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Twin Births in Western Africa: A Look into Igbo and Yoruba Culture
How does the birth of twins differ in Nigeria based upon population group? In the
southeast of Nigeria, the Igbo speaking people feared the birth of twins while the Yoruba
population in southwest Nigeria treat twins as gods. Infanticide may seem like a foreign concept
to our culture but to others, it is very real. It is said that that the reason the Yoruba praise twins,
is the same reason why the Igbo feared them. This essay will analyze the effect twins have on
each population group and explain the outcome of twin births in West Africa.
The Igbo people of southeast Nigeria have a problematic history of actively seeking to
abominate and eradicate twin births in their society. Why would this population be so persistent
on removing twinship? As we know, twins are the product of one fertilized ovum splitting and
developing into two fetuses or two separate ova are fertilized by two separate sperm cells. In
Igbo culture, umu ujime (multiple births) are the repercussion of the devil’s work and should
therefore cease to exist (Bastian, 2001). The indigenous population believed that umu ujime was
a disgrace to their deity of the earth whom they call Ala or Ani. Furthermore, families who had
twin births were held accountable for the dishonor they brought upon the population, especially
mothers (Bastian, 2001). The twins would be put in pots, suffocated, and discarded in the “bad
bush” known as oojo ofia, which were located outside of Igbo territory (Bastian, 2001). Mothers
who bore twins were cursed and removed from the society and even killed along with their
children. If they weren’t killed, they were taken to twin villages and were grieved by their
families as if she were deceased (Imbua, 2013).
There are several reasons for twin killings in the Igbo culture. One logic behind the issue
included the idea that only animals can have multiple births. When animals such as goats or
sheep had multiple births, it was a joyous occasion. More goats simply meant more food and
2
more milk. The litter was not killed, but human multiple births had an opposing fate. The Igbo
believed that humans shouldn’t express animal-like traits which included rules on reproduction.
Women should have singular births and animals should have multiple (Bastian, 2001). This
example was one way to provide further insight for the reasoning behind eradicating umu ujime.
Does the practice of twin abomination still exist in southeastern Nigeria? In the earlier
nineteenth century European missionaries had become aware of twin killings in the southeast of
Nigeria. The practice was against the religion of Christianity and missionaries saw twin killing as
innocent life being taken (Bastian, 2001). Although this was appalling to missionaries, they
understood the religious differences and stepped in to persuade the ...
The document discusses aspects of Igbo culture such as the importance of titles, traditions, and respect in their society as portrayed in the novel Things Fall Apart. In the Igbo culture, men gain status and power through achievements like wrestling, wealth, titles, and the number of wives they have. Their society is patriarchal and places emphasis on masculinity and the power of men who receive titles or are warriors.
The document provides an overview of practices and rituals in African Traditional Religions (ATR). Some key points summarized:
1) Rituals include libation, sacrifice, divination, and consultation with deities/spirits to seek guidance. There is also a belief in reincarnation and a dualism between the physical and spiritual self.
2) Divination methods include casting bones, shells, or other objects to predict the future. Healers and rainmakers are also important religious roles.
3) Sacred natural places like trees and mountains are sites for rituals. Rituals are often tied to the agricultural cycle and life events. Secret societies also play a role in some religions.
Urum is an agrarian community in Anambra State, Nigeria. According to oral tradition, Urum was founded by Upata, a farmer and hunter who settled the land and named one of his farms Umueri. Upata had six children, and his descendant Urum had four children - Akaeze, Ifiteora, Umuife, and Akitinyi - who founded the four villages of Urum. Marriage in Urum tradition is a lengthy process involving getting consent, investigation by a middleman, testing the bride's character, and paying the bride price.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
The document summarizes the cultural characteristics of the Ibo people who lived in the region of modern-day Nigeria. The Ibo were predominantly farmers who based their society around agriculture and religion. They had a polytheistic religion and a social structure organized around yam cultivation. Family units typically lived in separate dwellings and marriages were arranged through agreements between families.
1. The document discusses various rituals and cultural practices among the Jupathola people of Uganda surrounding twins from birth through different stages of life like naming, puberty, marriage, death, and more.
2. It provides details on rituals performed at birth like cleansing and confinement of the mother and twins. Names are given depending on sex and birth order.
3. The document also examines rituals, songs, and sayings associated with naming twins, puberty initiation, marriage arrangements, and burial practices that are different than for non-twins. Maintaining cultural traditions is an important part of Jupathola society.
The Federal Republic of Nigeria is located in Western Africa between Benin and Cameroon. It has a population of over 170 million people, making it the most populated country in Africa. Nigeria has over 250 ethnic groups and the main religions are Islam and Christianity. English is the official language, though Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo and other native languages are also widely spoken. Nigeria was a British colony and gained independence in 1960. It is now a democratic federal republic with Abuja as its capital.
Running Head ETHNOCENTRISM AND CULTURAL RELATIVISM .docxjeanettehully
This document discusses ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. It begins by defining ethnocentrism as judging other cultures based primarily on the standards of one's own culture. It then defines cultural relativism as understanding and evaluating other cultures based on their own cultural context and standards rather than one's own. The document then discusses the author's own Yoruba culture in Nigeria, providing details on traditions, customs, and practices. It notes how the author has held some ethnocentric views but now believes no culture is superior and cultural differences should be appreciated and understood rather than judged.
The document discusses aspects of Igbo culture such as the importance of titles, traditions, and respect in their society as portrayed in the novel Things Fall Apart. In the Igbo culture, men gain status and power through achievements like wrestling, wealth, titles, and the number of wives they have. Their society is patriarchal and places emphasis on masculinity and the power of men who receive titles or are warriors.
The document provides an overview of practices and rituals in African Traditional Religions (ATR). Some key points summarized:
1) Rituals include libation, sacrifice, divination, and consultation with deities/spirits to seek guidance. There is also a belief in reincarnation and a dualism between the physical and spiritual self.
2) Divination methods include casting bones, shells, or other objects to predict the future. Healers and rainmakers are also important religious roles.
3) Sacred natural places like trees and mountains are sites for rituals. Rituals are often tied to the agricultural cycle and life events. Secret societies also play a role in some religions.
Urum is an agrarian community in Anambra State, Nigeria. According to oral tradition, Urum was founded by Upata, a farmer and hunter who settled the land and named one of his farms Umueri. Upata had six children, and his descendant Urum had four children - Akaeze, Ifiteora, Umuife, and Akitinyi - who founded the four villages of Urum. Marriage in Urum tradition is a lengthy process involving getting consent, investigation by a middleman, testing the bride's character, and paying the bride price.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
The document summarizes the cultural characteristics of the Ibo people who lived in the region of modern-day Nigeria. The Ibo were predominantly farmers who based their society around agriculture and religion. They had a polytheistic religion and a social structure organized around yam cultivation. Family units typically lived in separate dwellings and marriages were arranged through agreements between families.
1. The document discusses various rituals and cultural practices among the Jupathola people of Uganda surrounding twins from birth through different stages of life like naming, puberty, marriage, death, and more.
2. It provides details on rituals performed at birth like cleansing and confinement of the mother and twins. Names are given depending on sex and birth order.
3. The document also examines rituals, songs, and sayings associated with naming twins, puberty initiation, marriage arrangements, and burial practices that are different than for non-twins. Maintaining cultural traditions is an important part of Jupathola society.
The Federal Republic of Nigeria is located in Western Africa between Benin and Cameroon. It has a population of over 170 million people, making it the most populated country in Africa. Nigeria has over 250 ethnic groups and the main religions are Islam and Christianity. English is the official language, though Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo and other native languages are also widely spoken. Nigeria was a British colony and gained independence in 1960. It is now a democratic federal republic with Abuja as its capital.
Running Head ETHNOCENTRISM AND CULTURAL RELATIVISM .docxjeanettehully
This document discusses ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. It begins by defining ethnocentrism as judging other cultures based primarily on the standards of one's own culture. It then defines cultural relativism as understanding and evaluating other cultures based on their own cultural context and standards rather than one's own. The document then discusses the author's own Yoruba culture in Nigeria, providing details on traditions, customs, and practices. It notes how the author has held some ethnocentric views but now believes no culture is superior and cultural differences should be appreciated and understood rather than judged.
M3 ch12 discussionConnecting Eligible Immigrant Families to Heal.docxjeremylockett77
M3 ch12 discussion
Connecting Eligible Immigrant Families to Health Coverage
Instructions:
Read the report
Connecting Eligible Immigrant Families to Health Coverage and Care
.
Write a one page post offering solutions to the problem from the nurse's standpoint.
.
Loudres eats powdered doughnuts for breakfast and chocolate that sh.docxjeremylockett77
Loudres eats powdered doughnuts for breakfast and chocolate that she can get out of the vending machines before class. Between classes , she grabs some chips and a caffine drink for lunch. By the end of the day, she is exhauted and cannot study very long before she falls asleep for a few hours. Then, she stays up untils 2.A.M to finish her work and take care of things she could not do during the day. She feels that she has to eat sugary foods and caffeinated drinks to keep her schedule going and to fit in all her activities. What advice would you give her?
.
Lori Goler is the head of People at Facebook. Janelle Gal.docxjeremylockett77
Lori Goler is the head
of People at Facebook.
Janelle Gale is the head
of HR Business Partners
at Facebook. Adam Grant
is a professor at Wharton,
a Facebook consultant,
and the author of Originals
and Give and Take.
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Let’s Not Kill
Performance
Evaluations Yet
Facebook’s experience shows
why they can still be valuable.
BY LORI GOLER, JANELLE GALE, AND ADAM GRANT
November 2016 Harvard Business Review 91
LET’S NOT KILL PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS YET
tThe reality is, even when companies get rid of performance evaluations, ratings still exist. Employees just can’t see them. Ratings are done sub-jectively, behind the scenes, and without input from the people being evaluated.
Performance is the value of employees’ contribu-
tions to the organization over time. And that value
needs to be assessed in some way. Decisions about
pay and promotions have to be made. As research-
ers pointed out in a recent debate in Industrial and
Organizational Psychology, “Performance is always
rated in some manner.” If you don’t have formal
evaluations, the ratings will be hidden in a black box.
At Facebook we analyzed our performance man-
agement system a few years ago. We conducted fo-
cus groups and a follow-up survey with more than
300 people. The feedback was clear: 87% of people
wanted to keep performance ratings.
Yes, performance evaluations have costs—but
they have benefits, too. We decided to hang on
to them for three reasons: fairness, transparency,
and development.
Making Things Fair
We all want performance evaluations to be fair. That
isn’t always the outcome, but as more than 9,000
managers and employees reported in a global sur-
vey by CEB, not having evaluations is worse. Every
organization has people who are unhappy with their
bonuses or disappointed that they weren’t pro-
moted. But research has long shown that when the
process is fair, employees are more willing to accept
undesirable outcomes. A fair process exists when
evaluators are credible and motivated to get it right,
and employees have a voice. Without evaluations,
people are left in the dark about who is gauging their
contributions and how.
At Facebook, to mitigate bias and do things sys-
tematically, we start by having peers write evalua-
tions. They share them not just with managers but
also, in most cases, with one another—which reflects
the company’s core values of openness and transpar-
ency. Then decisions are made about performance:
Managers sit together and discuss their reports
face-to-face, defending and championing, debating
and deliberating, and incorporating peer feedback.
Here the goal is to minimize the “idiosyncratic rater
effect”—also known as personal opinion. People
aren’t unduly punished when individual managers
are hard graders or unfairly rewarded when they’re
easy graders.
Next managers write the performance reviews.
We have a team of analysts who examine evalua-
tions f.
Looking for someone to take these two documents- annotated bibliogra.docxjeremylockett77
Looking for someone to take these two documents- annotated bibliography and an issue review(outline)
to conduct an argumentative paper about WHY PEOPLE SHOULD GET THE COVID-19 VACCINE
Requirements:
Length: 4-6 pages (not including title page or references page)
1-inch margins
Double spaced
12-point Times New Roman font
Title page
References page
.
Lorryn Tardy – critique to my persuasive essayFor this assignm.docxjeremylockett77
Lorryn Tardy – critique to my persuasive essay
For this assignment I’ll be workshopping the work of Lisa Oll-Adikankwu. Lisa has chosen the topic of Assisted Suicide; she is against the practice and argues that it should be considered unethical and universally illegal.
Lisa appears to have a good understanding of the topic. Her sources are well researched and discuss a variety of key points from seemingly unbiased sources. Her sources are current, peer reviewed and based on statistical data.
Lisa’s summaries are well written, clear and concise. One thing I noticed is that the majority of her writing plan is summarized and cited at the end of each paragraph. I might suggest that she integrate more synthesis of the different sources, by combining evidence from more than one source per paragraph and using more in text citations or direct quotes to reinforce her key points.
I think that basic credentialing information could be provided for Lisa’s sources, this is something that looking back, I need to add as well. I think this could easily be done with just a simple “(Authors name, and their title, i.e. author, statistician, physician etc.…)”, when the source is introduced into the paper might provide a reinforced credibility of the source.
As far as connection of sources, as previously mentioned, I think that in order to illustrate a stronger argument, using multiple sources to reinforce a single key point would solidify Lisa’s argument. I feel that more evidence provided from a variety of different sources, will provide the reader with a stronger sense of credibility and less room for bias that could be argued if the point is only credited to one source.
One area that stuck out to me for counter argument, being that my paper is in favor of this issue, is in paragraph two where Lisa states that “physicians are not supposed to kill patients or help them kill themselves, and terminally ill patients are not in a position of making rational decisions about their lives.” I’d like to offer my argument for this particular statement. In states where assisted suicide (or as I prefer to refer to it, assisted dying) is legal, there are several criteria that a patient has to meet in order to be considered a candidate. These criteria include second, even third opinions to determine that death is imminent, as well psychological evaluation(s) and an extensive informed consent process that is a collaborative effort between the patient, the patient’s family, physicians, psychologists and nurses. It is a process that takes weeks to months. Patients that wish to be a candidate, should initiate the process as soon as they have been diagnosed by seeking a second opinion. As an emergency room nurse, I have been present for a substantial amount of diagnoses that are ‘likely’ terminal. Many of these patients presented to the emergency for a common ailment and have no indication that they don’t have the capacity to make such a decision. Receiving a terminal diagnos.
M450 Mission Command SystemGeneral forum instructions Answ.docxjeremylockett77
M450 Mission Command: System
General forum instructions: Answer the questions below and provide evidence to support your claims (See attached slides). Your answers should be derived primarily from course content. When citing sources, use APA style. Your initial posts should be approximately 150-500 words.
1. Describe and explain two of the Warfighting Functions.
2. How do commanders exercise the Command and Control System?
.
Lymphedema following breast cancer The importance of surgic.docxjeremylockett77
Lymphedema following breast cancer: The importance of
surgical methods and obesity
Rebecca J. Tsai, PhDa,*, Leslie K. Dennis, PhDa,b, Charles F. Lynch, MD, PhDa, Linda G.
Snetselaar, RD, PhD, LDa, Gideon K.D. Zamba, PhDc, and Carol Scott-Conner, MD, PhD,
MBAd
aDepartment of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
bDivision of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Arizona,
Tucson, AZ, USA.
cDepartment of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
dDepartment of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer-related arm lymphedema is a serious complication that can
adversely affect quality of life. Identifying risk factors that contribute to the development of
lymphedema is vital for identifying avenues for prevention. The aim of this study was to examine
the association between the development of arm lymphedema and both treatment and personal
(e.g., obesity) risk factors.
Methods: Women diagnosed with breast cancer in Iowa during 2004 and followed through 2010,
who met eligibility criteria, were asked to complete a short computer assisted telephone interview
about chronic conditions, arm activities, demographics, and lymphedema status. Lymphedema was
characterized by a reported physician-diagnosis, a difference between arms in the circumference
(> 2cm), or the presence of multiple self-reported arm symptoms (at least two of five major arm
symptoms, and at least four total arm symptoms). Relative risks (RR) were estimated using
logistic regression.
Results: Arm lymphedema was identified in 102 of 522 participants (19.5%). Participants treated
by both axillary dissection and radiation therapy were more likely to have arm lymphedema than
treated by either alone. Women with advanced cancer stage, positive nodes, and larger tumors
along with a body mass index > 40 were also more likely to develop lymphedema. Arm activity
level was not associated with lymphedema.
*Correspondence and Reprints to: Rebecca Tsai, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway,
R-17, Cincinnati, OH 45226. [email protected] Phone: (513)841-4398. Fax: (513) 841-4489.
Authorship contribution
All authors contributed to the conception, design, drafting, revision, and the final review of this manuscript.
Competing interest
Conflicts of Interest and Source of Funding: This study was funded by the National Cancer Institute Grant Number: 5R03CA130031.
All authors do not declare any conflict of interest.
All authors do not declare any conflict of interest.
HHS Public Access
Author manuscript
Front Womens Health. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2018 December 14.
Published in final edited form as:
Front Womens Health. 2018 June ; 3(2): .
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Love Beyond Wallshttpswww.lovebeyondwalls.orgProvid.docxjeremylockett77
Love Beyond Walls
https://www.
lovebeyondwalls
.org
Provide a brief background of your chosen nonprofit entity using evidence from their publications or any other published materials. Then evaluate the factors, which may include economic, political, historic, cultural, institutional conditions, and changes that contributed to the creation and growth (decline) of the nonprofit organization. Justify your response.
.
Longevity PresentationThe purpose of this assignment is to exami.docxjeremylockett77
Longevity Presentation
The purpose of this assignment is to examine societal norms regarding aging and to integrate the concepts of aging well and living well into an active aging framework that promotes longevity.
Using concepts from the Hooyman and Kiyak (2011) text and the Buettner (2012) book, consider the various perspectives on aging.
Identify the underlying values or assumptions that serve as the basis for longevity, including cultural, religious, and philosophical ideas.
Present an overview of three holistic aging theories.
Integrate the values, assumptions, and theories to indicate what is necessary for an active aging framework where individuals both live well and age well.
Presentations should be 10-15 minutes in length, use visual aids, and incorporate references from the course texts and 5 additional scholarly journal articles.
.
Look again at the CDCs Web page about ADHD.In 150-200 w.docxjeremylockett77
The CDC's page on ADHD aims to educate the general public about Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder by providing facts and information on symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It presents ADHD as a real disorder with neurological causes in order to increase understanding and help those affected. As the nation's leading health protection agency, the CDC's role is to inform the public about health issues like ADHD.
M8-22 ANALYTICS o TEAMS • ORGANIZATIONS • SKILLS .fÿy.docxjeremylockett77
M8-22 ANALYTICS o TEAMS • ORGANIZATIONS • SKILLS .fÿy' ÿ,oÿ ()V)g
The Strategy That Wouldn't Travel
by Michael C. Beer
It was 6:45 P.M. Karen Jimenez was reviewing the
notes on her team-based productMty project tbr
what seemed like the hundredth time. I31 two days,
she was scheduled to present a report to the senior
management group on the project's progress. She
wasn't at all sure what she was going to say.
The project was designed to improve productiv-
it3, and morale at each plant owned and operated by
Acme Minerals Extraction Company. Phase one--
implemented in early 1995 at the site in Wichita,
I(amsas--looked like a stunning, success by the mid-
dle of 1996. Productivity and mo[ÿale soared, and
operating and maintenance costs decreased signifi-
cantly. But four months ago, Jimenez tried to
duplicate the results at the project's second
target--the plant in Lubbock, Texas--and some-
thing went wrong. The techniques that had worked
so well in Wichita met with only moderate success
in Lubbock. ProductMty improved marginally and
costs went down a bit, but morale actually seemed
to deteriorate slightl): Jimenez was stumped,
approach to teamwork and change. As it turned
out, he had proved a good choice. Daniels was a
hands-on, high-energy, charismatic businessman
who seemed to enjoy media attention. Within his
first year as CEO, he had pretty much righted the
floundering company by selling oft:some unrelated
lines of business. He had also created the share-
services deparnnent--an internal consulting organ-
ization providing change management, reengineer-
ing, total quailB, management, and other
services--and had rapped Jimenez to head the
group. Her first priority Daniels told her, would be
to improve productiviB, and morale at the com-
pany's five extraction sites. None of them were
meeting their projections. And although Wichita
was the only site at which the labor-management
conflict was painfiflly apparent, Daniels and Jimenez
both thought that morale needed an all-around
boost. Hence the team-based productivity project.
She tried to "helicopter up" and think about
the problem in the broad context of the com-
pany's history. A few ),ears ago, Acme had been in
bad financial shape, but what had really brought
things to a head--and had led to her current
dilemma--was a labor relations problem. Acme
had a wide variety of labor requirements For its
operations. The company used highly sophisti-
cated technologB employing geologists, geophysi-
cists, and engineers on what was referred to as the
"brains" side of the business, as well as skilled and
semi-skilled labor on the "brawn" side to run the
extraction operations. And in the summer of
1994, brains and brawn clashed in an embarrass-
ingly public way. A number of engineers at the
Wichita plant locked several union workers out of
the offices in 100-degree heat. Although most
Acme employees now felt that the incident had
been blown out of propo,'tion by the press, .
Lombosoro theory.In week 4, you learned about the importance.docxjeremylockett77
Lombosoro theory.
In week 4, you learned about the importance of theory, the various theoretical perspectives and the ways in which theory help guide research in regards to crime and criminal behavior.
To put this assignment into context, I want you to think about how Lombroso thought one could identify a criminal. He said that criminals had similar facial features. If that was the case you would be able to look at someone and know if they were a criminal! Social theories infer that perhaps it is the social structures around us that encourage criminality. Look around your city- what structures do you think may match up to something you have learned about this week in terms of theory? These are just two small examples to put this assignment into context for you. The idea is to learn about the theories, then critically think about how can one "show" the theory without providing written explanation for their chosen image.
Directions: With the readings week 4 in mind, please do the following:
1. Choose a theoretical perspective (I.e., biological, psychological sociological)
2. Look through media images (this can be cartoons, magazines, newspapers, internet stories, etc...) and select 10 images that you think depict your chosen theory without written explanation.
3. Provide a one paragraph statement of your theory, what kinds of behavior it explains and how it is depicted through images. Be sure to use resources to support your answer.
4. You will copy and paste your images into a word document, along with your paragraph. You do not need to cite where you got your images, but you do need to cite any information you have in number 3.
Format Directions:
Typed, 12 point font, double spaced
APA format style (Cover page, in text citations and references)
.
Looking over the initial material on the definitions of philosophy i.docxjeremylockett77
Looking over the initial material on the definitions of philosophy in
the course content section, which definition (Aristotle, Novalis,
Wittgenstein) would you say gives you the best feel for philosophy? What
is it about the definition that interests you? do you find there to be any problems with the definition? what other questions do you have regarding the meaning of philosophy?
ARISTOTLE :
Definition 1: Philosophy begins with wonder. (Aristotle)
Our study of philosophy will begin with the ancient Greeks. This is not because the Greeks were necessarily the first to philosophize. They were the first to address philosophical questions in a systematic manner. Also, the bodies of works which survive from the Greeks is quite substantial so in studying philosophy we have a lot to go on if we start with the Greeks.
Philosophy is, in fact, a Greek word. Philo is one of the Greek words for love: in this case the friendship type of love. (What other words can you think of that have "philo" as a part?) Sophia, has a few different uses in Greek. Capitalized it is the name of a woman or a Goddess: wisdom. Philosophy, then, etymologically, (that is from its roots) means love of wisdom.
But what exactly is wisdom? Is it merely knowledge? Intelligence? If I know how to perform a given skill does this necessarily imply that I also have wisdom or am wise?
The word "wise" is not in fact a Greek word. Remember for the Greeks that's "Sophia". Wise is Indo-European and is related to words like "vision", "video", "Veda" (the Indian Holy scriptures). The root has something to do with seeing. Wisdom then has to do with applying our knowledge in a meaningful and practically beneficial way. Perhaps this is the reason why philosophy is associated with the aged. Aristotle believes that philosophy in fact is more suitably studied by the old rather than the young who are inclined to be controlled by the emotions. Do you think this is correct? Nevertheless, whether Aristotle is correct or not, typically the elderly are more likely to be wise as they have more experience of life: they have seen more and hopefully know how to respond correctly to various situations.
Philosophy is not merely confined to the old. Aristotle also says that philosophy begins with wonder and that all people desire to know. Children often are paradigm cases of wondering. Think about how children (perhaps a young sibling or a son or daughter, niece or nephew of your acquaintance) inquistively ask their parents "why" certain things are the case? If the child receives a satisfying answer, one that fits, she is satisfied. If not there is dissatisfaction and frustration. Children assume that their elders know more than they do and thus rely on them for the answers. Though there is a familiar cliche that ignorance is bliss, (perhaps what is meant by this is that ignorance of evil is bliss), Aristotle sees ignorance as painful, a wonder that I would rather fill with knowledge. After all wha.
Lucky Iron Fish
By: Ashley Snook
Professor Phillips
MGMT 350
Spring 2018
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
Introduction
Human Relations Theory
Communications Issues
Intercultural Relations
Ethics Issues
Conclusion
Works Cited
Executive Summary
The B-certified organization that I chose is Lucky Iron Fish Enterprise which is located in Guelph, Ontario Canada. The company distributes iron fish that are designed to solve iron deficiency and anemia for the two billion people who are affected worldwide.
The human relations model is comprised of McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, and theories from Peters and Waterman. These factors focus on the organizational structure of the company as it relates to the executives, the staff, and the customers. The executives provide meaningful jobs for the staff which gives them high levels of job satisfaction. Together, they are able to provide a product that satisfies the thousands of customers they have already reached.
Communication in this company flows smoothly. They implement open communication, encourage participation, and have high levels of trust among employees. Each of their departments are interconnected through teamwork.
Their intercultural relations, although successful, require a significant amount of time. They need to emphasize to the high context cultures that they are willing to understand their culture and possibly adopt some aspects of it. Additionally, they face barriers such as language dissimilarity and lack of physical store locations.
Ethics remains a top priority for this organization. They have high ethical standards that are integrated into their operations. They make decisions that do the most good for the most people, they do not take into consideration financial or political influence, and they strive to protect the environment through their sustainability measures.
Every employee is dedicated to improving the lives of those who suffer from iron deficiency
and anemia. As their organization grows, they continue to impact thousands of lives around the world. They are on a mission to put “a fish in every pot” (Lucky Iron Fish).
Introduction
Lucky Iron Fish, located in Guelph Canada, is a company that is dedicated to ending worldwide iron deficiency and anemia. They do this by providing families with iron fish that release iron when heated in food or water. They sell this product in developed countries in order to support their business model of buy one give one. Each time an iron fish is purchased, one is donated to a family in a developing country. They designed their product to resemble the kantrop fish of Cambodia; in their culture this fish is a symbol of luck. Another focus of theirs is to remain sustainable, scalable, and impactful (Lucky Iron Fish). Each of their products is made from recycled material and their packaging is biodegradable. Their organization has a horizontal stru.
Lucky Iron FishBy Ashley SnookMGMT 350Spring 2018ht.docxjeremylockett77
Lucky Iron Fish
By: Ashley Snook
MGMT 350
Spring 2018
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G6Rx3wDqTuI
Table of Contents
Case Overview
Introduction
Human Relations
Communications
Intercultural Relations
Ethics
Conclusion
Works Cited
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iY0D-PIcgB4
Video ends at 1:45
2
Case Overview
Company located in Guleph, Ontario Canada
Mission is to end iron deficiency and anemia
A fish in every pot
Gavin Armstrong, Founder/CEO
Introduction
Idea originated in Cambodia
Distribute fish through buy one give one model
Sustainable, scalable, impactful
Human Relations
McGregor’s Theory X and Y
-X: employees focused solely on financial gain
-Y: strive to improve worldwide health
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
-Affiliation: desire to be part of a unit, motivated by connections
-Self-esteem: recognition for positive impact
Peters and Waterman
-Close relations to the customer
-Simple form & lean staff
Communications
Time and Distance
-Make product easily and quickly accessible
Communication Culture
-Encourages active participation
Teamwork
-Each role complements the overall mission
Gavin Armstrong Kate Mercer Mark Halpren Melissa Saunders Ashley Leone
Founder & CEO VP Marketing Chief Financial Officer Logistics Specialist Dietician
Intercultural Relations
High/Low Context
-Targets high context cultures
Barriers
-Language dissimilarity
Overcoming Barriers
-Hire a translator
Ethics
Utilitarianism
-Targets countries where majority of people will benefit
Veil of Ignorance
-Not concerned with financial influence
Categorical Imperative
-Accept projects only if environmentally friendly
Conclusion
Buy one give one model
Expansion
Sustainability
Works Cited
Guffey, Mary. “Essentials of Business Communication.” Ohio: Erin Joyner. 2008. Print.
“Lucky Iron Fish.” Lucky Iron Fish. Accessed 30 May 2018. https://luckyironfish.com/
“Lucky Iron Fish Enterprise.” B Corporation.net. Accessed 30 May 2018. https://www.bcorporation.net/community/lucky-iron-fish-enterprise
Lucky Iron Fish. “Lucky Iron Fish: A Simple
Solution
for a global problem.” Youtube. 28 October 2014. Accessed 4 June 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iY0D-PIcgB4
“Lucky little fish to fight iron deficiency among women in Cambodia.” Grand Challenges Canada. Accessed 6 June 2018. http://www.grandchallenges.ca/grantee-stars/0355-05-30/
Podder, Api. “Lucky Iron Fish Wins 2016 Big Innovation Award.” SocialNews.com. 5 February 2016. Accessed 4 June 2018. http://mysocialgoodnews.com/lucky-iron-fish-wins-2016-big-innovation-award/
Zaremba, Alan. “Organizational Communication.” New York: Oxford University Press Inc. 2010. Print.
Lucky Iron Fish
By: Ashley Snook
Professor Phillips
MGMT 350.
look for a article that talks about some type of police activity a.docxjeremylockett77
look for a article that talks about some type of police activity and create PowerPoint and base on the history describe
-What is the role of a police officer in society? (general statement )
-how are they viewed by society?
what is the role of the police in this case?
how it is seems by society?
Article
An unbelievable History of Rape
An 18-year-old said she was attacked at knifepoint. Then she said she made it up. That’s where our story begins.
by T. Christian Miller, ProPublica and Ken Armstrong, The Marshall Project December 16, 2015
https://www.propublica.org/article/false-rape-accusations-an-unbelievable-story
.
Look at the Code of Ethics for at least two professional agencies, .docxjeremylockett77
Look at the Code of Ethics for at least two professional agencies, federal agencies, or laws that would apply to Health IT professionals. In two pages (not including the reference list), compare and contrast these standards. How much overlap did you find? Is one reference more specific than the other? Does one likely fit a broader audience, etc... Would you add anything to either of these documents?
.
Locate an example for 5 of the 12 following types of communica.docxjeremylockett77
Locate
an example for 5 of the 12 following types of communication genres:
Business card
Resume/CV
Rules and regulations
Policy handbook
Policy manual
Policy guide
Policy or departmental memorandum
Public policy report
Government grant
Government proposal
Departmental brochure or recruitment materials
Governmental agency social media (Twitter, Facebook, etc...)
Write
a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper in which you refer to your examples for each of the above listed communication genres. Be sure to address the following in your paper:
How does the purpose of the communication relate to the particular communication genre? In what ways does the genre help readers grasp information quickly and effectively? In what way is the genre similar or different than the other genres you chose?
What role has technology played in the development of the genre? How is it similar or different than the other genres you chose?
How does the use of these conventions promote understanding for the intended audience of the communication? How is it similar or different than the other genres you chose?
Is the communication intended for external or internal distribution? Describe ethical and privacy considerations used for determining an appropriate method of distribution. How is it similar or different than the other genres you chose?
Cite
at least three academic sources in your paper.
Format
your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
.
Locate and read the other teams’ group project reports (located .docxjeremylockett77
Locate and read the other teams’ group project reports (located in Doc Sharing).
Provide some comments for two reports in terms of what you think they did right, what you learned from these reports, as well as what else they could have done.
In addition, read the comments that other students made about your team’s report and respond to at least one of them.
Review ATTACHMENTS!!!!
.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
M3 ch12 discussionConnecting Eligible Immigrant Families to Heal.docxjeremylockett77
M3 ch12 discussion
Connecting Eligible Immigrant Families to Health Coverage
Instructions:
Read the report
Connecting Eligible Immigrant Families to Health Coverage and Care
.
Write a one page post offering solutions to the problem from the nurse's standpoint.
.
Loudres eats powdered doughnuts for breakfast and chocolate that sh.docxjeremylockett77
Loudres eats powdered doughnuts for breakfast and chocolate that she can get out of the vending machines before class. Between classes , she grabs some chips and a caffine drink for lunch. By the end of the day, she is exhauted and cannot study very long before she falls asleep for a few hours. Then, she stays up untils 2.A.M to finish her work and take care of things she could not do during the day. She feels that she has to eat sugary foods and caffeinated drinks to keep her schedule going and to fit in all her activities. What advice would you give her?
.
Lori Goler is the head of People at Facebook. Janelle Gal.docxjeremylockett77
Lori Goler is the head
of People at Facebook.
Janelle Gale is the head
of HR Business Partners
at Facebook. Adam Grant
is a professor at Wharton,
a Facebook consultant,
and the author of Originals
and Give and Take.
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HBR.ORG
Let’s Not Kill
Performance
Evaluations Yet
Facebook’s experience shows
why they can still be valuable.
BY LORI GOLER, JANELLE GALE, AND ADAM GRANT
November 2016 Harvard Business Review 91
LET’S NOT KILL PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS YET
tThe reality is, even when companies get rid of performance evaluations, ratings still exist. Employees just can’t see them. Ratings are done sub-jectively, behind the scenes, and without input from the people being evaluated.
Performance is the value of employees’ contribu-
tions to the organization over time. And that value
needs to be assessed in some way. Decisions about
pay and promotions have to be made. As research-
ers pointed out in a recent debate in Industrial and
Organizational Psychology, “Performance is always
rated in some manner.” If you don’t have formal
evaluations, the ratings will be hidden in a black box.
At Facebook we analyzed our performance man-
agement system a few years ago. We conducted fo-
cus groups and a follow-up survey with more than
300 people. The feedback was clear: 87% of people
wanted to keep performance ratings.
Yes, performance evaluations have costs—but
they have benefits, too. We decided to hang on
to them for three reasons: fairness, transparency,
and development.
Making Things Fair
We all want performance evaluations to be fair. That
isn’t always the outcome, but as more than 9,000
managers and employees reported in a global sur-
vey by CEB, not having evaluations is worse. Every
organization has people who are unhappy with their
bonuses or disappointed that they weren’t pro-
moted. But research has long shown that when the
process is fair, employees are more willing to accept
undesirable outcomes. A fair process exists when
evaluators are credible and motivated to get it right,
and employees have a voice. Without evaluations,
people are left in the dark about who is gauging their
contributions and how.
At Facebook, to mitigate bias and do things sys-
tematically, we start by having peers write evalua-
tions. They share them not just with managers but
also, in most cases, with one another—which reflects
the company’s core values of openness and transpar-
ency. Then decisions are made about performance:
Managers sit together and discuss their reports
face-to-face, defending and championing, debating
and deliberating, and incorporating peer feedback.
Here the goal is to minimize the “idiosyncratic rater
effect”—also known as personal opinion. People
aren’t unduly punished when individual managers
are hard graders or unfairly rewarded when they’re
easy graders.
Next managers write the performance reviews.
We have a team of analysts who examine evalua-
tions f.
Looking for someone to take these two documents- annotated bibliogra.docxjeremylockett77
Looking for someone to take these two documents- annotated bibliography and an issue review(outline)
to conduct an argumentative paper about WHY PEOPLE SHOULD GET THE COVID-19 VACCINE
Requirements:
Length: 4-6 pages (not including title page or references page)
1-inch margins
Double spaced
12-point Times New Roman font
Title page
References page
.
Lorryn Tardy – critique to my persuasive essayFor this assignm.docxjeremylockett77
Lorryn Tardy – critique to my persuasive essay
For this assignment I’ll be workshopping the work of Lisa Oll-Adikankwu. Lisa has chosen the topic of Assisted Suicide; she is against the practice and argues that it should be considered unethical and universally illegal.
Lisa appears to have a good understanding of the topic. Her sources are well researched and discuss a variety of key points from seemingly unbiased sources. Her sources are current, peer reviewed and based on statistical data.
Lisa’s summaries are well written, clear and concise. One thing I noticed is that the majority of her writing plan is summarized and cited at the end of each paragraph. I might suggest that she integrate more synthesis of the different sources, by combining evidence from more than one source per paragraph and using more in text citations or direct quotes to reinforce her key points.
I think that basic credentialing information could be provided for Lisa’s sources, this is something that looking back, I need to add as well. I think this could easily be done with just a simple “(Authors name, and their title, i.e. author, statistician, physician etc.…)”, when the source is introduced into the paper might provide a reinforced credibility of the source.
As far as connection of sources, as previously mentioned, I think that in order to illustrate a stronger argument, using multiple sources to reinforce a single key point would solidify Lisa’s argument. I feel that more evidence provided from a variety of different sources, will provide the reader with a stronger sense of credibility and less room for bias that could be argued if the point is only credited to one source.
One area that stuck out to me for counter argument, being that my paper is in favor of this issue, is in paragraph two where Lisa states that “physicians are not supposed to kill patients or help them kill themselves, and terminally ill patients are not in a position of making rational decisions about their lives.” I’d like to offer my argument for this particular statement. In states where assisted suicide (or as I prefer to refer to it, assisted dying) is legal, there are several criteria that a patient has to meet in order to be considered a candidate. These criteria include second, even third opinions to determine that death is imminent, as well psychological evaluation(s) and an extensive informed consent process that is a collaborative effort between the patient, the patient’s family, physicians, psychologists and nurses. It is a process that takes weeks to months. Patients that wish to be a candidate, should initiate the process as soon as they have been diagnosed by seeking a second opinion. As an emergency room nurse, I have been present for a substantial amount of diagnoses that are ‘likely’ terminal. Many of these patients presented to the emergency for a common ailment and have no indication that they don’t have the capacity to make such a decision. Receiving a terminal diagnos.
M450 Mission Command SystemGeneral forum instructions Answ.docxjeremylockett77
M450 Mission Command: System
General forum instructions: Answer the questions below and provide evidence to support your claims (See attached slides). Your answers should be derived primarily from course content. When citing sources, use APA style. Your initial posts should be approximately 150-500 words.
1. Describe and explain two of the Warfighting Functions.
2. How do commanders exercise the Command and Control System?
.
Lymphedema following breast cancer The importance of surgic.docxjeremylockett77
Lymphedema following breast cancer: The importance of
surgical methods and obesity
Rebecca J. Tsai, PhDa,*, Leslie K. Dennis, PhDa,b, Charles F. Lynch, MD, PhDa, Linda G.
Snetselaar, RD, PhD, LDa, Gideon K.D. Zamba, PhDc, and Carol Scott-Conner, MD, PhD,
MBAd
aDepartment of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
bDivision of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Arizona,
Tucson, AZ, USA.
cDepartment of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
dDepartment of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer-related arm lymphedema is a serious complication that can
adversely affect quality of life. Identifying risk factors that contribute to the development of
lymphedema is vital for identifying avenues for prevention. The aim of this study was to examine
the association between the development of arm lymphedema and both treatment and personal
(e.g., obesity) risk factors.
Methods: Women diagnosed with breast cancer in Iowa during 2004 and followed through 2010,
who met eligibility criteria, were asked to complete a short computer assisted telephone interview
about chronic conditions, arm activities, demographics, and lymphedema status. Lymphedema was
characterized by a reported physician-diagnosis, a difference between arms in the circumference
(> 2cm), or the presence of multiple self-reported arm symptoms (at least two of five major arm
symptoms, and at least four total arm symptoms). Relative risks (RR) were estimated using
logistic regression.
Results: Arm lymphedema was identified in 102 of 522 participants (19.5%). Participants treated
by both axillary dissection and radiation therapy were more likely to have arm lymphedema than
treated by either alone. Women with advanced cancer stage, positive nodes, and larger tumors
along with a body mass index > 40 were also more likely to develop lymphedema. Arm activity
level was not associated with lymphedema.
*Correspondence and Reprints to: Rebecca Tsai, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway,
R-17, Cincinnati, OH 45226. [email protected] Phone: (513)841-4398. Fax: (513) 841-4489.
Authorship contribution
All authors contributed to the conception, design, drafting, revision, and the final review of this manuscript.
Competing interest
Conflicts of Interest and Source of Funding: This study was funded by the National Cancer Institute Grant Number: 5R03CA130031.
All authors do not declare any conflict of interest.
All authors do not declare any conflict of interest.
HHS Public Access
Author manuscript
Front Womens Health. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2018 December 14.
Published in final edited form as:
Front Womens Health. 2018 June ; 3(2): .
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Love Beyond Wallshttpswww.lovebeyondwalls.orgProvid.docxjeremylockett77
Love Beyond Walls
https://www.
lovebeyondwalls
.org
Provide a brief background of your chosen nonprofit entity using evidence from their publications or any other published materials. Then evaluate the factors, which may include economic, political, historic, cultural, institutional conditions, and changes that contributed to the creation and growth (decline) of the nonprofit organization. Justify your response.
.
Longevity PresentationThe purpose of this assignment is to exami.docxjeremylockett77
Longevity Presentation
The purpose of this assignment is to examine societal norms regarding aging and to integrate the concepts of aging well and living well into an active aging framework that promotes longevity.
Using concepts from the Hooyman and Kiyak (2011) text and the Buettner (2012) book, consider the various perspectives on aging.
Identify the underlying values or assumptions that serve as the basis for longevity, including cultural, religious, and philosophical ideas.
Present an overview of three holistic aging theories.
Integrate the values, assumptions, and theories to indicate what is necessary for an active aging framework where individuals both live well and age well.
Presentations should be 10-15 minutes in length, use visual aids, and incorporate references from the course texts and 5 additional scholarly journal articles.
.
Look again at the CDCs Web page about ADHD.In 150-200 w.docxjeremylockett77
The CDC's page on ADHD aims to educate the general public about Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder by providing facts and information on symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It presents ADHD as a real disorder with neurological causes in order to increase understanding and help those affected. As the nation's leading health protection agency, the CDC's role is to inform the public about health issues like ADHD.
M8-22 ANALYTICS o TEAMS • ORGANIZATIONS • SKILLS .fÿy.docxjeremylockett77
M8-22 ANALYTICS o TEAMS • ORGANIZATIONS • SKILLS .fÿy' ÿ,oÿ ()V)g
The Strategy That Wouldn't Travel
by Michael C. Beer
It was 6:45 P.M. Karen Jimenez was reviewing the
notes on her team-based productMty project tbr
what seemed like the hundredth time. I31 two days,
she was scheduled to present a report to the senior
management group on the project's progress. She
wasn't at all sure what she was going to say.
The project was designed to improve productiv-
it3, and morale at each plant owned and operated by
Acme Minerals Extraction Company. Phase one--
implemented in early 1995 at the site in Wichita,
I(amsas--looked like a stunning, success by the mid-
dle of 1996. Productivity and mo[ÿale soared, and
operating and maintenance costs decreased signifi-
cantly. But four months ago, Jimenez tried to
duplicate the results at the project's second
target--the plant in Lubbock, Texas--and some-
thing went wrong. The techniques that had worked
so well in Wichita met with only moderate success
in Lubbock. ProductMty improved marginally and
costs went down a bit, but morale actually seemed
to deteriorate slightl): Jimenez was stumped,
approach to teamwork and change. As it turned
out, he had proved a good choice. Daniels was a
hands-on, high-energy, charismatic businessman
who seemed to enjoy media attention. Within his
first year as CEO, he had pretty much righted the
floundering company by selling oft:some unrelated
lines of business. He had also created the share-
services deparnnent--an internal consulting organ-
ization providing change management, reengineer-
ing, total quailB, management, and other
services--and had rapped Jimenez to head the
group. Her first priority Daniels told her, would be
to improve productiviB, and morale at the com-
pany's five extraction sites. None of them were
meeting their projections. And although Wichita
was the only site at which the labor-management
conflict was painfiflly apparent, Daniels and Jimenez
both thought that morale needed an all-around
boost. Hence the team-based productivity project.
She tried to "helicopter up" and think about
the problem in the broad context of the com-
pany's history. A few ),ears ago, Acme had been in
bad financial shape, but what had really brought
things to a head--and had led to her current
dilemma--was a labor relations problem. Acme
had a wide variety of labor requirements For its
operations. The company used highly sophisti-
cated technologB employing geologists, geophysi-
cists, and engineers on what was referred to as the
"brains" side of the business, as well as skilled and
semi-skilled labor on the "brawn" side to run the
extraction operations. And in the summer of
1994, brains and brawn clashed in an embarrass-
ingly public way. A number of engineers at the
Wichita plant locked several union workers out of
the offices in 100-degree heat. Although most
Acme employees now felt that the incident had
been blown out of propo,'tion by the press, .
Lombosoro theory.In week 4, you learned about the importance.docxjeremylockett77
Lombosoro theory.
In week 4, you learned about the importance of theory, the various theoretical perspectives and the ways in which theory help guide research in regards to crime and criminal behavior.
To put this assignment into context, I want you to think about how Lombroso thought one could identify a criminal. He said that criminals had similar facial features. If that was the case you would be able to look at someone and know if they were a criminal! Social theories infer that perhaps it is the social structures around us that encourage criminality. Look around your city- what structures do you think may match up to something you have learned about this week in terms of theory? These are just two small examples to put this assignment into context for you. The idea is to learn about the theories, then critically think about how can one "show" the theory without providing written explanation for their chosen image.
Directions: With the readings week 4 in mind, please do the following:
1. Choose a theoretical perspective (I.e., biological, psychological sociological)
2. Look through media images (this can be cartoons, magazines, newspapers, internet stories, etc...) and select 10 images that you think depict your chosen theory without written explanation.
3. Provide a one paragraph statement of your theory, what kinds of behavior it explains and how it is depicted through images. Be sure to use resources to support your answer.
4. You will copy and paste your images into a word document, along with your paragraph. You do not need to cite where you got your images, but you do need to cite any information you have in number 3.
Format Directions:
Typed, 12 point font, double spaced
APA format style (Cover page, in text citations and references)
.
Looking over the initial material on the definitions of philosophy i.docxjeremylockett77
Looking over the initial material on the definitions of philosophy in
the course content section, which definition (Aristotle, Novalis,
Wittgenstein) would you say gives you the best feel for philosophy? What
is it about the definition that interests you? do you find there to be any problems with the definition? what other questions do you have regarding the meaning of philosophy?
ARISTOTLE :
Definition 1: Philosophy begins with wonder. (Aristotle)
Our study of philosophy will begin with the ancient Greeks. This is not because the Greeks were necessarily the first to philosophize. They were the first to address philosophical questions in a systematic manner. Also, the bodies of works which survive from the Greeks is quite substantial so in studying philosophy we have a lot to go on if we start with the Greeks.
Philosophy is, in fact, a Greek word. Philo is one of the Greek words for love: in this case the friendship type of love. (What other words can you think of that have "philo" as a part?) Sophia, has a few different uses in Greek. Capitalized it is the name of a woman or a Goddess: wisdom. Philosophy, then, etymologically, (that is from its roots) means love of wisdom.
But what exactly is wisdom? Is it merely knowledge? Intelligence? If I know how to perform a given skill does this necessarily imply that I also have wisdom or am wise?
The word "wise" is not in fact a Greek word. Remember for the Greeks that's "Sophia". Wise is Indo-European and is related to words like "vision", "video", "Veda" (the Indian Holy scriptures). The root has something to do with seeing. Wisdom then has to do with applying our knowledge in a meaningful and practically beneficial way. Perhaps this is the reason why philosophy is associated with the aged. Aristotle believes that philosophy in fact is more suitably studied by the old rather than the young who are inclined to be controlled by the emotions. Do you think this is correct? Nevertheless, whether Aristotle is correct or not, typically the elderly are more likely to be wise as they have more experience of life: they have seen more and hopefully know how to respond correctly to various situations.
Philosophy is not merely confined to the old. Aristotle also says that philosophy begins with wonder and that all people desire to know. Children often are paradigm cases of wondering. Think about how children (perhaps a young sibling or a son or daughter, niece or nephew of your acquaintance) inquistively ask their parents "why" certain things are the case? If the child receives a satisfying answer, one that fits, she is satisfied. If not there is dissatisfaction and frustration. Children assume that their elders know more than they do and thus rely on them for the answers. Though there is a familiar cliche that ignorance is bliss, (perhaps what is meant by this is that ignorance of evil is bliss), Aristotle sees ignorance as painful, a wonder that I would rather fill with knowledge. After all wha.
Lucky Iron Fish
By: Ashley Snook
Professor Phillips
MGMT 350
Spring 2018
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
Introduction
Human Relations Theory
Communications Issues
Intercultural Relations
Ethics Issues
Conclusion
Works Cited
Executive Summary
The B-certified organization that I chose is Lucky Iron Fish Enterprise which is located in Guelph, Ontario Canada. The company distributes iron fish that are designed to solve iron deficiency and anemia for the two billion people who are affected worldwide.
The human relations model is comprised of McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, and theories from Peters and Waterman. These factors focus on the organizational structure of the company as it relates to the executives, the staff, and the customers. The executives provide meaningful jobs for the staff which gives them high levels of job satisfaction. Together, they are able to provide a product that satisfies the thousands of customers they have already reached.
Communication in this company flows smoothly. They implement open communication, encourage participation, and have high levels of trust among employees. Each of their departments are interconnected through teamwork.
Their intercultural relations, although successful, require a significant amount of time. They need to emphasize to the high context cultures that they are willing to understand their culture and possibly adopt some aspects of it. Additionally, they face barriers such as language dissimilarity and lack of physical store locations.
Ethics remains a top priority for this organization. They have high ethical standards that are integrated into their operations. They make decisions that do the most good for the most people, they do not take into consideration financial or political influence, and they strive to protect the environment through their sustainability measures.
Every employee is dedicated to improving the lives of those who suffer from iron deficiency
and anemia. As their organization grows, they continue to impact thousands of lives around the world. They are on a mission to put “a fish in every pot” (Lucky Iron Fish).
Introduction
Lucky Iron Fish, located in Guelph Canada, is a company that is dedicated to ending worldwide iron deficiency and anemia. They do this by providing families with iron fish that release iron when heated in food or water. They sell this product in developed countries in order to support their business model of buy one give one. Each time an iron fish is purchased, one is donated to a family in a developing country. They designed their product to resemble the kantrop fish of Cambodia; in their culture this fish is a symbol of luck. Another focus of theirs is to remain sustainable, scalable, and impactful (Lucky Iron Fish). Each of their products is made from recycled material and their packaging is biodegradable. Their organization has a horizontal stru.
Lucky Iron FishBy Ashley SnookMGMT 350Spring 2018ht.docxjeremylockett77
Lucky Iron Fish
By: Ashley Snook
MGMT 350
Spring 2018
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G6Rx3wDqTuI
Table of Contents
Case Overview
Introduction
Human Relations
Communications
Intercultural Relations
Ethics
Conclusion
Works Cited
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iY0D-PIcgB4
Video ends at 1:45
2
Case Overview
Company located in Guleph, Ontario Canada
Mission is to end iron deficiency and anemia
A fish in every pot
Gavin Armstrong, Founder/CEO
Introduction
Idea originated in Cambodia
Distribute fish through buy one give one model
Sustainable, scalable, impactful
Human Relations
McGregor’s Theory X and Y
-X: employees focused solely on financial gain
-Y: strive to improve worldwide health
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
-Affiliation: desire to be part of a unit, motivated by connections
-Self-esteem: recognition for positive impact
Peters and Waterman
-Close relations to the customer
-Simple form & lean staff
Communications
Time and Distance
-Make product easily and quickly accessible
Communication Culture
-Encourages active participation
Teamwork
-Each role complements the overall mission
Gavin Armstrong Kate Mercer Mark Halpren Melissa Saunders Ashley Leone
Founder & CEO VP Marketing Chief Financial Officer Logistics Specialist Dietician
Intercultural Relations
High/Low Context
-Targets high context cultures
Barriers
-Language dissimilarity
Overcoming Barriers
-Hire a translator
Ethics
Utilitarianism
-Targets countries where majority of people will benefit
Veil of Ignorance
-Not concerned with financial influence
Categorical Imperative
-Accept projects only if environmentally friendly
Conclusion
Buy one give one model
Expansion
Sustainability
Works Cited
Guffey, Mary. “Essentials of Business Communication.” Ohio: Erin Joyner. 2008. Print.
“Lucky Iron Fish.” Lucky Iron Fish. Accessed 30 May 2018. https://luckyironfish.com/
“Lucky Iron Fish Enterprise.” B Corporation.net. Accessed 30 May 2018. https://www.bcorporation.net/community/lucky-iron-fish-enterprise
Lucky Iron Fish. “Lucky Iron Fish: A Simple
Solution
for a global problem.” Youtube. 28 October 2014. Accessed 4 June 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iY0D-PIcgB4
“Lucky little fish to fight iron deficiency among women in Cambodia.” Grand Challenges Canada. Accessed 6 June 2018. http://www.grandchallenges.ca/grantee-stars/0355-05-30/
Podder, Api. “Lucky Iron Fish Wins 2016 Big Innovation Award.” SocialNews.com. 5 February 2016. Accessed 4 June 2018. http://mysocialgoodnews.com/lucky-iron-fish-wins-2016-big-innovation-award/
Zaremba, Alan. “Organizational Communication.” New York: Oxford University Press Inc. 2010. Print.
Lucky Iron Fish
By: Ashley Snook
Professor Phillips
MGMT 350.
look for a article that talks about some type of police activity a.docxjeremylockett77
look for a article that talks about some type of police activity and create PowerPoint and base on the history describe
-What is the role of a police officer in society? (general statement )
-how are they viewed by society?
what is the role of the police in this case?
how it is seems by society?
Article
An unbelievable History of Rape
An 18-year-old said she was attacked at knifepoint. Then she said she made it up. That’s where our story begins.
by T. Christian Miller, ProPublica and Ken Armstrong, The Marshall Project December 16, 2015
https://www.propublica.org/article/false-rape-accusations-an-unbelievable-story
.
Look at the Code of Ethics for at least two professional agencies, .docxjeremylockett77
Look at the Code of Ethics for at least two professional agencies, federal agencies, or laws that would apply to Health IT professionals. In two pages (not including the reference list), compare and contrast these standards. How much overlap did you find? Is one reference more specific than the other? Does one likely fit a broader audience, etc... Would you add anything to either of these documents?
.
Locate an example for 5 of the 12 following types of communica.docxjeremylockett77
Locate
an example for 5 of the 12 following types of communication genres:
Business card
Resume/CV
Rules and regulations
Policy handbook
Policy manual
Policy guide
Policy or departmental memorandum
Public policy report
Government grant
Government proposal
Departmental brochure or recruitment materials
Governmental agency social media (Twitter, Facebook, etc...)
Write
a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper in which you refer to your examples for each of the above listed communication genres. Be sure to address the following in your paper:
How does the purpose of the communication relate to the particular communication genre? In what ways does the genre help readers grasp information quickly and effectively? In what way is the genre similar or different than the other genres you chose?
What role has technology played in the development of the genre? How is it similar or different than the other genres you chose?
How does the use of these conventions promote understanding for the intended audience of the communication? How is it similar or different than the other genres you chose?
Is the communication intended for external or internal distribution? Describe ethical and privacy considerations used for determining an appropriate method of distribution. How is it similar or different than the other genres you chose?
Cite
at least three academic sources in your paper.
Format
your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
.
Locate and read the other teams’ group project reports (located .docxjeremylockett77
Locate and read the other teams’ group project reports (located in Doc Sharing).
Provide some comments for two reports in terms of what you think they did right, what you learned from these reports, as well as what else they could have done.
In addition, read the comments that other students made about your team’s report and respond to at least one of them.
Review ATTACHMENTS!!!!
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A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
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Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
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Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
1 Twin Births in Western Africa A Look into Igbo and Y.docx
1. 1
Twin Births in Western Africa: A Look into Igbo and Yoruba
Culture
How does the birth of twins differ in Nigeria based upon
population group? In the
southeast of Nigeria, the Igbo speaking people feared the birth
of twins while the Yoruba
population in southwest Nigeria treat twins as gods. Infanticide
may seem like a foreign concept
to our culture but to others, it is very real. It is said that that the
reason the Yoruba praise twins,
is the same reason why the Igbo feared them. This essay will
analyze the effect twins have on
each population group and explain the outcome of twin births in
West Africa.
The Igbo people of southeast Nigeria have a problematic
history of actively seeking to
abominate and eradicate twin births in their society. Why would
this population be so persistent
on removing twinship? As we know, twins are the product of
one fertilized ovum splitting and
2. developing into two fetuses or two separate ova are fertilized by
two separate sperm cells. In
Igbo culture, umu ujime (multiple births) are the repercussion
of the devil’s work and should
therefore cease to exist (Bastian, 2001). The indigenous
population believed that umu ujime was
a disgrace to their deity of the earth whom they call Ala or Ani.
Furthermore, families who had
twin births were held accountable for the dishonor they brought
upon the population, especially
mothers (Bastian, 2001). The twins would be put in pots,
suffocated, and discarded in the “bad
bush” known as oojo ofia, which were located outside of Igbo
territory (Bastian, 2001). Mothers
who bore twins were cursed and removed from the society and
even killed along with their
children. If they weren’t killed, they were taken to twin villages
and were grieved by their
families as if she were deceased (Imbua, 2013).
There are several reasons for twin killings in the Igbo culture.
One logic behind the issue
included the idea that only animals can have multiple births.
When animals such as goats or
3. sheep had multiple births, it was a joyous occasion. More goats
simply meant more food and
2
more milk. The litter was not killed, but human multiple births
had an opposing fate. The Igbo
believed that humans shouldn’t express animal-like traits which
included rules on reproduction.
Women should have singular births and animals should have
multiple (Bastian, 2001). This
example was one way to provide further insight for the
reasoning behind eradicating umu ujime.
Does the practice of twin abomination still exist in
southeastern Nigeria? In the earlier
nineteenth century European missionaries had become aware of
twin killings in the southeast of
Nigeria. The practice was against the religion of Christianity
and missionaries saw twin killing as
innocent life being taken (Bastian, 2001). Although this was
appalling to missionaries, they
understood the religious differences and stepped in to persuade
the Igbo otherwise. One
missionary who devoted her life to bringing change to Nigeria
4. was Mary Slessor. Her work in
Nigeria was influential on the population and the umu ujime
deaths had eventually began to
decrease and eventually disappear along with social disarray
(Proctor, 2000). Slessor was one of
many missionaries who devoted themselves to stop the
infanticide by the Igbo people. On
October 21, 1842, the missionaries pleaded to King Eyo to
prohibit twin killings immediately
and give twins and their families their own safe are to live in
peace. Initially, opposition to the
plea was expressed but the king eventually declared infanticide
as a capital offense and granted
the safe area (Imbua, 2013).
The work of missionaries in Nigeria ultimately lead to the
eradication of twin killing in
Igbo speaking populations. Without the influence and
perseverance of the missionaries it is
plausible that umu ujime killings may have continued much
longer before change had taken its
course. The Igbo have a neighboring population who has their
own cultural norms for twin
births. The Yoruba people of southwestern Nigeria praise twins
and treat them as gods.
5. The Yoruba people initially had similar views on twin births as
the Igbo population.
3
Before the praising of twins, the Yoruba also practiced twin
killings. Their reasons were different
from their neighbor’s motive to abolish twinship. The
announcement of twins was shocking to
the Yoruba because this was a bad omen for the community.
Twins and their mother were
ritually killed or left in the jungle defenseless as prey to
animals. One twin was sometimes
allowed to live while the other was not (Oruene, 1985). Some
communities practiced
banishment, either permanent or temporary. The mother would
have to leave their group with her
children and not return if her community practiced permanent
banishment. In communities
where temporary banishment took place, after a specific period,
the mother could return to her
community with one twin or none because the threat of twins
ceased (Oruene, 1985).
6. The Yoruba had cultural beliefs about twins that lead to the
poor treatment of women and
their twin offspring. One belief amongst the population included
the perception that women who
had twins meant they have cheated on their husbands. In their
point of view, two children meant
two fathers. They also believed that if it wasn’t another human
man that she cheated with, she
committed infidelity with an evil spirit (Oruene, 1985). An
additional cultural belief the Yoruba
had was like one previously discussed with the Igbo people.
They believed lower valued animals
had multiple births and categorized women with twins as
animals unsuitable to live amongst
humans (Oruene, 1985).
Eventually these traditional norms faded and transformed into
quite the opposite. The
fear of twins became joy. The Yoruba began to associate twins
with divinity and as living
representations of orisa-ibeji, meaning twin gods (Oruene,
1985). The twins were believed to
have supernatural powers since they were divine beings and
became respected by others. Infant
mortality was quite high in twin births and the Yoruba believed
7. that if one twin died, the living
twin only had half of a soul and could not survive. In order to
keep the living twin thriving, they
4
created statues of the deceased twin which was said to hold the
other half of the soul which the
twins shared. The ibeji, a wooden representation of the deceased
twin, was cared for as if it were
alive. The mother would dress the ibeji and rub food against its
lips, as well as bring it with her
where she went. The living twin would be raised with the ibeji
and when old enough, the living
twin would take on the responsibility to care for it (Oruene,
1985).
Twins were also given specific names with special meaning.
The first born would be
named Taiwo and the second was named Kehinde. Traditionally
the second child is considered
the older of the two because Kehinde pushes Taiwo to enter the
world and once that child cries
he tells Kehinde to come out and “Taste the world.” Taiwo
translates to “Go and taste the world”
8. and Kehinde means “One who comes last” (Renne, 2001). Many
twins are given these names in
Yoruba culture. Seven days after birth, there is a twin naming
ceremony where people in the
community come together to celebrate. Elisha P. Renne states,
offerings are made to the twins
who are dressed identically, and everything is duplicated,
including the food that is served. What
is done for one child must be done for the other because they
share one soul.
Today, the Yoruba experience one of the highest numbers of
twin births per year in the
world. This has become a large part of their identity and can be
seen right away when entering
their town. A large stone sign is present which reads “The
Nation’s Home of Twins” Their
artwork also expresses the value of twins in Yoruba society.
Why does this population
experience prevailing numbers of twin births in comparison to
the rest of the world? A staple in
Yoruba diet are yams and the cassava plant. Though it isn’t
scientifically proven, the hormone
phytoestrogen in the vegetation are said to cause multiple eggs
to be released by the ovaries
9. ending up in twin pregnancy (Akinboro, 2008). This may be an
environmental factor for the
reason behind the high number of twin births.
5
The Igbo and the Yoruba have seemingly similar histories
when comparing the effects of
twin births in their populations. The Igbo and Yoruba alike have
practiced twin killing and
mistreatment of mothers and their offspring for a large portion
of their history. This practice was
normal to them, it was their culture. Now that abomination of
twinship is a thing of the past, the
population groups now celebrate twin births and have made
them an important part of their
history, religion and culture.
10. 6
Reference List
Akinboro, A., Azeez, M. A., & Bakare, A. A. (2008). Frequency
of twinning in
southwest Nigeria. Indian journal of human genetics, 14(2), 41-
7.
Bastian, M. (2001). "The Demon Superstition": Abominable
Twins and Mission Culture
in Onitsha History. Ethnology, 40(1), 13-27.
doi:10.2307/3773886
Imbua, D. (2013). Robbing Others to Pay Mary Slessor:
Unearthing the Authentic Heroes
and Heroines of the Abolition of Twin-Killing in Calabar.
African Economic History, 41,
139-158. Retrieved from
11. http://www.jstor.org.kbcc.ezproxy.cuny.edu/stable/43863309
Oruene, T. (1985). Magical Powers of Twins in the Socio-
Religious Beliefs of the
Yoruba. Folklore, 96(2), 208-216. Retrieved from
http://www.jstor.org.kbcc.ezproxy.cuny.edu/stable/1259643
Proctor, J. (2000). Serving God and the Empire: Mary Slessor in
South-Eastern Nigeria,
1876-1915. Journal of Religion in Africa,30(1), 45-61.
doi:10.2307/1581622
Renne, E. (2001). Twinship in an Ekiti Yoruba Town.
Ethnology,40(1), 63-78.
doi:10.2307/3773889
Robert Kane argues that free will is required for moral
responsibility and that the idea of free will is incompatible with
the idea of an entirely determined universe. He explains that
free will exists at times when we have ultimate
responsibility for our actions. Furthermore, he writes that this
ultimate responsibility can only arise if there is
some indeterminism has existed in the past.
First, it is important to understand what Kane means by “free
will,” for it has different meanings to different philosophers.
Kane’s idea of free will takes the form of the “alternate
possibilities” perspective (AP), which he illustrates with his
“garden of forking paths” (6). Basically, what AP and the
garden of forking paths delineate is that at certain points in time
12. when a person makes a choice, it is possible that they could
have chosen or done otherwise. AP is at odds with the idea of
determinism, which argues the exact opposite: that there is no
garden of forking paths; rather, there is one single straight line
of events, all of which are destined to occur as results of the
past and the laws of nature. Kane’s goal is to show that AP is
possible, and therefore, free will (and thus, moral
responsibility) and determinism cannot coexist.
Second, I will clarify the term “ultimate responsibility.”
Ultimate responsibility (UR) means that for a person to be
responsible for something (for one to be held blameworthy or
praiseworthy for something), they must be the ultimate author
of that thing. In other words, a person must be accountable for
an action they perform or for the state of mind, personal
characteristics, or “anything that is a sufficient cause or motive
for the action’s occurring” (14).
Kane points out that that UR does not mean that people have
alternate possibilities (can do otherwise) in all situations, but
that AP exists in certain situations in which “self-forming
actions” (SFAs), or acts that mold personal character are
performed (14). An example of an SFA similar to Kane’s
businesswoman example is as follows: Ben found a wallet on
the ground, and inside there was one hundred dollars and the
driver’s license of the person it belongs to. Ben underwent an
internal struggle between his conscience, which told him he
should return the wallet and its contents to its owner, and his
greed, which told him he should keep the hundred dollars. (Note
that this situation is an instance of indeterminism, because the
outcome of the event is uncertain.) Ben wanted two different
things: to return the wallet and to keep it. There was a forking
path before him, and he had to “make an effort of will,” as Kane
would say (26), to overcome the temptation to keep the wallet.
If he did not overcome his greed, it was because he “did not
allow [his] effort to succeed” since while he willed to rise
13. above his greed, he also willed to fail to do so. When Ben
decided to return the wallet, he made a determinate choice out
of indeterminate efforts; that is, Kane’s words, he “[made] one
set of competing reasons or motives prevail over the others then
and there by deciding” (27).
In the above instance, the indeterminism that arises from Ben’s
conflicting wills serves as an obstacle that he must conquer in
order to make a choice. But whichever choice he made (whether
he decided to return the wallet or keep it) was made
purposefully, and not randomly or accidentally because his
decision was willed either way—it was made for reasons, and
he endorsed those reasons at the time (29). No matter which
choice he made, he would make the choice of his own free will
and would be ultimately responsible for it, as he would be the
author of his action, as opposed so some other agent or
mechanism.
It may be true that Ben could not control the past or the laws of
nature at the time he made his choice, but just because he could
not control what happened beforehand does not mean that he
couldn’t control what happened when it happened. When SFAs
like Ben’s decision about the wallet occur (when choices are
made for reasons that are endorsed), agents gain some control of
the future “then and there by deciding” (30). As a result, Ben
had what Kane calls “plural voluntary control,” meaning that he
could have caused either of the two options that he willed at the
time; thus, he could have done otherwise (AP) on purpose and
without being coerced (30).
Ultimate responsibility is present in self-forming actions like
Ben’s, which are character-building choices that allow people to
be held accountable for their acts and to be held responsible for
why they, as people, are the way they are. During a self-forming
action, an agent has plural voluntary control, and thus, alternate
possibilities exist. In cases in which alternate possibilities exist,
14. indeterminism also exists, for “‘indeterminism’ is a technical
term that merely rules out deterministic causation, though not
causation altogether” (31). Ultimate responsibility is required in
order for a person to have free will in addition to alternate
possibilities (that a person can do otherwise), or indeterminism.
In indeterministic cases in which people can do otherwise, they
perform actions of their own free will, and so are ultimately
responsible for those actions.
1
What do we learn by applying Archeology: The Pompeii Case
Archeology is closely connected to culture and history.
According to Philips, the goal of
archeology is to establish “an image of life within the limits of
the residue that is available from
the past” (Philips & Willey, 616), and to reconstruct cultural
forms and relationships. This
science is providing both research community and broad public
with important data on the past,
which is widely used in the contemporary time. The cultural
heritage provides education of the
new generations of people, becoming a substrate for further
humankind development. Why is
15. archeology so important? What does it allow to learn about
human culture, way of life, family
and personal values? In this essay we will study what
information and how does archeology
provide, and why is it so important to explore the past. To do
that, we shall refer to the case of
the city of Pompeii, and find out what can be learnt about its
political, social, religious and other
issues from the excavations of the remnants of material culture.
POMPEII LIFESTYLE RESTORED VIA EXCAVATIONS
According to Hales and Paul, the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD
had contradictory
effects on the humankind development: it has destroyed the
relatively insignificant town of
Pompeii, in the same time having preserved it as an
archeological value for the further
generations. After having been discovered and examined in the
eighteenth century, the remains
of Pompeii have turned into opportunity for people, even those
far from historical studies, to get
deeper into the ancient past of Europe. These findings offered
an understanding of everyday life
in that period to the mass audience, which comprises not only
16. on such visible aspects, as material
culture, information on health, diseases, aging and even diet,
but broader social implications
(Hales & Paul; Beard 2010).
Our analysis on archeological opportunities will start with the
political system: what does
the material culture of Pompeii tell about organization of
political life? Paul Zanker notes that
archeological findings allow to us consider that by the time of
the eruption, Pompeii was an old
city, inhabited by many generations of people in the structured
society. According to him, the
uniqueness of the situation is that Pompeii has been conserved
on the merger of two periods: last
years of Republican Rome, with the uniform type of urban
development and growing, and the
beginning of Empire, when new values were introduced within
the townscape (eg, the remains of
2
city forum allow to conclude on the existing cult of the
Emperor). While for democratic societies
17. the forum was very important, in the Empire period it has
turned into a symbolic place to
worship the Emperor, which is visible from its architecture. At
the same time, the public
communication and interaction has moved to other rapidly
developing places, such as large
baths, clubhouses and even public latrines, where free rich
people were spending their leisure
time and communicating. Another proof of the important
Emperor’s role is the structure of the
arena and the circus, where Emperor or other power
representatives had separate boxes – visible
by everyone, yet not accessible, as it was practiced in the
Roman Empire. The local arena and the
circus, along with above mentioned infrastructure facilities,
were also used as communication
hubs (Zanker, 9).
The Pompeian housing system also provides hints to the social
organization. Unlike
prevailing modern view at the house as a very private place, in
Pompeii it was “a center of social
communication and pointed demonstration of the occupants'
standing” (Zanker, 10). The space
and the furniture were used to declare the position of owner in
18. the society. The rooms were
normally multi-functional: eg, the same room could be a place
for children to play or slaves
given the instruction in daytime, and reception room for guests
in the evening. A lack of privacy,
large number of rooms and multi-functionality turned a family
house into the area of intense
social activity.
Considering that social and political life was so active, we
should also get knowledge on
how stratified the society was, what were the main features of
social life, and to what extent were
the citizens of Pompeii equal in terms of political and social
rights? Mary Beard notes that
“Pompeii may have been an intensely political culture” (Beard
2009, 192), in which the
benefaction at all levels played an important and honorable role.
The town elites contributed
much to the development of culture and infrastructure, as shown
via renovated and large theaters
and water facilities (Zanker). The governing class in the city
was aristocratic; there were several
important and rich families, which have kept their memories
attentively, preserving the
19. inscriptions about career and beneficent deeds. This family
pride also was reflected in the
portraits of family members, which were found in the large
houses. Though the new community
members could be co-opted to the aristocratic families, the city
had a powerful old native
aristocracy, which preserved its standing structure and lifestyle
(Ordo, 169). The society was
patriarchal, and women could not take official positions in the
authority (Cooley & Cooley).
3
Although the Pompeii was the city of slavers and slaves, the
freedmen were a numerous social
group, which could even enter the higher society upon
partnering with the city elite (Ordo, 182).
In economic terms, the community of free people was more or
less equal. The analysis of the
skeletons proves that even people far from being rich enjoyed
the same diet as the city elite,
including sea food, meat, nuts and figs (Beard 2010), and the
ration of different groups of
20. citizens was similar. To sum up, Pompeii had a sociable
community with both conservative and
democratic features, yet with relatively high level of economic
equality (Ordo, 182).
The material remnants also provide important findings about the
economic situation. Pompeii
was situated perfectly to serve as a market and financial hub
(Cooley & Cooley). Geographically,
in was a port to the river gallery. The imported goods came
from various regions – Italy,
Mediterranean, Africa – which allows to conclude on the
developed commercial network.
According to Laurence, the major export product was pottery,
though it was not produced
especially for export or for a mass market. Another branches of
the city economy included
bakery, textile manufacturing, metal working and culinary –
speaking of the latter, Pompeii was
famous for its high quality fish sauce called garrum (Laurence,
73). The findings prove that
notwithstanding developed industries, the key driving force of
the economy was negotiating and
trade (Laurence).
An important role in the Pompeian society was played not only
21. by social and economic
activities, but by religion. It drew upon different international
sources, from Greece to Egypt, yet
with dominating impact of the Roman Pantheon. The religious
festivals and ceremonies were
important for citizens, and were widely celebrated. Upon the
start of Empire period, the Emperor
cult started to prevail over the others (Cooley & Cooley). There
is evidence that the cults of Isis
and of Dionysus were widespread in the city (Matthiesen).
Still, one of the most worshiped gods in Pompeii was Venus,
praised by poets and
ordinary inhabitants, and in connection with that a high
eroticism of local society should be
noted. The important role of sex symbolism is represented in
numerous phallic symbols and
erotic frescoes found in the remnants, which in the religious
discourse has even led to the
attribution of Pompeii's destruction to the divine punishment for
the immorality (Hales & Paul).
To pay tribute to the conservative religious point of view, it is
worth mentioning that such
devotion to love and sex in Pompeii was not exclusively
connected with Venus cult. Beard
22. stresses that prostitution, along with gambling and crime, was
present in Pompeii. Moreover, for
4
the elite men sexual partner could have been of either sex, there
was no particular difference.
This is supported by the remnants of brothels and pornographic
inscriptions and drawings (Beard
2009).
Despite the spread of promiscuity in sexual life, the family ties
in Pompeian society were
strong. The remains of children with heavy and dangerous
diseases, who needed a lot of care,
prove that society involved support networks for the disabled
and devoted time and efforts to
looking after them (Beard 2010). The carbonized remains of
people allow one to conclude that a
majority of them were trying to save their families from certain
death.
LESSONS OF ARCHEOLOGY
Summing up the above, we may conclude that the remnants of
23. Pompeii are the unique
historical monument, which provides complex view towards the
culture, social and political life
of that epoch, having remained intact to the environment for
centuries. It gives the reasoning,
why it is so important to explore the past, and how can
archeology benefit humankind.
Firstly, archeology is beneficial for more comprehensive
knowledge of history and learning the
historical lessons. It allows to reflect about the maintenance of
life, dynamics and relationships in
the societies, adding to the historical books and other sources
(Allison, 16), and sometimes even
providing new view towards them. For instance, McAllen writes
that according to the ancient
historical documents, the citizens of Pompeii were portrayed as
fleeing in terror, fighting to
preserve their own lives and material values. The archeological
studies have uncovered evidence
that among the citizens were a number of those who met the
cataclysm with bravery, and did
their best to protect their families, otherwise remaining with
those who couldn’t escape
(McAllen). Reconstruction of past societies is important to
24. provide understanding, how the social
forces were developing, and to fill the gaps in cultural, social
and economic theories (Allison,
16).
Secondly, as emphasized by Goran Blix, archaeology not only
allows us to learn about
culture, it has significant impact on its development. Having
been discovered, Pompeii and its
neighboring city, Herculaneum, have attracted numerous
travelling artists. The decorative art
represented in these cities has set “a long-term trend in
decoration, inspiring, for example, the
Pompeian ornamental scheme of Napoleon's castle” (Blix, 10).
Subsequently, it has led to the
5
spread of intense romantic drama of the doomed cities,
proceeding with the Hollywood movies.
Thus archeology exploration of culture has given a new life to
the seemingly lost values.
CONCLUSION
25. Following the results of the study of Pompeii we may conclude
that archeological
research provides an exclusive opportunity to understand the
ancient past. The exploration of the
past makes the material and non-material culture of the
dispelled civilizations beneficial for the
descendants, provides them with insights to new knowledge. It
offers a broad understanding of
how people lived, what values did they appreciate, how their
society was developed and
changing. It makes the study of cultural heritage of the past an
important component of education
and personal development.
Analysis Essay
• Analysis Essay: There will be a 4-6 page analysis essay
where students will be asked to explore a topic that is covered
in class. The goal is to analyze and answer a particular set of
questions about said topic. This is not a book report, but an
exploration paper. A topic proposal will be due from each
student at least two weeks before the essay is due. The
proposal will let me know what your interests are and how you
26. are planning to explore the topic, as well as allow time for
revision if necessary. A minimum of 4-5 academic sources
(articles, written publications, etc.) should be used but
students are encouraged to use more. Electronic submission of
the essay to Blackboard’s SafeAssign section is due on the last
day of class. The analysis essay and proposal will count for
15%
of your class grade. Half of a letter grade will be deducted from
the essay for each day that it is late.
• Analysis: to separate into individual parts in order
understand their influence through examination
• The goal of the assignment is to pick a specific topic
and to break it down to see how one aspect
influences/or is influenced by the rest of the system.
• Everything is connected and analyzing the impact of
one trait/trend/attribute becomes easier.
• Analysis can be easier when asking the right questions
• Plagiarism: All class projects will be sent to
“SafeAssign”, the anti-plagiarism software. Any
student with a score 11% or higher (and up to
39%) will have to re-write the copied sections of
27. the project. Any student with a score of 40% or
higher will have to pick a completely different
topic and write a brand new project. All
assignments must be the original work and ideas
of the student. Any assignment or part of an
assignment that is copied from another source
will be grounds for failing the course. This
includes information from the internet or another
student. The professor will turn all plagiarized
work into the Dean’s office.
Criteria
• 15% of your grade (5% proposal and 10%
essay)
• Topic proposal
• Essay (remember the focus is on analysis)
• 4-6 pages (1000 word minimum)
• 12 pt. font Times New Roman
• 1 inch margins only
• Format: MLA, in-text citations, a works cited
page, grammatically correct.
• Purdue Owl MLA
28. • Follow the general format
• Remember to proofread your work
• Include title page, heading, number your pages
• No need for footnotes
• Remember to do a Works Cited Page ( Reference
List)
Breakdown of grading
• Organization
• Heading
• Introduction (talk about your topic, brief back ground, discuss
your thesis
and analysis questions)
• Body (the majority of your essay should be analyzing your
potential
29. questions/thesis with the help of sources)
• Use academic evidence to support conclusions/argument
• Discussion/Conclusion
• Works Cited Page
• Content
Do not plagiarize (using ideas of others without citation)
Clarity of argument-objectivity is important
I should be able to understand what you are saying.
Common rules of grammar should be followed
Proofread
Check the credibility of your sources
Due Date: Last day of class
• Online submission: upload the essay as a word
document to SafeAssign on Blackboard
30. • For every day that the essay is late it will lose
half of a letter grade
• Do not plagiarize
Directions for your extra-credit assignments
• 1. Pick a topic in anthropology that is not your essay
topic.
• 2. Find two academic sources (the easiest sources to
use are articles found in the KCC databases) about that
topic and read them.
• 3. In 1 ½ - 2 pages (double spaced) analyze the topic in
your own words using the sources as evidence.
• 4. Include a works cited component at the end
• You can do a maximum of 3 extra-credit assignments.
When done correctly, each assignment can earn up to
10 points. You can use the 10 points to add them
towards any of your test grades.
• If you decide to do all three, you will have to use three
different topics and a total of six academic sources (2
for each assignment).
31. • I do not need a topic proposal for these assignments. If the
submitted assignments have nothing to do with anthropology,
they will simply not get any credit.
• I will make a safeassign link on Blackboard where you will be
able to submit your extra-credit assignments as a single word
document.
• The due date of the extra-credit assignment is the last day of
class. Please note, extra-credit assignments will not be
accepted after the last day of class (this is non-negotiable).
Ethnicity and Race
What is Race?
• Race and the study of race has a complex history
behind it
• Early academia
• Darwin and Natural selection
• Social Darwinism: idea of social evolution where non-
32. industrial societies were technologically, mentally, and
biologically inferior.
• By 1800’s, early understanding of race was linked with
the concept of “survival of the fittest” and carried
very powerful social meanings.
• Science links biology to behavior, mental capacity, and
race.
• Is race biological?
• A particular race should represent the genetic
material that is shared and passed down from
common ancestors
• Race-Population of species that differ genetically or
geographically
•Early scholars focused
on a several of very many
phenotypical traits to
determine race
•Scientists emphasized
skin color as a main
indicator of race
33. Natural Selection
• Larger portions and concentration of melanin results
in darker skin color
• Melanin has a very important function: protection
against ultraviolet radiation emitted by the sun
• Protection against skin cancer and sun burns
• It is not possible to categorize race from a
purely biological point of view
• Cultural constructions of race are a possibility
Franz Boas
Society/culture is a
complex of meaning.
•Cultural relativity: idea
that each
culture/society must be
understood on its own
34. terms.
• Genetic evidence and “race”.
• Race: A flawed system of classification, with no
biological basis, that uses certain physical
characteristics to divide the human population into
discrete groups.
Similar problems are
solved in different
ways.
For Boas, this could
be explained by
differences in culture
not differences in
biology.
Ethnicity
• Members of an ethnic group share beliefs, values,
habits, customs, and norms because of some common
background
• Ethnicity: identification with a group based on set of
values and exclusion from other groups based on
differences in those values
35. • Minority groups and majority groups
• In many societies, ethnic, racial, and caste status corresponds
to a
position in social-political hierarchy.
• American popular discourse often does not draw a clear line
between
ethnicity and race.
• Probably more clear in most cases to use term “ethnic group”
rather
than “race” – e.g. Asian American, European American, etc..
Social Construction of Race
• Race is a symbol
• Inequality and hypodescent – placing the child of a union
between
members of different groups in the minority group
• Susie Guillory Phipps and Louisiana's 1/32 rule
• The Bell Curve 1994
Diversity and Tolerance
• Assimilation into society – culture, language, beliefs, norms,
36. rules of
minority group change as another culture dominates
• Multiculturalism – opposite of assimilation model that views
diversity
as a positive (U.S.)
Conflict
• Prejudice: devaluing a group because of its assumed
behavior, values, capabilities, or attributes
• Discrimination: Policies and specific practices that aim
to harm a group and its members
• De facto: treatment that is not legal but occurs anyway
(Unfair treatment by legal system and police force, Stop
and Frisk)
• De jure: legal policies enabling public discrimination
(Jim Crow Laws)
1992 Los Angeles Riots
37. Genocide, Ethnocide, Cultural Colonialism
• Genocide: most extreme form of discrimination
• Ethnocide: cultures of particular ethnic groups are
eradicated
• Cultural colonialism: internal domination by one
group over others in terms of culture, language, etc
Analysis Essay
• Analysis Essay: There will be a 4-6 page analysis essay
where students will be asked to explore a topic that is covered
in class. The goal is to analyze and answer a particular set of
questions about said topic. This is not a book report, but an
exploration paper. A topic proposal will be due from each
student at least two weeks before the essay is due. The
proposal will let me know what your interests are and how you
are planning to explore the topic, as well as allow time for
revision if necessary. A minimum of 4-5 academic sources
38. (articles, written publications, etc.) should be used but
students are encouraged to use more. Electronic submission of
the essay to Blackboard’s SafeAssign section is due on the last
day of class. The analysis essay and proposal will count for
15%
of your class grade. Half of a letter grade will be deducted from
the essay for each day that it is late.
• Analysis: to separate into individual parts in order
understand their influence through examination
• The goal of the assignment is to pick a specific topic
and to break it down to see how one aspect
influences/or is influenced by the rest of the system.
• Everything is connected and analyzing the impact of
one trait/trend/attribute becomes easier.
• Analysis can be easier when asking the right questions
• Plagiarism: All class projects will be sent to
“SafeAssign”, the anti-plagiarism software. Any
student with a score 11% or higher (and up to
39%) will have to re-write the copied sections of
the project. Any student with a score of 40% or
higher will have to pick a completely different
39. topic and write a brand new project. All
assignments must be the original work and ideas
of the student. Any assignment or part of an
assignment that is copied from another source
will be grounds for failing the course. This
includes information from the internet or another
student. The professor will turn all plagiarized
work into the Dean’s office.
Criteria
• 15% of your grade (5% proposal and 10%
essay)
• Topic proposal
• Essay (remember the focus is on analysis)
• 4-6 pages (1000 word minimum)
• 12 pt. font Times New Roman
• 1 inch margins only
• Format: MLA, in-text citations, a works cited
page, grammatically correct.
• Purdue Owl MLA
• Follow the general format
40. • Remember to proofread your work
• Include title page, heading, number your pages
• No need for footnotes
• Remember to do a Works Cited Page ( Reference
List)
Breakdown of grading
• Organization
• Heading
• Introduction (talk about your topic, brief back ground, discuss
your thesis
and analysis questions)
• Body (the majority of your essay should be analyzing your
potential
questions/thesis with the help of sources)
41. • Use academic evidence to support conclusions/argument
• Discussion/Conclusion
• Works Cited Page
• Content
Do not plagiarize (using ideas of others without citation)
Clarity of argument-objectivity is important
I should be able to understand what you are saying.
Common rules of grammar should be followed
Proofread
Check the credibility of your sources
Due Date: Last day of class
• Online submission: upload the essay as a word
document to SafeAssign on Blackboard
42. • For every day that the essay is late it will lose
half of a letter grade
• Do not plagiarize
Directions for your extra-credit assignments
• 1. Pick a topic in anthropology that is not your essay
topic.
• 2. Find two academic sources (the easiest sources to
use are articles found in the KCC databases) about that
topic and read them.
• 3. In 1 ½ - 2 pages (double spaced) analyze the topic in
your own words using the sources as evidence.
• 4. Include a works cited component at the end
• You can do a maximum of 3 extra-credit assignments.
When done correctly, each assignment can earn up to
10 points. You can use the 10 points to add them
towards any of your test grades.
• If you decide to do all three, you will have to use three
different topics and a total of six academic sources (2
for each assignment).
• I do not need a topic proposal for these assignments. If the
43. submitted assignments have nothing to do with anthropology,
they will simply not get any credit.
• I will make a safeassign link on Blackboard where you will be
able to submit your extra-credit assignments as a single word
document.
• The due date of the extra-credit assignment is the last day of
class. Please note, extra-credit assignments will not be
accepted after the last day of class (this is non-negotiable).