Plant breeding - History, Objectives & ActivitiesShovan Das
Discussion is about the detailed history of plant breeding, various objectives of plant breeding and activities of plant breeding. All topics are discussed to the point.
Plant breeding has evolved over centuries from early attempts by ancient civilizations to artificial pollination of date palms, to the development of modern scientific plant breeding in the 18th-19th centuries. Key events included Thomas Fairchild producing the first artificial hybrid in 1717, Gregor Mendel's discoveries of genetics in the 1860s, and the work of early 20th century scientists who applied Mendel's principles to plant improvement. Modern plant breeding accelerated in the 1940-60s, including Norman Borlaug's development of semi-dwarf high-yielding wheat varieties, launching the Green Revolution. Institutional support also grew over this time, such as the establishment of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research in 1929.
Thomas Fairchild was the first to create an artificial plant hybrid in 1717 between Sweet William and Carnation pink, called "Fairchild's Mule". Important developments in the pre-Mendelian era included domestication of major crops by 1000 BC, and the first description of the cell in 1665. The Mendelian era saw the rediscovery of Mendel's laws in 1900 and the development of the first commercial maize hybrid in 1917. The post-Mendelian era brought the discovery of cytoplasmic male sterility in rice in 1933 and transposable elements in 1950. Modern developments include the first transgenic plant in 1983, Bt cotton in 1987, and the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers'
Definition and historical aspects of heterosis by Devendra kumarDevendraKumar375
This document provides an overview of heterosis, or hybrid vigor. It defines heterosis as the superiority of an F1 hybrid over its parental lines. The document then discusses the history of heterosis research from the pre-Mendelian era through modern times. It also summarizes three major theories that attempt to explain the genetic basis of heterosis: dominance theory, overdominance theory, and epistasis theory. Finally, it provides definitions of key terms related to heterosis and lists references used.
This document provides a detailed history of plant breeding from pre-Mendelian era to modern era in 4 parts:
1) Pre-Mendelian era discussed early domestication and experimentation before Mendel's work.
2) Mendelian era covered rediscovery of Mendel's laws and initial application to plant breeding in early 1900s.
3) Post-Mendelian era saw expansion of genetics knowledge and techniques like hybrid development.
4) Modern era discussed major developments like green revolution varieties, biotechnology, and institutional growth in India.
This document provides a history of major developments in plant breeding from 1717 to present day. Some key milestones include Mendel discovering principles of inheritance in 1865, Borlaug developing high-yielding semi-dwarf wheat varieties leading to the Green Revolution in 1964, and Monsanto developing the first transgenic cotton plant in 1987. The document also lists several important Indian scientists who contributed to plant breeding, such as M.S. Swaminathan who developed semi-dwarf wheat varieties at IARI and Maheshwari and Guha who produced the first haploid plant in vitro from pollen in 1964.
History of plant breeding(Pre and post mendelian era)Ankit Tigga
This document provides an overview of the history of plant breeding from pre-Mendelian to modern eras, objectives of plant breeding, and characteristics improved through breeding. It discusses early developments before 1900 including Linnaeus' binomial nomenclature system. The Mendelian era from 1900-1920 saw the rediscovery of Mendel's work. Post-Mendelian developments from 1921-1950 included Wright's mating systems and the concept of heterosis. Modern breeding from 1950 onward utilized techniques like wide hybridization and mutation breeding. Objectives include increased yield, quality, biotic/abiotic stress resistance, and earliness. Traits improved include these objectives in crops like wheat, rice, cotton, and more.
Plant Breeding - Objectives and HistoryVikas Kashyap
This document provides an overview of the history and objectives of plant breeding. It discusses the evolution of plant breeding from pre-Mendelian times up until modern biotechnology approaches. The key objectives of plant breeding are to increase yield, improve quality, develop biotic and abiotic stress resistance, and modify other agronomic traits. The history is divided into four eras: pre-Mendelian (before 1900), Mendelian (1900-1920), post-Mendelian (1921-1950), and modern (after 1950). Important developments and figures in each era are highlighted.
Plant breeding - History, Objectives & ActivitiesShovan Das
Discussion is about the detailed history of plant breeding, various objectives of plant breeding and activities of plant breeding. All topics are discussed to the point.
Plant breeding has evolved over centuries from early attempts by ancient civilizations to artificial pollination of date palms, to the development of modern scientific plant breeding in the 18th-19th centuries. Key events included Thomas Fairchild producing the first artificial hybrid in 1717, Gregor Mendel's discoveries of genetics in the 1860s, and the work of early 20th century scientists who applied Mendel's principles to plant improvement. Modern plant breeding accelerated in the 1940-60s, including Norman Borlaug's development of semi-dwarf high-yielding wheat varieties, launching the Green Revolution. Institutional support also grew over this time, such as the establishment of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research in 1929.
Thomas Fairchild was the first to create an artificial plant hybrid in 1717 between Sweet William and Carnation pink, called "Fairchild's Mule". Important developments in the pre-Mendelian era included domestication of major crops by 1000 BC, and the first description of the cell in 1665. The Mendelian era saw the rediscovery of Mendel's laws in 1900 and the development of the first commercial maize hybrid in 1917. The post-Mendelian era brought the discovery of cytoplasmic male sterility in rice in 1933 and transposable elements in 1950. Modern developments include the first transgenic plant in 1983, Bt cotton in 1987, and the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers'
Definition and historical aspects of heterosis by Devendra kumarDevendraKumar375
This document provides an overview of heterosis, or hybrid vigor. It defines heterosis as the superiority of an F1 hybrid over its parental lines. The document then discusses the history of heterosis research from the pre-Mendelian era through modern times. It also summarizes three major theories that attempt to explain the genetic basis of heterosis: dominance theory, overdominance theory, and epistasis theory. Finally, it provides definitions of key terms related to heterosis and lists references used.
This document provides a detailed history of plant breeding from pre-Mendelian era to modern era in 4 parts:
1) Pre-Mendelian era discussed early domestication and experimentation before Mendel's work.
2) Mendelian era covered rediscovery of Mendel's laws and initial application to plant breeding in early 1900s.
3) Post-Mendelian era saw expansion of genetics knowledge and techniques like hybrid development.
4) Modern era discussed major developments like green revolution varieties, biotechnology, and institutional growth in India.
This document provides a history of major developments in plant breeding from 1717 to present day. Some key milestones include Mendel discovering principles of inheritance in 1865, Borlaug developing high-yielding semi-dwarf wheat varieties leading to the Green Revolution in 1964, and Monsanto developing the first transgenic cotton plant in 1987. The document also lists several important Indian scientists who contributed to plant breeding, such as M.S. Swaminathan who developed semi-dwarf wheat varieties at IARI and Maheshwari and Guha who produced the first haploid plant in vitro from pollen in 1964.
History of plant breeding(Pre and post mendelian era)Ankit Tigga
This document provides an overview of the history of plant breeding from pre-Mendelian to modern eras, objectives of plant breeding, and characteristics improved through breeding. It discusses early developments before 1900 including Linnaeus' binomial nomenclature system. The Mendelian era from 1900-1920 saw the rediscovery of Mendel's work. Post-Mendelian developments from 1921-1950 included Wright's mating systems and the concept of heterosis. Modern breeding from 1950 onward utilized techniques like wide hybridization and mutation breeding. Objectives include increased yield, quality, biotic/abiotic stress resistance, and earliness. Traits improved include these objectives in crops like wheat, rice, cotton, and more.
Plant Breeding - Objectives and HistoryVikas Kashyap
This document provides an overview of the history and objectives of plant breeding. It discusses the evolution of plant breeding from pre-Mendelian times up until modern biotechnology approaches. The key objectives of plant breeding are to increase yield, improve quality, develop biotic and abiotic stress resistance, and modify other agronomic traits. The history is divided into four eras: pre-Mendelian (before 1900), Mendelian (1900-1920), post-Mendelian (1921-1950), and modern (after 1950). Important developments and figures in each era are highlighted.
Plant science is the study of plant structure, function, growth, and protection. It can be divided into agronomy, horticulture, and forestry. The objectives of plant science are to understand plant structure and function, increase crop yields, study genetics of important traits, and analyze phytochemicals of medicinal plants. Important developments in plant science history include discoveries in photoperiodism, auxin isolation, chloroplast function, genetics, and genetic engineering which has enabled traits like increased yields and removal of allergens from foods. Plant science has applications in agroforestry, crop science, and plant disease management but faces challenges from reduced plant diversity and decreased arable land.
GENETICS - Dr. P. Saranraj, Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Sacred Heart College (Autonomous), Tirupattur, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
1. The document provides an overview of the history and development of biotechnology from prehistoric times to the present.
2. It discusses early applications of biotechnology in areas like brewing beer and baking bread starting in 6000 BC. Significant advances were made between 1800-1900 with discoveries like pasteurization.
3. The 1900s saw major breakthroughs in understanding genetics including Mendel's laws of heredity and the discovery of DNA's structure. This set the stage for rapid growth of biotechnology research from 1953 onwards with recombinant DNA techniques.
Some references are coming from the internet, i just copied it.. credits to the owner. some information are not mine as well as the slide i just download it from the internet. My report in my Masters.
This document provides background information on Gregor Mendel and his experiments with pea plants that formed the basis of genetics. It discusses Mendel's education and career as a monk, his selection of pea plants as an experimental organism, his monohybrid and dihybrid cross experiments, and his formulation of Mendel's laws of inheritance. Key points include that Mendel conducted experiments over many generations of pea plants to study inheritance of traits like plant height and seed color, and from this work deduced the laws of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment.
Plant breeding is the art and science of improving plant varieties. The key activities of plant breeding include creating variability, selecting elite varieties, evaluating varieties in trials, identifying superior varieties, multiplying seeds, and distributing new varieties. The objectives of plant breeding are to increase yield, improve quality, add resistances to stresses, and modify other agronomic traits. Plant breeding has progressed from the pre-Mendelian era of selection and hybridization to the modern era utilizing techniques like hybridization, mutation breeding, and genetic engineering.
Classical genetics refers to the study of inheritance of traits through reproduction. Johann Mendel conducted experiments with pea plants in the 1860s to understand inheritance patterns of traits such as plant height, seed texture, and flower color. He discovered that traits are controlled by discrete units called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes exist in different variants called alleles that can be dominant or recessive. Mendel's work was not widely recognized until the early 1900s but formed the foundation of classical and modern genetics.
1. The history of plant tissue culture began in 1902 when Gottlieb Haberlandt first cultured isolated plant cells in a nutrient solution, hoping to regenerate whole plants, though he was unsuccessful.
2. In the 1930s and 1940s, scientists like White, Gautheret, and Nobecourt established the first continuously growing plant tissue cultures using auxins and vitamins.
3. Advances in the mid-20th century led to developments like cell plating techniques, synthetic media like Murashige and Skoog medium, regeneration of plants from isolated cells and protoplasts, and the first transgenic plants.
This document summarizes the history of maize breeding at North Dakota State University (NDSU) and discusses the current goals and approaches of the maize breeding program. It describes how early maize breeders at NDSU selected for cold tolerance and early maturity to adapt maize to North Dakota's short growing seasons. The development of hybrid maize in the early 1900s increased yields. The current NDSU program aims to develop very early maturing varieties for the northern Corn Belt through extensive testing of populations and inbred lines across environments. The program emphasizes germplasm choice, adaptation, and training the next generation of maize breeders.
1. Plant breeding aims to genetically improve plants for economic and agricultural benefits, through selection and hybridization.
2. Key objectives of plant breeding include increasing yield, improving quality, developing biotic and abiotic stress resistance, and enabling wider adaptability of varieties.
3. Important scientific contributions include Mendel's principles of heredity, Borlaug's development of semi-dwarf wheat varieties enabling the Green Revolution, and Swaminathan's role in India's Green Revolution through new rice and wheat varieties.
The document provides a detailed history and overview of mycology, the study of fungi. It discusses important figures and their contributions to the field from 1500 to present day. It also covers general fungal characteristics, types of reproduction, spore structures, taxonomic classifications proposed over time, and specialized characteristics of different fungi. The document is an extensive review of the history and major topics in the field of mycology.
During the 17th century, important developments in botany included Robert Hooke inventing the microscope in 1665, allowing close examination of plant cells. Anton van Leeuwenhoek later observed live cells under a microscope. Johannes van Helmont conducted experiments on tree water uptake. During the 18th century, Carolus Linnaeus introduced modern taxonomy and plant classification. Gregor Mendel's experiments in the 19th century laid the foundations for genetics. In the 20th century, technology advanced the study of plant structures and genetics at the cellular level, while ecology emerged as a separate discipline. Modern research continues to enhance understanding of plant functions and applications in agriculture.
This document provides information about the history and development of nematology in India. Some key points:
1) Nematology as a separate branch of agriculture science in India was recognized about 37 years ago. Some early reports of plant parasitic nematodes in India date back to the early 1900s.
2) Important milestones include the establishment of nematology laboratories and units in the 1960s with assistance from organizations like the Indian Council of Agricultural Research.
3) The Nematological Society of India was founded in 1969 and the first All India Nematology Symposium was held in 1969, marking the growth of the field in India.
This document provides an overview of the key topics in genetics. It discusses the history and founders of genetics from Darwin's theory of evolution to modern discoveries like the structure of DNA. It outlines the major fields in genetics including transmission genetics, molecular and biochemical genetics, and population genetics. It also provides examples of applications of genetics in agriculture, medicine, forensics, industries, humans, and the environment.
This document describes research on producing double haploids in the ornamental plant Primula via anther culture. The researchers determined the optimal microspore developmental stage for culture by examining bud size and morphology. Anthers at specific stages were cultured on media with different plant growth regulator combinations. Callus formed from some anthers, and some calli regenerated shoots. The ploidy levels of regenerated plants were determined using flow cytometry and cytology. Plants with haploid, diploid and mixoploid levels were identified. The study developed a protocol for generating double haploids in Primula through microspore culture, aiming to provide a more efficient breeding method for this ornamental crop.
This document discusses the origins and development of plant breeding for agricultural crops. It provides background on the origins of agriculture in different regions including the Near East and Mesoamerica. It then focuses on the development of landraces for self-pollinated species like wheat and the development of landraces for cross-pollinated species like corn. It discusses the composition and breeding of these landrace populations and how early plant breeders selected superior plants and ears to develop new cultivars through mass selection.
History,classification & importance of plant pathologyvaishalidandge3
This document provides a history of the field of plant pathology, beginning with early observations of plant diseases in ancient texts from 1500-500 BC in India. It discusses key figures who advanced the field such as Theophrastus in 370 BC, Anton von Leeuwenhoek in the 1600s, and Anton de Bary in 1861 who proved fungi cause diseases. The document also summarizes the development of mycology, bacteriology, virology, and classification of plant diseases. It concludes with the importance of plant pathology in developing techniques to protect crops and restrict disease spread.
Roshan Chandurkar Definition & History of Plant BreedingRoshanChandurkar
This document provides an overview of plant breeding principles and history. It defines plant breeding as improving the genetic makeup of plants for economic benefit. The history section describes how early farmers initially selected desirable wild plants for food and how modern plant breeding began. It then outlines major developments and contributions from scientists in the pre-Mendelian and post-Mendelian eras. Specific Indian scientists and their breakthroughs in developing high-yielding varieties are also highlighted.
The document outlines the history of plant tissue culture from 1832 to the present. Some of the key events include Theodor Schwann presenting the idea that cells can grow outside the body in 1832. In 1898, Gottlieb Haberlandt made the first attempt at plant tissue culture but cells did not divide. Later researchers like White and Skoog added growth hormones like auxin and vitamins, enabling cell division. Techniques like cell suspension cultures and protoplast isolation were developed in the 1950s-60s, allowing for mass plant cell production. Somatic embryogenesis and regeneration methods enabled cloning in the 1970s. Today, tissue culture is used commercially and allows for disease-free propagation of plants.
HORTICULTURAL BOOKS by VANANGAMUDI K. pdfVanangamudiK1
HORTICULTURAL BOOKS
Dr. K. Vanangamudi
PUBLISHED BY NIPA
A HANDBOOK OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES VOL. 1: PRINCIPLES & PRACTICES OF HORTICULTURE AND FRUIT SCIENCE
HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES VOL. 2: VEGETABLE SCIENCE AND ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE
A HANDBOOK OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES VOL. 3: SPICES, PLANTATION, MEDICINAL, AROMATIC CROPS AND POST-HARVEST MANAGEMENT
MCQ's ON HORTICULTURE
Plant science is the study of plant structure, function, growth, and protection. It can be divided into agronomy, horticulture, and forestry. The objectives of plant science are to understand plant structure and function, increase crop yields, study genetics of important traits, and analyze phytochemicals of medicinal plants. Important developments in plant science history include discoveries in photoperiodism, auxin isolation, chloroplast function, genetics, and genetic engineering which has enabled traits like increased yields and removal of allergens from foods. Plant science has applications in agroforestry, crop science, and plant disease management but faces challenges from reduced plant diversity and decreased arable land.
GENETICS - Dr. P. Saranraj, Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Sacred Heart College (Autonomous), Tirupattur, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
1. The document provides an overview of the history and development of biotechnology from prehistoric times to the present.
2. It discusses early applications of biotechnology in areas like brewing beer and baking bread starting in 6000 BC. Significant advances were made between 1800-1900 with discoveries like pasteurization.
3. The 1900s saw major breakthroughs in understanding genetics including Mendel's laws of heredity and the discovery of DNA's structure. This set the stage for rapid growth of biotechnology research from 1953 onwards with recombinant DNA techniques.
Some references are coming from the internet, i just copied it.. credits to the owner. some information are not mine as well as the slide i just download it from the internet. My report in my Masters.
This document provides background information on Gregor Mendel and his experiments with pea plants that formed the basis of genetics. It discusses Mendel's education and career as a monk, his selection of pea plants as an experimental organism, his monohybrid and dihybrid cross experiments, and his formulation of Mendel's laws of inheritance. Key points include that Mendel conducted experiments over many generations of pea plants to study inheritance of traits like plant height and seed color, and from this work deduced the laws of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment.
Plant breeding is the art and science of improving plant varieties. The key activities of plant breeding include creating variability, selecting elite varieties, evaluating varieties in trials, identifying superior varieties, multiplying seeds, and distributing new varieties. The objectives of plant breeding are to increase yield, improve quality, add resistances to stresses, and modify other agronomic traits. Plant breeding has progressed from the pre-Mendelian era of selection and hybridization to the modern era utilizing techniques like hybridization, mutation breeding, and genetic engineering.
Classical genetics refers to the study of inheritance of traits through reproduction. Johann Mendel conducted experiments with pea plants in the 1860s to understand inheritance patterns of traits such as plant height, seed texture, and flower color. He discovered that traits are controlled by discrete units called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes exist in different variants called alleles that can be dominant or recessive. Mendel's work was not widely recognized until the early 1900s but formed the foundation of classical and modern genetics.
1. The history of plant tissue culture began in 1902 when Gottlieb Haberlandt first cultured isolated plant cells in a nutrient solution, hoping to regenerate whole plants, though he was unsuccessful.
2. In the 1930s and 1940s, scientists like White, Gautheret, and Nobecourt established the first continuously growing plant tissue cultures using auxins and vitamins.
3. Advances in the mid-20th century led to developments like cell plating techniques, synthetic media like Murashige and Skoog medium, regeneration of plants from isolated cells and protoplasts, and the first transgenic plants.
This document summarizes the history of maize breeding at North Dakota State University (NDSU) and discusses the current goals and approaches of the maize breeding program. It describes how early maize breeders at NDSU selected for cold tolerance and early maturity to adapt maize to North Dakota's short growing seasons. The development of hybrid maize in the early 1900s increased yields. The current NDSU program aims to develop very early maturing varieties for the northern Corn Belt through extensive testing of populations and inbred lines across environments. The program emphasizes germplasm choice, adaptation, and training the next generation of maize breeders.
1. Plant breeding aims to genetically improve plants for economic and agricultural benefits, through selection and hybridization.
2. Key objectives of plant breeding include increasing yield, improving quality, developing biotic and abiotic stress resistance, and enabling wider adaptability of varieties.
3. Important scientific contributions include Mendel's principles of heredity, Borlaug's development of semi-dwarf wheat varieties enabling the Green Revolution, and Swaminathan's role in India's Green Revolution through new rice and wheat varieties.
The document provides a detailed history and overview of mycology, the study of fungi. It discusses important figures and their contributions to the field from 1500 to present day. It also covers general fungal characteristics, types of reproduction, spore structures, taxonomic classifications proposed over time, and specialized characteristics of different fungi. The document is an extensive review of the history and major topics in the field of mycology.
During the 17th century, important developments in botany included Robert Hooke inventing the microscope in 1665, allowing close examination of plant cells. Anton van Leeuwenhoek later observed live cells under a microscope. Johannes van Helmont conducted experiments on tree water uptake. During the 18th century, Carolus Linnaeus introduced modern taxonomy and plant classification. Gregor Mendel's experiments in the 19th century laid the foundations for genetics. In the 20th century, technology advanced the study of plant structures and genetics at the cellular level, while ecology emerged as a separate discipline. Modern research continues to enhance understanding of plant functions and applications in agriculture.
This document provides information about the history and development of nematology in India. Some key points:
1) Nematology as a separate branch of agriculture science in India was recognized about 37 years ago. Some early reports of plant parasitic nematodes in India date back to the early 1900s.
2) Important milestones include the establishment of nematology laboratories and units in the 1960s with assistance from organizations like the Indian Council of Agricultural Research.
3) The Nematological Society of India was founded in 1969 and the first All India Nematology Symposium was held in 1969, marking the growth of the field in India.
This document provides an overview of the key topics in genetics. It discusses the history and founders of genetics from Darwin's theory of evolution to modern discoveries like the structure of DNA. It outlines the major fields in genetics including transmission genetics, molecular and biochemical genetics, and population genetics. It also provides examples of applications of genetics in agriculture, medicine, forensics, industries, humans, and the environment.
This document describes research on producing double haploids in the ornamental plant Primula via anther culture. The researchers determined the optimal microspore developmental stage for culture by examining bud size and morphology. Anthers at specific stages were cultured on media with different plant growth regulator combinations. Callus formed from some anthers, and some calli regenerated shoots. The ploidy levels of regenerated plants were determined using flow cytometry and cytology. Plants with haploid, diploid and mixoploid levels were identified. The study developed a protocol for generating double haploids in Primula through microspore culture, aiming to provide a more efficient breeding method for this ornamental crop.
This document discusses the origins and development of plant breeding for agricultural crops. It provides background on the origins of agriculture in different regions including the Near East and Mesoamerica. It then focuses on the development of landraces for self-pollinated species like wheat and the development of landraces for cross-pollinated species like corn. It discusses the composition and breeding of these landrace populations and how early plant breeders selected superior plants and ears to develop new cultivars through mass selection.
History,classification & importance of plant pathologyvaishalidandge3
This document provides a history of the field of plant pathology, beginning with early observations of plant diseases in ancient texts from 1500-500 BC in India. It discusses key figures who advanced the field such as Theophrastus in 370 BC, Anton von Leeuwenhoek in the 1600s, and Anton de Bary in 1861 who proved fungi cause diseases. The document also summarizes the development of mycology, bacteriology, virology, and classification of plant diseases. It concludes with the importance of plant pathology in developing techniques to protect crops and restrict disease spread.
Roshan Chandurkar Definition & History of Plant BreedingRoshanChandurkar
This document provides an overview of plant breeding principles and history. It defines plant breeding as improving the genetic makeup of plants for economic benefit. The history section describes how early farmers initially selected desirable wild plants for food and how modern plant breeding began. It then outlines major developments and contributions from scientists in the pre-Mendelian and post-Mendelian eras. Specific Indian scientists and their breakthroughs in developing high-yielding varieties are also highlighted.
The document outlines the history of plant tissue culture from 1832 to the present. Some of the key events include Theodor Schwann presenting the idea that cells can grow outside the body in 1832. In 1898, Gottlieb Haberlandt made the first attempt at plant tissue culture but cells did not divide. Later researchers like White and Skoog added growth hormones like auxin and vitamins, enabling cell division. Techniques like cell suspension cultures and protoplast isolation were developed in the 1950s-60s, allowing for mass plant cell production. Somatic embryogenesis and regeneration methods enabled cloning in the 1970s. Today, tissue culture is used commercially and allows for disease-free propagation of plants.
HORTICULTURAL BOOKS by VANANGAMUDI K. pdfVanangamudiK1
HORTICULTURAL BOOKS
Dr. K. Vanangamudi
PUBLISHED BY NIPA
A HANDBOOK OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES VOL. 1: PRINCIPLES & PRACTICES OF HORTICULTURE AND FRUIT SCIENCE
HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES VOL. 2: VEGETABLE SCIENCE AND ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE
A HANDBOOK OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES VOL. 3: SPICES, PLANTATION, MEDICINAL, AROMATIC CROPS AND POST-HARVEST MANAGEMENT
MCQ's ON HORTICULTURE
FACTS AND FIGURES OF FRUIT CROPS - AN OVERVIEW.pdfVanangamudiK1
FACTS AND FIGURES OF FRUIT CROPS
COMMON NAME, SCIENTIFIC NAME, FAMILY, CHROMOSOME NUMBER, ORIGIN, INFLORESCENCE, FRUIT TYPE, FLOWERING
AND FRUITING PERIOD OF FRUIT CROPS
Production Technology of Fruit crops.pdfVanangamudiK1
This document provides information on the cultivation practices for various fruits. It includes the season, seed/planting material used, spacing, fertilizer and yield for fruits like mango, banana, acid lime, sweet orange, mandarin orange, grapes, guava, pineapple, sapota, papaya, pomegranate, jackfruit, ber, amla, jamun, custard apple, fig, West Indian cherry, litchi, avocado, loquat, karonda, carambola and passion fruit. The information is presented in a tabular format for easy reference of the key parameters for each fruit.
PROTECTION OF PLANT VARIETY AND FARMERS RIGHT ACT.pdfVanangamudiK1
PROTECTION OF PLANT VARIETY & FARMERS RIGHT ACT
Plant breeding
K Vanangamudi
TNPSC AO, HO, ADH, AAO, AHO EXAMS
ICAR AIEEA JRF & SRF for PG admissions exams
ICAR NET, ARS & STO (T-6) exams
IBPS – AFO exams
PPV & FR Act 2001
Notable features of PPV & FR Act
Farmers rights
Breeders Rights
Extant variety
Essentially Derived Variety (EDV)
Researchers right
Registration of plant varieties
National Gene Fund
Plant Variety Journal of India (PVJ of India)
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
Plant breeding
K Vanangamudi
TNPSC AO, HO, ADH, AAO, AHO EXAMS
ICAR AIEEA JRF & SRF for PG admissions exams
ICAR NET, ARS & STO (T-6) exams
IBPS – AFO exams
Protective umbrella of TRIPS covers
Orthodox or conventional IPR’s
Cyber Law
Geographical Indications of goods
Organizations involved in IPR
Variety release
Plant breeding
K Vanangamudi
TNPSC AO, HO, ADH, AAO, AHO EXAMS
ICAR AIEEA JRF & SRF for PG admissions exams
ICAR NET, ARS & STO (T-6) exams
IBPS – AFO exams
Official release of the varieties at Central and State levels
Procedure for release of the varieties at Central level
Organizational setup of Varietal Identification Committee (VIC)
Central Seed Committee (CSC)
Central Sub-Committee on Crop Standards, Notification and Release of Varieties for Agricultural Crops
Notification of varieties
Procedure for release of State variety
State Varietal Identification System
State Seed Subcommittee for Agricultural Crops
VARIETAL SEED PRODUCTION IN MAIZE
Seed Science & Technology
K Vanangamudi
ICAR AIEEA JRF & SRF for PG admissions exams
ICAR NET, ARS & STO (T-6) exams
IBPS – AFO exams
Zenia and metazenia in maize
Pre sowing seed treatment in maize
HYBRID SEED PRODUCTION IN MAIZE\
Seed Science & Technology
K Vanangamudi
ICAR AIEEA JRF & SRF for PG admissions exams
ICAR NET, ARS & STO (T-6) exams
IBPS – AFO exams
Detasseling
Single cross hybrid, Double cross hybrid, Single cross hybrid, Single cross hybrid, Three way hybrid, Double top cross hybrid
VARIETAL SEED PRODUCTION IN PADDY
Seed Science & Technology
K Vanangamudi
ICAR AIEEA JRF & SRF for PG admissions exams
ICAR NET, ARS & STO (T-6) exams
IBPS – AFO exams
SEED VILLAGE
Seed Science & Technology
K Vanangamudi
ICAR AIEEA JRF & SRF for PG admissions exams
ICAR NET, ARS & STO (T-6) exams
IBPS – AFO exams
Concept, Features, History, Establishment and advantages of seed villages
Establishing seed processing unit
Advanta India seed village (Indian tobacco co-operation)
MSSRF seed village
Association of Indian development (AID) – seed village
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
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বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
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ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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1. PLANT BREEDING
INNOVATIONS AND SCIENTISTS IN PLANT BREEDING
Dr. K. Vanangamudi
Formerly Dean (Agriculture),
Dean Adhiparasakthi Agricultural College,
Professor & Head,
Seed Science & Technology, TNAU, Coimbatore
2. PLANT BREEDING
Manipulation of plants qualities to create new
varieties with desired characteristics.
Objectives
To enhance crop yield.
To cultivate plants with desired characteristics.
To impart a pest & disease resistance.
To develop plants to tolerate extreme environmental
stress.
3. Plant Breeding Types
1.Inbreeding
Self-fertilization method is followed
Progeny produced is the same generation after
generation.
Helps to preserve the original traits.
2. Hybrid Breeding
Two different plants (varieties/species/genus) are crossed
to produce the offspring that is better in productivity and
qualities than the parents.
4. 3. Backcrossing
Plant with desired traits is crossed with a plant that does
not have the desired traits, but has several other traits.
4. Mutation Breeding
Mutations in plant genes result in new varieties.
Mutations be induced by exposing them to chemicals and
radiation.
5. Genetic Engineering
Production of crops with desirable traits by inserting the
gene of interest within the crop DNA.
Known as genetically modified crops (Bt crops)
5. INNOVATIONS & SCIENTISTS
Gregor Mendel (1822–84) is the father of genetics and plant breeding
Gregor Mendel (1866) experimented with plant hybridization and
discovered laws of inheritance while working with garden pea.
First to develop inter – specific hybrid between Sweet William and
carnation (Dianthus barbatus x D.caryophyllus) – Fairchild’s mule -
Thomas Fairchild (1717).
Vilmorins principle of progeny testing - used progeny test in
improvement of sugarbeet - Vilmorins (1856)
6. Rimpu (1890) made first inter generic cross between bread wheat and
rye resulted in triticale (DT-46 variety of triticale).
In 1900, De Vries (Holland), Correns (Germany) & Tschermark (Austria)
rediscovered Mendel’s law of inheritance independently.
In 1903, Johannson (Danish botanist) developed pure – line concept.
Terms genotype and phenotype was coined in 1909 by Johannson.
Shull, G.H & East, E.M. (1908) – over dominance hypothesis of
heterosis in maize.
Devenport, C.B. (1908) proposed dominance hypothesis of heterosis.
7. Jones, D.F. (1917): Made first double cross in maize. First used male
sterility in the development of hybrids.
Vavilov, N.I. (Russian Geneticist) (1926) identified centres of crop
diversity (Centre of origin) and Law of homologous series of
variation/Law of parallel variation. Identified 8 main centers and 3 sub
centers of crop diversity.
Karpechenko (Russia) – 1928 –developed first inter generic hybrid
between radish and cabbage.
Nagaharu, U. (1935) – Proposed origin of tetraploid species of Brassica
using a triangle i.e. U’s triangle.
8. Painter, R.H. (1951) –Found three mechanisms – Non-
preference, Antibiosis, Tolerance of insect resistance in
crop plants.
Flor, H.H. (1956) proposed gene for gene hypothesis in flax
(Line seed) for flax rust caused by Malampsora lini.
Vander Plank, J.E. (1963) proposed concept of vertical and
horizontal resistance.
Norman, E. Borlaug (1964): Developed high yielding semi –
dwarf varieties of wheat – Father of Green revolution.
9. In 2000, genome sequencing of Arabidopis thaliana was done. First
genome sequenced plant.
While in 2002, genome sequencing of Rice.
2005 – GOI – Approved cultivation Bt cotton in Punjab, Haryana and
Rajasthan.
Nobilisation of Indian canes by C.A. Barber and T.S. Venkatraman, SBI,
Coimbatore) Saccharum officinarun (Noble cane) x Saccaharum barberi
(Indian cane).
Transferred thick stem and high sugar contents from tropical noble
cane to north Indian cane. This is known as Nobilisation of Indian
canes.
Saccaharum spontaneum – wild species resistant of diseases.
10. Term apomixis – Winkler (1908)
Self-incompatibility was coined by Stout (1917).
Koelreuter, first reported self-incompatibility in Verbascum
phoenceum.
Gametophyte system of SI was discovered by East and Mangeosdorf
(1925) in Nicotina sanderae.
Sporophytic self incompatibility system was first discovered by
Hughes and Babcock (1950) in Crepis foetida and Gerstel (1950) in
Parthenium argentatum (Guayule)
Koelreuter (1763) first reported male sterility in flowering plants.
11. Gene pool concept proposed by Harlan and De Wet (1971).
Gene pool consists of all the genes and their alleles present in all
such individuals which hybridize with each other.
Primary gene pool (GP1): Intermating is easy leads to production
of fertile hybrids.
o GP1 – Easily crossable
Secondary gene pool (GP2): Partial fertility on crossing with GP1
plants.
Tertiary gene pool (GP3): Sterile hybrids on crossing with GP1
plants.
12. Term micro centre by Harlan, 1951
Term primary centres of origin was proposed by Vavilov.
Mega centre theory was proposed by Zhukovsky.
Centre and noncentre concept was proposed by Harian
Vander Plank, J.E. (1963): Developed the concept of vertical and
horizontal resistance.
Pure line selection: Given by Johansen (Danish biologist.
Single seed descent method was suggested by Goulden (1939).
Concept of SSD in oats in 1965 by – Graphius and in soybean by
C.A.Brim (1966).
13. Bulk breeding method Concept was developed by Nilsson Ehle (1908).
Recurrent selection” was coined by Hull (1945).
Procedure of recurrent selection was described by Jenkins (1940).
Recurrent selection for SCA (Narrow based test cross) was proposed
by F.H.Hull (1945).
Recurrent selection for GCA (Broad based test cross) was first
suggested by Jenkins
Reciprocal recurrent selection proposed by R.E. Comstock, H.F.
Robinson and P.H.Harvey (1949).
14. In progeny selection (Ear to row method) in maize was first proposed
by Hopkins.
Modified ear to row method was proposed by Lonquist.
Commercial cultivation of synthetics first suggested in maize by
Hayes and Garber (1919).
G.H.Shull was the first to produce a single cross hybrid in maize.
Top cross method was suggested by Davis (1927). Exploitation of
hybrids in tobacco was carried out by Koelreuter.
Heterosis was coined by G.H. Shull (1914).
First hybrid rice was developed in 1976 at China by Yuan Long Ping
(Father of hybrid rice).
15. Term mutation was coined by Hugo De vries in 1900.
The scientific study of mutation was started in 1910
by Morgan and his workers.
Mutagenic action of X-rays was discovered by
Muller (1927) on Drosophila and awarded noble prize
in 1946.
Mutations action of gamma rays given by Stadler
(1928) in barley and maize.
16. Heterobeltiosis, term first coined by Fonseca (1965) in wheat
diallel analysis
Useful Heterosis was used by Meredith and Bridge (1972)
Overdominance was coined by Hull (1945) in Maize.
Ideotype was proposed by Donald (1968) in wheat.
Epistasis is a term originally proposed by Bateson (1909).