR (Tumor Results) and RS (Response). CDISC also introduces oncology terminology. For example, tumor responses are CR (Complete Response), Partial Response (PR), Stable Disease (SD), Progression Disease (PD) and Not Evaluable (NE). Oncology studies also have different efficacy end-points. CDISC introduces oncology specific ADaM data set – Time to Event (--TTE) data set for OS (Overall Survival) and PFS (Progression Free Survival).
Using response criteria and CDISC standards, oncology-specific standards will be define and integrated from protocol to analysis. These standards will also derive the automated oncology artifiact developments.
An introduction to the use of ICP-MS in the clinical setting, that goes on to describe some potential new application areas for advanced instrumentation such as HPLC-ICP-MS, laser ablation-ICP-MS and immuno-tagging-ICP-MS for the measurement of biomolecules.
cystatin C as an early marker of cisplatin-induced AKIد.محمود نجيب
discussion presentation for master degree in Nephrology with the title of Cystatin C as an early predictor of acute kidney injury induced by cisplatin and its analogues
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
1. Elimination and half-time of cadmium
in kidney
Magnus Akerstrom1, Thomas Lundh2, Lars Barregard1, Gerd Sallsten1
1Occupational
and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg
2Occupational
and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
2. Background
•
The general population is exposed to cadmium (Cd) from diet and
smoking, approximately 50% of the total Cd body burden is
accumulated in the kidney
•
Evidence of tubular damage and bone effects at low levels of Cd
exposure in the general population
•
U-Cd is widely used as measure for long-term
Cd exposure or body burden
•
No previous study of the relationships between Cd in kidney, blood
and urine for living subjects with valid analytical methods
3. 1. Study design
•109 living kidney donors
•Questionnaire
(work history, diet, smoking…)
•Biological samples
• 24h urine (UCd/24h)
• Overnight urine (UON)
• Blood
• Kidney cortex biopsy
•Samples analyzed for:
• U-Cd / B-Cd / K-Cd (ICP-MS)
All
Men
Women
Subjects
109
49
60
Age: median
(range)
51
(24-70)
52
(32-70)
50
(24-64)
Never smokers
41
19
22
13
(0.4-51)
12
(0.4-51)
13
(2-36)
Pack-years:
median
(range)
Overnight
U-Cd (µg/gC):
Mean
(Range)
0.29
0.23
0.34
(0.04-1.1) (0.04-0.80) (0.08-1.1)
5. Relationship between Cd in kidney and urine
k = calculated elimination constant
1.2
Cd in urine per 24h (μg)
Regression line with intercept
1.0
U-Cd/24h=0.07+0.000062×K-Cdtot
0.8
The fraction of K-Cdtot
0.6
excreted in urine per 24h
0.4
was 0.006%
0.2
0.0
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000 12000 14000
Cd in kidney (μg)
Akerstrom et al. 2013 TAAP
6. A nonlinear relationship between Cd in kidney
and urine
Cd in urine per 24h (μg)
1.4
Regression line all data
Regression line K-Cdconc < 15 μg/g
Regression line K-Cdconc >=15 μg/g
1.2
U-Cd/24h=0.000071×K-Cdtot
1.0
0.8
p<0.001 for
difference
0.6
0.4
0.2
U-Cd/24h=0.00011×K-Cdtot
0.0
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000 12000 14000
Cd in kidney (μg)
Akerstrom et al. 2013 TAAP
7. A nonlinear relationship between Cd in kidney
and urine
U-Cd/24h=0.11×10-3×K-Cdtot – 5.8×10-9 × K-Cdtot2
Cd in urine per 24h (μg)
1.2
Regression line all data
1.0
T1/2=28.5
T1/2=43.5
0.8
T1/2= 21.2
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000 12000 14000
Cd in kidney (μg)
Akerstrom et al. 2013 TAAP
8. Biological half-time of Cd in kidney
T1/2 = ln(2) / k
• Linear model with intercept
•
T1/2=30.4 years (95% CI; 24.3-40.5)
• Linear model without intercept
•
T1/2=21.0 years (95% CI; 18.9-23.6)
• Linear model without intercept
•
K-Cdconc<15 µg/g : T1/2=17.9 years (95% CI; 15.7-20.8)
•
K-Cdconc≥15 µg/g: T1/2=26.7 years (95% CI; 23.4-31.1)
• In a nonlinear model, half-time is 21 – 44 years depending
on the amount of Cd in the kidney
Akerstrom et al. 2013 TAAP
9. Albumin in urine was also a determinant for U-Cd/24h
Akerstrom et al TAAP 2013
10. Overnight urinary cadmium concentration
adjusted for creatinine (μg/gC)
Relationship between Cd in kidney and urine
1.2
UON-CdCrea = 0.071 + 0.014 x K-Cdconc
2
R = 0.44
1.0
0.8
U-Cd/K-Cd ratio
• Previous: about 1:20
0.6
0.4
• This study: about 1:60
0.2
0.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
1.2
UON-CdSG = 0.11 + 0.010 x K-Cdconc
R2 = 0.28
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Kidney cortex cadmium concentration (μg/g)
Blood cadmium concentration (μg/L)
Overnight urinary cadmium concentration
adjusted for specific gravity (μg/L
Kidney cortex cadmium concentration (μg/g)
3.5
B-Cd = 0.16 + 0.023 x K-Cdconc
R2 = 0.19
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Kidney cortex cadmium concentration (μg/g)
11. Conclusions
• A strong but nonlinear relationship between U-Cd and KCd with slower elimination of Cd at high kidney Cd
• Previous U-Cd/K-Cd ratio may underestimate K-Cd at low
U-Cd
• The half-time for Cd in the kidney is
18 – 44 years, depending on model used
