The document provides an overview of the complex history of attempts to find the Northwest Passage by various explorers between the 16th and 19th centuries. It summarizes expeditions led by Martin Frobisher, William Baffin, John Ross, Edward Parry, Thomas Simpson, and Francis McClintock. It then focuses on the ill-fated expedition of Sir John Franklin in 1845 aboard HMS Erebus and HMS Terror, describing their disappearance and McClintock's 1859 discovery of clues to their fate, including abandoned materials and human remains.
The Search for the Northwest Passage, Canadian Arcticdstongeoc
This document provides an overview of the complex history surrounding attempts to find the Northwest Passage by European explorers between the 16th and 19th centuries. It summarizes key expeditions led by figures like Martin Frobisher, William Baffin, John Franklin, and Francis McClintock. It also describes the tragic fate of Sir John Franklin's 1845 expedition aboard HMS Erebus and Terror, which became trapped in ice northwest of King William Island, resulting in the death of all 129 crew.
Captain James Cook was a British explorer famous for his three voyages to the Pacific Ocean between 1768 and 1779. He commanded HMS Endeavour on his first voyage where he achieved the first recorded European contact with eastern Australia and Hawaii. On his second voyage aboard HMS Resolution, Cook continued exploring the Pacific, proving that New Zealand was not attached to a larger southern landmass. Tragically, during his third voyage in a bid to kidnap the ruler of Hawaii to recover a stolen boat, Cook was killed in a confrontation with Hawaiians in 1779.
This document discusses women who went to sea disguised as men throughout history. It provides background on how ships traditionally only allowed male crew members. Some reasons women went to sea as men include joining lovers in the navy, economic opportunities, and escaping problems at home. Notable women who disguised as men include Hannah Snell and Mary Anne Talbot. The document also describes the famous pirate duo of Mary Read and Anne Bonny. It notes how striking it was that some women were able to maintain their disguises for weeks, months or years given the physical demands of life at sea. In closing, the document suggests these women set a strong example and endured significant hardships.
(1) Olaudah Equiano was kidnapped from Africa as a child and endured the horrors of the Middle Passage and slavery, yet he taught himself to read and write English. (2) After gaining his freedom, he became a prominent abolitionist leader in England, publishing an influential narrative about his life experience. (3) Equiano's narrative was a powerful tool for the abolition movement as it evoked compassion and persuaded readers of the immorality of the slave trade through Equiano's first-
1. Olaudah Equiano was born around 1745 in what is now southeastern Nigeria and was kidnapped as a child and sold into slavery.
2. He was sold and transported across the Atlantic, experiencing the horrors of the Middle Passage. He eventually purchased his freedom after years of enslavement.
3. Equiano wrote an influential autobiography in 1794 about his experiences, which helped advance the abolitionist movement in Britain, America, and elsewhere. Though he did not live to see it, his work contributed to the eventual end of slavery.
Matthew Flinders was a British navigator and cartographer who explored and mapped much of the Australian coastline. He made three voyages to Australia between 1791-1810, commanding HMS Investigator from 1801-1803 where he circumnavigated and charted the coast. Flinders was the first to circumnavigate Australia and recognized it as a continent, separate from New Guinea and New Zealand. He proposed the name "Australia" for the territory. Flinders was imprisoned on Mauritius for almost 8 years due to the Napoleonic Wars before returning to England, where he worked to publish his voyages and charts before his early death at age 40.
Our grandfather - Captain Harrison DouglasJohn Douglas
A presentation on the life of sailing ship owner and sea captain, Harrison Douglas (1857-1919). the presentation covers sailing in the Pacific and Tasman during the 1880's - 1915. Born in Whitehaven in the north-west of England, he based himself at Devonport in Auckland, New Zealand and sailed from there for over 35 years.
The Search for the Northwest Passage, Canadian Arcticdstongeoc
This document provides an overview of the complex history surrounding attempts to find the Northwest Passage by European explorers between the 16th and 19th centuries. It summarizes key expeditions led by figures like Martin Frobisher, William Baffin, John Franklin, and Francis McClintock. It also describes the tragic fate of Sir John Franklin's 1845 expedition aboard HMS Erebus and Terror, which became trapped in ice northwest of King William Island, resulting in the death of all 129 crew.
Captain James Cook was a British explorer famous for his three voyages to the Pacific Ocean between 1768 and 1779. He commanded HMS Endeavour on his first voyage where he achieved the first recorded European contact with eastern Australia and Hawaii. On his second voyage aboard HMS Resolution, Cook continued exploring the Pacific, proving that New Zealand was not attached to a larger southern landmass. Tragically, during his third voyage in a bid to kidnap the ruler of Hawaii to recover a stolen boat, Cook was killed in a confrontation with Hawaiians in 1779.
This document discusses women who went to sea disguised as men throughout history. It provides background on how ships traditionally only allowed male crew members. Some reasons women went to sea as men include joining lovers in the navy, economic opportunities, and escaping problems at home. Notable women who disguised as men include Hannah Snell and Mary Anne Talbot. The document also describes the famous pirate duo of Mary Read and Anne Bonny. It notes how striking it was that some women were able to maintain their disguises for weeks, months or years given the physical demands of life at sea. In closing, the document suggests these women set a strong example and endured significant hardships.
(1) Olaudah Equiano was kidnapped from Africa as a child and endured the horrors of the Middle Passage and slavery, yet he taught himself to read and write English. (2) After gaining his freedom, he became a prominent abolitionist leader in England, publishing an influential narrative about his life experience. (3) Equiano's narrative was a powerful tool for the abolition movement as it evoked compassion and persuaded readers of the immorality of the slave trade through Equiano's first-
1. Olaudah Equiano was born around 1745 in what is now southeastern Nigeria and was kidnapped as a child and sold into slavery.
2. He was sold and transported across the Atlantic, experiencing the horrors of the Middle Passage. He eventually purchased his freedom after years of enslavement.
3. Equiano wrote an influential autobiography in 1794 about his experiences, which helped advance the abolitionist movement in Britain, America, and elsewhere. Though he did not live to see it, his work contributed to the eventual end of slavery.
Matthew Flinders was a British navigator and cartographer who explored and mapped much of the Australian coastline. He made three voyages to Australia between 1791-1810, commanding HMS Investigator from 1801-1803 where he circumnavigated and charted the coast. Flinders was the first to circumnavigate Australia and recognized it as a continent, separate from New Guinea and New Zealand. He proposed the name "Australia" for the territory. Flinders was imprisoned on Mauritius for almost 8 years due to the Napoleonic Wars before returning to England, where he worked to publish his voyages and charts before his early death at age 40.
Our grandfather - Captain Harrison DouglasJohn Douglas
A presentation on the life of sailing ship owner and sea captain, Harrison Douglas (1857-1919). the presentation covers sailing in the Pacific and Tasman during the 1880's - 1915. Born in Whitehaven in the north-west of England, he based himself at Devonport in Auckland, New Zealand and sailed from there for over 35 years.
Olaudah Equiano was born in West Africa and kidnapped as a child and sold into slavery. He was transported to the Caribbean on a slave ship, then sold to a British naval officer and spent several years as a slave in Virginia and sailing on ships. He eventually earned his freedom and became an active abolitionist in England, publishing his autobiography in 1789 and lecturing against the cruelty of slavery.
St. Brendan was an Irish monk born around 500 AD in County Kerry who embarked on a famous voyage by boat with other monks searching for the "Promised Land of the Saints" believed to lie far west of Ireland. After many adventures including seeing strange sights like smoking mountains and floating pillars at sea, they landed in North America. When they returned to Ireland, Brendan told other monks of their journey. Centuries later, the story inspired Christopher Columbus and Tim Severin, who in 1976 proved that such a voyage was possible by building a boat and sailing across the Atlantic to Newfoundland using only materials available in Brendan's time.
Another historical account of the life of Pocahontas in our series. Gloucester, Virginia Links and News website. GVLN. Visit us for more incredible content.
- The document summarizes the life and accomplishments of David Livingstone, a Scottish explorer famous for his travels and mapping expeditions throughout Africa in the 19th century.
- It provides a timeline of his life from 1813-1873, noting his birthplace of Scotland, marriage, major expeditions crossing the Kalahari Desert and exploring the Zambezi River region.
- Livingstone worked as a missionary in Africa but was fired for his anti-slavery views, after which he dedicated his life to exploration, mapping over 1 million square miles of Africa.
The Batavia was a ship of the Dutch East India Company that wrecked off the coast of Western Australia in 1629, killing around 40 of its 341 passengers. A mutiny then broke out among the survivors led by Jeronimus Cornelisz, resulting in the massacre of over 110 men, women and children. Cornelisz was later hanged for his role in the mutiny along with some of his accomplices. The wreck of the Batavia was one of the worst mutinies in maritime history.
Pioneer Ancestors of Erma P Gordon AndersonJoeAnd41
The document provides background information on the pioneer ancestors of Erma Phyllis Gordon Anderson. It describes their multi-month journey of over 5,500 miles from their homes in Europe to settle in Utah in the mid-1800s. They traveled by foot, wagon trains, and ships to stage areas in Iowa and Nebraska before making the final leg of the journey west. They helped establish the first settlements in Utah and carved out lives in the wilderness of the West.
The document provides details about the Titanic, including its size, features, crew, and passengers. It sank in the North Atlantic Ocean after colliding with an iceberg on April 14, 1912, leading to the deaths of over 1,500 people. The wreck of the Titanic was rediscovered in 1985 by oceanographer Robert Ballard nearly 2.5 miles below the surface.
The Sultana suffered the worst maritime disaster in U.S. history when three of its boilers exploded in 1865, killing around 1,700 Union soldiers who were passengers. The overloaded steamboat was carrying nearly 2,300 people, six times its capacity, as it traveled up the Mississippi River. When the boilers exploded near Memphis in the early morning hours, the ship split in two and sank within minutes, with only two lifeboats and 76 life preservers for the massive loss of life. Despite being such a catastrophic event, the sinking of the Sultana received little media coverage and attention at the time and has been largely forgotten by history books.
This document provides biographical information on Samuel Park Sr. and Isabella Gray Park, who were married in Ireland around 1820. It details their 6 children who were born between 1821-1832 in Ireland. The family moved to Kilbirnie, Scotland in the 1830s after Samuel Park Sr. died in 1833. Over the next few decades, family members converted to Mormonism and gradually emigrated to Utah to join the main body of saints. Isabella Gray Park and her daughter Mary Jane Park Draney traveled with the 1856 Mormon handcart company, departing Liverpool, England in March and arriving in Salt Lake City, Utah in September after a difficult journey.
The Pilgrims arrived at Cape Cod in November and sent an exploration party by land to scout the area while repairs were made to their shallop. The explorers encountered Native Americans but were not able to communicate. They found signs of past cornfields and dwellings. A later exploration by shallop discovered two empty houses and stores of corn and beans, ensuring the Pilgrims' survival. In December, during another exploration, the group had a violent encounter with Native Americans but suffered no injuries. They took this as a sign from God and named the place the "First Encounter."
The document discusses the lost silver mine of John Swift, an 18th century frontiersman, and the ongoing mystery around its location. It provides background on Swift's life, summaries various theories about the mine's existence and location, and highlights evidence found in historical records and landmarks that provide clues pointing to areas in Eastern Kentucky and Southwest Virginia along Pine Mountain and the Pound Gap as the potential locations of Swift's mine and caches of silver. The author believes Swift discovered an ancient storehouse of silver left by Native Americans rather than an actual mine.
The document provides facts about the Titanic, including its size relative to the Empire State Building, its speed of 26 miles per hour, and its capacity to carry 64 lifeboats but only having 20 on its fateful voyage. It also describes the differences between first and third class passengers, with first class tickets costing $4,350 in 1912 dollars (around $69,000 today). Biographical details are given for Robert Hinches, the steersman, and Joseph Ismay, a British business leader who was on board.
1. Olaudah Equiano was born free in present-day Nigeria but was kidnapped as a child and sold into slavery.
2. He was shipped to the Caribbean and North America where he experienced the horrors of the slave trade before eventually buying his freedom in 1766 after years of saving money.
3. After gaining his freedom, Equiano became a prominent abolitionist, publishing a popular book detailing his experiences in the slave trade in 1789 and using it to advocate for the abolition of slavery throughout Britain, Europe, and North America.
The document discusses facts about the RMS Titanic that are lesser known. It provides basic details about the ship, such as its length, tonnage, builders, and designer. It also mentions that the Titanic sank in the North Atlantic Ocean on April 15, 1912 after colliding with an iceberg on its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City.
Restaurants in Enfield Ct- Check out Three Figs
located just miles from enfield in suffield ct
http://www.3figsct.com/ They have some of the
best food and atmosphere around among enfield
and suffield restaurants.
They have a great menu that should appeal to just
about everybody including great salads, soups,
entrees and desserts. They also have a great
atmosphere including a great back room that
can be rented out for parties or for the
holidays you just have to check them out
today you will love their new place.
Its been re-done and they have a great bar and
dining area that can seat many people. So you
will just have to check them out
94 Mountain road suffield ct.
They are among some of the best restaurants
in enfield ct.
Read this article and notice all the text features. Then look for 3 cause and effect statements. Put your cause and effect statements into the accompanying chart.
The Titanic sank on April 14, 1912 after colliding with an iceberg in the North Atlantic Ocean. It was traveling too fast despite several warnings of icebergs ahead. There were not enough lifeboats for all of the passengers and many lives were lost. Investigations afterwards found faults in the ship's construction and failures in properly responding to the warnings. Over 1,500 people died when the "unsinkable" ship sank on its maiden voyage.
This summary provides an overview of a non-fiction article that recounts a 17-year-old boy's experience aboard the Titanic on its fateful maiden voyage in 1912. Jack Thayer enjoyed the luxury and modern technology of the massive ship. In the calm night of April 14th, the Titanic struck an iceberg, though passengers did not initially realize the danger. As the ship began sinking, Jack was separated from his parents in the panic. He and a friend waited until they could jump into the frigid waters and were later rescued, but Jack's father did not survive. The article highlights Jack's first-hand perspective of the tragedy that caused over 1,500 deaths when the Titanic sank.
The myth of the Flying Dutchman originates from 17th century Dutch folklore of a ghost ship doomed to sail the oceans forever. It is believed to have begun with a real Dutch ship that sank off the Cape of Good Hope in 1641. Many reported sightings of the ship occurred in the 19th and 20th centuries near the Cape of Good Hope. Explanations for sightings include optical effects like mirages that could make a real ship appear elevated in the air. The legend has inspired many cultural adaptations in art, literature, video games and amusement parks.
This document provides a summary of the book "Titanic" by Paul Shipton. It describes the construction and launch of the RMS Titanic, considered the largest and most luxurious ship in the world. On its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York in April 1912, the Titanic collided with an iceberg and sank, resulting in the deaths of over 1,500 people out of the estimated 2,200 passengers and crew. The summary outlines the key events of the sinking, including the insufficient number of lifeboats for all aboard and the higher survival rates among first-class passengers. It also discusses how the Titanic disaster became famous worldwide and was later depicted in the blockbuster 1997 film by James Cameron.
1. The document discusses the history behind a novel about Vikings and voyageurs, referencing explorers like La Verendrye and key events like the signing of the 1783 Treaty of Paris.
2. It suggests the French may have had secret knowledge of medieval Norse expeditions to North America from an inscribed stone brought to Paris in the 1700s.
3. The document speculates that Scottish fur traders may have also known of pre-Columbian explorations through connections to the Knights Templar and Freemasonry.
Talk sponsored by Historic Port of Washington group for 2016 Washington Marine Market on the downtown waterfront. Lecture held at the NC Estuarium on Water Street. 22 slides reviewing Age of Sail from 16th c. to early 20th c. with a focus on maritime history of Washington Second speaker was Rick Zablocki on the Pamlico Age of Steam (his slides not included here but hopefully will be at a later date on the hpow.org website). .
Olaudah Equiano was born in West Africa and kidnapped as a child and sold into slavery. He was transported to the Caribbean on a slave ship, then sold to a British naval officer and spent several years as a slave in Virginia and sailing on ships. He eventually earned his freedom and became an active abolitionist in England, publishing his autobiography in 1789 and lecturing against the cruelty of slavery.
St. Brendan was an Irish monk born around 500 AD in County Kerry who embarked on a famous voyage by boat with other monks searching for the "Promised Land of the Saints" believed to lie far west of Ireland. After many adventures including seeing strange sights like smoking mountains and floating pillars at sea, they landed in North America. When they returned to Ireland, Brendan told other monks of their journey. Centuries later, the story inspired Christopher Columbus and Tim Severin, who in 1976 proved that such a voyage was possible by building a boat and sailing across the Atlantic to Newfoundland using only materials available in Brendan's time.
Another historical account of the life of Pocahontas in our series. Gloucester, Virginia Links and News website. GVLN. Visit us for more incredible content.
- The document summarizes the life and accomplishments of David Livingstone, a Scottish explorer famous for his travels and mapping expeditions throughout Africa in the 19th century.
- It provides a timeline of his life from 1813-1873, noting his birthplace of Scotland, marriage, major expeditions crossing the Kalahari Desert and exploring the Zambezi River region.
- Livingstone worked as a missionary in Africa but was fired for his anti-slavery views, after which he dedicated his life to exploration, mapping over 1 million square miles of Africa.
The Batavia was a ship of the Dutch East India Company that wrecked off the coast of Western Australia in 1629, killing around 40 of its 341 passengers. A mutiny then broke out among the survivors led by Jeronimus Cornelisz, resulting in the massacre of over 110 men, women and children. Cornelisz was later hanged for his role in the mutiny along with some of his accomplices. The wreck of the Batavia was one of the worst mutinies in maritime history.
Pioneer Ancestors of Erma P Gordon AndersonJoeAnd41
The document provides background information on the pioneer ancestors of Erma Phyllis Gordon Anderson. It describes their multi-month journey of over 5,500 miles from their homes in Europe to settle in Utah in the mid-1800s. They traveled by foot, wagon trains, and ships to stage areas in Iowa and Nebraska before making the final leg of the journey west. They helped establish the first settlements in Utah and carved out lives in the wilderness of the West.
The document provides details about the Titanic, including its size, features, crew, and passengers. It sank in the North Atlantic Ocean after colliding with an iceberg on April 14, 1912, leading to the deaths of over 1,500 people. The wreck of the Titanic was rediscovered in 1985 by oceanographer Robert Ballard nearly 2.5 miles below the surface.
The Sultana suffered the worst maritime disaster in U.S. history when three of its boilers exploded in 1865, killing around 1,700 Union soldiers who were passengers. The overloaded steamboat was carrying nearly 2,300 people, six times its capacity, as it traveled up the Mississippi River. When the boilers exploded near Memphis in the early morning hours, the ship split in two and sank within minutes, with only two lifeboats and 76 life preservers for the massive loss of life. Despite being such a catastrophic event, the sinking of the Sultana received little media coverage and attention at the time and has been largely forgotten by history books.
This document provides biographical information on Samuel Park Sr. and Isabella Gray Park, who were married in Ireland around 1820. It details their 6 children who were born between 1821-1832 in Ireland. The family moved to Kilbirnie, Scotland in the 1830s after Samuel Park Sr. died in 1833. Over the next few decades, family members converted to Mormonism and gradually emigrated to Utah to join the main body of saints. Isabella Gray Park and her daughter Mary Jane Park Draney traveled with the 1856 Mormon handcart company, departing Liverpool, England in March and arriving in Salt Lake City, Utah in September after a difficult journey.
The Pilgrims arrived at Cape Cod in November and sent an exploration party by land to scout the area while repairs were made to their shallop. The explorers encountered Native Americans but were not able to communicate. They found signs of past cornfields and dwellings. A later exploration by shallop discovered two empty houses and stores of corn and beans, ensuring the Pilgrims' survival. In December, during another exploration, the group had a violent encounter with Native Americans but suffered no injuries. They took this as a sign from God and named the place the "First Encounter."
The document discusses the lost silver mine of John Swift, an 18th century frontiersman, and the ongoing mystery around its location. It provides background on Swift's life, summaries various theories about the mine's existence and location, and highlights evidence found in historical records and landmarks that provide clues pointing to areas in Eastern Kentucky and Southwest Virginia along Pine Mountain and the Pound Gap as the potential locations of Swift's mine and caches of silver. The author believes Swift discovered an ancient storehouse of silver left by Native Americans rather than an actual mine.
The document provides facts about the Titanic, including its size relative to the Empire State Building, its speed of 26 miles per hour, and its capacity to carry 64 lifeboats but only having 20 on its fateful voyage. It also describes the differences between first and third class passengers, with first class tickets costing $4,350 in 1912 dollars (around $69,000 today). Biographical details are given for Robert Hinches, the steersman, and Joseph Ismay, a British business leader who was on board.
1. Olaudah Equiano was born free in present-day Nigeria but was kidnapped as a child and sold into slavery.
2. He was shipped to the Caribbean and North America where he experienced the horrors of the slave trade before eventually buying his freedom in 1766 after years of saving money.
3. After gaining his freedom, Equiano became a prominent abolitionist, publishing a popular book detailing his experiences in the slave trade in 1789 and using it to advocate for the abolition of slavery throughout Britain, Europe, and North America.
The document discusses facts about the RMS Titanic that are lesser known. It provides basic details about the ship, such as its length, tonnage, builders, and designer. It also mentions that the Titanic sank in the North Atlantic Ocean on April 15, 1912 after colliding with an iceberg on its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City.
Restaurants in Enfield Ct- Check out Three Figs
located just miles from enfield in suffield ct
http://www.3figsct.com/ They have some of the
best food and atmosphere around among enfield
and suffield restaurants.
They have a great menu that should appeal to just
about everybody including great salads, soups,
entrees and desserts. They also have a great
atmosphere including a great back room that
can be rented out for parties or for the
holidays you just have to check them out
today you will love their new place.
Its been re-done and they have a great bar and
dining area that can seat many people. So you
will just have to check them out
94 Mountain road suffield ct.
They are among some of the best restaurants
in enfield ct.
Read this article and notice all the text features. Then look for 3 cause and effect statements. Put your cause and effect statements into the accompanying chart.
The Titanic sank on April 14, 1912 after colliding with an iceberg in the North Atlantic Ocean. It was traveling too fast despite several warnings of icebergs ahead. There were not enough lifeboats for all of the passengers and many lives were lost. Investigations afterwards found faults in the ship's construction and failures in properly responding to the warnings. Over 1,500 people died when the "unsinkable" ship sank on its maiden voyage.
This summary provides an overview of a non-fiction article that recounts a 17-year-old boy's experience aboard the Titanic on its fateful maiden voyage in 1912. Jack Thayer enjoyed the luxury and modern technology of the massive ship. In the calm night of April 14th, the Titanic struck an iceberg, though passengers did not initially realize the danger. As the ship began sinking, Jack was separated from his parents in the panic. He and a friend waited until they could jump into the frigid waters and were later rescued, but Jack's father did not survive. The article highlights Jack's first-hand perspective of the tragedy that caused over 1,500 deaths when the Titanic sank.
The myth of the Flying Dutchman originates from 17th century Dutch folklore of a ghost ship doomed to sail the oceans forever. It is believed to have begun with a real Dutch ship that sank off the Cape of Good Hope in 1641. Many reported sightings of the ship occurred in the 19th and 20th centuries near the Cape of Good Hope. Explanations for sightings include optical effects like mirages that could make a real ship appear elevated in the air. The legend has inspired many cultural adaptations in art, literature, video games and amusement parks.
This document provides a summary of the book "Titanic" by Paul Shipton. It describes the construction and launch of the RMS Titanic, considered the largest and most luxurious ship in the world. On its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York in April 1912, the Titanic collided with an iceberg and sank, resulting in the deaths of over 1,500 people out of the estimated 2,200 passengers and crew. The summary outlines the key events of the sinking, including the insufficient number of lifeboats for all aboard and the higher survival rates among first-class passengers. It also discusses how the Titanic disaster became famous worldwide and was later depicted in the blockbuster 1997 film by James Cameron.
1. The document discusses the history behind a novel about Vikings and voyageurs, referencing explorers like La Verendrye and key events like the signing of the 1783 Treaty of Paris.
2. It suggests the French may have had secret knowledge of medieval Norse expeditions to North America from an inscribed stone brought to Paris in the 1700s.
3. The document speculates that Scottish fur traders may have also known of pre-Columbian explorations through connections to the Knights Templar and Freemasonry.
Talk sponsored by Historic Port of Washington group for 2016 Washington Marine Market on the downtown waterfront. Lecture held at the NC Estuarium on Water Street. 22 slides reviewing Age of Sail from 16th c. to early 20th c. with a focus on maritime history of Washington Second speaker was Rick Zablocki on the Pamlico Age of Steam (his slides not included here but hopefully will be at a later date on the hpow.org website). .
Harland and Wolff shipyards in Belfast.
Thomas Andrews.
Southampton.
Two (Cherbourg, France and Queenstown, Ireland).
April 15, 1912.
September 1, 1985.
Robert Ballard.
Titanic: The Exhibition.
Millvina Dean.
June 2, 2009.
Exploration and Fur Trade of Western CanadaKevin Yee
Captain James Cook was the first European explorer to set foot on what is now British Columbia. He explored the coast in 1778, meeting native peoples but missing key locations like Juan de Fuca Strait. He died in 1779 in Hawaii on his third voyage of exploration. Alexander Mackenzie worked for the North West Company and in 1793 became the first person to cross North America north of Mexico. In 1789 he explored the river that now bears his name, reaching the Arctic Ocean. In 1793 he reached the Pacific Ocean but was turned back by hostile natives. Simon Fraser worked for the Hudson's Bay Company and in 1811 was the first European to travel the entire length of the Columbia River.
Contexts -- Geography -- Northern PassageBefore the creation of th.docxmercylittle80626
Contexts -- Geography -- Northern Passage
Before the creation of the Suez Canal (completed in 1869) and the Panama Canal (begun 1882, completed 1914), navigation between the hemispheres was a complicated process, involving lengthy trips around the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa or the Cape of Horn in South America, both notoriously difficult to navigate. Explorers turned their attention to the north, in the hopes of finding a means of sailing from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Two major paths, a Northeast Passage and a Northwest Passage, were sought for centuries, with minimal success.
Northeast Passage
The searches for a Northeast Passage -- one from the north of Scandinavia, into the Arctic Basin, and along the north coast of Asia -- began in the late sixteenth century. In 1596, fifteen Dutch sailors, led by Jacob van Heemskerck and Willem Barents, tried to complete the Northeast Passage, only to be trapped in June near the northcape of Novaya Zemlya. The sailors were trapped there for months in an ad-hoc dwelling built from driftwood they called Het Behouden Huys (the Saved House; the site was discovered in 1871). Their ordeal was described in print by one of the sailors, Gerrit de Veer, in 1598.
Most of the searches for a Northeast Passage, though, were carried out by Russia, which hoped to increase the profitability of its fur trade by finding a more direct route from the Atlantic to the Pacific. By the end of the 16th century the Russians had established a commercial route via the Arctic to the fur-trading centre of Mangazeya on the Taz River in western Siberia. But a polar passage was still greatly desired. Several archaelogical digs in Taymyr in the 1940s provide evidence of an unsuccessful Russian mission to sail the Northeast Passage in or shortly after 1619.
By 1645, Russian trading vessels were routinely sailing between the Kolyma and Lena Rivers along the Arctic coast. In 1648, Semyon Dezhnyov, a Cossack, was the first European to sail what is now called the Bering Strait. He sailed east from the Kolyma toward the Anadyr basin, believed to be rich in furs. Although several of his ships were destroyed, Dezhnyov reached Cape Olyutorsky, from which he traveled overland to the north to the Anadyr.
Dezhnyov's voyage aroused interest in exploration in Russia. In the 1720s, Peter the Great authorized a number of voyages to the area he had first sailed. It was Vitus Bering, an officer of Danish birth who served in the Russian navy, who made the most important discoveries. In 1728 he discovered St. Lawrence Island and sailed through the Bering Strait (named for him) and well into the Arctic Ocean, although, because he did not see Alaska, he did not realize how far he had in fact sailed. Four years later, two Russians, Ivan Fyodorov and Mikhail Gvozdev, were the first Europeans to see Alaska.
The discovery of a passage to the Pacific led to the greatest operation in the history of polar exploration, the Great Northern Expedition, which b.
Roald Amundsen (1872-1928) was a Norwegian explorer who was the first person to reach the South Pole in 1911. He led an expedition with skis, dog sleds, and 52 dogs that arrived at the South Pole on December 14, 1911, beating the British expedition led by Robert Falcon Scott. Amundsen disappeared in 1928 while participating in a rescue mission searching for survivors of an airship that had gone down in the Arctic.
The document summarizes the history of shipbuilding in Washington, North Carolina from 1760 to 1850. It discusses how sloop construction gave way to schooners in the 1760s. It highlights how Washington became a critical supply center during the Revolutionary War and that by 1783 it had 40 houses and shipbuilding was the chief occupation. It also notes that one of the first ten U.S. Revenue Cutters, the Diligence, was launched in Washington in 1791. By 1850, Beaufort County had become one of the most important shipbuilding centers in the state.
1) J.T.E. Lavoie was the meteorologist, geologist, customs officer, and surveyor on Capt. Bernier's 1910-11 Canadian Government Arctic expedition.
2) On the expedition, Lavoie led two impressive sledding expeditions. The first in 1910 charted previously unknown areas of Baffin Island's west coast, and the second in 1911 continued this surveying work.
3) In 1911, Lavoie's face was severely burned in an accident with a gasoline can. He was cared for by Inuit companions and eventually recovered, though he was disfigured for life.
This document summarizes the immigration histories of Philip Baker and Harriett Ann Thompson Baker to the United States and Utah. Philip Baker departed from Liverpool, England in 1851 aboard the Ellen Maria and arrived in New Orleans, later traveling overland to Salt Lake City. Harriett Ann Thompson departed from Liverpool in 1853 aboard the Golconda with her family and arrived in New Orleans, then continued by steamboat and ox train to Salt Lake City. They married around 1860-1861 in Beaver, Utah and had 10 children.
This document summarizes the discovery of two whaling ships that were lost in the Arctic 144 years ago. An archaeological team led by NOAA used advanced mapping technology to discover the wrecks of the whaleships Monticello and J.D. Thompson, which were part of a larger fleet of 33 ships trapped by ice off Alaska in 1871. This discovery sheds new light on Connecticut's historical whaling industry and the largest whaling disaster in U.S. history. The document provides historical context on whaling and details William Williams' first-hand account of the events as a 12-year old crew member aboard the Monticello.
Harriet Louise Peacock (1836-1915) immigrated from England to Utah in 1863. She departed London aboard the ship Amazon on June 4, 1863 with 895 other Latter-Day Saints. After arriving in New York on July 18, she traveled by wagon train to Florence, Nebraska and then to Salt Lake City, arriving on October 3-15, 1863. In Utah, she married James Joseph Meikle in 1864 and had eight children with him in Smithfield, Cache County, Utah, where she lived until her death in 1915.
Saint Brendan was an Irish monk who may have traveled to the Americas in the 5th century, though this is considered a myth without physical evidence. Columbus obtained information about lands across the Atlantic from fishermen in England and Portugal who likely explored the waters off Canada and the Caribbean. While we don't know if Saint Brendan or others like the Welsh or Phoenicians reached America, Columbus appeared to have knowledge from European sailors.
Exploring the History of Edson and AreaKierra McKay
- Tete Jaune was an Iroquois man who worked for the North West Company and Hudson's Bay Company in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, exploring unknown areas of the West.
- The town of Tete Jaune Cache is now abandoned but was located at a major natural crossroads in British Columbia.
- In 1907, Constable Hubert Shand took four and half days to travel 10 miles from a Grand Trunk Pacific survey camp to the McLeod River due to deep snow and muskeg terrain.
1) Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition set sail in 1915 with the goal of crossing Antarctica, but their ship Endurance became trapped in ice in the Weddell Sea.
2) After drifting for months, Endurance was crushed by ice in October 1915, forcing the crew to camp on ice floes until the ice broke up in 1916.
3) Shackleton then led a group of men on a harrowing open boat journey across the treacherous Drake Passage to the whaling station on South Georgia Island to fetch help for the others left stranded on Elephant Island.
This document summarizes information about 30 shipwrecks that occurred near Mossel Bay, South Africa between 1750-1993. It provides details about each ship such as name, year wrecked, tonnage, captain, cargo and cause of wreck when known. Many ships wrecked after dragging anchor or cables parted during storms. Cargoes included tea, cotton, wool and other goods. While some lives were lost, most crews survived shipwrecks and walked to safety. The wrecks highlight the dangers of shipping in the area during the 18th-20th centuries.
Francis Drake was an English seafarer and vice-admiral who was the first British person to circumnavigate the globe. He was born in Devonshire, England and became a ship's boy at age 12. Drake led many expeditions, including attacking Spanish ports along the Pacific coast of South America in 1577 on behalf of Queen Elizabeth I. He explored the coast as far north as modern-day Vancouver. Drake died of dysentery in 1596 while on an expedition in the West Indies.
The city of Melbourne, Australia was named after Melbourne, Derbyshire in England. [1] The 2nd Viscount Melbourne, who was the British Prime Minister and mentor to Queen Victoria, took his title from the town of Melbourne in Derbyshire. [2] As a tribute to Lord Melbourne, Queen Victoria decided to name the new settlement in Australia "Melbourne" in 1837. [3] There have since been friendly connections maintained between Melbourne, Australia and Melbourne, Derbyshire.
Alfred Wegener first proposed the theory of continental drift in 1915, hypothesizing that around 200 million years ago, all the Earth's land masses were joined together in a single supercontinent called Pangaea. Pangaea began to break apart in the late Triassic period, separating into the supercontinents of Laurasia and Gondwanaland. By the end of the Cretaceous period, the continents had separated into their modern positions.
The document summarizes the exploration of the interior and Pacific coast of North America by European fur traders and maritime explorers between the 17th-19th centuries. It describes key explorers such as Samuel Hearne who mapped northern Canada for the HBC, Alexander Mackenzie who crossed Canada by land and reached the Pacific, and Simon Fraser who explored central British Columbia region for the NWC. It also outlines maritime explorers like Cook, Vancouver and Perez who mapped the Pacific coast and made contact with indigenous groups in Alaska, British Columbia and beyond.
The document discusses several ships and aircraft that have disappeared in the Bermuda Triangle over the past 500 years, estimated to be between 200-1000 incidents. Some of the earliest disappearances include Christopher Columbus' Santa Maria in 1492 and the USS Cyclops in 1918 which was a US Navy ship that disappeared with 309 crew. Other notable disappearances discussed are the Marie Celeste found abandoned in 1872, the USS Scorpion nuclear submarine in 1968, and the SS Marine Sulphur Queen cargo ship in 1963. Possible natural explanations proposed for disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle include issues with compasses, methane hydrates, the Gulf Stream and freak waves, and human error.
An overview of the early days of the Polar Continental Shelf Project, the science logistic support project for scientists working in the Canadian Arctic
The document provides an overview of the history and engineering details of the Panama Canal. It describes how the French initially tried but failed to build a sea-level canal in the 1880s. The US later took over the project, with chief engineer John Stevens deciding to build a lock canal with three sets of locks to lift ships 85 feet to a summit lake. A huge earthen dam was constructed to provide water for the locks from the newly created Lake Gatun, the world's largest man-made lake at the time. On average 14,000 ships transit the canal annually, with 52 million gallons of water used per large cruise ship passage.
A review of the current status of glaciers and sea ice in the Canadian Arctic and Greenland. An examination of the current retreat of glaciers and the fast disapearing sea ice.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
1. The Search for the Arctic Passage An overview of a complex…and baffling history Denis A. St-Onge, O.C. 2007
2.
3. The main actors William Baffin 1584-1622 Martin Frobisher 1535?-1594 John Ross 1777-1856 W.E. Parry 1790-1865 Thomas Simpson 1808 - 1840 John Franklin 1786-1847 John Rae 1813-1893 Francis Leopold McClintock 1819- 1907
4. THE SEARCH FOR THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE … and Canada’s first Bre-X British Admiral Martin Frobisher First trip 1576
5. FIRST MEETING BETWEEN FROBISHER’S CREW and THE INUIT OF BAFFIN ISLAND 1576 Painting by Francis Back
6. An Inuk and his Kayak captured by Frobisher in an attempt to find five sailors who disappeared with the only row boat
11. Departure from England in 1578 of the 15 ships under Martin Frobisher. Destination: Countess of Warwick’s Island (now Qallunaat Island). Purpose: mining ‘gold’.
12. THE QUEST FOR GOLD! The third voyage in 1578 “ Mining sites” First European House
14. NO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT BUT…SOMETHING USEFUL “ Ore” was eventually used To build a wall around the former Dartford Priory in Kent.
15. WILLIAM BAFFIN In 1616 Baffin explores the Bay That bears his name and reaches 77 o 22’ north, a northing that will not be surpassed until the 19 th century.
26. Peter Dease who was a chief factor of the Hudson Bay Co. in the Athabaska region had been selected to lead the expedition to be “a steadying influence on the impetuous and mercurial Thomas” “ Dease was a worthy, indolent, illiterate soul and moves just as I give the impulse”(Simpson in a letter to his brother) The expedition left Fort Confidence for the Coppermine on 6 June 1838
27. Fort Confidence, Great Bear Lake. This sketch of the Fort rebuilt in 1848 was drawn by Dr. John Rae (HBC Archives, Manitoba) Simpson spent the winters 1837-38 and 38-39 with Peter Warren Dease’s family in Fort Confidence
35. During the middle of the day on August 20 1838 they passed Point Turnagain The furthest east reached by Franklin’s 1 st expedition. Fearing that he was heading to a dead end bay Simpson climbed a high cape: “ a vast and splendid prospect burst suddenly upon me. The sea, as if transformed by enchantment, rolled its free waves at my feet, and beyond the reach of vision to the eastward…” Simpson called this Cape Alexander after his brother. “The morning of the 25 th was Devoted…to the erection of a pillar of stones on the most elevated part of the point.”
36. On 15 June 1839 Dease and Simpson leave Fort Confidence for the Coppermine. They reached the western shore of Boothia Peninsula on August 20 at Cape Sir John Ross. Names they added: Richardson River, Cape Barrow, Cape Franklin, Cape Alexander, Trap Point, Minto Inlet, Cape Roxborough, Melbourne Island, Gloucester Hills, Ellice River, Whitebear Point, Grant Point, Cape Seaforth, Thunder Cove, Simpson Strait, Richardson Point, Pechell Point, Cape Selkirk, Cape Britania.
37. At Cape Britania “…on this part of the coast, we erected a conical pile of Ponderous stones, fourteen feet high; which, if it not be pulled down by the natives may defy the rage of a thousand storms. In it we placed a sealed Bottle, containing an outline of our proceedings; and possession was taken of our extensive discoveries, in the name of Victoria the First…It was only on occasions like this that we regretted the want of any kind of liquor with Which to treat our faithful crews.” Starvation Cove James Savelle An example of a large cairn
38. THE RETURN TRIP Leave Cape Selkirk on Augusty 20, reach mouth of Coppermine September 16, 1839
40. THE UNFOLDING OF A WORLD CLASS TRAGEDY When last seen in Disko Bay July 1845
41. THE BEGINNING OF A CATASTROPHY Erebus and Terror Bay, Beechey Island Erebus and Terror, first winter Near Beechey Island
42. Stark memorials Beechey Island Headland Painting by John Hamilton William Braine, April 3 rd, 1846, age 32 John Hartnell, January 4 th 1846, age 25 John Torrington, Jan. 1, 1846, age 20 Thomas Morgan, 1854 Belcher exp.
43. IN MEMORY OF A YOUNG MAN John Torrington From HMS Terror died January 1, 1846 (as he appeared when excavated Owen Beattie in 1984)
44. PART OF THE PROBLEM! And a Cenotaph erected by Belcher in 1854 “ To commemorate Bellot and others…who died Searching for the Franklin Expedition”
45. Erebus and Terror Crawling along a lead in pack ice West of King William Island
46. ARTISTS’ RENDITION OF THE FRANKLIN TRAGEDY Abandoning ships west of King William Island Spring 1848 Franklin died on June 11, 1847 Nameless and Desperate heroes
47. Memorial to Lieut Irving RN, HM Ship TERROR Dean Cemetary, Edinburgh, Scotland
48. “ In memory of Lieut John Irving RN, HM Ship TERROR. Born 1815 died in King William’s Land 1848-9. Her Majesty’s ships EREBUS and Terror left England in May 1845 under command of Sir John Franklin KCB to explore a north-west passage to the Pacific. After wintering 1845-6 at Beechey Island they sailed south down Franklin’s Strait and entered the NW passage. Having been there beset with ice for two years, Sir J Franklin, 8 other officers & 15 seamen having died, the survivors – 105 in number – Lieut Irving being one – landed on King William’s Land and attempted to march to Canada but all died from cold and want of food. In 1879 Lieut of the American Searching Expedition discovered Lieut Irving’s grave. Through his kindness the remains of this brave and good officer were brought away and were deposited here on 7 th January 1881.”
49. THE KABLOONA WITH THE LONG LEGS John Rae, the consummate Arctic Traveler Surveyed 2, 825 km of new territory Traveled 10, 490 km on snowshoes and sailed 10, 720km in small boats Aided by a few native people he solved the two great Arctic mysteries: -the fate of the doomed Franklin in 1853 - 1854 -the final link of the NW passage. This brought the wrath of the formidable Lady Franklin
50. RELICTS OF A TRAGEDY The home of a forgotten hero!
51. Lieutenant William Robert Hobson Captain Francis Leopold McClintock Captain McClintock, R.N., LL.D. The Voyage of the Fox in the Arctic Seas 1857 - 1859
52. The Fox was a 160-tonne yacht built by British nobleman for luxury cruising. It was purchased by Lady Franklin following a public subscription. The Fox Was merely a vehicle for getting as close as possible to King William Island. The search would be conducted by sledges.
53. In late August-early September McClintock made 5 attempts to cross Bellot Strait and was always stopped by ice in the western part of the Strait. A small bay at the base of Mount Walker (Port Kennedy) was selected for the winter anchorage.
55. Burial in the ice. Fox’s engineer died of injuries from a fall. A hole was cut in the ice and his body was slipped into the ocean to bury him “at sea.”
56.
57. “ On the 20 th April, in latitude 70 1/2o N., we met two families of natives, comprising twelve individuals;…” “… we learned that two ships had been seen …one of them was seen to sink in deep water, and nothing was obtained from her, a circumstance at which they expressed much regret; but the other was forced on shore by the ice, where they suppose she still remains but is much broken.” “… the body of a man was found on board the ship; that he must have been a very large man, and had long teeth;…” “… it was in the fall of the year – that is, August or September – when the ships were destroyed; all the white people went away to the “large river,” taking a boat or boats with them. And that the following winter there bones were found there.”
61. “ We found here ten or twelve huts and thirty or forty natives…” “ I purchased from them six pieces of sil;ver plate, bearing the crests or initials of Franklin, Crozier, Fairholme, and McDonald…” “ There had been many books they said, but all have long been destroyed by the weather; the ship was forced on shore in the fall of the year by ice.” “ She said many of the white men dropped by the way as they went to the Great River.” “ Shortly after midnight of the 24 th May…I cam across a human skeleton…This victim was a young man, slightly built…the dress appeared to be that of a stewart or officer’s servant…blue jacket with slashed sleeves and braided edging, and the pilot-cloth great-coat with plain covered buttons. We found also, a clothes brush near, and a horn pocket-comb.”
62. “… I ascended the slope which is crowned by Simpson’s conspicuous cairn …now only four feet high; the south side had been pulled down and the central stones removed…nothing whatever was found, nor any trace of European visitors in its vicinity”
64. … a sad and touching relic of our lost friends… There is an error in the first “All well” document Apparently written by Lt. Gore : over wintering at Beechey Island was in 1845-46 not 1846-47. Second message written around the margin is more Ominous: “ April 25, 1848.-H.M. ships ‘Terror’ and ‘ Erebus’ were deserted on the 22 nd April, 5 leagues N.N.W. of this, having been beset since 12 th September, 1846. The officers and crews, consisting of 105 souls, Under the command of Captain F.R.M. Crozier, landed Here in lat. 69o 37’ 42’’ N., long. 98o 41’ W. Sir John Franklin died on the 11 th June, 1847; and the total loss by deaths in the expedition has been to this date 9 Officers and 15 men.” Signed Signed F.R,N. Crozier James Fitzjames Captain and Senior Officer Captain H.M.S. Erebus “ and start (on) tomorrow, 26 th for Back’s Fish River.”
65. … in the morning of the 30 th May (1859) we encamped alongside a large boat- …
66.
67. “ A vast quantity of tattered clothing was lying in her…not a single article bore the name of its former owner.” “ This boat measured 28 feet long, and 7 feet 3 inches wide;…she had neither oars or rudder, paddles supplying their place…” “ The weight of the boat alone was about 700 or 800 lbs but she was mounted upon a sledge of unusual weight and strength, It was constructed of two oak planks 23 feet 4 inches in length, 8 inches in width and with an average thickness of 2 ½ inches….I have calculated the weight of this sledge to be 650 lbs.; it could not have been less, and may have been considerably more. The total weight of boat and sledge may be taken at 1400 lbs. “ But all these were after observations; there was that in the boat which transfixed us with awe. It was portions of two human skeletons….Close beside (one) were found five watches; and there were two double-barrelled guns- one barrel in each loaded and cocked…eight pairs of boots…silk handkerchief…a quantity of articles of one description and another truly astonishing in variety, and such as, for the most part, modern sledge-travellers would consider a mere accumulation of dead weight, but slightly useful, and very likely to break down the strength of the sledge-crews.” “ in the after part of the boat we discovered eleven large spoons, eleven forks, and four tea spoons, all of silver;…” “ I was astonished to find that the sledge was directed to the N.E., exactly for the next point of land which we ourselves were travelling. The position of this abandoned boat is about 50 miles – as a sledge would travel – from Point Victory, and therefore 65 miles from the position of the ships;… A little reflection led me to satisfy my own mind at least, that the boat was returning to the ships: and in no other way can I account for two men having been left in her, than by supposing the party were unable to drag the boat further… ” “ Whether all or any of the remainder of this detached party ever reached their ships is uncertain; all we know is, that they did not revisit the boat, and which accounts for the absence of more skeletons in its neighborhood; and the Eskimaux report that there was no one alive in the ship when she drifted on shore, and that but one human body was found by them on board of her.
68.
69. Victory Point “ On the morning of the 2 nd of June (1859) we reached Point Victory.” “ A great quantity and variety of things lay strewed about the cairn, such as even in their three days’ march from the ships the retreating crews found it impossible to carry further. Amongst these were four sets of boat’s cooking stoves, pickaxes, shovels, iron hoops, old canvas, a large single block, about four feet of a copper lightning conductor, long pieces of hollow brass curtain rods, a small case of selected medicines containing about twenty-four phials, the contents in a wonderful state of preservation; a deep circle by Robinson, with two needles, bar magnets, and light horizontal needle all complete…and even a small sextant engraved in the name ‘Frederick Hornby’ lying beside the cairn without its case.” “ The clothing left by the retreating crews of the ‘Erebus’ and ‘Terror’ formed a huge heap four feet high.”
70. Cairn at Cape Lady Jane Franklin Photo: Prof. James Savelle