1. Please give a formal definition of each of the following legal terms (citing your source), followed by an example of how it might apply in a situation:
a. Discrimination; The unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex. E.g, "victims of racial discrimination"
Source (google definition)
b. Duty of care; A moral or legal obligation to ensure the safety or well-being of others. E.g. "employers have a duty of care to their employees"
Source (google definition)
c. Informed consent; Permission granted in full knowledge of the possible consequences, typically that which is given by a patient to a doctor for treatment with knowledge of the possible risks and benefits. E.g. "written informed consent was obtained from each patient"
Source (google definition)
d. Mandatory reporting; Mandatory reporting is a term used to describe the legislative requirement imposed on selected classes of people to report suspected cases of child abuse and neglect to government authorities. Parliaments in all Australian states and territories have enacted mandatory reporting laws of some description. E.g. Registered medical practitioners, nurses, midwives, a person registered as a teacher has to mandatory report child abuse
Source (https://aifs.gov.au/cfca/publications/mandatory-reporting-child-abuse-and-neglect)
2. Please give a brief explanation of each of the following subjects/issues (citing your source, if quoting) followed by an example of how it might apply in a situation:
a. Code of conduct; The definition of a code of conduct is a collection of rules and regulations that include what is and is not acceptable or expected behavior. A handbook of an organization setting forth rules for behavior by members is an example of a code of conduct. E.g. google code of conduct; the code underscores the importance of speaking up and taking action against wrongdoing while complementing the scope of Google’s operations and culture. For example, one section of the code of conduct is dedicated to the company’s “Dog Policy” which the company suggests is key to its unique organizational culture.
-Concise
-Well Organized
b. Code of practice; A code of practice is a set of written rules which explains how people working in a particular profession should behave. The auctioneers are violating a code of practice by dealing in stolen goods. E.g. The auctioneers are violating a code of practice by dealing in stolen goods.
Source (https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/code-of-practice)
c. Practice standards; The Practice Standards. Values and ethics. Social workers demonstrate that the values of social work are integral to their practice, they uphold their ethical responsibilities and they act appropriately when faced with ethical problems, issues and dilemmas.
Source (https://www.aasw.asn.au/practitioner-resources/practice-standards)
d. Policy frameworks; A policy framework is document that sets ...
Module 3 Code of Ethics (Professional Ethics)Nancy Girdhar
Principle of Ethics
Compliance based and values based code of ethics
Professional obligation
Role of regulatory authority
Respect for Privacy
Confidentiality
Inform Consent and debriefing
66.pdf67.pdf68.pdf69.pdf70.pdf71.pdf72.pdf73.pdf74.pdf75.pdf76.pdf77.pdf78.pdf79.pdf
Button1:
Week Two Health Care Financial Terms Worksheet
HCS/405 Version 6
1
University of Phoenix Material
Week Two Health Care Financial Terms Worksheet
Understanding health care financial terms is a prerequisite for both academic and professional success. This assignment is intended to ensure you understand some of the basic terms used in this course.
Complete the worksheet below according to the following guidelines:
· In the space provided, write each term’s definition as used in health care management. You must define the term in your own words.
· In the space provided after each term’s definition, summarize a health care management scenario that illustrates the importance of the skill, concept, procedure, or tool to which the term refers. In the scenario, you may wish to consider the following:
Why the skill, concept, procedure, or tool is necessary for accurate record keeping, operational efficiency, excellent patient services, employee management, regulatory compliance, reducing costs, forecasting, and so forth
Successes enabled by an adequate understanding or appropriate application of the skill, concept, procedure, or tool
Risks or failures associated with an inadequate understanding or inappropriate application of the skill, concept, procedure, or tool
Save the completed worksheet as a Microsoft® Word document with your name in the file name.
Submit the file to your instructor.
Worksheet
Submitted By:
[Type your name here.]
Term
Definition
Scenario
Balance sheet
Statement of revenue and expense
Revenue cycle
Payer mix
Revenue
252.pdf253.pdf254.pdf255.pdf256.pdf257.pdf258.pdf259.pdf260.pdf261.pdf262.pdf263.pdf264.pdf
THE QUEST FOR A CODE OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS: AN INTELLECTUAL AND MORAL CONFUSION
John Ladd
My role as a philosopher is to act as a gadfly. If this were Athens in the fifth century B. c. you would probably throw me in prison for what I shall say, and I would be promptly condemned to death for attacking your idols. But you can't do that in this day and age; you can't even ask for your money back, since I am not being paid. All that you can do is to throw eggs at me or simply walk out!
My theme is stated in the title: it is that the whole notion of an organized professional ethics is an absurdity-intellectual and moral. Furthermore, I shall argue that there are few positive benefits to be derived from having a code and the possibility of mischievous side effects of adopting a code is substantial. Unfortunately, in the time allotted to me I can only summarize what I have to say on this topic.
1. To begin with, ethics itself is basically an open-ended, reflective and critical intellectual activity. It is essentially problematic and controversial, both as far as its principles are concerned and in its application. Ethics consists of issues to be examined, explored, discussed, deliberated, .
Module 3 Code of Ethics (Professional Ethics)Nancy Girdhar
Principle of Ethics
Compliance based and values based code of ethics
Professional obligation
Role of regulatory authority
Respect for Privacy
Confidentiality
Inform Consent and debriefing
66.pdf67.pdf68.pdf69.pdf70.pdf71.pdf72.pdf73.pdf74.pdf75.pdf76.pdf77.pdf78.pdf79.pdf
Button1:
Week Two Health Care Financial Terms Worksheet
HCS/405 Version 6
1
University of Phoenix Material
Week Two Health Care Financial Terms Worksheet
Understanding health care financial terms is a prerequisite for both academic and professional success. This assignment is intended to ensure you understand some of the basic terms used in this course.
Complete the worksheet below according to the following guidelines:
· In the space provided, write each term’s definition as used in health care management. You must define the term in your own words.
· In the space provided after each term’s definition, summarize a health care management scenario that illustrates the importance of the skill, concept, procedure, or tool to which the term refers. In the scenario, you may wish to consider the following:
Why the skill, concept, procedure, or tool is necessary for accurate record keeping, operational efficiency, excellent patient services, employee management, regulatory compliance, reducing costs, forecasting, and so forth
Successes enabled by an adequate understanding or appropriate application of the skill, concept, procedure, or tool
Risks or failures associated with an inadequate understanding or inappropriate application of the skill, concept, procedure, or tool
Save the completed worksheet as a Microsoft® Word document with your name in the file name.
Submit the file to your instructor.
Worksheet
Submitted By:
[Type your name here.]
Term
Definition
Scenario
Balance sheet
Statement of revenue and expense
Revenue cycle
Payer mix
Revenue
252.pdf253.pdf254.pdf255.pdf256.pdf257.pdf258.pdf259.pdf260.pdf261.pdf262.pdf263.pdf264.pdf
THE QUEST FOR A CODE OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS: AN INTELLECTUAL AND MORAL CONFUSION
John Ladd
My role as a philosopher is to act as a gadfly. If this were Athens in the fifth century B. c. you would probably throw me in prison for what I shall say, and I would be promptly condemned to death for attacking your idols. But you can't do that in this day and age; you can't even ask for your money back, since I am not being paid. All that you can do is to throw eggs at me or simply walk out!
My theme is stated in the title: it is that the whole notion of an organized professional ethics is an absurdity-intellectual and moral. Furthermore, I shall argue that there are few positive benefits to be derived from having a code and the possibility of mischievous side effects of adopting a code is substantial. Unfortunately, in the time allotted to me I can only summarize what I have to say on this topic.
1. To begin with, ethics itself is basically an open-ended, reflective and critical intellectual activity. It is essentially problematic and controversial, both as far as its principles are concerned and in its application. Ethics consists of issues to be examined, explored, discussed, deliberated, .
The Belmont Report (Three Benchmark Rules)ClinosolIndia
The Belmont Report, published in 1979, is a seminal document in the field of research ethics. It was developed by the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research in response to unethical research practices, particularly the infamous Tuskegee Syphilis Study. The report sets forth three fundamental ethical principles, often referred to as the "Three Benchmark Rules," that guide the ethical conduct of research involving human subjects. These principles are:
Respect for Persons:
The principle of respect for persons emphasizes the autonomy and dignity of individuals. It requires that individuals be treated as autonomous agents capable of making informed decisions about their participation in research. Researchers must obtain informed consent from potential subjects and provide them with all relevant information regarding the purpose, risks, benefits, and alternatives of the study. Special provisions must be made for individuals with diminished autonomy, such as children or those with cognitive impairments, to ensure their rights and welfare are protected.
Beneficence:
The principle of beneficence emphasizes the obligation to maximize benefits and minimize harm to research subjects. Researchers must ensure that the potential benefits of the study outweigh the potential risks. They should conduct a thorough risk-benefit analysis and design their studies to maximize potential benefits while minimizing any potential harm or discomfort to participants. Additionally, researchers must make ongoing assessments of the risks and benefits throughout the course of the study and take necessary steps to minimize harm and maximize benefits.
Justice:
The principle of justice requires the fair distribution of the burdens and benefits of research. It emphasizes the need for equal access to participation in research, regardless of factors such as race, gender, socioeconomic status, or other characteristics. Researchers must ensure that the selection of research subjects is fair and avoid exploiting vulnerable populations. Additionally, the benefits derived from research should be distributed equitably, ensuring that the burdens of research are not borne solely by disadvantaged groups while the benefits accrue to others.
These Three Benchmark Rules provided in the Belmont Report serve as the foundation for modern ethical guidelines and regulations governing research involving human subjects. They have significantly influenced the development of ethical review boards and informed consent processes, ensuring the protection of individuals' rights and well-being in research studies.
Code of ethics and legal practices has been very old element in the professional management of the doctor’s behaviour. The ethical practices or code shows a commitment to act with honesty in extreme situations. At the time patients seek medical treatment they are not just entering a normal social relationship, they often feel vulnerable but required to share and expose important aspects of their lives. Codes of ethical conducts provide some tangible safety to both doctors and patients in such circumstances. In the below report, the researcher is explaining ethical, legal and
professional guidelines and principles for health care as well as its implications in the healthcare sector of the United Kingdom. After reading this report, the reader would be able to understand how healthcare adopts ethical practices at the workplace and ensures protection of patients in their medical treatment.
Research your chosen company, which is Kaiser Permanente. F.docxdebishakespeare
Research your chosen company, which is Kaiser Permanente. Find a minimum of one library source, which will support your thesis in this assignment. Review your assigned weekly lecture and text reading. Select from this reading 3-5 key concepts, which will also support your thesis. In a two to three page paper, address the questions below. Your paper should follow APA format including a title and reference page. The two to three page paper length requirement does NOT include the title page and reference page. Use APA Standards in Your Coursework to ensure you are following the correct format.
Describe some of the key decisions its management has faced within the past year or two. Identify an ethical issue the organization either faces or has faced in the past. If it has not been resolved, provide an analysis of how the issue should be addressed. If it has been resolved, critique how the organization resolved this issue based on the materials you have reviewed on ethical decision-making.
Notes/concepts from readings
Criteria for Ethical Decision Making
Most ethical dilemmas involve a conflict between the needs of the part and the whole—the individual versus the organization or the organization versus society as a whole. For example, should a company scrutinize job candidates' or employees' social media postings, which might benefit the organization as a whole but reduce the individual freedom of employees? Or should products that fail to meet tough Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards be exported to other countries where government standards are lower, benefiting the company but potentially harming world citizens? Sometimes ethical decisions entail a conflict between two groups. For example, should the potential for local health problems resulting from a company's effluents take precedence over the jobs it creates as the town's leading employer?
Managers faced with these kinds of tough ethical choices often benefit from a normative strategy—one based on norms and values—to guide their decision making. Normative ethics uses several approaches to describe values for guiding ethical decision making. Five approaches that are relevant to managers are the utilitarian approach, individualism approach, moral-rights approach, justice approach, and practical approach.27
Utilitarian Approach
The utilitarian approach, espoused by the nineteenth-century philosophers Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, holds that moral behavior produces the greatest good for the greatest number. Under this approach, a decision maker is expected to consider the effect of each decision alternative on all parties and select the one that optimizes the benefits for the greatest number of people. In the trolley dilemma earlier in this chapter, for instance, the utilitarian approach would hold that it would be moral to push one person to his death in order to save five. The utilitarian ethic is cited as the basis for the recent trend among companies to mon ...
OCNZ has adopted a capabilities framework for NZ osteopaths. Domain 6 deals with a wide range of compliance issues - practice takes places in both a spatial environment and a wide legal context
You have been working on this project for weeks, and now it is twalthamcoretta
You have been working on this project for weeks, and now it is time to submit your final version. This should be a complete, polished artifact that contains all of the required critical elements and incorporates the feedback you received from your instructor on Milestones One and Two. This is your opportunity to shine!
To complete this assignment, review the
Final Project I Guidelines and Rubric
document.
Note:
This activity is one of many that will contribute to the completion of the final projects. See the
Final Project Assignment Table
for more information.
Healthcare professionals must have a strong working knowledge of ethics and law to be competent and successful. A qualified professional knows how to provide safe, quality healthcare to a population of culturally diverse consumers. To address the needs of all patients, you can apply models such as shared decision making, where patients are encouraged to share their preferences and needs. The application of this model requires that healthcare professionals know how to apply ethical theories such as patient autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, and fidelity when caring for patients. On a daily basis, healthcare professionals face ethical dilemmas involving patients and colleagues. Understanding how to effectively apply the code of ethics in your field, and various other codes of professional conduct, is an important skill required of all healthcare professionals. By applying ethical decision making, you positively impact the delivery of safe, quality healthcare. Under certain circumstances, healthcare professionals can be sued by patients for malpractice; it is more common for physicians to be sued when patients are injured or die as a result of their medical care. Healthcare professionals need a clear understanding of the elements of medical malpractice (standard of care, breach, causation, and damages) and how they are applied by a judge in a court of law. Healthcare professionals play a critical role due to the nature of their relationship with both patients and physicians. To remain competent and grow in the field, healthcare professionals are expected to understand how their professional responsibility includes a wide-ranging accountability to self, their profession, their patients, and the public. Your final case study for this course will require you to analyze a court decision in which a physician was found liable for medical malpractice. You will focus on facts pertaining to the medical standard of care, breach of care, and causation, and explain how they were applied to law. You will then use the facts of the case to identify an ethics issue and determine an ethical theory that would help provide a safe, quality healthcare experience for the patient. Next, you will apply a clinician–patient shared decision-making model to describe how the ethics issue could be resolved. You will also include a discussion about possible violations of the code of ethics in you ...
Ethical DilemmaAssume you are a manager of a large heavy equipme.docxgitagrimston
Ethical Dilemma
Assume you are a manager of a large heavy equipment manufacturing company. Your company currently outsources the manufacturing of a specialized piece of equipment to a firm in another country. The outsourcing of this piece of equipment has saved your organization a considerable amount of money and has increased profits by 15%. A recent newspaper article has revealed that this firm is paying their employees only a few dollars a day and their employees often work long hours. While you are not the only company that uses this firm your company was specifically named in the newspaper article. You have been asked by your CEO to make a decision on whether or not to continue to do business with this firm.
post your answers to the following questions in paragraph form (minimum of 500-600 words) Be sure to incorporate your weekly readings, citing your sources using proper APA (including in-text citations and references). In making this decision you will need to do the following:
1. Discuss the ethics of continuing to do business with this firm. In this discussion evaluate the economic, legal and ethical issues. Describe how a written code of ethics might impact your decision.
2. Describe any other factors you would consider in making a decision to continue or discontinue doing business with this organization.
3. State the process you would follow to make your decision, provide your decision, and explain the decision making style you have used.
4. Prepare A SWOT analysis of your decision using the following table:
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
Notes from class readings
Criteria for Ethical Decision Making
Most ethical dilemmas involve a conflict between the needs of the part and the whole—the individual versus the organization or the organization versus society as a whole. For example, should a company scrutinize job candidates' or employees' social media postings, which might benefit the organization as a whole but reduce the individual freedom of employees? Or should products that fail to meet tough Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards be exported to other countries where government standards are lower, benefiting the company but potentially harming world citizens? Sometimes ethical decisions entail a conflict between two groups. For example, should the potential for local health problems resulting from a company's effluents take precedence over the jobs it creates as the town's leading employer?
Managers faced with these kinds of tough ethical choices often benefit from a normative strategy—one based on norms and values—to guide their decision making. Normative ethics uses several approaches to describe values for guiding ethical decision making. Five approaches that are relevant to managers are the utilitarian approach, individualism approach, moral-rights approach, justice approach, and practical approach.27
Utilitarian Approach
The utilitarian approach, espoused by the nineteenth-centu ...
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THE QUEST FOR A CODE OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AN INTELLECTUAL AND M.docxoreo10
THE QUEST FOR A CODE OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS: AN INTELLECTUAL AND MORAL CONFUSION
John Ladd
My role as a philosopher is to act as a gadfly. If this were Athens in the fifth century B. c. you would probably throw me in prison for what I shall say, and I would be promptly condemned to death for attacking your idols. But you can't do that in this day and age; you can't even ask for your money back, since I am not being paid. All that you can do is to throw eggs at me or simply walk out!
My theme is stated in the title: it is that the whole notion of an organized professional ethics is an absurdity-intellectual and moral. Furthermore, I shall argue that there are few positive benefits to be derived from having a code and the possibility of mischievous side effects of adopting a code is substantial. Unfortunately, in the time allotted to me I can only summarize what I have to say on this topic.
1. To begin with, ethics itself is basically an open-ended, reflective and critical intellectual activity. It is essentially problematic and controversial, both as far as its principles are concerned and in its application. Ethics consists of issues to be examined, explored, discussed, deliberated, and argued. Ethical principles can be established only as a result of deliberation and argumentation. These principles are not the kind of thing that can be settled by fiat, by agreement or by authority. To assume that they can be is to confuse ethics with law-making, rule making, policy-making and other kinds of decision making. It follows that, ethical principles, as such, cannot be established by associations, organizations, or by a consensus of their members. To speak of codifying ethics, therefore, makes no more sense than to speak of codifying medicine, anthropology or architecture.
2. Even if substantial agreement could be reached on ethical principles and they could be set out in a code, the attempt to impose such principles on others in the guise
Reprinted from Rosemary Chalk, Mark S. Frankel, and Sallie B. Chafer, eds., AAAS Professional Ethics Project: Professional Ethics Activities in the Scientific and Engineering Societies (Washington, D.C.: AAAS, 1980), pp. 154-59, with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
(1)
of ethics contradicts the notion of ethics itself, which presumes that persons are autonomous moral agents. In Kant's terms, such an attempt makes ethics- heteronymous; it confuses ethics with some kind of externally imposed set of rules such as a code of ethics which, indeed, is heteronymous. To put the point in more popular language: ethics must, by its very nature, be self-directed rather than other-directed.
3. Thus, in attaching disciplinary procedures, methods of adjudication and principles that one calls "ethical" one automatically converts them into legal rules or some other kind of authoritative rules of conduct such as the bylaws of an organization, ...
THE QUEST FOR A CODE OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AN INTELLECTUAL AND M.docxssusera34210
THE QUEST FOR A CODE OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS: AN INTELLECTUAL AND MORAL CONFUSION
John Ladd
My role as a philosopher is to act as a gadfly. If this were Athens in the fifth century B. c. you would probably throw me in prison for what I shall say, and I would be promptly condemned to death for attacking your idols. But you can't do that in this day and age; you can't even ask for your money back, since I am not being paid. All that you can do is to throw eggs at me or simply walk out!
My theme is stated in the title: it is that the whole notion of an organized professional ethics is an absurdity-intellectual and moral. Furthermore, I shall argue that there are few positive benefits to be derived from having a code and the possibility of mischievous side effects of adopting a code is substantial. Unfortunately, in the time allotted to me I can only summarize what I have to say on this topic.
1. To begin with, ethics itself is basically an open-ended, reflective and critical intellectual activity. It is essentially problematic and controversial, both as far as its principles are concerned and in its application. Ethics consists of issues to be examined, explored, discussed, deliberated, and argued. Ethical principles can be established only as a result of deliberation and argumentation. These principles are not the kind of thing that can be settled by fiat, by agreement or by authority. To assume that they can be is to confuse ethics with law-making, rule making, policy-making and other kinds of decision making. It follows that, ethical principles, as such, cannot be established by associations, organizations, or by a consensus of their members. To speak of codifying ethics, therefore, makes no more sense than to speak of codifying medicine, anthropology or architecture.
2. Even if substantial agreement could be reached on ethical principles and they could be set out in a code, the attempt to impose such principles on others in the guise
Reprinted from Rosemary Chalk, Mark S. Frankel, and Sallie B. Chafer, eds., AAAS Professional Ethics Project: Professional Ethics Activities in the Scientific and Engineering Societies (Washington, D.C.: AAAS, 1980), pp. 154-59, with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
(1)
of ethics contradicts the notion of ethics itself, which presumes that persons are autonomous moral agents. In Kant's terms, such an attempt makes ethics- heteronymous; it confuses ethics with some kind of externally imposed set of rules such as a code of ethics which, indeed, is heteronymous. To put the point in more popular language: ethics must, by its very nature, be self-directed rather than other-directed.
3. Thus, in attaching disciplinary procedures, methods of adjudication and principles that one calls "ethical" one automatically converts them into legal rules or some other kind of authoritative rules of conduct such as the bylaws of an organization, regulat ...
AssignmentRespond to two or more of your classmates in one or m.docxnormanibarber20063
Assignment:
Respond to two or more of your classmates in one or more of the following ways:
· Offer your thoughts on where the example codes of conduct provided by your colleague either assisted or could have assisted in preventing negative consequences. Support your position by suggesting potential scenarios to which the code of conduct/ethics may apply.
· Offer specific examples from your experience or observations/research of situations where such codes would have made decision making simpler or kept individuals from making bad choices in the use or management of information or information systems.
· Compare the findings of your colleague with your own. What insights did you gain or can you offer as a result of your comparison? Did your colleague take a stand regarding the value of establishing a code of conduct/ethics related to information and information systems that was different from yours, and if so, was the argument made persuasively, or do you think your stand is still more appropriate? Defend your position with evidence and specific examples.
· Offer your insights on how a code of conduct can assist businesses operating globally when there are potential compromises as a result of different cultural norms, practices, expectations, or regulations. Provide examples of where global practices might differ and what managers may need to ensure their employees are not compromised in various situations that may occur. Provide specific examples from your experience or observations.
1st Colleague to respond to:
Technology is used today for a variety of reasons, to communicate, to send information, to store information, and can pose ethical issues. According to Brooks (2010), technology, primarily computer-based systems, can be responsible for unethical information. Businesses need to utilize a code of ethics/conduct to align their business decisions with their systems. Technology is an avenue for a person to be exposed to privileged information. Having a code of ethics enables the organization to hold employees to a set of standards about how to behave. When policies are not in place, it exposes the organization to risks. According to Brooks (2010), when policies are not clear, ethical decisions are left to the discretion of the employee, and this judgment varies widely from person to person. Unethical issues can range from improper and dishonest use of privileged information. According to Brooks (2010), developing a code of ethics specific to IT is necessary to establish trust, foster a culture of honesty, and corporate integrity. The increase in technology development has opened us to all kinds of information, and companies need to communicate how technology is to be utilized. Leaders must apply the code of ethics to daily business; having a policy in an of itself does not guarantee ethical behavior (Brooks, 2010).
Goggle is a widely known and highly trusted search engine with approximately 3 billion searches per day. The code of conduct.
YThis paper is due Monday, 30 November. You will need to use at leas.docxpaynetawnya
YThis paper is due Monday, 30 November. You will need to use at least ONE primary source, and TWO secondary sources. 12 font, double spaced, New times, 5 pages.
How did the Vikings construct their ships so that they were able to go such long distances? What impact did they have on the areas that they settled?
No plagiarism and No Paraphrasing. Put it on your own words, this is a major and final exam grade, please.
I will only accept on GOOD RATINGS PROFESSORS
.
You have spent a lot of time researching a company. Would you inve.docxpaynetawnya
You have spent a lot of time researching a company. Would you invest in that company? (assume you can afford it). Why or why not? Is another company covered by a classmate preferable?
The company is Lenovo.Co
at least 250 words.
othr company my classmates covered are Walmart, Apple.Inc, Ikea,etc
.
ZXY Corporation has relocated to a new building that was wired and s.docxpaynetawnya
ZXY Corporation has relocated to a new building that was wired and set up for a local area network (LAN). The company implemented a client/server-based network in which all printers, folders, and other resources are shared but everyone has access to everything and there is no security outside of the defaults that were in place when the system was set up.
You have been hired to secure ZXY’s network and ensure that the company has the highest levels of security to protect against internal and external attacks. In an 8-10 page proposal, include the following items to provide a comprehensive secure environment:
A plan to provide secure access control methods for all user access
A viable password policy, which includes complexity, duration, and history requirements
A cryptography method to ensure vital data is encrypted
A remote access plan to ensure that users who access the network remotely do so in a secure and efficient manner
A thorough plan to protect the network from malware and various types of malicious attacks
Your proposal should include all of the elements noted above with support, detail, and elaboration for each section explicitly grounded in knowledge from the assigned readings and media along with any outside sources you may choose to bring into your writing.
Your paper should be 8-10 pages in length with document formatting and citations of sources in conformity with APA Guidelines
.
More Related Content
Similar to 1. Please give a formal definition of each of the following legal .docx
The Belmont Report (Three Benchmark Rules)ClinosolIndia
The Belmont Report, published in 1979, is a seminal document in the field of research ethics. It was developed by the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research in response to unethical research practices, particularly the infamous Tuskegee Syphilis Study. The report sets forth three fundamental ethical principles, often referred to as the "Three Benchmark Rules," that guide the ethical conduct of research involving human subjects. These principles are:
Respect for Persons:
The principle of respect for persons emphasizes the autonomy and dignity of individuals. It requires that individuals be treated as autonomous agents capable of making informed decisions about their participation in research. Researchers must obtain informed consent from potential subjects and provide them with all relevant information regarding the purpose, risks, benefits, and alternatives of the study. Special provisions must be made for individuals with diminished autonomy, such as children or those with cognitive impairments, to ensure their rights and welfare are protected.
Beneficence:
The principle of beneficence emphasizes the obligation to maximize benefits and minimize harm to research subjects. Researchers must ensure that the potential benefits of the study outweigh the potential risks. They should conduct a thorough risk-benefit analysis and design their studies to maximize potential benefits while minimizing any potential harm or discomfort to participants. Additionally, researchers must make ongoing assessments of the risks and benefits throughout the course of the study and take necessary steps to minimize harm and maximize benefits.
Justice:
The principle of justice requires the fair distribution of the burdens and benefits of research. It emphasizes the need for equal access to participation in research, regardless of factors such as race, gender, socioeconomic status, or other characteristics. Researchers must ensure that the selection of research subjects is fair and avoid exploiting vulnerable populations. Additionally, the benefits derived from research should be distributed equitably, ensuring that the burdens of research are not borne solely by disadvantaged groups while the benefits accrue to others.
These Three Benchmark Rules provided in the Belmont Report serve as the foundation for modern ethical guidelines and regulations governing research involving human subjects. They have significantly influenced the development of ethical review boards and informed consent processes, ensuring the protection of individuals' rights and well-being in research studies.
Code of ethics and legal practices has been very old element in the professional management of the doctor’s behaviour. The ethical practices or code shows a commitment to act with honesty in extreme situations. At the time patients seek medical treatment they are not just entering a normal social relationship, they often feel vulnerable but required to share and expose important aspects of their lives. Codes of ethical conducts provide some tangible safety to both doctors and patients in such circumstances. In the below report, the researcher is explaining ethical, legal and
professional guidelines and principles for health care as well as its implications in the healthcare sector of the United Kingdom. After reading this report, the reader would be able to understand how healthcare adopts ethical practices at the workplace and ensures protection of patients in their medical treatment.
Research your chosen company, which is Kaiser Permanente. F.docxdebishakespeare
Research your chosen company, which is Kaiser Permanente. Find a minimum of one library source, which will support your thesis in this assignment. Review your assigned weekly lecture and text reading. Select from this reading 3-5 key concepts, which will also support your thesis. In a two to three page paper, address the questions below. Your paper should follow APA format including a title and reference page. The two to three page paper length requirement does NOT include the title page and reference page. Use APA Standards in Your Coursework to ensure you are following the correct format.
Describe some of the key decisions its management has faced within the past year or two. Identify an ethical issue the organization either faces or has faced in the past. If it has not been resolved, provide an analysis of how the issue should be addressed. If it has been resolved, critique how the organization resolved this issue based on the materials you have reviewed on ethical decision-making.
Notes/concepts from readings
Criteria for Ethical Decision Making
Most ethical dilemmas involve a conflict between the needs of the part and the whole—the individual versus the organization or the organization versus society as a whole. For example, should a company scrutinize job candidates' or employees' social media postings, which might benefit the organization as a whole but reduce the individual freedom of employees? Or should products that fail to meet tough Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards be exported to other countries where government standards are lower, benefiting the company but potentially harming world citizens? Sometimes ethical decisions entail a conflict between two groups. For example, should the potential for local health problems resulting from a company's effluents take precedence over the jobs it creates as the town's leading employer?
Managers faced with these kinds of tough ethical choices often benefit from a normative strategy—one based on norms and values—to guide their decision making. Normative ethics uses several approaches to describe values for guiding ethical decision making. Five approaches that are relevant to managers are the utilitarian approach, individualism approach, moral-rights approach, justice approach, and practical approach.27
Utilitarian Approach
The utilitarian approach, espoused by the nineteenth-century philosophers Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, holds that moral behavior produces the greatest good for the greatest number. Under this approach, a decision maker is expected to consider the effect of each decision alternative on all parties and select the one that optimizes the benefits for the greatest number of people. In the trolley dilemma earlier in this chapter, for instance, the utilitarian approach would hold that it would be moral to push one person to his death in order to save five. The utilitarian ethic is cited as the basis for the recent trend among companies to mon ...
OCNZ has adopted a capabilities framework for NZ osteopaths. Domain 6 deals with a wide range of compliance issues - practice takes places in both a spatial environment and a wide legal context
You have been working on this project for weeks, and now it is twalthamcoretta
You have been working on this project for weeks, and now it is time to submit your final version. This should be a complete, polished artifact that contains all of the required critical elements and incorporates the feedback you received from your instructor on Milestones One and Two. This is your opportunity to shine!
To complete this assignment, review the
Final Project I Guidelines and Rubric
document.
Note:
This activity is one of many that will contribute to the completion of the final projects. See the
Final Project Assignment Table
for more information.
Healthcare professionals must have a strong working knowledge of ethics and law to be competent and successful. A qualified professional knows how to provide safe, quality healthcare to a population of culturally diverse consumers. To address the needs of all patients, you can apply models such as shared decision making, where patients are encouraged to share their preferences and needs. The application of this model requires that healthcare professionals know how to apply ethical theories such as patient autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, and fidelity when caring for patients. On a daily basis, healthcare professionals face ethical dilemmas involving patients and colleagues. Understanding how to effectively apply the code of ethics in your field, and various other codes of professional conduct, is an important skill required of all healthcare professionals. By applying ethical decision making, you positively impact the delivery of safe, quality healthcare. Under certain circumstances, healthcare professionals can be sued by patients for malpractice; it is more common for physicians to be sued when patients are injured or die as a result of their medical care. Healthcare professionals need a clear understanding of the elements of medical malpractice (standard of care, breach, causation, and damages) and how they are applied by a judge in a court of law. Healthcare professionals play a critical role due to the nature of their relationship with both patients and physicians. To remain competent and grow in the field, healthcare professionals are expected to understand how their professional responsibility includes a wide-ranging accountability to self, their profession, their patients, and the public. Your final case study for this course will require you to analyze a court decision in which a physician was found liable for medical malpractice. You will focus on facts pertaining to the medical standard of care, breach of care, and causation, and explain how they were applied to law. You will then use the facts of the case to identify an ethics issue and determine an ethical theory that would help provide a safe, quality healthcare experience for the patient. Next, you will apply a clinician–patient shared decision-making model to describe how the ethics issue could be resolved. You will also include a discussion about possible violations of the code of ethics in you ...
Ethical DilemmaAssume you are a manager of a large heavy equipme.docxgitagrimston
Ethical Dilemma
Assume you are a manager of a large heavy equipment manufacturing company. Your company currently outsources the manufacturing of a specialized piece of equipment to a firm in another country. The outsourcing of this piece of equipment has saved your organization a considerable amount of money and has increased profits by 15%. A recent newspaper article has revealed that this firm is paying their employees only a few dollars a day and their employees often work long hours. While you are not the only company that uses this firm your company was specifically named in the newspaper article. You have been asked by your CEO to make a decision on whether or not to continue to do business with this firm.
post your answers to the following questions in paragraph form (minimum of 500-600 words) Be sure to incorporate your weekly readings, citing your sources using proper APA (including in-text citations and references). In making this decision you will need to do the following:
1. Discuss the ethics of continuing to do business with this firm. In this discussion evaluate the economic, legal and ethical issues. Describe how a written code of ethics might impact your decision.
2. Describe any other factors you would consider in making a decision to continue or discontinue doing business with this organization.
3. State the process you would follow to make your decision, provide your decision, and explain the decision making style you have used.
4. Prepare A SWOT analysis of your decision using the following table:
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
Notes from class readings
Criteria for Ethical Decision Making
Most ethical dilemmas involve a conflict between the needs of the part and the whole—the individual versus the organization or the organization versus society as a whole. For example, should a company scrutinize job candidates' or employees' social media postings, which might benefit the organization as a whole but reduce the individual freedom of employees? Or should products that fail to meet tough Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards be exported to other countries where government standards are lower, benefiting the company but potentially harming world citizens? Sometimes ethical decisions entail a conflict between two groups. For example, should the potential for local health problems resulting from a company's effluents take precedence over the jobs it creates as the town's leading employer?
Managers faced with these kinds of tough ethical choices often benefit from a normative strategy—one based on norms and values—to guide their decision making. Normative ethics uses several approaches to describe values for guiding ethical decision making. Five approaches that are relevant to managers are the utilitarian approach, individualism approach, moral-rights approach, justice approach, and practical approach.27
Utilitarian Approach
The utilitarian approach, espoused by the nineteenth-centu ...
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THE QUEST FOR A CODE OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AN INTELLECTUAL AND M.docxoreo10
THE QUEST FOR A CODE OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS: AN INTELLECTUAL AND MORAL CONFUSION
John Ladd
My role as a philosopher is to act as a gadfly. If this were Athens in the fifth century B. c. you would probably throw me in prison for what I shall say, and I would be promptly condemned to death for attacking your idols. But you can't do that in this day and age; you can't even ask for your money back, since I am not being paid. All that you can do is to throw eggs at me or simply walk out!
My theme is stated in the title: it is that the whole notion of an organized professional ethics is an absurdity-intellectual and moral. Furthermore, I shall argue that there are few positive benefits to be derived from having a code and the possibility of mischievous side effects of adopting a code is substantial. Unfortunately, in the time allotted to me I can only summarize what I have to say on this topic.
1. To begin with, ethics itself is basically an open-ended, reflective and critical intellectual activity. It is essentially problematic and controversial, both as far as its principles are concerned and in its application. Ethics consists of issues to be examined, explored, discussed, deliberated, and argued. Ethical principles can be established only as a result of deliberation and argumentation. These principles are not the kind of thing that can be settled by fiat, by agreement or by authority. To assume that they can be is to confuse ethics with law-making, rule making, policy-making and other kinds of decision making. It follows that, ethical principles, as such, cannot be established by associations, organizations, or by a consensus of their members. To speak of codifying ethics, therefore, makes no more sense than to speak of codifying medicine, anthropology or architecture.
2. Even if substantial agreement could be reached on ethical principles and they could be set out in a code, the attempt to impose such principles on others in the guise
Reprinted from Rosemary Chalk, Mark S. Frankel, and Sallie B. Chafer, eds., AAAS Professional Ethics Project: Professional Ethics Activities in the Scientific and Engineering Societies (Washington, D.C.: AAAS, 1980), pp. 154-59, with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
(1)
of ethics contradicts the notion of ethics itself, which presumes that persons are autonomous moral agents. In Kant's terms, such an attempt makes ethics- heteronymous; it confuses ethics with some kind of externally imposed set of rules such as a code of ethics which, indeed, is heteronymous. To put the point in more popular language: ethics must, by its very nature, be self-directed rather than other-directed.
3. Thus, in attaching disciplinary procedures, methods of adjudication and principles that one calls "ethical" one automatically converts them into legal rules or some other kind of authoritative rules of conduct such as the bylaws of an organization, ...
THE QUEST FOR A CODE OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AN INTELLECTUAL AND M.docxssusera34210
THE QUEST FOR A CODE OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS: AN INTELLECTUAL AND MORAL CONFUSION
John Ladd
My role as a philosopher is to act as a gadfly. If this were Athens in the fifth century B. c. you would probably throw me in prison for what I shall say, and I would be promptly condemned to death for attacking your idols. But you can't do that in this day and age; you can't even ask for your money back, since I am not being paid. All that you can do is to throw eggs at me or simply walk out!
My theme is stated in the title: it is that the whole notion of an organized professional ethics is an absurdity-intellectual and moral. Furthermore, I shall argue that there are few positive benefits to be derived from having a code and the possibility of mischievous side effects of adopting a code is substantial. Unfortunately, in the time allotted to me I can only summarize what I have to say on this topic.
1. To begin with, ethics itself is basically an open-ended, reflective and critical intellectual activity. It is essentially problematic and controversial, both as far as its principles are concerned and in its application. Ethics consists of issues to be examined, explored, discussed, deliberated, and argued. Ethical principles can be established only as a result of deliberation and argumentation. These principles are not the kind of thing that can be settled by fiat, by agreement or by authority. To assume that they can be is to confuse ethics with law-making, rule making, policy-making and other kinds of decision making. It follows that, ethical principles, as such, cannot be established by associations, organizations, or by a consensus of their members. To speak of codifying ethics, therefore, makes no more sense than to speak of codifying medicine, anthropology or architecture.
2. Even if substantial agreement could be reached on ethical principles and they could be set out in a code, the attempt to impose such principles on others in the guise
Reprinted from Rosemary Chalk, Mark S. Frankel, and Sallie B. Chafer, eds., AAAS Professional Ethics Project: Professional Ethics Activities in the Scientific and Engineering Societies (Washington, D.C.: AAAS, 1980), pp. 154-59, with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
(1)
of ethics contradicts the notion of ethics itself, which presumes that persons are autonomous moral agents. In Kant's terms, such an attempt makes ethics- heteronymous; it confuses ethics with some kind of externally imposed set of rules such as a code of ethics which, indeed, is heteronymous. To put the point in more popular language: ethics must, by its very nature, be self-directed rather than other-directed.
3. Thus, in attaching disciplinary procedures, methods of adjudication and principles that one calls "ethical" one automatically converts them into legal rules or some other kind of authoritative rules of conduct such as the bylaws of an organization, regulat ...
AssignmentRespond to two or more of your classmates in one or m.docxnormanibarber20063
Assignment:
Respond to two or more of your classmates in one or more of the following ways:
· Offer your thoughts on where the example codes of conduct provided by your colleague either assisted or could have assisted in preventing negative consequences. Support your position by suggesting potential scenarios to which the code of conduct/ethics may apply.
· Offer specific examples from your experience or observations/research of situations where such codes would have made decision making simpler or kept individuals from making bad choices in the use or management of information or information systems.
· Compare the findings of your colleague with your own. What insights did you gain or can you offer as a result of your comparison? Did your colleague take a stand regarding the value of establishing a code of conduct/ethics related to information and information systems that was different from yours, and if so, was the argument made persuasively, or do you think your stand is still more appropriate? Defend your position with evidence and specific examples.
· Offer your insights on how a code of conduct can assist businesses operating globally when there are potential compromises as a result of different cultural norms, practices, expectations, or regulations. Provide examples of where global practices might differ and what managers may need to ensure their employees are not compromised in various situations that may occur. Provide specific examples from your experience or observations.
1st Colleague to respond to:
Technology is used today for a variety of reasons, to communicate, to send information, to store information, and can pose ethical issues. According to Brooks (2010), technology, primarily computer-based systems, can be responsible for unethical information. Businesses need to utilize a code of ethics/conduct to align their business decisions with their systems. Technology is an avenue for a person to be exposed to privileged information. Having a code of ethics enables the organization to hold employees to a set of standards about how to behave. When policies are not in place, it exposes the organization to risks. According to Brooks (2010), when policies are not clear, ethical decisions are left to the discretion of the employee, and this judgment varies widely from person to person. Unethical issues can range from improper and dishonest use of privileged information. According to Brooks (2010), developing a code of ethics specific to IT is necessary to establish trust, foster a culture of honesty, and corporate integrity. The increase in technology development has opened us to all kinds of information, and companies need to communicate how technology is to be utilized. Leaders must apply the code of ethics to daily business; having a policy in an of itself does not guarantee ethical behavior (Brooks, 2010).
Goggle is a widely known and highly trusted search engine with approximately 3 billion searches per day. The code of conduct.
YThis paper is due Monday, 30 November. You will need to use at leas.docxpaynetawnya
YThis paper is due Monday, 30 November. You will need to use at least ONE primary source, and TWO secondary sources. 12 font, double spaced, New times, 5 pages.
How did the Vikings construct their ships so that they were able to go such long distances? What impact did they have on the areas that they settled?
No plagiarism and No Paraphrasing. Put it on your own words, this is a major and final exam grade, please.
I will only accept on GOOD RATINGS PROFESSORS
.
You have spent a lot of time researching a company. Would you inve.docxpaynetawnya
You have spent a lot of time researching a company. Would you invest in that company? (assume you can afford it). Why or why not? Is another company covered by a classmate preferable?
The company is Lenovo.Co
at least 250 words.
othr company my classmates covered are Walmart, Apple.Inc, Ikea,etc
.
ZXY Corporation has relocated to a new building that was wired and s.docxpaynetawnya
ZXY Corporation has relocated to a new building that was wired and set up for a local area network (LAN). The company implemented a client/server-based network in which all printers, folders, and other resources are shared but everyone has access to everything and there is no security outside of the defaults that were in place when the system was set up.
You have been hired to secure ZXY’s network and ensure that the company has the highest levels of security to protect against internal and external attacks. In an 8-10 page proposal, include the following items to provide a comprehensive secure environment:
A plan to provide secure access control methods for all user access
A viable password policy, which includes complexity, duration, and history requirements
A cryptography method to ensure vital data is encrypted
A remote access plan to ensure that users who access the network remotely do so in a secure and efficient manner
A thorough plan to protect the network from malware and various types of malicious attacks
Your proposal should include all of the elements noted above with support, detail, and elaboration for each section explicitly grounded in knowledge from the assigned readings and media along with any outside sources you may choose to bring into your writing.
Your paper should be 8-10 pages in length with document formatting and citations of sources in conformity with APA Guidelines
.
Zero Describe the system (briefly!). As in I’m going to talk ab.docxpaynetawnya
Zero:
Describe the system (briefly!). As in: I’m going to talk about the _____ system, which does this, that and the other thing.
First
: When we talk about confidentiality, we’re talking about
un
authorized access to information. That means there is (or at least probably is) authorized access to information. For your system, what roles or people are there with authorized access – and what information can they see or use. Is there anything special about their roles or their level of access? Are there exceptions?
Second
: What (briefly) is the worst possible scenario you can think of for a confidentiality failure/breach? What repercussions or impacts are there?
Third
: How – in technical or other terms – could (or can) you improve the security of the situation? What measures or technologies would make sense? Why?
.
Youre the JudgeThis week, you are a judge in a federal district c.docxpaynetawnya
You're the Judge
This week, you are a judge in a federal district court where a man has been charged with possessing and distributing cocaine. The police obtained the evidence of his drug possession and sale by searching his home. Police arrived at the defendant’s house without a warrant, and the defendant and his wife were at home. The officers knocked, and the wife answered the door and consented to the search. The defendant objected to the search. The defendant has filed a motion to have the evidence excluded from his trial. Decide if the evidence should be admitted, and provide the best arguments both the prosecutor and defendant can make to win the motion.
.
Your Week 2 collaborative discussion and the Ch. 2 of Introduction.docxpaynetawnya
Your Week 2 collaborative discussion and the Ch. 2 of
Introduction to Business
Research
the evolution of business with your assigned team members.
Locate
information on the following points:
Feudalism
Mercantilism
Capitalism
Commerce
Property rights
The Industrial Revolution
Individually,
create
a 10- to 15-slide Microsoft
®
PowerPoint
®
presentation describing the evolution of business.
BUS/211
.
Your thesis statement will explain the ambiguity of why Prince hal b.docxpaynetawnya
Your thesis statement will explain the ambiguity of why Prince hal behaves the way he does, and how he arrives at his final comittment for his future. The book is " Henry the IV part 1"
Will be three pages, double spaced, using MLA format. Research is optional but would help. Any quotations must be in the orginal Shakesperean language.
.
Your textbook states that body image—how a person believes heshe .docxpaynetawnya
Your textbook states that body image—how a person believes he/she looks—begins to be important in early childhood, especially for girls (Papalia et al., 2011). It has been suggested that the media plays a significant part in perpetuating the desire to be thin. What are your thoughts? How would you apply biblical principles to address this issue with your children?
.
Your textbook discusses various cultural models in terms of immigrat.docxpaynetawnya
Your textbook discusses various cultural models in terms of immigration, such as assimilation, pluralism, and multiculturalism. What model is used today?
Use the library and your course materials to research these models. Your analysis should include a response to the following:
Discuss the assimilation, pluralism, and multiculturalism models, and include their historical timelines.
How is it that certain groups in the United States never given the opportunity to “assimilate”? Include the following groups in your analysis: Hispanics, African-Americans and others of African descent, Native-Americans, and Asian-Americans.
What model is used today?
Why is the current model significant in terms of access and privilege?
.
Your team has been given the land rights to an abandoned parcel of.docxpaynetawnya
Your team has been given the land rights to an abandoned parcel of land. The land has some unknown contamination; it has been stripped of natural vegetation, soil erosion has occurred, and a stream on the property is polluted. You have decided to turn this land into a sustainable agricultural food supply.
Resource:
University of Phoenix Material: Sustainable Agriculture Project Proposal Template
Design
solutions to develop the land. Provide a development plan to bring this land up to agricultural standards.
Write
a proposal to the city that describes the step-by-step plan your team intends to implement. Record your ideas on the University of Phoenix Material: Sustainable Agriculture Project Proposal Template.
Explain
the following in the proposal:
The importance—both locally and globally—of having a sustainable food supply
The major threats to this land’s sustainability
The characteristics that will enable your land to provide a long-term sustainable food supply
The steps your team will take to develop these characteristics
Ways this land will benefit the city economically and environmentally
The timeline of your plan
.
Your supervisor, Ms. Harris, possesses a bachelors of social work (.docxpaynetawnya
Your supervisor, Ms. Harris, possesses a bachelor's of social work (B.S.W.) degree and is working on her master's degree in social work (M.S.W.) by going to school at night on a part-time basis. Prior to accepting the position at the pretrial diversion program, she worked in a community mental health clinic providing services to low-income families. You have your bachelor's degree in criminal justice behind you and your internship with the pretrial diversion program is halfway completed. You and Ms. Harris have had some intense discussions about human service practice in general and human service practice in the criminal justice field in particular.
You decide that you will chart the similarities and differences between the two and present a detailed outline to her comparing and contrasting the two. A detailed outline is in the traditional form of an outline; however, the text will contain sentences as opposed to single words or phrases. In your detailed outline, you should cover the following topics:
Identify 2 ways in which human service practice is different in the mental health setting versus the criminal justice setting (you may use any venue in the criminal justice setting for comparison, such as prison, jail, juvenile detention, pretrial diversion, parole, probation, etc.).Identify 2 ways in which human service practice is similar in the mental health setting versus the criminal justice setting (you may use any venue in the criminal justice setting for comparison, such as prison, jail, juvenile detention, pretrial diversion, parole, probation, etc.).What role does human service practice play in the pretrial diversion setting specifically?At what point, if any, does human service practice in the mental health setting converge on the pretrial diversion setting?
You should cite all sources using APA style format, and include a reference section at the end of your submission.
Up to 300 words times new Roman,12 font
.
Your RatingGroup DiscussionDelinquency Prevention Please .docxpaynetawnya
Your Rating:
Group Discussion
"Delinquency Prevention" Please respond to the following:
Describe the key differences between primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention programs. Discuss the overall effectiveness of these types of programs.
From the e-Activity, identify at least two (2) factors that contribute to a delinquency prevention program’s success. Specify the primary manner in which these types of programs have improved the lives of juveniles and their families.
.
Your report due in Week 6 requires you to look at tools of liquidity.docxpaynetawnya
Your report due in Week 6 requires you to look at tools of liquidity, profitability, and solvency. Discuss several of the financial analysis tools useful in assessing inventory issues and report the actual numbers for the company you selected for Assignment 1 in Week 6. Describe the impact of your numbers on reasons for investing or not investing in the company
Identify the inventory valuation method (LIFO, FIFO, Average, etc.) used by your company and discuss the impact of the method on the income statement and balance sheet. Include the pros and cons/ tradeoffs of the method on the reported numbers.
.
Your Project Sponsor pulls you aside and admits that he has no idea .docxpaynetawnya
Your Project Sponsor pulls you aside and admits that he has no idea what earned value management concepts (EVM), such as AC, BCWP, and EV mean; he is only concerned that you deliver the project ahead of schedule and under budget. Using the information covered from your readings and other activities, develop a project to educate him, including which EVM performance measures you would educate him on. Provide a rationale for your selection of topics.
.
Your progress on the project thus far. Have you already compiled i.docxpaynetawnya
Your progress on the project thus far. Have you already compiled it?
Anything interesting you learned about the organization you chose.
The most difficult component of this project. What made it challenging? How did you address this challenge?
Post a 2 to 4 paragraph discussion post (300 words minimum). Justify your explanations by including in-text citations and references in APA format as applicable.
.
Week 6 - Discussion 1Evaluate the characteristics of each mode o.docxpaynetawnya
Week 6 - Discussion 1
Evaluate the characteristics of each mode of transportation in terms of time and cost efficiencies. Give examples.
Week 6 - Discussion 2
The Bill of Lading is the single most important document in transportation. Describe at least two functions it performs in international logistics.
.
WEEK 5 – EXERCISES Enter your answers in the spaces pr.docxpaynetawnya
WEEK 5 – EXERCISES
Enter your answers in the spaces provided. Save the file using your last name as the beginning of the file name (e.g., ruf_week5_exercises) and submit via “Assignments.” When appropriate,
show your work
. You can do the work by hand, scan/take a digital picture, and attach that file with your work.
For the following question(s): A school counselor tests the level of depression in fourth graders in a particular class of 20 students. The counselor wants to know whether the kind of students in this class differs from that of fourth graders in general at her school. On the test, a score of 10 indicates severe depression, while a score of 0 indicates no depression. From reports, she is able to find out about past testing. Fourth graders at her school usually score 5 on the scale, but the variation is not known. Her sample of 20 fifth graders has a mean depression score of 4.4. Use the .01 level of significance.
1.
The counselor calculates the unbiased estimate of the population’s variance to be 15. What is the variance of the distribution of means?
A)
15/20 = 0.75
B)
15/19 = 0.79
C)
15
2
/20 = 11.25
D)
15
2
/19 = 11.84
2.
Suppose the counselor tested the null hypothesis that fourth graders in this class were
less
depressed than those at the school generally. She figures her
t
score to be
-
.20. What decision should she make regarding the null hypothesis?
A)
Reject it
B)
Fail to reject it
C)
Postpone any decisions until a more conclusive study could be conducted
D)
There is not enough information given to make a decision
3.
Suppose the standard deviation she figures (the square root of the unbiased estimate of the population variance) is .85. What is the effect size?
A)
5/.85 = 5.88
B)
.85/5 = .17
C)
(5
-
4.4)/.85 = .71
D)
.85/(5
-
4.4) = 1.42
For the following question(s): Professor Juarez thinks the students in her statistics class this term are more creative than most students at this university. A previous study found that students at this university had a mean score of 35 on a standard creativity test. Professor Juarez finds that her class scores an average of 40 on this scale, with an estimated population standard deviation of 7. The standard deviation of the distribution of means comes out to 1.63.
4.
What is the
t
score?
A)
(40
-
35)/7 = .71
B)
(40
-
35)/1.63 = 3.07
C)
(40
-
35)/7
2
= 5/49 = .10
D)
(40
-
35)/1.63
2
= 5/2.66 = 1.88
5.
What effect size did Professor Juarez find?
A)
(40
-
35)/7 = .71
B)
(40
-
35)/1.63 = 3.07
C)
(40
-
35)/7
2
= 5/49 = .10
D)
(40
-
35)/1.63
2
= 5/2.66 = 1.88
6.
If Professor Juarez had 30 students in her class, and she wanted to test her hypothesis using the 5% level of significance, what cutoff
t
score would she use? (You should be able to figure this out without a table because only one answer is in the correct region.)
A)
304.11
B)
1.699.
Week 5 Writing Assignment (Part 2) Outline and Preliminary List o.docxpaynetawnya
Week 5
Writing Assignment (Part 2): Outline and Preliminary List of References
Due Week 5 and worth 100 points
Complete the outline after you have done library / Internet research for evidence that bears on your hypothesis. Provide information about all of the following components of the final paper:
Subject:
Poverty.
What is your hypothesis?
1.
Specific Hypothesis
.
2.
Applicable Sociological Concepts
.
3.
Practical Implications
. Discuss the value of sociological research into your issue. Determine whether or not there are (or would be) practical implications of sociological inquiry into this issue.
Evidence
. This is the most important part of the paper. Analyze at least two (2) lines of evidence that pertain to the hypothesis that you are evaluating. Does the evidence support your hypothesis? For each type of evidence, consider possible biases and alternative interpretations.
Conclusions
. Draw conclusions based on the evidence that you have discovered. Does the evidence confirm or refute your hypothesis? Is the evidence sufficiently convincing to draw firm conclusions about your hypothesis?
For example, here is a generic example of what the headings of your possible outline might look like:
I.
Specific Hypothesis.
II.
Applicable Sociological Concepts.
a.
Theory A
b.
Concept 1
c.
Concept 2
III.
Practical Implications.
a.
Implications for public policy
i.
Education
ii.
Taxes
b.
Implications for employers
c.
Implications for spouses of workaholics
Evidence.
Line of evidence 1
i.
The evidence and what it means
ii.
Possible biases
iii.
Alternative explanations of what it means.
b.
Line of evidence 2
i.
The evidence and what it means
ii.
Possible biases
Conclusion(s): All available evidence refutes the hypothesis, but there are alternative explanations.
References
:
Baker, A. & Abel, E (2005) Villagers reject modern attitudes about car washing.
International Journal of Sociology
, 11, 12-57. Retrieved from EBSCO-Host.
Doe, J. (2010, April 1) Villagers retain traditional attitudes despite bombardment with western television.
The New York Times
. Retrieved from
www.nytimes.com/village_update
Steiner, H. (2012, January 4) Revolt against local ordinances in the village.
Time Magazine
. pp. 14-15.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA format.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Evaluate the various methodologies for sociological research.
Apply the sociological perspective to a variety of socioeconomic and political problems.
Critically examine how society shapes individuals and how individuals shape society.
Use technology and information resources to research issues in sociology.
Write clearly and concisely about sociology using proper writing mechanics.
.
Week 5 eActivityRead the Recommendation for Cryptographic Key.docxpaynetawnya
Week 5 eActivity
Read the "
Recommendation for Cryptographic Key Generation
" by NIST.
Read Chapter 19 of "
An Introduction to Computer Security: The NIST Handbook.
"
Please be prepared to discuss each of these items
Analyze the overall attributes of symmetric and asymmetric cryptography technologies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each, and speculate upon the main reasons why organizations utilize both technologies today. Give an example of where you would consider using each of these forms of encryption within an organization to support your response.
From the e-Activity, give your opinion of whether cryptography should be a part of every email security strategy or if there are specific characteristics of organizations where such measures are not needed. Justify your answer.
.
Week 5 Discussion
Network Security
Supporting Activity: Network Security I
Write
a 200- to 300-word response to the following:
1
• What are the predominant electronic and physical threats to communications networks?
Supporting Activity Network Security II
Write
a 200- to 300-word response to the following question:
2 • What is the importance of explicit enterprise security policies and procedures?
.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
1. Please give a formal definition of each of the following legal .docx
1. 1. Please give a formal definition of each of the following legal
terms (citing your source), followed by an example of how it
might apply in a situation:
a. Discrimination; The unjust or prejudicial treatment of
different categories of people, especially on the grounds of race,
age, or sex. E.g, "victims of racial discrimination"
Source (google definition)
b. Duty of care; A moral or legal obligation to ensure the safety
or well-being of others. E.g. "employers have a duty of care to
their employees"
Source (google definition)
c. Informed consent; Permission granted in full knowledge of
the possible consequences, typically that which is given by a
patient to a doctor for treatment with knowledge of the possible
risks and benefits. E.g. "written informed consent was obtained
from each patient"
Source (google definition)
d. Mandatory reporting; Mandatory reporting is a term used to
describe the legislative requirement imposed on selected classes
of people to report suspected cases of child abuse and neglect to
government authorities. Parliaments in all Australian states and
territories have enacted mandatory reporting laws of some
description. E.g. Registered medical practitioners, nurses,
midwives, a person registered as a teacher has to mandatory
report child abuse
Source (https://aifs.gov.au/cfca/publications/mandatory-
reporting-child-abuse-and-neglect)
2. Please give a brief explanation of each of the following
subjects/issues (citing your source, if quoting) followed by an
example of how it might apply in a situation:
a. Code of conduct; The definition of a code of conduct is a
2. collection of rules and regulations that include what is and is
not acceptable or expected behavior. A handbook of an
organization setting forth rules for behavior by members is an
example of a code of conduct. E.g. google code of conduct; the
code underscores the importance of speaking up and taking
action against wrongdoing while complementing the scope of
Google’s operations and culture. For example, one section of
the code of conduct is dedicated to the company’s “Dog Policy”
which the company suggests is key to its unique organizational
culture.
-Concise
-Well Organized
b. Code of practice; A code of practice is a set of written rules
which explains how people working in a particular profession
should behave. The auctioneers are violating a code of practice
by dealing in stolen goods. E.g. The auctioneers are violating a
code of practice by dealing in stolen goods.
Source
(https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/code-of-
practice)
c. Practice standards; The Practice Standards. Values and ethics.
Social workers demonstrate that the values of social work are
integral to their practice, they uphold their ethical
responsibilities and they act appropriately when faced with
ethical problems, issues and dilemmas.
Source (https://www.aasw.asn.au/practitioner-
resources/practice-standards)
d. Policy frameworks; A policy framework is document that sets
out a set of procedures or goals, which might be used in
negotiation or decision-making to guide a more detailed set of
policies, or to guide ongoing maintenance of an organization's
policies. E.g. assess then consult high level then research then
draft then approve then implement and finally review.
3. Source (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policy_framework)
e. Dignity of risk; Dignity of risk refers to a person's right to
experience all that life has to offer, such as learning a new skill
or taking part in an activity that may entail some element of risk
but has benefits that might include gaining greater self-esteem
and independence. E.g. Elderly should be allowed to do 'risky'
activities to improve lifestyle.
Source
(https://aussiechildcarenetwork.com.au/forum/certificate-3-
assignments/dignity-of-risk-7069)
f. Human rights; A right which is believed to belong to every
person. E.g. "a flagrant disregard for basic human rights".
Source (google definition)
g. Records management; Records management refers to a set of
activities required for systematically controlling the creation,
distribution, use, maintenance, and disposition of recorded
information maintained as evidence of business activities and
transactions. E.g. This organizational definition of record stems
from the early theorization of archives as organic aggregations
of records, that is "the written documents, drawings and printed
matter, officially received or produced by an administrative
body or one of its officials".
Source (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Records_management)
h. Work health and safety. Occupational safety and health
(OSH), also commonly referred to as occupational health and
safety (OHS), occupational health, or workplace health and
safety(WHS), is a multidisciplinary field concerned with the
safety, health, and welfare of people at work. E.g. facilities for
the welfare of workers. information, instruction, training and
supervision that is reasonably necessary to ensure that each
worker is safe from injury and risks to health. a commitment to
consult and co-operate with workers in all matters relating to
health and safety in the workplace.
4. Source
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health)
3. What might be some issues around having children in the
workplace?
1. Eliminate the hazard, hazardous work practice or hazardous
situation;
2. Substitute or replace the hazard, hazardous work practice or
hazardous situation with a less hazardous one;
3. Isolate or separate the hazard, hazardous work practice or
hazardous situation from children, for example, installing
barricades or gates;
4. Re-design the work area to remove the hazard or hazardous
situation, e.g. modifying plant and equipment
5. Introduce safety rules
4. Define in your own words:
a. Privacy; Privacy is the right of people to conceal information
about themselves that others might use to their disadvantage.
b. Confidentiality; The moral standard of classification requires
that information shared by a customer with a specialist over the
span of treatment isn't imparted to others. This rule supports the
remedial union, as it advances a domain of trust. There are
critical special cases to privacy, in particular where it clashes
with the clinician's obligation to caution or obligation to secure.
This includes instances of suicidal behavior or homicidal plans,
child abuse, elder abuse and dependent adult abuse.
c. Disclosure. Disclosure is when something is made known or
the fact that it is made known, e.g. any public disclosure made
public would be damaging to a company.
5. Explain the difference between privacy and confidentiality.
We regularly utilize the expressions "Confidentiality and
"Privacy" conversely in our regular daily existences. Be that as
it may, they mean particularly extraordinary things from a
lawful viewpoint. In the first place, Confidentiality alludes to
individual data imparted to a lawyer, doctor, advisor, or other
5. person that for the most part can't be uncovered to outsiders
without the express assent of the customer. Then again, Privacy
alludes to the flexibility from interruption into one's close to
home issues, and individual data. While Confidentiality is a
moral obligation, Privacy is a privilege established in customary
law. Understanding the distinction between these two terms can
save you a considerable measure of perplexity when marking
contracts, building up a customer lawyer relationship, and by
and large knowing your rights in a given circumstance.
6. Give an example of when disclosure would be justified, and
an example of when it wouldn't.
Information about the patient ‘belongs’ to the patient, not to the
doctor: patient autonomy is paramount. Therefore, if the patient
agrees to disclosure of their clinical information to a third
party, this would be permissible. The third party could be a
professional colleague or, indeed, any person authorized by the
patient or, in the case of children, by a parent or another
responsible adult. If the information between the patient and the
doctor/therapist is disclosed to the public, without consent or
meeting constitutional standards then it deemed as unjustified
disclosure.
7. Select and consider a work role relevant to the AOD sector
(e.g., counsellor).
a. When it comes to work role boundaries, what might be one
responsibility for the selected role, and what might be a
limitation of the role. Use examples if needed.
It can be difficult for even the most experienced AOD
counselors to see through the fog and navigate their way
through the maze of lies and manipulations. It's crucial that
counselors have well-established, firm professional boundaries.
Many AOD counselors enter the field because of a deep desire
to help others, but they must resist the urge to try to "save"
their clients and allow their clients to do the work themselves.
b. Why is the responsibility and the limitation you selected,
6. important? I.e., what could go wrong, if not observed? Use
examples if needed. Services should be relevant and responsive
to the individual needs of clients. They should be appropriate
for the client's gender, social circumstances, ethnic and cultural
background and take into account any other problems or
disabilities the person may have (for example: mental illness;
intellectual, physical or sensory disability; brain injury or
chronic illness). The client's values, expectations and belief
systems should be respected. The issue you might face is that
the client may develop distrust with the AOD counsellor.
c. When a presenting case falls outside of your scope, what two
(or more) key tasks would you do? speak to a professional
that’s more experienced in manipulative and lying clients and if
you still don’t feel comfortable then hand the case to another
AOD counselor with more experience in that certain field.
8. We all have rights and responsibilities, which change as our
role changes.
a. Give an example of both a right and a responsibility for a
worker. as a worker, it is your responsibility to read the
workplace and safety guidelines. Comply with all applicable
OSHA and Maine safety standards. Follow all lawful employer
safety and health rules and regulations.
b. Do the same for an employer. Employers must not allow
workers to be discriminated against, sexually harassed or
subjected to vilification by other workers, clients or
management. If they do, they can be held legally liable.
c. Do the same for a client. Be treated with respect, dignity and
courtesy regardless of age, disability, cultural and linguistic
background, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status,
and religious or spiritual beliefs. Have your right to privacy and
confidentiality protected, within the limits imposed by the law
and the duty of care.
9. Some legislation is AOD-specific, relating wholly and solely
7. to people with AOD issues, or with the way in which workers
conduct themselves. Identify one piece of AOD-specific
legislation (e.g., Severe Substance Dependence Treatment Act
2010, for the state of Victoria), and write a brief précis about
what it allows to occur, or prevents, or both.
The Severe Substance Depence Treatment Act 2010 allows to a
brief period of detention and treatment of clients who suffer and
endure the struggles of severe substance dependence and abuse.
This allows for AOD workers to provide compulsory treat of
those who clients with the most severe substance dependence
who are unable to make decisions regarding their substance use
and personal health.
10. Select three different assessment tools that might be used
when assessing someone with an AOD issue. For each selected
tool, identify:
a. Type of tool (e.g., self-report questionnaire)
b. Purpose of tool (i.e., what does it measure);
c. Any components or sub-sections it may comprise;
d. Any limits to its availability.
11. What is the benefit of using a standardised tool?
Assessing people with AOD issues, you might also discover
issues of a Physical, sensory, intellectual, psychiatric nature.
Standardized tools can be deemed beneficial as they are
developed tools with established statistical reliability and
validity through empirical evaluation. This tool requires all test
subjects to answerer the same items and questions in the same
consequential way that is then evaluated and scored in a
standard and consistent manner. Therefore, the individuals or
groups of individuals are able to be compared through relative
performance.
12. For each of the above issues, give an explanation or
definition, with an example of each.
a. Physical; Physical: Physical characteristics are defining traits
or features about the body of the client. Examples of these
8. include hair, clothes, eyes, skin condition, lips, or figure.
b. Sensory; Sensory: relating to sensation or the physical
senses, transmitted or perceived by the senses. Example, the
nerve centers with the sensoryand motor nerves and the organs
of sense.
c. Intellectual; and/or Intellectual; and/or: possessing or
showing intellect or mental capacity, especially to a high
degree. Example someone who continues to score high grades in
school is an intellectual person.
d. Psychiatric nature. Psychiatric nature: the practice or science
of diagnosing and treating mental disorders. Example
panic attack, frightening hallucinations, thoughts of suicide, or
hearing "voices."
13. Youth is just a stage of development, right? Identify a
theory of development, name it, and its author. Erik Erikson’s
Theory of Psychosocial Development
Like Freud, Erik Erikson believed in the importance of early
childhood. However, Erikson believed that personality
development happens over the entire course of a person’s life.
In the early 1960s, Erikson proposed a theory that describes
eight distinct stages of development. According to Erikson, in
each stage people face new challenges, and the stage’s outcome
depends on how people handle these challenges. Erikson named
the stages according to these possible outcomes:
Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust
In the first year after birth, babies depend completely on adults
for basic needs such as food, comfort, and warmth. If the
caretakers meet these needs reliably, the babies become
attached and develop a sense of security. Otherwise, they may
develop a mistrustful, insecure attitude.
14. According to your selected theory how does the youthful
stage differ from childhood and adulthood, emotionally and/or
9. psychologically?
Yes Most teens ages 13 to 17 will:
· Complete puberty and the physical transition from childhood
to adulthood
· Reach nearly their adult height, especially females (males
continue to grow taller into their early twenties.)
· Attain cognitive maturity—the ability to make decisions based
on knowledge of options and their consequences
· Continue to be influenced by peers (The power of peer
pressure lessens after early adolescence.)
· Build skills to become self-sufficient
· Respond to media messages but develop increasing ability to
analyze those messages
· Develop increasingly mature relationships with friends and
family
· Seek increased power over their own lives
· Learn to drive, increasing their independence
· Have the capacity to develop long-lasting, mutual, and healthy
relationships, if they have the foundations for this
development—trust, positive past experiences, and an
understanding of love
· Understand their own feelings and have the ability to analyze
why they feel a certain way
· Begin to place less value on appearance and more on
personality
· Understand that they are sexual and understand the options
and consequences of sexual expression
· Choose to express their sexuality in ways that may or may not
include shared sexual behaviors
· Recognize the components of healthy and unhealthy
relationships
· Have a clear understanding of pregnancy and of HIV and other
sexually transmitted infections
· Recognize the impact various media have on cultural views
about sex
· Have the capacity to learn about intimate, loving, long-term
10. relationships
· Have an understanding of their own sexual orientation (This is
different than sexual behavior)
15. When considering the involvement of a youthful client's
parent/s, what are two or more issues that might need to be
taken into account?
Some issues can include:
· Trust and mistrust
· Any signs of physical or emotional abuse
· Levels of communication or lack of
16. Older people have their own set of issues too. Identify two
assessment tools aimed at older people which you might use
with older AOD clients.
Physical examination-A physical examination, medical
examination, or clinical examination, is the process by which a
medical professional investigates the body of a patient for signs
of disease.
Quality of Life -the standard of health, comfort, and happiness
experienced by an individual or group.
17. How would you use each of them?
A physical examination involves the use of a clinical examiner
to investigate the body of the patient for any signs of alcohol
and drug abuse.
To investigate the patient’s quality of life in order to identify if
the patient is suffering from depression or an emotional crisis.
18. Identify two issues which might be co-morbid with AOD
issues, or at least more likely, or more severe in older people
with AOD issues.
19. Identify two prescription medications more likely to be used
by older people, and which will interact with AOD use.
11. Diazepam and benzodiazepines
20. Also identify a prescription medication that older people
might be more likely to take which is addictive. In what way(s)
is it more likely to be more of an issue for the older person?
OxyContin Sometimes referred to as “Hillbilly Heroin,”
OxyContin lives up to its name. It’s a time-released painkiller
often prescribed to those in need of major pain relief after
surgery or serious injury. However, it can provide a high when
injected, snorted, or crushed.
Amphetamines are often used by those who would like to stay
awake longer, so you might see someone with narcolepsy taking
them. These drugs cause euphoric effects similar to cocaine
when taken incorrectly.
An amphetamine can cause a rush for a short period, but that
often is followed by a period of exhaustion. The person taking it
might also suffer from anxiety and depression after taking the
drug, so the side effects can be pretty serious.
21. Identify two possible organisations who might be providing
home-based supports to older people with AOD issues.
Alcohol and drug foundation & star health organisation
22. Men and women are different, right? Some studies show that
there are differences in the stereotypical fe/male communication
styles. Identify two or more of those differences
Men generally consume harmful substances at higher rates than
women, this is true both within Australia and internationally.
But while the research points to the prevalence of substance
misuse disorders among women in Australia as being around
half that of men, they are more likely to be socially criticized as
a result of their use/misuse.
23. How might recognition of the two differences you selected
change the way you communicate with male or female clients, if
at all?
12. The differences when talking to female and male clients is that
females tend to be more emotional where as men hold back their
emotions, because of this you need to approach the two genders
in a different manner.
24. You may well find yourself assessing a mandated rather
than voluntary client, meaning that a court has ordered the
assessing/counselling to take place. The client may not want to
participate.
a. How do you think this could affect the information you
receive from the client, and therefore the results of the
assessment?
It will affect the information you gather because the patient
might not be honest with you due to the fact that they were
mandated by the court.
b. Do you think your client might be more, or less committed to
change?
The client will be less committed to change because they have
been forced by the courts.
25. Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islanders might need to be
considered differently. Give two or more examples of how you
might need to consider doing things differently when assessing
an ATSI person.
AOD use is believed to be higher among Aboriginal and Torres
Strait Islander peoples than among nonindigenous Australians
for many drugs. The two main issues are because of their
cultural history the Atsi community tend to mistrust authorities
and the second issue is that because of their cultural history, it
changed the way they act.
26. Similarly, other culturally and linguistically diverse people
require consideration. Give two examples of a cultural groups,
and how for each of them you might consider doing things
differently when assessing them.
13. 27. Give one example of an issue to take into consideration
when assessing a forced migrant.
Our understanding of substance use among forced migrants
remains limited, particularly regarding persons displaced due to
disasters, development and deportation.
28. Name a risk assessment tool that would be appropriate for a
client expressing suicidal ideation.
29. Name a suicide safety plan template, or an authoritative
website that gives advice on how to create a safety plan.
https://www.lifeline.org.au/
30. Does the presence of mental health issues predispose a
client to attempt suicide? Yes. Name three mental illness
diagnoses that are linked to attempted suicide.DEPRESSIVE
ILLNESS
Many people who attempt suicide have experienced major
depression or bipolar disorder.PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOMS
Some may attempt suicide because they are confused and
distressed by hallucinations or delusions, or to bring ‘relief’
from untreated psychotic symptoms.BORDERLINE
PERSONALITY DISORDER (BPD)
People with BPD may harm themselves or behave in a suicidal
way. Some find self-harm brings temporary ‘relief’ from their
distress. This is a symptom of the disorder and requires
treatment from a health professional.
31. As an AOD worker, are you legally required to intervene to
prevent suicide or ethically required, or both?
Yes, you are legally required and ethically required if you
suspect the patient to be suicidal.
32. When might you negotiate a no-suicide contract with a
client, and how?
14. OR
What might be a similar alternative process you might
undertake with that client?
Explain how McDonalds uses the marketing mix (aka the 4 Ps).
In your discussion:
1) list each of the 4 Ps.
Answer:
2) give an example of how McDonalds uses each element of the
marketing mix.
Answer:
3) describe who you think their targeted customer (i.e., target
market) is for each example.
Answer:
4) the strategy they employ to satisfy the needs and wants of
the customer in the example you gave.
Answer:
Marketing
“The activity, set of
institutions, and processes for
creating, communicating,
delivering, and exchanging
offerings that have value for
customers, clients, partners,
and society at large.”
C H A P T E R 1
What Is Marketing?
15. What makes a business idea work? Does it only take money?
Why are some products a huge success and similar
products a dismal failure? How was Apple, a computer
company, able to create and launch the wildly successful
iPod, yet Microsoft’s first foray into MP3 players was a total
disaster? If the size of the company and the money
behind a product’s launch were the difference, Microsoft would
have won. But for Microsoft to have won, it would
have needed something it hasn’t had in a while—good
marketing so it can produce and sell products that
consumers want.
So how does good marketing get done?
1. DEFINING MARKETING
L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E
1. Define marketing and outline its components.
Marketing is defined by the American Marketing Association as
“the activity, set of institutions, and
processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and
exchanging offerings that have value for cus-
tomers, clients, partners, and society at large.”[1] If you read
the definition closely, you see that there are
four activities, or components, of marketing:
1. Creating. The process of collaborating with suppliers and
customers to create offerings that have
value.
16. 2. Communicating. Broadly, describing those offerings, as well
as learning from customers.
3. Delivering. Getting those offerings to the consumer in a way
that optimizes value.
4. Exchanging. Trading value for those offerings.
However, the traditional way of viewing the components of
marketing, which emerged in the early
1950s, is based on the following four Ps:
1. Product. Goods and services (creating offerings).
2. Promotion. Communication.
3. Place. Getting the product to a point at which the customer
can purchase it (delivering).
4. Price. The monetary amount charged for the product
(exchanging).
The four Ps are called the marketing mix, meaning that a
marketing plan is a mix of these four com-
ponents. If the four Ps are the same as creating, communicating,
delivering, and exchanging, you might
be wondering why there was a change. The answer is that they
are not exactly the same. Product, price,
place, and promotion are nouns. As such, these words fail to
capture all the activities of marketing. For
example, exchanging requires mechanisms for a transaction,
which consist of more than simply a price
or place. Exchanging requires, among other things, the transfer
of ownership. For example, when you
buy a car, you sign documents that transfer the car’s title from
the seller to you. That’s part of the ex-
change process.
Even the term product, which seems pretty obvious, is limited.
Does the product include services
18. value: creating, communicating, delivering, and
exchanging value.
When we use the term value, we mean the benefits buyers
receive that meet their needs. In other
words, value is what the customer gets by purchasing and
consuming a company’s offering. So, al-
though the offering is created by the company, the value is
determined by the customer.
Furthermore, our goal as marketers is to create a profitable
exchange for consumers. By profitable,
we mean that the consumer’s personal value equation is
positive. The personal value equation is
value = benefits received – (price + hassle)
Hassle is the time and effort the consumer puts into the
shopping process. The equation is a per-
sonal one because how each consumer judges the benefits of a
product will vary, as will the time and
effort he or she puts into shopping. Value, then, varies for each
consumer.
One way to think of value is to think of a meal in a restaurant.
If you and three friends go to a res-
taurant and order the same dish, each of you will like it more or
less depending on your own personal
tastes. Yet the dish was exactly the same, priced the same, and
served exactly the same way. Because
your tastes varied, the benefits you received varied. Therefore
the value varied for each of you. That’s
why we call it a personal value equation.
6 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING VERSION 3.0
20. selling orientation
A philosophy that products
must be pushed through
selling and advertising in
order for a firm to compete
successfully.
selling era
A period running from the
1920s to until after World War
II in which the selling
orientation dominated the
way firms competed.
product orientation
A philosophy that focuses on
competing through product
innovation.
marketing era
From 1950 to at least 1990
(see service-dominant logic
era, value era, and one-to-one
era), the dominant
philosophy among
businesses is the marketing
concept.
Value varies from customer to customer based on each
customer’s needs. The marketing
concept, a philosophy underlying all that marketers do, requires
21. that marketers seek to satisfy custom-
er wants and needs. Firms operating with that philosophy are
said to be market oriented. At the same
time, market-oriented firms recognize that exchange must be
profitable for the company to be success-
ful. A marketing orientation is not an excuse to fail to make
profit.
Firms don’t always embrace the marketing concept and a market
orientation. Beginning with the
Industrial Revolution in the late 1800s, companies were
production orientation. They believed that
the best way to compete was by reducing production costs. In
other words, companies thought that
good products would sell themselves. Perhaps the best example
of such a product was Henry Ford’s
Model A automobile, the first product of his production line
innovation. Ford’s production line made
the automobile cheap and affordable for just about everyone.
The production era lasted until the
1920s, when production-capacity growth began to outpace
demand growth and new strategies were
called for. There are, however, companies that still focus on
production as the way to compete.
From the 1920s until after World War II, companies tended to
be selling orientation, meaning
they believed it was necessary to push their products by heavily
emphasizing advertising and selling.
Consumers during the Great Depression and World War II did
not have as much money, so the com-
petition for their available dollars was stiff. The result was this
push approach during the selling era.
Companies like the Fuller Brush Company and Hoover Vacuum
began selling door-to-door and the
vacuum-cleaner salesman (they were always men) was created.
23. present, some argue that
firms moved into the value
era, competing on the basis
of value; others contend that
the value era is simply an
extension of the marketing
era and is not a separate era.
one-to-one era
From the 1990s to the
present, the idea of
competing by building
relationships with customers
one at a time and seeking to
serve each customer’s needs
individually.
service-dominant logic
An approach to business that
recognizes that customers do
not distinguish between the
tangible and the intangible
aspects of a good or service,
but rather see a product in
terms of its total value.
service-dominant logic era
The period from 1990 to the
present in which some
believe that the philosophy
of service-dominant logic
dominates the way firms
compete.
24. offering
The entire bundle of a
tangible good, intangible
service, and price that
composes what a company
offers to customers.
Communicating
In marketing, a broad term
meaning describing the
offering and its value to
potential customers, as well
as learning from customers.
So what era would you say we’re in now? Some call it the value
era: a time when companies em-
phasize creating value for customers. Is that really different
from the marketing era, in which the em-
phasis was on fulfilling the marketing concept? Maybe not.
Others call today’s business environment
the one-to-one era, meaning that the way to compete is to build
relationships with customers one at a
time and seek to serve each customer’s needs individually. For
example, the longer you are customer of
Amazon, the more detail they gain in your purchasing habits
and the better they can target you with
offers of new products. With the advent of social media and the
empowerment of consumers through
ubiquitous information that includes consumer reviews, there is
clearly greater emphasis on meeting
customer needs. Yet is that substantially different from the
marketing concept?
25. Still others argue that this is the time of service-dominant logic
and that we are in the
service-dominant logic era. Service-dominant logic is an
approach to business that recognizes that
consumers want value no matter how it is delivered, whether
it’s via a product, a service, or a combina-
tion of the two. Although there is merit in this belief, there is
also merit to the value approach and the
one-to-one approach. As you will see throughout this book, all
three are intertwined. Perhaps, then, the
name for this era has yet to be devised.
Whatever era we’re in now, most historians would agree that
defining and labeling it is difficult.
Value and one-to-one are both natural extensions of the
marketing concept, so we may still be in the
marketing era. To make matters more confusing, not all
companies adopt the philosophy of the era.
For example, in the 1800s Singer and National Cash Register
adopted strategies rooted in sales, so they
operated in the selling era forty years before it existed. Some
companies are still in the selling era. Re-
cently, many considered automobile manufacturers to be in the
trouble they were in because they work
too hard to sell or push product and not hard enough on
delivering value.
Creating Offerings That Have Value
Marketing creates those goods and services that the company
offers at a price to its customers or cli-
ents. That entire bundle consisting of the tangible good, the
intangible service, and the price is the
company’s offering. When you compare one car to another, for
example, you can evaluate each of
these dimensions—the tangible, the intangible, and the price—
26. separately. However, you can’t buy one
manufacturer’s car, another manufacturer’s service, and a third
manufacturer’s price when you actually
make a choice. Together, the three make up a single firm’s
offer.
Marketing people do not create the offering alone. For example,
when the iPad was created,
Apple’s engineers were also involved in its design. Apple’s
financial personnel had to review the costs
of producing the offering and provide input on how it should be
priced. Apple’s operations group
needed to evaluate the manufacturing requirements the iPad
would need. The company’s logistics
managers had to evaluate the cost and timing of getting the
offering to retailers and consumers. Apple’s
dealers also likely provided input regarding the iPad’s service
policies and warranty structure. Market-
ing, however, has the biggest responsibility because it is
marketing’s responsibility to ensure that the
new product delivers value.
Communicating Offerings
Communicating is a broad term in marketing that means
describing the offering and its value to
your potential and current customers, as well as learning from
customers what it is they want and like.
Sometimes communicating means educating potential customers
about the value of an offering, and
sometimes it means simply making customers aware of where
they can find a product. Communicating
also means that customers get a chance to tell the company what
they think.
Today companies are finding that to be successful, they need a
29. In marketing, as in delivering
value, a broad term that
means getting the product to
the consumer and making
sure that the user gets the
most out of the product and
service.
supply chain
All of the organizations that
participate in the production,
promotion, and delivery of a
product or service from the
producer to the end
consumer.
logistics
The physical flow of materials
in the supply chain.
exchange
The transaction of value,
usually economic, between a
buyer and seller.
Delivering Offerings
Marketing can’t just promise value, it also has to deliver value.
Delivering an offering that has value is
much more than simply getting the product into the hands of the
user; it is also making sure that the
user understands how to get the most out of the product and is
taken care of if he or she requires ser-
30. vice later. Value is delivered in part through a company’s
supply chain. The supply chain includes a
number of organizations and functions that mine, make,
assemble, or deliver materials and products
from a manufacturer to consumers. The actual group of
organizations can vary greatly from industry
to industry, and include wholesalers, transportation companies,
and retailers. Logistics, or the actual
transportation and storage of materials and products, is the
primary component of supply chain man-
agement, but there are other aspects of supply chain
management that we will discuss later.
Exchanging Offerings
In addition to creating an offering, communicating its benefits
to consumers, and delivering the offer-
ing, there is the actual transaction, or exchange, that has to
occur. In most instances, we consider the
exchange to be cash for products and services. However, if you
were to fly to Louisville, Kentucky, for
the Kentucky Derby, you could “pay” for your airline tickets
using frequent-flier miles. You could also
use Hilton Honors points to “pay” for your hotel, and cash back
points on your Discover card to pay
for meals. None of these transactions would actually require
cash. Other exchanges, such as informa-
tion about your preferences gathered through surveys, might not
involve cash.
When consumers acquire, consume (use), and dispose of
products and services, exchange occurs,
including during the consumption phase. For example, via
Apple’s “One-to-One” program, you can
pay a yearly fee in exchange for additional periodic product
training sessions with an Apple profession-
31. al. So each time a training session occurs, another transaction
takes place. A transaction also occurs
when you are finished with a product. For example, you might
sell your old iPhone to a friend, trade in
a car, or ask the Salvation Army to pick up your old
refrigerator.
Disposing of products has become an important ecological
issue. Batteries and other components
of cell phones, computers, and high-tech appliances can be very
harmful to the environment, and many
consumers don’t know how to dispose of these products
properly. Some companies, such as Office De-
pot, have created recycling centers to which customers can take
their old electronics.
Apple has a Web page where consumers can fill out a form,
print it, and ship it along with their old
cell phones and MP3 players to Apple. Apple then pulls out the
materials that are recyclable and prop-
erly disposes of those that aren’t. By lessening the hassle
associated with disposing of products, Office
Depot and Apple add value to their product offerings.
K E Y T A K E A W A Y S
The focus of marketing has changed from emphasizing the
product, price, place, and promotion mix to one
that emphasizes creating, communicating, delivering, and
exchanging value. Value is a function of the be-
nefits an individual receives and consists of the price the
consumer paid and the time and effort the person
expended making the purchase.
R E V I E W Q U E S T I O N S
33. The obvious answer to the question, “Who does marketing?” is
for-profit companies like McDonald’s,
Procter & Gamble (the makers of Tide detergent and Crest
toothpaste), and Walmart. For example,
McDonald’s creates a new breakfast chicken sandwich for $1.99
(the offering), launches a television
campaign (communicating), makes the sandwiches available on
certain dates (delivering), and then
sells them in its stores (exchanging). When Procter & Gamble
(or P&G for short) creates a new Crest
tartar control toothpaste, it launches a direct mail campaign in
which it sends information and samples
to dentists to offer to their patients. P&G then sells the
toothpaste through retailers like Walmart,
which has a panel of consumers sample the product and provide
feedback through an online com-
munity. These are all examples of marketing activities.
For-profit companies can be defined by the nature of their
customers. A B2C (business-to-con-
sumer) company like P&G sells products to be used by
consumers like you, while a B2B (business-to-
business) company sells products to be used within another
company’s operations, as well as by gov-
ernment agencies and entities. To be sure, P&G sells toothpaste
to other companies like Walmart (and
probably to the army, prisons, and other government agencies),
but the end user is an individual
person.
Other ways to categorize companies that engage in marketing is
by the functions they fulfill. P&G
is a manufacturer, Walmart is a retailer, and Grocery Supply
Company is a wholesaler of grocery items
and buys from companies like P&G in order to sell to small
convenience store chains. Though they
34. have different functions, all these types of for-profit companies
engage in marketing activities. Wal-
mart, for example, advertises to consumers. Grocery Supply
Company salespeople will call on conveni-
ence store owners and take orders, as well as build in-store
displays. P&G might help Walmart or Gro-
cery Supply Company with templates for advertising or special
cartons to use in an in-store display, but
all the companies are using marketing to help sell P&G’s
toothpaste.
Similarly, all the companies engage in dialogues with their
customers in order to understand what
to sell. For Walmart and Grocery Supply, the dialogue may
result in changing what they buy and sell;
for P&G, such customer feedback may yield a new product or a
change in pricing strategy.
2.2 Nonprofit Organizations
Nonprofit organizations also engage in marketing. When the
American Heart Association (AHA) cre-
ated a heart-healthy diet for people with high blood pressure, it
bound the diet into a small book, along
with access to a special website that people can use to plan their
meals and record their health-related
activities. The AHA then sent copies of the diet to doctors to
give to patients. When does an exchange
take place, you might be wondering? And what does the AHA
get out of the transaction?
From a monetary standpoint, the AHA does not directly benefit.
Nonetheless, the organization is
meeting its mission, or purpose, of getting people to live heart-
healthy lives and considers the cam-
paign a success when doctors give the books to their patients.
The point is that the AHA is engaged in
36. nel to access counseling services when their spouse is serving
overseas.
Similarly, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) runs a
number of advertising campaigns
designed to promote environmentally friendly activities. One
such campaign promoted the responsible
disposal of motor oil instead of simply pouring it on the ground
or into a storm sewer.
There is a difference between these two types of activities.
When the army is promoting the be-
nefits of enlisting, it hopes young men and women will join the
army. By contrast, when the EPA runs
commercials about how to properly dispose of motor oil, it
hopes to change people’s attitudes and be-
haviors so that social change occurs. Marketing conducted in an
effort to achieve certain social object-
ives can be done by government agencies, nonprofit institutions,
religious organizations, and others
and is called social marketing. Convincing people that global
warming is a real threat via advertise-
ments and commercials is social marketing, as is the example
regarding the EPA’s campaign to pro-
mote responsible disposal of motor oil.
2.3 Individuals
If you create a résumé, are you using marketing to communicate
the value you have to offer prospective
employers? If you sell yourself in an interview, is that
marketing? When Taylor Swift sends a tweet
about where she is and what she had for lunch, is that
marketing? In other words, can individuals mar-
ket themselves and their ideas?
Some marketing professionals say “no.” But today, more
37. marketing professionals are saying “yes,”
and that self-promotion is a form of marketing. Ultimately it
may not matter what you are marketing,
even if it’s yourself or another person. If, as a result of reading
this book, you learn how to more effect-
ively create value, communicate and deliver it to the receiver,
and get something in exchange for it,
then we’ve achieved our purpose.
K E Y T A K E A W A Y S
Marketing can be thought of as a set of business practices that
for-profit organizations, nonprofit organiza-
tions, government entities, and individuals can utilize. When a
nonprofit organization engages in marketing
activities, this is called nonprofit marketing. Marketing
conducted in an effort to achieve certain social object-
ives is called social marketing.
R E V I E W Q U E S T I O N S
1. What types of companies engage in marketing?
2. What is the difference between nonprofit marketing and
social marketing?
3. What can individuals do for themselves that would be
considered marketing?
3. WHY STUDY MARKETING?
L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E
1. Explain the role marketing plays in individual firms and
society as a whole.
39. I were starting life over again, I am inclined to think that I
would go into the advertising business in
preference to almost any other. The general raising of the
standards of modern civilization among all
groups of people during the past half century would have been
impossible without the spreading of the
knowledge of higher standards by means of advertising.”[2]
Roosevelt referred to advertising, but ad-
vertising alone is insufficient for delivering value. Marketing
finishes the job by ensuring that what is
delivered is valuable.
3.3 Marketing Benefits Society
Marketing benefits society in general by improving people’s
lives in two ways. First, as we mentioned, it
facilitates trade. As you have learned, or will learn, in
economics, being able to trade makes people’s
lives better. Otherwise people wouldn’t do it. (Imagine what an
awful life you would lead if you had to
live a Robinson Crusoe–like existence as did Tom Hanks’s
character in the movie Castaway.) In addi-
tion, because better marketing means more successful
companies, jobs are created. This generates
wealth for people, who are then able to make purchases, which,
in turn, creates more jobs.
The second way in which marketing improves the quality of life
is based on the value delivery
function of marketing, but in a broader sense: When you add all
the marketers together who are trying
to deliver offerings of greater value to consumers and are
effectively communicating that value, con-
sumers are able to make more informed decisions about a wider
array of choices. From an economic
perspective, more choices and smarter consumers are indicative
of a higher quality of life.
40. 3.4 Marketing Costs Money
Marketing can sometimes be the largest expense associated with
producing a product. In the soft drink
business, marketing expenses account for about one-third of a
product’s price—about the same as the
ingredients used to make the soft drink itself. Some people
argue that society does not benefit from
marketing when it comprises such a huge chunk of a product’s
final price. In some cases, that argu-
ment is justified. Yet when marketing results in more informed
consumers receiving a greater amount
of value, then the cost is justified.
3.5 Marketing Offers People Career Opportunities
Marketing is the interface between producers and consumers. In
other words, it is the one function in
the organization in which the entire business comes together.
Being responsible for both making
money for your company and delivering satisfaction to your
customers makes marketing a great career.
In addition, because marketing can be such an expensive part of
a business and is so critical to its suc-
cess, companies actively seek good marketing people. As you
will learn, there’s a great variety of jobs
available in the marketing profession. These positions represent
only a few of the opportunities avail-
able in marketing.
< Marketing research. Personnel in marketing research are
responsible for studying markets and
customers in order to understand what strategies or tactics
might work best for firms.
< Merchandising. In retailing, merchandisers are responsible for
developing strategies regarding
42. other technical personnel to ensure that value is created.
< Direct marketing. Professionals in direct marketing
communicate directly with customers about
a company’s product offerings via channels such as email, chat
lines, telephone, or direct mail.
< Digital marketing. Digital marketing professionals combine
advertising, direct marketing, and
other areas of marketing to communicate directly with
customers via social media, the Web, and
mobile media (including texts). They also work with
statisticians in order to determine which
consumers receive which message and with IT professionals to
create the right look and feel of
digital media.
< Event marketing. Some marketing personnel plan special
events, orchestrating face-to-face
conversations with potential and current customers in a special
setting.
< Nonprofit marketing. Nonprofit marketers often don’t get to
do everything listed previously as
nonprofits typically have smaller budgets. But their work is
always very important as they try to
change behaviors without having a product to sell.
A career in marketing can begin in a number of different ways.
Entry-level positions for
new college graduates are available in many of the positions
previously mentioned.
Carly Sedberry, a 2014 graduate of the University of Missouri
in Columbia, initially
majored in broadcast journalism, but found herself yearning for
more opportunities to
43. satisfy her creative side and work with creative people. So,
Sedberry switched her major
to strategic communication. Today she’s an account executive
for the Dallas advertising
agency Slingshot. How does she like her job? “As an account
executive, I am a part of
the process from the beginning, so seeing how an amazing idea
can come to life is
something I will never get tired of,” she says. “Which brings me
to the most rewarding
thing about my job: the end product. When my client is happy
about the work we did
and my team is proud of the work we did, nothing is better than
that.”
A growing number of CEOs are people with marketing
backgrounds. Some le-
gendary CEOs like Ross Perot, the founder of Electronic Data
Systems, and Mary Kay
Ash, the founder of Mary Kay Cosmetics, got their start in
marketing. More recently,
Mark Hurd, the CEO of Oracle, and Jeffrey Immelt, the CEO of
GE, are showing how
marketing careers can lead to the highest pinnacles of an
organization.
3.6 Criticisms of Marketing
Marketing is not without its critics. False advertising and
deceptive marketing practices, even by seem-
ingly reputable companies, are on ongoing concern. A couple of
years ago, the consumer electronics
company Nokia was forced to apologize for implying that a
video it used in its ads to promote one of
its smart phones was taken with the phone when it wasn’t.[3]
The U.S. Federal Trade Commission sued
the shoemaker Reebok for its ads claiming the company’s “Easy
44. Tone” sneakers improved the tone of
people’s legs and backsides better than other sneakers. The FTC
said the claims were “over-hyped,” and
the company ultimately agreed to issue $25 million in customer
refunds to settle the FTC’s lawsuit.[4]
We already mentioned that one reason to study marketing is
because it is costly, and business lead-
ers need to understand the cost/benefit ratio of marketing in
order to make wise investments. Yet that
cost is precisely why some criticize marketing. If that money
could be put into research and develop-
ment of new products, perhaps the consumers would be better
satisfied. Or, some critics argue, prices
could be lowered. Marketing executives, though, are always on
the lookout for less expensive ways to
achieve the same performance, and do not intentionally waste
money on marketing. For example, as
you will learn later in the book, digital marketing is allowing
companies to more accurately target cus-
tomers with ads for products they are truly interested in rather
than those they are not.
Yet another criticism of marketing is that it fuels consumerism,
which is the tendency
of consumers to want more and more products and services they
don’t really need. Fashion marketing
creates demand for high-dollar jeans when much less expensive
jeans can fulfill the same basic func-
tion. Taken to the extreme, consumers may take on significant
amounts of credit-card debt to satisfy
the wants created by marketing. The critics of consumerism also
argue that the demand for products
marketing creates leads to more manufacturing and pollution
than is necessary, which harms the
environment.
46. products—even its own products—if they don’t need them. The
ad campaign received a lot of atten-
tion, in part because people were who saw it wondered why a
company would want to not sell its
products. Ironically, instead of Patagonia’s sales falling, they
climbed as a result of the ad campaign.[5]
F I G U R E 1 . 4
Why did Patagonia run this ad? Because it cares about the
environment. The company knows that if the
environment gets polluted, you won’t want to spend much time
outdoors or buy a lot of its outdoor-oriented
clothing.
Source: Used with permission from Patagonia, Inc.
Part of the reason Patagonia’s sales climbed is that people are
looking more favorably on companies
that have a societal marketing orientation. The Fair Trade
Certification movement emerged in re-
sponse to people wanting to do business with firms that
consider the good of society when making and
selling products. To have their products Fair Trade Certified
firms have to meet certain criteria. The
criteria include, among other things, ensuring that the factories
and production methods used to pro-
duce their products meet certain environmental goals, that the
facilities are safe, and that people who
work in them are paid fair wages and provided with good
working conditions.
K E Y T A K E A W A Y S
By facilitating transactions, marketing delivers value to both
consumers and firms. At the broader level, this
48. L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E
1. Understand and outline the elements of a marketing plan as a
planning process.
4.1 Marketing’s Role in the Organization
We previously discussed marketing as a set of activities that
anyone can do. Marketing is also a func-
tional area in companies, just like operations and accounting
are. Within a company, marketing might
be the title of a department, but some marketing functions, such
as sales, might be handled by another
department. Marketing activities do not occur separately from
the rest of the company, however.
As we have explained, pricing an offering, for example, will
involve a company’s finance and ac-
counting departments in addition to the marketing department.
Similarly, a marketing strategy is not
created solely by a firm’s marketing personnel. Instead, it flows
from the company’s overall strategy.
We’ll discuss strategy much more completely in Chapter 2.
4.2 Everything Starts with Customers
Most organizations start with an idea of how to serve customers
better. Apple’s engineers began work-
ing on the iPod by looking at the available technology and
thinking about how customers would like to
have their music more available, as well as more affordable,
through downloading.
Many companies think about potential markets and customers
when they first launch their busi-
nesses. John Deere, for example, founded his farm-equipment
company on the principle of serving
50. marketing plan
A document that is designed
to communicate the
marketing strategy for an
offering. The purpose of the
plan is to influence
executives, suppliers,
distributors, and other
important stakeholders of the
firm so they will invest
money, time, and effort to
ensure the plan is a success.
Coca-Cola’s Mission Statement
Our roadmap starts with our mission, which is enduring. It
declares our purpose as a
company and serves as the standard against which we weigh our
actions and decisions
< To refresh the world . . .
< To inspire moments of optimism . . .
< To create value and make a difference . . .[8]
McDonald’s Mission Statement
< Our purpose goes beyond what we sell. We’re using our reach
to be a positive
force. For our customers. Our people. Our communities. Our
world.[9]
Not all companies create mission statements that reflect a
marketing orientation. Steve Jobs, the le-
51. gendary cofounder of Apple, believed that meeting customers’
needs wasn’t enough because, he con-
tended, they often don’t know what products they want or need
until they are made available to them.
Instead, Apple’s mission statement initially was product
oriented. It was based on the premise that a
company’s success is due to great products and that simply
supplying them will lead to demand for
them.
But how exactly does a company create a “great” product
without thinking too much about the
customer’s wants and needs? Apple, and for that matter, many
other companies, have fallen prey to
thinking that they knew what a great product was without asking
their customers. In fact, Apple’s first
attempt at a graphic user interface (GUI) was the LISA
computer, a dismal failure. Today, Apple’s mis-
sion statement is more customer oriented than it was in the past.
4.3 The Marketing Plan
The marketing plan is the strategy for implementing the
components of marketing: creating, com-
municating, delivering, and exchanging value. Once a company
has decided what business it is in and
expressed that in a mission statement, the firm then develops a
corporate strategy. Marketing
strategists subsequently use the corporate strategy and mission
and combine that with an understand-
ing of the market to develop the company’s marketing plan.
This is the focus of Chapter 2. Figure 1.5
shows the steps involved in creating a marketing plan.
Understanding the customer’s wants and needs; how the
customer wants to acquire, consume, and
dispose of the offering; and what makes up their personal value
54. The idea that companies
should manage their
businesses not just to earn
profits but to advance the
well-being of society.
Sustainability
Engaging in practices that
diminish the earth’s resources
to the least extent possible.
< Digital information and big data. If you are like most people,
many times a day you check your
mobile phone or tablet to look at your email, search the
Internet, and scan social media. You
might also play games with other people online, own a fitness
tracker that automatically uploads
your exercise statistics to the Web, and use a GPS app to find
your way around. All of these
activities leave a digital trail of information. This information,
along with the purchasing and
other types of data companies have traditionally collected about
consumers, is resulting in an
information explosion that is being referred to as big data. Big
data is allowing companies to
create highly detailed profiles of customers like they never
could before. That might sound scary
for consumers, but it’s vital for marketers. Being able to figure
out who your customers are, where
they congregate, what they want, and how to engage them is
more important than ever. Why?
Because there are so many more different types of media
available to consumers today, all of
which are competing for their attention. This has made the
process of marketing more complex
55. than in the past. In the past it was much easier for companies to
reach consumers through just a
handful of mediums, such as radio, print, and TV ads.
< Ethics and social responsibility. Businesses exist only
because customers and society allow them
to. When businesses begin to fail their customers and society,
they can find them in peril. The
crackdown on companies in the subprime mortgage-lending
industry is one example. These
companies created and sold loans (products) that could only be
paid back under ideal
circumstances, and when consumers couldn’t pay these loans
back, the entire economy suffered
greatly. Scandals such as these illustrate how society responds
to unethical business practices.
However, whereas ethics require that you only do no harm, the
concept of social responsibility
requires that you must actively seek to improve the lot of
others, not just in terms of how you
market and sell products but in all aspects of what you do as a
company, including how you treat
your employees, the public, and respond to crises. Today,
people are demanding businesses take a
proactive stance in terms of social responsibility, and they are
being held to ever-higher standards
of conduct.
< Sustainability. Sustainability is an example of social
responsibility and involves engaging in
practices that diminish the earth’s resources to the least extent
possible. Coca-Cola, for example,
is working with governments in Africa to ensure clean water
availability, not just for
manufacturing Coke products, but for all consumers in that
region. Further, the company seeks
56. to engage American consumers in participating by offering
opportunities to contribute to clean
water programs. Right now, companies do not have to engage in
these practices, but because
firms really represent the people behind them (their owners and
employees), forward-thinking
executives are seeking ways to reduce the impact their
companies are having on the planet.
< Service-dominant logic. You might have noticed that we use
the word offering a lot instead of the
term product. That’s because of service-dominant logic, the
approach to business that recognizes
that consumers want value no matter how it is delivered—
whether through a tangible product or
through intangible services. That emphasis on value is what
drives the functional approach to
value that we’ve taken—that is, creating, communicating,
delivering, and exchanging value.
< Metrics and analytics. Technology has not only increased the
amount of information available to
decision makers but the number of statistical and other cutting-
edge methods available to
“crunch” or analyze it. This is allowing firms to develop new
metrics, or benchmarks, they can
use to fine-tune their marketing practices and ad campaigns,
make better decisions, and
ultimately improve how well their companies perform. The
retailer Lane Bryant has improved its
revenues and profits by hiring outside statisticians to look at the
company’s data and analyze it.
Doing so has helped Lane Bryant figure out, among other
things, what types of products it should
sell in its different stores around the country, where they should
be placed in the stores, and how
58. ing the value to the customer, exchanging with the customer,
and evaluating the firm’s performance. A mar-
keting plan should be influenced by the recurring themes we
emphasize in this text: social responsibility,
sustainability, service-dominant logic, the increased availability
of data and effective metrics and analytics, and
the global nature of the business environment.
R E V I E W Q U E S T I O N S
1. Why does everything start with customers? Or is it only
marketing that starts with customers?
2. What are the key parts of a marketing plan?
3. What is the relationship between social responsibility,
sustainability, service-dominant logic, and the
global business environment? How do digital information, big
data, and metrics and analytics fit into this
relationship?
5. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS AND ACTIVITIES
D I S C U S S I O N Q U E S T I O N S
1. Compare and contrast a four Ps approach to marketing versus
the value approach (creating,
communicating, and delivering value). What would you expect
to be the same and what would you
expect to be different between two companies that apply one or
the other approach?
2. Assume you are about to graduate. How would you apply
marketing principles to your job search? In
what ways would you be able to create, communicate, and
deliver value as a potential employee, and
59. what would that value be, exactly? How would you prove that
you can deliver that value?
3. Is marketing always appropriate for political candidates?
Why or why not?
4. How do the activities of marketing for value fulfill the
marketing concept for the market-oriented
organization?
5. This chapter introduces the personal value equation. How
does that concept apply to people who buy for
the government or for a business or for your university? How
does that concept apply when organizations
are engaged in social marketing?
6. This chapter addresses several reasons why marketing is an
important area of study. Should marketing be
required for all college students, no matter their major? Why or
why not?
7. Of the four marketing functions, where does it look like most
of the jobs are? What are the specific
positions? How are the other marketing functions conducted
through those job positions, even though in
a smaller way?
8. Why is service-dominant logic important?
9. What is the difference between a need and a want? How do
marketers create wants? Provide several
examples.
10. The marketing concept emphasizes satisfying customer
needs and wants. How does marketing satisfy
your needs as a college student? Are certain aspects of your life
62. 5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
ENDNOTES
American Marketing Association, “Definition of Marketing,”
Accessed December 3,
2009, http://www.marketingpower.com/AboutAMA/Pages/
DefinitionofMarketing.aspx?sq=definition+of+marketing.
Famous Quotes and Authors, “Franklin D. Roosevelt Quotes and
Quotations,” Ac-
cessed December 7, 2009,
http://www.famousquotesandauthors.com/authors/
franklin_d__roosevelt_quotes.html.
John D. Stoll and Sven Grundberg, “Nokia Again Apologizes
over Ads for New
Phone,” Wall Street Journal, September 10, 2012,
http://wsj.com.
“Reebok Agrees to $25M Settlement in Refunds for ‘Toning
Shoes,’” NPR, September
28, 2011, http://www.npr.org.
Tim Nudd, “Patagonia: Ad of the Day” Adweek, November 28,
2011, ht-
tp://www.adweek.com/news/advertising-branding/ad-day-
patagonia-136745.
64. http://www.thecoca-
colacompany.com/ourcompany/mission_vision_values.htmlChap
ter 1: What Is Marketing?Defining MarketingValueCreating
Offerings That Have ValueCommunicating OfferingsDelivering
OfferingsExchanging OfferingsWho Does Marketing?For-Profit
CompaniesNonprofit OrganizationsIndividualsWhy Study
Marketing?Marketing Enables Profitable Transactions to
OccurMarketing Delivers ValueMarketing Benefits
SocietyMarketing Costs MoneyMarketing Offers People Career
OpportunitiesCriticisms of MarketingThemes and Organization
of This BookMarketing’s Role in the OrganizationEverything
Starts with CustomersThe Marketing PlanThe Changing
Marketing EnvironmentDiscussion Questions and
ActivitiesEndnotes