1 open channel problems 2
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This document contains 10 examples of hydraulic engineering problems involving water flow through channels, over bumps and weirs, and hydraulic jumps. The examples involve calculating flow rates, velocities, depths, slopes, and other parameters using equations of open channel flow and hydraulic jumps. Diagrams are provided for some of the channel and jump configurations.
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1) The critical depth for the given triangular channel with a 1:1.5 side slope and flowrate of 0.68 ft3/s is 0.53 ft.
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Q1 calculates that a weed-overgrown drainage channel needs to be cleared and maintained to convey a 5-year storm flow of 0.23 m3/s with a roughness coefficient of less than 0.045.
Q2 determines that a 2.7m wide concrete channel needs to be constructed 2.79m deep to convey 22.8 m3/s of flow with 0.3m of freeboard.
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This document discusses open channel flow, which is the flow of liquid through a conduit with a free surface driven only by gravity. It compares open channel flow to pipe flow, describes different types of open channel flows, parameters used in analysis like hydraulic radius and Froude number, and formulas like Chezy's and Manning's equations used to analyze open channel flow characteristics. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to apply these concepts and formulas to calculate quantities like velocity, discharge, slope, and critical depth in open channel flow problems.
open channel flow
- Open channel flow occurs in natural settings like rivers and streams as well as human-made channels. It is characterized by a free surface boundary.
- Flow can be uniform, gradually varied, or rapidly varied depending on changes in depth and velocity over distance. Uniform flow maintains constant depth and velocity.
- Important parameters include the Froude number, specific energy, and wave speed. Hydraulic jumps and critical flow occur when the Froude number is 1.
- Flow is controlled using underflow gates, overflow gates, and weirs. Measurement relies on critical flow assumptions at weirs.
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1) The critical depth for the given triangular channel with a 1:1.5 side slope and flowrate of 0.68 ft3/s is 0.53 ft.
2) The minimum specific energy is 0.66275 ft at the critical depth.
3) The specific energy curve plots energy (y-axis) versus depth (x-axis). At a depth of 0.45 ft, the energy is 0.705438 ft and there is an alternate depth of 0.645 ft with the same specific energy.
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Fluid mechanics 2nd edition hibbeler solutions manual
Full clear download (no error formatting) at:https://goo.gl/x2YGQn
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Solucion semana 15
The document contains 3 mechanics of materials problems involving stresses and beams. The first problem involves determining the principal stresses in a propeller shaft under combined torsion and axial loads. The second problem involves calculating the principal stresses and maximum shear stress at different points in a simply supported beam under a uniform load. The third problem involves using a given maximum tensile stress to determine the diameter of identical bars welded together to form an L-shaped arm supporting its own weight.
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Fluid mechanics 2nd edition hibbeler solutions manual
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Answers assignment 5 open channel hydraulics-fluid mechanics
This document contains the solutions to 5 questions regarding open channel hydraulics.
Q1 calculates that a weed-overgrown drainage channel needs to be cleared and maintained to convey a 5-year storm flow of 0.23 m3/s with a roughness coefficient of less than 0.045.
Q2 determines that a 2.7m wide concrete channel needs to be constructed 2.79m deep to convey 22.8 m3/s of flow with 0.3m of freeboard.
Q3 finds that a 7m wide spillway will flow at critical depth of 1.496m for a flowrate of 40.1 m3/s, with a corresponding still water depth behind
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The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness and well-being.
0 open channel intro 5
This document discusses open channel flow, which is the flow of liquid through a conduit with a free surface driven only by gravity. It compares open channel flow to pipe flow, describes different types of open channel flows, parameters used in analysis like hydraulic radius and Froude number, and formulas like Chezy's and Manning's equations used to analyze open channel flow characteristics. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to apply these concepts and formulas to calculate quantities like velocity, discharge, slope, and critical depth in open channel flow problems.
open channel flow
- Open channel flow occurs in natural settings like rivers and streams as well as human-made channels. It is characterized by a free surface boundary.
- Flow can be uniform, gradually varied, or rapidly varied depending on changes in depth and velocity over distance. Uniform flow maintains constant depth and velocity.
- Important parameters include the Froude number, specific energy, and wave speed. Hydraulic jumps and critical flow occur when the Froude number is 1.
- Flow is controlled using underflow gates, overflow gates, and weirs. Measurement relies on critical flow assumptions at weirs.
Lecture notes 05
The document discusses specific energy, which is the total energy of a channel flow referenced to the channel bed. Specific energy is constant for uniform flow but can increase or decrease for varied flow. Critical flow occurs when specific energy is at a minimum, corresponding to a Froude number of 1. For a rectangular channel, the critical depth formula and specific energy at critical depth are derived. The analysis is also extended to a triangular channel.
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- 1. EXAMPLE #02 (10.2) Water at 20°C flows in a 30 cm wide rectangular channel at a depth of 10 cm and a flowrate of 80,000 cm3 /s. Estimate (a) the Froude number and (b) the Reynolds number. EXAMPLE #03 (10.8) An earthquake near the Kenai peninsula, Alaska, creates a single “tidal” wave called tsunami that propagates southward across the Pacific Ocean. If the average ocean depth is 4 km and seawater density is 1025 kg/m3 , estimate the time of arrival of this tsunami in Hilo, Hawaii. EXAMPLE #04 (10.11) A rectangular channel is 2 m wide and contains water 3 m deep. If the slope is 0.85° and the lining is corrugated metal, estimate the discharge for uniform flow.
- 2. EXAMPLE #05 (10.17-10.18-10.19) The trapezoidal channel as shown below is made of brickwork and slopes at 1:500. 1. Determine the flowrate if the normal depth is 80 cm. 2. Determine the normal depth for which the flowrate will be 8 m3 /s. 3. Let the surface be clean earth, which erodes if V exceeds 1.5 m/s. What is the maximum depth to avoid erosion?
- 3. EXAMPLE #06 (10.84) Consider the flow under the sluice gate. If y1=10 ft and all losses are neglected except the dissipation in the jump, calculate y2 and y3 and the percentage of dissipation, and sketch the flow to scale with the EGL included. The channel is horizontal and wide.
- 4. EXAMPLE #07 (10.89) Water 30cm deep is in uniform flow down a 1° unfinished concrete slope when a hydraulic jump occurs. If the channel is very wide, estimate the water depth y2 downstream of the jump.
- 5. EXAMPLE #08 (10.93) Water in horizontal channel accelerates smoothly over a bump and then undergoes a hydraulic jump. If y1 = 1m and y3 = 40cm, estimate (a) V1, (b) V3, (c) y4 and (d) the bump height, h.
- 6. EXAMPLE #09 (10.95) A 10 cm high bump in a wide horizontal water channel creates a hydraulic jump just upstream. Neglecting losses except in the jump, for case y3 = 30cm, estimate (a) V4, (b) y4, (c) V1 and (d) y1.
- 7. EXAMPLE #10 (C10.6) Figure shows a horizontal flow of water through a sluice gate, a hydraulic jump, and over 6 ft sharp crested weir. Channel, gate, jump and weir are all 8 ft wide unfinished concrete. Determine (a) the flow rate, (b) the normal depth, (c) y2, (d) y3 and (e) y4.