VLSI is the process of creating an IC by combining thousands of transistors into a single chip. VLSI began in the 1970.The microprocessor is the characteristic of fourth generation computers. moore Predicted that the number of transistors per chip would grow Exponentially (double every 18 months) VLSI (very large-scale integration):From 100,000 to 1,000,000 electronic components per chip The applications of an ICs includes the following Radar Wristwatches Televisions Juice Makers PC Video Processors Audio Amplifiers Memory Devices Logic Devices Radio Frequency Encoders and Decoders

2. INDEX
S.NO TITLE PAGE
NO
1. INTRODUCTION
2. HISTORY AND EVOLUTION
3. MOORE’S LAW
4. Complexity and Design
5. Evolution
6. Invention
7. IC
8. CHIPS & TYPES
9 APPLICATION
10 BIBILIOGRAPHY
11 #SBBHK

3. This is to certify that #SBBH, a student of
class XII has successfully completed the
research on ‘VLSI’ under the guidance of Mr.
Vinit Kantode during the year 2017-2018 in
partial fulfillment of Physics practical
examination conducted by CBSE
Signature of internal
examiner
Signature of Principal
Signature of external
examiner

4. I wish to express my deep gratitude and
sincere thanks to Principal, Mr. S.K.
Chourasia for his encouragement and for
all the facilities that he provided for this
project work.
I extend my hearty thanks to Mr. SBBHK ,
who guided me to the successful
completion of this project.
I take this opportunity to express my deep
sense of gratitude for his invaluable
guidance, constant encouragement, and
constructive comments,
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

5. Introduction

6. History and Evolution
 In 1976, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak built
the Apple II, the first personal computer in a
garage in California.
 In 1981, IBM introduced its first personal
computer. The personal computer was such a
revolutionary concept and was expected to
have such an impact on society that in 1982,
"Time“ magazine dedicated its annual "Man of
the Year Issue" to the computer.
 The 1980's saw an expansion in computer use
in all three arenas as clones of the IBM PC
made the personal computer even more
affordable.
 The number of personal computers in use more
than doubled from 2 million in 1981 to 5.5
million in 1982. Ten years later, 65 million PCs
were being used. Computers continued their
trend toward a smaller size, working their way
down from desktop to laptop computers

7. Moore’s Law
Gordon moore: co-founder of intel
Predicted that the number of transistors per chip would
grow Exponentially (double every 18 months)
E.G. Steam engines - dynamo – automobile
Moore's second law, also called rock's law, which is that
the capital cost of a semiconductor fab also
increases exponentially over time.

8. Complexityand Design
Creating a design team provides a realistic
approach to approaching a VLSI project, as it
allows each person to study small sections of the
system
Needing hundreds of engineers, scientists, and
technicians
• Needing hierarchy design and many different “Level
Views”
Everyone of each level depends upon the Computer-
Aided Design (CAD) tools
Integration improves the design
Lower parasitics = higher speed
Lower power consumption
Physically smaller
Integration reduces manufacturing
cost - (almost) no manual assembly

9. EVOLUTION
FIRST GENERATION (1940-1956) VACUUM TUBES
The first computer used vacuum tubes for circuitry
an magnetic drums for memory, and were often
enormous, taking up entire rooms.
SECOND GENERATION(1956-1963) TRANSISTORS
Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the
second generation of computers. The transistors was
invented in 1947 .The transistor was far superior to the
vacuum tube, allowing computers to become smaller,
faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient
THIRD GENERATION (1964-1971) INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
The development of the integrated circuit was the
hallmark of the third generation of computers. Transistors
were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called
semiconductors,
FOURTH GENERATION (1971-PRESENT)
MICROPROCESSORSThe microprocessor brought the fourth
generation of computers, as thousands of integrated
circuits were built onto a single silicon chip.In 1981 IBM
introduced its first computer for the home user.
FIFTH GENERATION (PRESENT AND BEYOND)
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCEFifth generation computing
devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in
development,

10. Early developments of the integrated circuit go
back to 1949, when German engineer Werner
Jacobi (Siemens AG) filed a patent for an
integrated-circuit-like semiconductor amplifying
device showing five transistors on a common
substrate in a 3-stage amplifier arrangement.
The idea of the integrated circuit was conceived
by Geoffrey Dummer (1909–2002), a radar
scientist
A precursor idea to the IC was to create small
ceramic squares (wafers), each containing a
single miniaturized component. Components
could then be integrated and wired into a 2d or
3d compact grid
Kilby won the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics for his
part in the invention of the integrated circuit

11. Integrated Circuits
SSI – Small Scale Integration
(early 1970s) contained 1 –
10 logic gates
MSI – Medium Scale
Integration logic functions,
counters
LSI – Large Scale Integration
first microprocessors on the
chip
VLSI –Very Large Scale
Integration now offers 64-bit
microprocessors, complete
with cache memory),
floating-point arithmetic
unit(s), etc.
Bipolar technology
SSI (small-scale integration):Up to 100 electronic components per
chip
MSI (medium-scale integration):From 100 to 3,000 electronic
components per chip
LSI (large-scale integration):From 3,000 to 100,000 electronic
components per chip
VLSI (very large-scale integration):From 100,000 to 1,000,000
electronic components per chip
ULSI (ultra large-scale integration): More than 1 million electronic
components per chip

12. Integrated circuits
consist of:
• A small square or
rectangular “die”, <
1mm thick
• Small die: 1.5 mm x 1.5
mm => 2.25 mm2
• Large die: 15 mm x 15
mm => 225 mm2
Larger die sizes mean:
• More logic, memory
• Less volume
• Less yield
• Dies are made from
silicon (substrate)
• Substrate provides
mechanical support
and electrical common
point
Chips

13. Types
Integrated circuits
can be classified
into analog, digita
l and mixed signal
Digital integrated
circuits can
contain anywhere
from one[ to
billions of logic
gates, flip-
flops, multiplexers
,
In the
1980s, programm
able logic
devices were
developed. whose
logical function
and connectivity
can be
programmed
ICs can also
combine analog
and digital circuits
on a single chip to
create functions
such as A/
converters
and D/A
converters
Very-large-scale
integration (VLSI)
is the process of
creating
an integrated
circuit (IC) by
combining billions
of transistors into
a single chip.
The microprocesso
r is a VLSI device.
Before the
introduction of
VLSI technology
most ICs had a
limited set of
functions they
could perform.

14. Applications of Integrated
Circuits
The applications of an ICs includes
th e followin g
• R ad ar
• Wristwatc h es
• Television s
• Juice Makers
• PC
• V id eo Proc essors
• A u d io A mp lifiers
• Memor y Devic es
• Log ic Devic es
• R ad io F req u en c y E n cod ers an d
Decod ers

15. First IC

17. www.Wikipedia.com
www.slideshare.com
www.sbbh4u.com
www.cooltext.com
www.Quora.com
www.pexels.com
www.google.com
www.sbbheducation.com

18. Thank You
I would like to thanks
#SBBHK who give me the
opportunity to make project on
topic “Very large Scale
Integrated Circuit”
Which really help me to do
study about this project