The document contrasts formal and informal communication, detailing their characteristics, uses, and advantages and disadvantages. Formal communication is structured, professional, and often written, while informal communication is casual, spontaneous, and may involve relaxed language. It also discusses effective communication tips and the differences between oral and written communication, as well as intentional vs. unintentional communication.

1. FORMAL AND INFORMAL
COMMUNICATION
ORAL COMMUNICATION

4. WHAT IS FORMAL COMMUNICATION?
ORAL COMMUNICATION

5. FORMAL COMMUNICATION
 deals with the sharing of official
information
 usually used for business letters,
memos, reports, and orders.
 follows proper format and
structure.

6. WHAT IS INFORMAL COMMUNICATION?
ORAL COMMUNICATION

7. INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
 deals with sharing of information with friends,
 does not need to follow proper structure, unlike
formal.
 usually face-to-face, telephonic, conversational.

8. WHAT IS THEIR DIFFERENCES IN TERMS
OF LANGUAGE USED?
ORAL COMMUNICATION

9. LANGUAGE USED
FORMAL
 does not use slang/colloquialism.
 avoids contractions.
INFORMAL
 casual
spontaneous

10. LANGUAGE USED
FORMAL
 I will be attending the meeting later. I am
on my way.
INFORMAL
 I’ll be attending the meeting later. I’m
OTW.

11. DIFFERENCES OF FORMAL AND INFORMAL
COMMUNICATION
ORAL COMMUNICATION

12. DIFFERENCES
 SETTING: FORMAL COMMUNICATION IS USED IN
PROFESSIONAL OR OFFICIAL SETTINGS, SUCH AS
BUSINESS MEETINGS, ACADEMIC CONFERENCES, OR
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
INFORMAL COMMUNICATION IS TYPICALLY
EMPLOYED IN NON-PROFESSIONAL OR RELAXED
ENVIRONMENTS, SUCH AS SOCIAL GATHERINGS WITH
FRIENDS OR INTERACTIONS WITH FAMILY MEMBERS.

13. DIFFERENCES
 RULES AND PROCEDURES: FORMAL COMMUNICATION
FOLLOWS ESTABLISHED RULES AND PROCEDURES,
SUCH AS THOSE RELATED TO ADDRESSING INDIVIDUALS
BY THEIR FORMAL TITLES SUCH AS MR. OR DR., USING
PROPER GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY, AND FOLLOWING
ESTABLISHED ETIQUETTE AND PROTOCOL.
INFORMAL COMMUNICATION HAS NO SET RULES OR
PROCEDURES AND MAY ALLOW FOR MORE FLEXIBILITY
IN LANGUAGE USE AND BEHAVIOR.

14. DIFFERENCES
 STRUCTURE: FORMAL COMMUNICATION IS GENERALLY
STRUCTURED, ORGANIZED, AND PLANNED. IT MAY
INVOLVE PREPARING WRITTEN DOCUMENTS OR
PRESENTATIONS IN ADVANCE, FOLLOWING A SPECIFIC
AGENDA, OR ADHERING TO A STRICT TIMELINE.
INFORMAL COMMUNICATION CAN BE SPONTANEOUS AND
UNPLANNED, WITH NO SET STRUCTURE OR AGENDA.

15. DIFFERENCES
 LANGUAGE: FORMAL COMMUNICATION USES PROPER
GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY, AVOIDING SLANG,
COLLOQUIAL LANGUAGE, OR JARGON.
 INFORMAL COMMUNICATION MAY USE MORE
RELAXED OR CASUAL LANGUAGE, INCLUDING SLANG,
COLLOQUIALISMS, OR JARGON, DEPENDING ON THE
CONTEXT.

16. DIFFERENCES
 INFORMATION DELIVERY: FORMAL COMMUNICATION CONVEYS
INFORMATION CLEARLY AND CONCISELY, OFTEN
PRIORITIZING ACCURACY AND PROFESSIONALISM OVER
A PERSONAL CONNECTION OR ENTERTAINMENT VALUE.
INFORMAL COMMUNICATION MAY USE STORYTELLING,
HUMOR, OR OTHER TECHNIQUES TO CONVEY
INFORMATION, AND MAY PRIORITIZE PERSONAL
CONNECTION OR ENTERTAINMENT VALUE OVER
ACCURACY OR PROFESSIONALISM.

17. DIFFERENCES
 MODE OF COMMUNICATION: FORMAL COMMUNICATION IS
OFTEN WRITTEN, SUCH AS IN EMAILS, BUSINESS
REPORTS, OR PRESENTED THROUGH FORMAL
SPEECHES OR PRESENTATIONS.
 INFORMAL COMMUNICATION IS OFTEN SPOKEN, SUCH
AS IN CONVERSATIONS OR PHONE CALLS, BUT CAN
ALSO TAKE WRITTEN FORM, SUCH AS THROUGH TEXT
MESSAGES OR SOCIAL MEDIA.

18. DIFFERENCES
 GREETINGS AND SIGN-OFFS: IN FORMAL COMMUNICATION,
FORMAL GREETINGS AND SIGN-OFFS ARE USED,
SUCH AS “DEAR SIR/MADAM” AND “SINCERELY.”
 IN INFORMAL COMMUNICATION, CASUAL
GREETINGS AND SIGN-OFFS ARE USED, SUCH AS
“HEY” OR “TAKE CARE.”

19. DIFFERENCES
• PERSONAL TOPICS: FORMAL COMMUNICATION TYPICALLY
AVOIDS PERSONAL TOPICS OR OPINIONS, FOCUSING
ON PROFESSIONAL OR OFFICIAL INFORMATION.
• INFORMAL COMMUNICATION MAY INCLUDE
PERSONAL OPINIONS, EXPERIENCES, OR TOPICS
UNRELATED TO PROFESSIONAL OR OFFICIAL
MATTERS.

20. DIFFERENCES
• TONE: FORMAL COMMUNICATION TENDS TO BE
SERIOUS AND PROFESSIONAL, WITH A FOCUS ON
CONVEYING INFORMATION RESPECTFULLY AND
OBJECTIVELY.
•INFORMAL COMMUNICATION TENDS TO BE MORE
LIGHTHEARTED AND RELAXED, WITH A FOCUS ON
PERSONAL CONNECTION AND EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION.

21. EXAMPLES OF FORMAL COMMUNICATION
ORAL COMMUNICATION

22. EXAMPLES
• A BUSINESS MEETING IN WHICH COLLEAGUES DISCUSS
COMPANY POLICY AND STRATEGY.
• A LECTURE DELIVERED BY A PROFESSOR TO A GROUP OF
STUDENTS.
• A PRESS RELEASE ANNOUNCING A NEW PRODUCT OR
SERVICE.
• A LEGAL DOCUMENT, SUCH AS A CONTRACT OR A COURT
FILING.
• A JOB INTERVIEW WITH A POTENTIAL EMPLOYER

23. EXAMPLES OF INFORMAL
COMMUNICATION
ORAL COMMUNICATION

24. EXAMPLES
• A CONVERSATION BETWEEN FRIENDS DISCUSSING
THEIR WEEKEND PLANS.
•A PHONE CALL BETWEEN FAMILY MEMBERS
CATCHING UP ON RECENT NEWS.
A CHAT OVER COFFEE WITH A NEIGHBOR ABOUT
NEIGHBORHOOD EVENTS.
•A POST ON SOCIAL MEDIA SHARING PERSONAL
EXPERIENCES OR OPINIONS.

25. ADVANTAGES OF FORMAL
COMMUNICATION
ORAL COMMUNICATION

26. ADVANTAGES
1. CLARITY: FORMAL COMMUNICATION IS
STRUCTURED AND PRECISE, MAKING IT EASIER TO
UNDERSTAND AND REDUCING THE CHANCES OF
MISINTERPRETATION.
2. RECORD-KEEPING: FORMAL COMMUNICATION
OFTEN LEAVES A PAPER TRAIL, ALLOWING FOR EASY
REFERENCE AND RECORD-KEEPING

27. DISADVANTAGES OF FORMAL
COMMUNICATION
ORAL COMMUNICATION

28. DISADVANTAGES
1. RIGIDITY: FORMAL
COMMUNICATION CAN BE RIGID AND
INFLEXIBLE, MAKING IT DIFFICULT TO
ADJUST TO CHANGING
CIRCUMSTANCES OR RESPOND
QUICKLY TO NEW SITUATIONS.

29. DISADVANTAGES
2. IMPERSONAL: FORMAL COMMUNICATION
CAN BE IMPERSONAL AND LACK THE
WARMTH AND PERSONAL CONNECTION OF
INFORMAL COMMUNICATION, MAKING IT
LESS EFFECTIVE FOR BUILDING
RELATIONSHIPS OR FOSTERING A
POSITIVE WORK CULTURE.

30. ADVANTAGES OF INFORMAL
COMMUNICATION
ORAL COMMUNICATION

31. ADVANTAGES
SPEED: INFORMAL COMMUNICATION CAN
BE FASTER THAN FORMAL
COMMUNICATION SINCE IT DOESN’T HAVE
TO GO THROUGH THE ORGANIZATIONAL
HIERARCHY. IT ALLOWS INFORMATION TO
BE QUICKLY DISSEMINATED AMONG
EMPLOYEES.

32. ADVANTAGES
FLEXIBILITY: COMPARED TO FORMAL
COMMUNICATION, INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
IS CHARACTERIZED BY GREATER FLEXIBILITY.
IT ALLOWS EMPLOYEES TO COMMUNICATE IN A
WAY THAT IS MORE COMFORTABLE FOR THEM,
SUCH AS USING INFORMAL LANGUAGE, WHICH
CAN HELP BUILD STRONGER RELATIONSHIPS
AND FOSTER COLLABORATION.

33. DISADVANTAGES OF INFORMAL
COMMUNICATION
ORAL COMMUNICATION

34. DISADVANTAGES
INACCURACY: SINCE INFORMAL
COMMUNICATION ISN’T REGULATED OR
CONTROLLED, THERE’S A HIGHER CHANCE
THAT INFORMATION MAY BE INACCURATE,
INCOMPLETE, OR DISTORTED AS IT IS PASSED
ALONG. THIS CAN LEAD TO CONFUSION AND
MISUNDERSTANDINGS AMONG EMPLOYEES.

35. DISADVANTAGES
•LACK OF DOCUMENTATION: INFORMAL
COMMUNICATION IS USUALLY NOT
DOCUMENTED, WHICH CAN MAKE IT
DIFFICULT TO TRACK IMPORTANT
DECISIONS OR ACTIONS TAKEN
BASED ON THAT COMMUNICATION..

36. TIPS FOR EFFECTIVE FORMAL
COMMUNICATION
ORAL COMMUNICATION

37. 1) PREPARE AHEAD OF TIME: BEFORE ENGAGING IN
FORMAL COMMUNICATION, IT’S IMPORTANT TO
PREPARE YOUR THOUGHTS AND WHAT YOU
WANT TO COMMUNICATE. THIS COULD
INVOLVE RESEARCHING THE TOPIC, MAKING AN
OUTLINE OF YOUR IDEAS, AND REVIEWING THE
PRINCIPLES OF GOOD COMMUNICATION.

38. 2) BE MINDFUL OF YOUR TONE: YOUR TONE
CAN IMPACT HOW YOUR MESSAGE IS
RECEIVED. IN FORMAL COMMUNICATION, IT’S
IMPORTANT TO USE A PROFESSIONAL AND
RESPECTFUL TONE, EVEN IF YOU’RE
DISCUSSING DIFFICULT OR CONTENTIOUS
TOPICS.
.

39. TIPS FOR EFFECTIVE INFORMAL
COMMUNICATION
ORAL COMMUNICATION

40. 1) BE PERSONABLE AND APPROACHABLE:
WHEN COMMUNICATING INFORMALLY, IT’S
IMPORTANT TO BE PERSONABLE AND
APPROACHABLE. THIS CAN HELP TO CREATE A
RELAXED AND FRIENDLY ATMOSPHERE, WHICH
CAN MAKE COMMUNICATION EASIER AND
MORE EFFECTIVE.
.

41. •2) LISTEN ACTIVELY: EFFECTIVE
INFORMAL COMMUNICATION REQUIRES
ACTIVE LISTENING. MAKE SURE TO
LISTEN TO WHAT THE OTHER PERSON IS
SAYING AND RESPOND APPROPRIATELY.
.

42. 3) BE MINDFUL OF NONVERBAL CUES: IN INFORMAL
COMMUNICATION, NONVERBAL CUES
SUCH AS FACIAL EXPRESSIONS AND BODY
LANGUAGE CAN BE JUST AS IMPORTANT
AS SPOKEN WORDS. PAY ATTENTION TO
THESE CUES TO BETTER UNDERSTAND
THE MESSAGE BEING CONVEYED.
.

43. SIMILARITIES OF FORMAL AND INFORMAL
COMMUNICATION
ORAL COMMUNICATION

44. AIMS TO CONVEY MESSAGE
INVOLVES THE USE OF LANGUAGE
REQUIRES ACTIVE LISTENING
CAN BE VERBAL OR NONVERBAL.

45. ASPECT FORMAL INFORMAL
STRUCTURE Regulated and
follows specific
structure
Does not have
defined
structure
PURPOSE Used to convey
official
information such
as policies.
Used for
personal or
social purposes.
TONE Professional and
respectful
Relaxed and
casual

46. ORAL AND WRITTEN
COMMUNICATION
ORAL COMMUNICATION

47. WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
 generally more formal than oral
communication.
 refers to the type of communication
that uses written words.
 this can be typed on an electronic
device

48. WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
 message is carefully drafted and
formulated in written form.

49. EXAMPLES OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
 email
 text message
 cards and letters
Newspapers
Magazine
Blogs

50. ORAL COMMUNICATION
 refers to the communication that
takes place by speaking.
 includes basic conversation, as well
as speeches and meetings.

51. ORAL COMMUNICATION
 oldest form of communication.
 it is most commonly used as a
medium for the exchange of
information.
 involves gathering and disseminating
information through spoken words.

52. EXAMPLES OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
 share ideas
 communicate thoughts
 exchange information
Give orders
 persuade people

53. DIFFERENCES ORAL AND
WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
ORAL COMMUNICATION

54. DIFFERENCES
 oral communication is faster than
written communication.
 oral communication, instant
feedback is received from the recipient
which is not possible in written
communication

55. DIFFERENCES
 misinterpretation is more possible in
oral communication rather than
written.
 oral communication is used for
personal conversation or group talks,
written is used in schools and business.

56. DIFFERENCES
 written communication is precise
(exact/accurate) because words are
chosen.
 oral communication can be more
effective of because gestures,
movement, tones, and visual/verbal
cues.

59. INTENTIONAL AND
UNINTENTIONAL
COMMUNICATION
ORAL COMMUNICATION

60. INTENTIONAL COMMUNICATION
 means that one person is sending a
message to another person in a
purposeful way.
 encompasses all the deliberate
words, actions, visual support that we
consciously include in any particular
communication.

61. UNINTENTIONAL COMMUNICATION
 it is often non-verbal
 it comes in forms that are
demonstrated unconsciously (e.g.
physical posture, tone of voice,
behavior, gestures)

62. UNINTENTIONAL COMMUNICATION
 includes everything else.
 it might be carelessly chosen words
 rely on the fact that messages have a
purpose

63. VALUE
 the value of intentional and
unintentional communication lies in
consciousness.

64. HOW TO AVOID UNINTENTIONAL COMMUNICATION?
 think before speaking—be mindful of
what you say, where and when you say
it.
 may be avoided by developing skilss
around body language habits especially
the tone of voice.

65. HOW TO AVOID UNINTENTIONAL COMMUNICATION?
 watch your words, also notice
everyone’s feelings in all of the forms of
communication.

66. TYPES OF UNINTENTIONAL COMMUNICATION (NON-
VERBAL)
 facial expressions
 paralinguistics (loudness/tone of
voice)
 body language
 proxemics (space)
 haptics (touch)