1. Computers have evolved incredibly rapidly since Charles Babbage's time and are now involved in all aspects of daily life. 2. The document discusses the history of computer development from early mechanical computers through modern personal computers and supercomputers. 3. It also covers the emergence of computer networks and the Internet, and how these have transformed society into the digital information age.

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2. Buku Referensi :
1. Tomorrow’s Technology and You, Eighth Edition,
George Beekman - Mike Quinn, Prentice Hall;
January 12, 2007
http://wps.prenhall.com/bp_beekman_tomtech_8/
2. Using Information Technology, Pengenalan Praktis
Dunia Komputer dan Komunikasi; Williams / Sawyer,
Edisi 7, ANDI Yogyakarta
3. Pengenalan Teknologi Komputer dan Informasi,
Janner Simamarta, ANDI Yogyakarta, 2007.
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3. Date Lecture Topics
Week 1 Basics : Our Digital Planet
Week 2 Hardware Basics: Inside the Box
Week 3 Hardware Basics: Peripherals
Week 4 Software Basics: The Ghost in the Machine
Week 5 Productivity Applications
Agenda Umum Week 6 Graphics, Digital Media, and Multimedia
Week 7 Database Applications and Privacy Implications
Week 8 Networking and Digital Communication
Week 9 The Evolving Internet
Week 10 Computer Security and Risks
Week 11 Computers and Work, School, and Home
Week 12 Information Systems in Business
Week 13 Electronic Commerce and E-Business
Week 14 Systems Design and Development
Week 15 Is Artificial Intelligence Real?
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4. Chapter 1
Our Digital Planet
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5. Objectives :
 Menguraikan beberapa cara komputer berperan kritis
dalam kehidupan modern
 Mendiskusikan keadaan dan gagasan yang mendorong
pengembangan komputer moderm
 Menjelaskan kecenderungan trend evolusi komputer
modern
 Menjelaskan hubungan antara Perangkat keras-H/W dan
Perangkat lunak-S/W
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6. Objectives (continued) :
Menguraikan secara singkat yang lima jenis komputer
utama yang digunakan saat ini dan penggunaannya.
Menguraikan bagaimana ledakan pertumbuhan Internet
yang dapat mengubah jalan kehidupan seseorang
menggunakan komputer dan teknologi informasi.
Menjelaskan bagaimana informasi saat ini berbeda
dengan zaman sebelumnya
Mendiskusikan dampak sosial dan etika tentang
teknologi informasi.
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7. MySpace creates an online community
experience for young people.
Flickr creates a community for people to
share their pictures.
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10.  Computers are no longer a luxury but
rather a commodity (komputer bukan lagi
barang mewah, tetapi komoditas).
 Computers and their applications are
involved in all aspects of our daily life
(Komputer dan aplikasinya merambah seluruh
aspek kehidupan sehari-hari).
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11. 1. Pendidikan
2. Kedokteran
3. Perancangan
4. Perindustrian
5. Kemiliteran
6. Meningkatkan kesempatan kerja
7. Meningkatkan Produktifitas
8. Meningkatkan Kemampuan Manusia
9. Hiburan
10. Bisnis
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12. Every computer in use today follows the
basic plan laid out by Charles Babbage and
Lady Lovelace (Komputer saat ini merupakan
rancangan dasar dari Babbage dan Lovelace).
The computer is an incredibly versatile tool.
It can compute your taxes or deploy a
missile.
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13.  All computers take in information called input and give out
information called output.
 A computer is an electronic machine that can be programmed to
accept data (input), process it into useful information (output), and
store it in a storage media for future use
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14.  The computer’s versatility is built upon its:
Hardware: The physical part
Software: The instructions that tells hardware how to
transform the input data (information in a form it can
read) into the necessary output
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15. The First Real Computers:
1939: Konrad Zuse completed
the first programmable, general-
purpose digital computer.
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16. At about the same time, the British government
was assembling a top-secret team of
mathematicians and engineers to crack Nazi
military codes.
• 1943: The team led by mathematician Alan Turing and
others completed Colossus, considered by many to be
the first electronic digital computer.
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17.  1939: Iowa State University
professor John Atanasoff
developed what could have
been the first electronic digital
computer, the Atanasoff-Berry
Computer (ABC).
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18. 1944: Thanks to a one million dollar grant from IBM,
Harvard professor Howard Aiken developed the Mark I.
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19.  John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert helped the U.S. effort in World War
II by constructing a machine to calculate trajectory tables for new guns.
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)
 After the war, Mauchly and Eckert started a private company called
Sperry and created UNIVAC I, the first general-purpose commercial
computer.
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20. UNIVAC ENIAC
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21. Vacuum tubes were used in early
computers.
Transistors replaced vacuum tubes
starting in 1956.
By the mid-1960s transistors were
replaced by integrated circuits (IC).
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22. 1st Generation (1951 - 1958) : Vacuum Tubes
Memory was made up of
hundreds of vacuum
tubes or sometimes
magnetic drum
Gave off so much heat
that even if they were
cooled by gigantic air IBM Punched Card (input)
conditioners.
Input and output media
were punched cards and
magnetic tapes
Magnetic Tapes (output)
Vacuum Tubes
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23. 2nd Generation (1959 - 1964) : Transistor
•an electronic switch that alternately allow or disallow
electronic signal to pass, replaces vacuum tubes
•These transistors were made of solid material, some of
which is silicon, therefore they were very cheap to produce
•Much smaller than vacuum tubes, draw less power, and
generate less heat, conduct electricity faster.
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24. 3rd Generation (1965 - 1971) : Integrated Circuit
An electronic circuit that packages transistors and other
electronic components into one small silicon chip called
semiconductor.
The number of transistors that is placed on a single chip has
increased, shrinking both the size and cost of computers.
Keyboards and monitors were used.
Magnetic disks were used widely as secondary storage
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25. Integrated circuits brought:
 Increased reliability
 Smaller size
 Higher speed
 Higher efficiency
 Lower cost
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26. 1971: The first microprocessor was invented
by Intel engineers.
The personal computer revolution began in 1970:
•Apple
•Commodore
•Tandy
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27. 4th Generation (1971-Present) : Microprocessor
•A silicon chip on which transistors are
integrated onto it.
•Microprocessor can do all the processing of a
full-scale computer – smaller in size , faster in
speed.
•These circuit integrations are known as Large-
scale integrated (LSI) and Very Large-scale
integrated (VLSI) circuits
Microprocessors led to the invention of personal
computers.
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28. 5th Generation (Present & Beyond)
: Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
concerns with making
computers behave and think like
humans.
The branch of computer
science that deal with writing
computer programs that can
solve problems creatively
AI studies include robotics,
expert systems, games, etc..
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32. Desktop computers haven’t completely replaced big
computers, which have also evolved (Komputer desktop belum
sepenuhnya menggantikan komputer besar, yang juga telah meningkat).
Embedded Computers
 Special-purpose computer: Dedicated
computers that perform specific tasks.
•Controlling the temperature and humidity
•Monitoring your heart rate
•Monitoring your house security system
 The program is etched on silicon so it
cannot be altered. This is called firmware.
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33. Personal Computers
PCs serve a single user at a
time.
•Common applications include:
–word processing
–accounting
–gaming
–enjoying digital music and video
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34. • The most common for home users ,
computers that can fit on a desktop or in
one's briefcase.
• Can perform all of its input, processing,
output and storage activities by itself.
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35. Workstations
 High-end desktop computers with massive computing
power used for high-end interactive applications
(adalah desktop komputer high-end (terkini/terbaru/mutakhir)
dengan power yang besar digunakan untuk aplikasi-aplikasi
terbaru yang interaktif)
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36. Workstations
 Powerful desktop computers
 Used by engineers and scientists for
engineering applications, software
development, application that require
a high amount of computing power
Workstation – Sun Ultra450
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37. Portable Computers: machines that are not tied to
the desktop
•Notebooks (laptops)
•Handheld computers (PDAs)
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38. Servers
• Computers designed to provide software and other
resources to other computers over a network
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39. Mainframes and Supercomputers
Mainframes
Used by large organizations, such as banks and airlines, for big
computing jobs
Communicate with mainframe through terminals
Multiple communications
at one time through process
of timesharing
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40. Mainframes
 Process data at very high speed
 less expensive than Supercomputer
 used for processing large amount of data
 user work with terminal e.g Maybank Mainframe
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41. Supercomputers
•For power users who need access to the fastest, most
powerful computers made
•The mightiest computer
(paling canggih)
•The most expensive.
•process billions of
instructions in a second
(memproses milyaran instruksi per
detik)
•used by some exclusive
group only
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42. The Emergence of
Networks
Connect devices together
1960s: Internet developed
with backing of the U.S.
government
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43. The Internet Explosion- Over a
billion people with Internet access
by the end of 2005
Electronic mail
• E-mail software
World Wide Web
• Led the Internet’s transformation from a text-only
environment into a multimedia landscape incorporating
pictures, animation, sounds, and video
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44. • Internet is worldwide collection of networks that
links millions of computers together
• allows all of the computers to communicate with
one another
 E-mail
 Information
 Shopping
 Meeting people
 Entertainment
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45. Web browsers
Programs that, in effect, serve as navigable windows into the
Web
Hypertext links
Tie together millions of Web pages created by diverse authors
Internet supports varied activities
eBay used to make international transactions
Real-time multiplayer games
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46. Process in which two or more computers transfers data,
instructions, and information
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47. Network is a
collection of
computers and
devices connected
by communication
channels
To facilitate
communications,
share hardware,
data and
information,
software, etc
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48.  In the history of our society we have had:
– An agricultural age
– An industrial age
 Now we are in a new age, the information age:
– More and more people earn their livings working with words,
numbers, and ideas.
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49. Explanations: Clarifying Technology
 Computer literacy is already improving
our day-to-day lives and careers
(meningkatkan karir dan kehidupan sehari-
hari).
Applications: Computers in Action
 Applications enable you to use a
computer for specific purposes.
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50. Application: Digital Technology in Action
I. Network applications
II. Word processing and desktop publishing
III. Spreadsheets and other number-crunching applications
IV. Databases
V. Computer graphics and digital image processing
VI. Digital audio, digital video, and multimedia
VII. Entertainment
VIII. Customized problem-solving
IX. Artificial intelligence
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51. Implications: Social and Ethical Issues
 The threat to personal privacy posed by large databases and
computer networks (ancaman terhadap keleluasaan pribadi dari
NW dan DB yg besar)
 The hazards of high-tech crime and the difficulty of keeping data
secure (resiko hi-tech dari kriminal dan kesulitan menjamin
pemeliharaan data)
 The difficulty of defining and protecting intellectual property in an
all-digital age (kesulitan melindungi property intelektual di dalam
era digital)
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52. The threat of automation and the dehumanization of work (ancaman
dari otomasi dan dehumanisasi pekerjaan)
The abuse of information as a tool of political and economic power
(penyalahgunaan informasi sebagai alat politik dan ekonomi)
The emergence of bio-digital
technology (kemunculan teknologi bio-digital)
The dangers of dependence on
complex technology
(bahaya ketergantungan teknologi)
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53. Bahwa Keahlian Komputer
merupakan standar keahlian
minimal yang harus dimiliki untuk
meningkatkan produktivitas dan
daya saing di pasar tenaga kerja
dalam masyarakat informasi
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54.  Computers have evolved at an incredible pace since Charles
Babbage’s plan for an Analytical Engine (meningkat dengan
takmasuk akal)
 Computers today come in all shapes and sizes, with specific types
being well-suited for particular jobs (Komputer saat ini dgn
berbagai bentuk dan ukuran, type spesifik untuk menyelesaikan
pekerjaan tertentu).
 Connecting to a network enhances the value and power of a
computer (Kemampuan Komunikasi (network) meningkatkan nilai
dari komputer) :
 Internet
 WWW
 Email
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55.  Computers and information technology have
changed the world rapidly and irreversibly (Dunia
berubah dengan cepat berkat komputer dan TI).
 Emerging technologies, such as artificial
intelligence, offer promise for future applications
(Teknologi baru, AI, menjanjikan aplikasi masa
depan).
 Computers also threaten our privacy, our security,
and perhaps our way of life (Ancaman terhadap
pribadi dan keamanan kehidupan kita).
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