11 the race to the south pole
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In the early 20th century, Robert Falcon Scott from England and Roald Amundsen from Norway were competing to be the first person to reach the South Pole. While Scott's goal was scientific research, Amundsen wanted to be the first to reach the pole. Amundsen arrived first in 1911, leaving supplies at the pole. When Scott arrived weeks later, he found Amundsen's camp. On the return trip, Scott and his entire team perished in terrible conditions. Though later analysis showed Amundsen was better prepared, both men displayed great bravery in their historic Antarctic expeditions.
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Amundsen
This document summarizes the dramatic race between Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen and British explorer Robert Falcon Scott to be the first to reach the South Pole in 1911. Amundsen's team arrived at the South Pole on December 14th, 1911, having traveled lighter and faster with experienced polar explorers and using sled dogs. Scott's less experienced team struggled with cold weather gear, equipment issues, and losing their horses. Scott's team arrived to find the Norwegian flag already planted and was forced to return without victory, with Scott and two others dying on their return journey in March 1912.
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The document provides biographical information about Sir Ernest Shackleton, a famous Antarctic explorer. It summarizes his early life and upbringing in Ireland. It then outlines the major expeditions he led to Antarctica between 1901-1922, including surviving after his ship Endurance was crushed by ice in 1915. It also describes some of his key character traits like being caring, inquisitive, and principled. A timeline highlights major events in his life and expeditions.
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Robert falcon scott
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Ernest Shackleton was an Irish explorer born in 1874 who led the Endurance expedition to cross Antarctica but the ship sank before completing half the journey. Shackleton rescued his crew by leaving some behind and returning weeks later, saving all of his men. He died of a heart attack in 1922 off South Georgia Island where he was later buried.
Robert falcon scott history
Robert Falcon Scott was a British explorer who led two expeditions to Antarctica. On his second expedition, Scott raced to be the first person to reach the South Pole but was beaten by Roald Amundsen. Scott and his four companions perished on their return journey from the South Pole, due to extreme cold, hunger, and fatigue. Scott has since become renowned for his bravery and leadership despite his tragic death.
Ernest shackleton
Ernest Shackleton led an expedition to cross Antarctica by foot via the South Pole in 1914. After setting sail from South Georgia Island in December 1914, his ship Endurance became trapped in ice in January 1915. The ship was eventually crushed by ice in October 1915, forcing Shackleton and his 27 crew members to camp on the ice. They launched lifeboats and reached Elephant Island in April 1916, where most of the crew remained while Shackleton and 5 others sailed to South Georgia for rescue. After a harrowing open boat journey, they arrived on South Georgia in May 1916. Shackleton then climbed over the island's mountains to reach a whaling station and organize a rescue, saving all crew members without any loss of life.
Endurance
1) Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition set sail in 1915 with the goal of crossing Antarctica, but their ship Endurance became trapped in ice in the Weddell Sea.
2) After drifting for months, Endurance was crushed by ice in October 1915, forcing the crew to camp on ice floes until the ice broke up in 1916.
3) Shackleton then led a group of men on a harrowing open boat journey across the treacherous Drake Passage to the whaling station on South Georgia Island to fetch help for the others left stranded on Elephant Island.
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Robert falcon scott
Robert Falcon Scott (1868-1912) was a British explorer who led two expeditions to Antarctica. In 1901-1904, he travelled 450 miles south but had to turn back due to illness. His second expedition from 1910-1913 aimed to be the first to reach the South Pole, but Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen beat him there. On the return journey, Scott and his team suffered blizzard conditions and died from starvation and exposure in their tent on March 29, 1912, just 11 miles from their next food depot.
Ernest Shackleton
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Robert falcon scott history
Robert Falcon Scott was a British explorer who led two expeditions to Antarctica. On his second expedition, Scott raced to be the first person to reach the South Pole but was beaten by Roald Amundsen. Scott and his four companions perished on their return journey from the South Pole, due to extreme cold, hunger, and fatigue. Scott has since become renowned for his bravery and leadership despite his tragic death.
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Ernest Shackleton led an expedition to cross Antarctica by foot via the South Pole in 1914. After setting sail from South Georgia Island in December 1914, his ship Endurance became trapped in ice in January 1915. The ship was eventually crushed by ice in October 1915, forcing Shackleton and his 27 crew members to camp on the ice. They launched lifeboats and reached Elephant Island in April 1916, where most of the crew remained while Shackleton and 5 others sailed to South Georgia for rescue. After a harrowing open boat journey, they arrived on South Georgia in May 1916. Shackleton then climbed over the island's mountains to reach a whaling station and organize a rescue, saving all crew members without any loss of life.
Endurance
1) Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition set sail in 1915 with the goal of crossing Antarctica, but their ship Endurance became trapped in ice in the Weddell Sea.
2) After drifting for months, Endurance was crushed by ice in October 1915, forcing the crew to camp on ice floes until the ice broke up in 1916.
3) Shackleton then led a group of men on a harrowing open boat journey across the treacherous Drake Passage to the whaling station on South Georgia Island to fetch help for the others left stranded on Elephant Island.
Roald amundsen
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The document discusses three events related to racing to the South Pole: the first race between Roald Amundsen and Robert Scott nearly 100 years ago, with Amundsen arriving first in December 1911; the 2009 Omega 3 South Pole Race that was billed as the first race reenacting Amundsen and Scott's journey, with racers facing challenges of extreme cold, navigation, and teamwork; the route taken by winner Roald Amundsen in the original race, who traveled by boat and reached the South Pole five weeks before Scott's team, returning safely.
Tom crean
Tom Crean was born in 1877 in Ireland and left school at age 12 to work on his family's farm. At age 15, he ran away and joined the Royal Navy, where he spent the next eight years traveling the world. In 1901, he volunteered to join Captain Robert Falcon Scott's expedition to Antarctica, where he proved his strength and resilience. Crean went on to participate in two more Antarctic expeditions, displaying great heroism by making a solo trek to save his companions and later searching for Scott and his team after they perished reaching the South Pole.
Ernest shackleton
Ernest Shackleton was a famous British Antarctic explorer born in 1874 in Ireland. He led an expedition from 1908 to 1909 where he and his team came within 180 km of the South Pole, reaching a new farthest south latitude of 88°23'S. As a youth, Shackleton left school at age 16 to go to sea, securing a position on the sailing ship Hoghton Tower due to his father's connections. He died in 1922 at the age of 47.
Making inferences
1) In ancient times, Greeks believed that the Earth needed to be balanced and there must be land in the Southern Hemisphere to counterbalance the Northern Hemisphere.
2) During the Age of Exploration, many sailors tried to find the southern landmass but icebergs and sea ice prevented them from discovering Antarctica.
3) In the early 1800s, sealers and whalers who were hunting for seals and whales in the Southern Ocean began finding and killing thousands of fur seals, elephant seals, and southern right whales for their oil, skins, and meat.
South Pole.pdf
The document provides information about various south poles:
- The Geographic South Pole is the southernmost point on Earth where the southern axis meets the surface in Antarctica.
- The Geomagnetic South Pole is located near the Geographic North Pole due to the Earth's offset magnetic field.
- The Magnetic South Pole moves over time as the Earth's molten core shifts and is currently estimated to be in East Antarctica.
- Other south poles discussed include the Ceremonial South Pole marker at the research station and the Southern Pole of Inaccessibility, the farthest point from the Southern Ocean.
Chapter 3 new bookppt
Alfred Wegener first proposed the theory of continental drift in 1915, hypothesizing that around 200 million years ago, all the Earth's land masses were joined together in a single supercontinent called Pangaea. Pangaea began to break apart in the late Triassic period, separating into the supercontinents of Laurasia and Gondwanaland. By the end of the Cretaceous period, the continents had separated into their modern positions.
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11 the race to the south pole
- 1. The Race to the South Pole Since the dawn of time, humans have wanted to see what’s over the next rise, and what lay beyond the sea. Courageous explorers would travel to new areas and return with wondrous tales of the things they saw. wondrous = amazing, wonderful In the early twentieth century, two intrepid explorers were vying to be the first person to set foot on the South Pole. They were Robert Falcon Scott from England and Roald Amundsen from Norway. Each man had different routes planned for reaching the South Pole, and different reasons for wanting to be the first. intrepid = very courageous, without fear vying = trying hard to win or be superior Scott and his team set out for Antarctica on June fifteenth, 1910. Their goal was to continue the scientific research they had done on a previous expedition. Scott’s team set up a base camp and made several short journeys aiming to chart the geography of the continent. They also collected eggs from emperor penguins. As for Amundsen, he once aspired to be the first person to reach the North Pole – but that honor went to other explorers. When Amundsen departed
- 2. for the South Pole in September 1910, he sent a telegram letting Scott know that he was going to try to reach the location first. At that point, Scott’s scientific expedition became a race to make history. He and four other members of his team decided to push forward towards the pole. aspired = hoped and dreamed to do something in the future Scott and his team reached the South Pole on January 17, 1912 – but they were greeted by a tent with some supplies left by Amundsen. The Norwegian group had beaten them to the pole by about five weeks and had placed flags there to mark their presence. Defeated and depressed, Scott’s team had to turn around and start marching back to their base. Sadly, none of them survived. There were terrible snowstorms and temperatures far below zero, and the entire team perished on the return trip. Their frozen bodies were found by a search party ten months later. perished = died Amundsen received congratulations from the President of the United States and the King of England for his historic feat, but the achievement was tarnished because of Scott’s tragic end. People thought that Amundsen had forced the race to happen and stolen the glory from Scott,
- 3. who would have been the first to reach the South Pole if not for Amundsen’s ambitions. tarnished = become less enjoyable or less admirable Later analysis showed that Amundsen’s team was better prepared and better equipped than Scott’s. However, the bravery of both men is undeniable. The current scientific base located at the South Pole is named the Amundsen-Scott South Pole station, to honor the memories of these two Antarctic pioneers. undeniable = impossible to deny; definitely true