1. First watch the video below on Mendelian genetics and monohybrid crosses. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lsj-Ij53CkA Also read: Mendelian Genetics – Introduction to Drosophila and Genetic This week you are to discuss the experiments conducted by Mendel and discuss the role of transcription and translation from the Central Dogma of Biology that connects "genotype" to "phenotype." (1) Provide a general overview of Mendel's experiment. (2) What was the organism that Mendel studied (provide the genus and species name as well as the common name)? (3) Why was this organism ideal to study the law of independent assortment? (4) List one dominant and one recessive example for a phenotype that Mendel found and describe the phenotypic ratio expected to result from crossing two parents heterozygous for only that trait. (5) In simple terms discuss gene transcription and translation. What type of molecule results from translation? How do gene transcription and translation lead to a specific phenotype? Most importantly for this question: what does transcription and translation have to do with the inheritance of Mendelian traits?  2. Why Bees are Disappearing, by Marla Spivac ( watch and comment https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dY7iATJVCso 3. (2) Photosynthesis – Mr Anderson's lecture ( Watch and comment) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g78utcLQrJ4 4. How important is the protein called ATP synthase in this process? 5. Which ingredients are needed for photosynthesis and why? 6. Respond to the following post below with references . (a) Provide a general overview of Mendel's experiment.  Mendel's experiment was to understand genetic inheritance. When Mendel first began his work with pea plants, the scientific concept of heredity was rooted in the concept of blended inheritance, which held that parental traits were somehow mixed into offspring in the manner of different-colored plants, producing a result that was not quite the mother and not quite the father every time, but that clearly resembled both. Mendel was not interested in the appearance of his pea plants per se. He examined them in order to understand which characteristics could be passed on to future generations and exactly how this occurred at a functional level, even if he didn't have the literal tools to see what was occurring at the molecular level.  Mendel’s experiment consisted of cross breading 2 types of Pisum sativum (peas). The primary purpose of using this pea was due to the ability to self-fertilize and the ease of cross breading. He specifically was concentrated on the cross breeding of seven different features of the peas such as height, flower color, seed color and seed shape. Mendel studied inheritance in peas ( Pisum sativum ). He chose peas because they had been used for similar studies, are easy to grow and can be sown each year. Pea flowers contain both male and female parts, called stamen and stigma, and usually self-pollinate. Self-pollination happens .

1. 1. First watch the video below on Mendelian genetics and
monohybrid crosses.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lsj-Ij53CkA
Also read:
Mendelian Genetics – Introduction to Drosophila and Genetic
This week you are to discuss the experiments conducted by
Mendel and discuss the role of transcription and translation
from the Central Dogma of Biology that connects "genotype" to
"phenotype."
(1) Provide a general overview of Mendel's experiment.
(2) What was the organism that Mendel studied (provide the
genus and species name as well as the common name)?
(3) Why was this organism ideal to study the law of independent
assortment?
(4) List one dominant and one recessive example for a
phenotype that Mendel found and describe the phenotypic ratio
expected to result from crossing two parents heterozygous for
only that trait.
(5) In simple terms discuss gene transcription and translation.
What type of molecule results from translation? How do gene
transcription and translation lead to a specific phenotype? Most
importantly for this question: what does transcription and
translation have to do with the inheritance of Mendelian traits?
2. Why Bees are Disappearing, by Marla Spivac ( watch and
comment

2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dY7iATJVCso
3. (2)
Photosynthesis
– Mr Anderson's lecture ( Watch and comment)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g78utcLQrJ4
4. How important is the protein called
ATP synthase
in this process?
5. Which ingredients are needed for photosynthesis and why?
6.
Respond to the following post below with references
.
(a) Provide a general overview of Mendel's experiment.
Mendel's experiment was to understand genetic inheritance.
When Mendel first began his work with pea plants, the
scientific concept of heredity was rooted in the concept of
blended inheritance, which held that parental traits were
somehow mixed into offspring in the manner of different-
colored plants, producing a result that was not quite the mother
and not quite the father every time, but that clearly resembled
both. Mendel was not interested in the appearance of his pea
plants per se. He examined them in order to understand which
characteristics could be passed on to future generations and
exactly how this occurred at a functional level, even if he didn't
have the literal tools to see what was occurring at the molecular
level.
Mendel’s experiment consisted of cross breading 2 types of
Pisum sativum (peas). The primary purpose of using this pea

3. was due to the ability to self-fertilize and the ease of cross
breading. He specifically was concentrated on the cross
breeding of seven different features of the peas such as height,
flower color, seed color and seed shape.
Mendel studied inheritance in peas (
Pisum sativum
). He chose peas because they had been used for similar studies,
are easy to grow and can be sown each year. Pea flowers
contain both male and female parts, called stamen and stigma,
and usually self-pollinate. Self-pollination happens before the
flowers open, so progeny are produced from a single plant.
Peas can also be cross-pollinated by hand, simply by opening
the flower buds to remove their pollen-producing stamen (and
prevent self-pollination) and dusting pollen from one plant onto
the stigma of another. Mendel crossed pure lines of pea plant.
(2) What was the organism that Mendel studied (provide the
genus and species name as well as the common name)?
Mendel studied
Pisum sativum (peas)
(
3) Why was this organism ideal to study the law of independent
assortment?
Peas were ideal to study the law of independent assortment
because dominant traits appear in the first generation and
recessive traits appear in the second generation. The inheritance
of one trait does not depend on the inheritance of any other
trait.
4). List one dominant and one recessive example for a
phenotype that Mendel found and describe the phenotypic ratio

4. expected to result from crossing two parents heterozygous for
only that trait.
One dominant example for a phenotype that Mendel found is the
purple pea plant's flower which is the parental variety that is
SEEN in F1 progeny or F1 generation, one recessive example
for a phenotype that Mendel found is the white pea plant's
flower which is the parental variety that's HIDDEN or ABSENT
in the F1 progeny. Heterozygous means that there are different
alleles. given that the purple pea plant flower is the dominant
allele (P) and the white pea plant flower is the recessive allele
(p), a heterozygous plant will have Pp alleles. A cross between
two heterozygous parents would result in a phenotypic ratio of 3
dominant : 1 recessive, which means 3 purple pea plant flowers
and 1 white pea plant flower using the Punnett square. In
summary dominant traits, like purple flower color, appeared in
the first-generation hybrids (F1), whereas recessive traits, like
white flower color, were masked. However, recessive traits
reappeared in second-generation (F2) pea plants in a ratio of 3:1
(dominant to recessive).
5) In simple terms discuss gene transcription and translation.
What type of molecule results from translation? How do gene
transcription and translation lead to a specific phenotype?
Most importantly for this question:
what does transcription and translation have to do with the
inheritance of Mendelian traits?
Gene transcription
is the first step in gene expression. It involves copying a gene's
DNA sequence to make an RNA molecule.
Transcription is performed by enzymes called
RNA polymerases

5. , which link nucleotides to form an RNA strand (using a DNA
strand as a template). The goal of transcription is to make a
RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence. Transcription has three
stages: initiation, elongation, and termination.
Gene translation
is the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or
endoplasmic reticulum synthesize proteins after the process
transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell's nucleus
The molecule that results from translation is
protein
--translation produces short sequences of amino acids called
peptides that get stitched together and become proteins.
Gene transcription and translation l
eads to a specific phenotype by which the RNA copies the
genetic sequence of a DNA strand which translates to produce
amino acids. The RNA polymerase enzyme copies gene-encoded
information noting the nature and composition of genes in the
DNA strand. If a dominant gene is copied, this will be carried to
the translation phase and the resulting proteins produced will be
a dominant phenotype. Transcription, and Translation are the
three main processes used by all cells to maintain their genetic
information and to convert the genetic information encoded in
DNA into gene products, which are either RNAs or proteins,
depending on the gene.
In eukaryotic cells, or those cells that have a nucleus,
transcription take place within the nucleus while translation
takes place outside of the nucleus in cytoplasm. In prokaryotic
cells, or those cells that do not have a nucleus, all processes
occur in the cytoplasm.
Respond to the post below with references.

6. B.
Provide a general overview of Mendel's experiment.
Mendel’s experiment consisted of cross breading 2 types of
Pisum sativum (peas). The primary purpose of using this pea
was due to the ability to self-fertilize and the ease of cross
breading. He specifically was concentrated on the cross
breeding of seven different features of the peas such as height,
flower color, seed color and seed shape. (Kahn Academy, n.d)
·
What was the organism that Mendel studied (provide the genus
and species name as well as the common name)?
Mendel carried out his key experiments using the garden pea,
Pisum sativum, as a model system. Pea plants make a
convenient system for studies of inheritance, and they are still
studied by some geneticists today. (Kahn Academy, n.d)
·
Why was this organism ideal to study the law of independent
assortment?
Peas were ideal to study the law of independent assortment
because dominant traits appear in the first generation and
recessive traits appear in the second generation. The inheritance
of one trait does not depend on the inheritance of any other
trait.
·
List one dominant and one recessive example for a phenotype
that Mendel found and describe the phenotypic ratio expected to
result from crossing two parents heterozygous for only that
trait.

7. Tall plants were dominant, and the short plants were recessive.
(Science Learning Hub – Pokapū Akoranga Pūtaiao, 2011) With
the change, he noted three were dominate and one showed the
recessive gene (3:1).
·
In simple terms discuss gene transcription and translation. What
type of molecule results from translation? How do gene
transcription and translation lead to a specific phenotype?
Gene transcription and translation is the process of building and
converting genetic information into proteins. Transcription is
the non-coding strand of DNA acts like a template for the
matching RNA polymerase. Translation is in which the mRNA
directs the protein synthesis.