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The late Middle Ages saw a crisis in Europe as the population declined due to famines and plagues like the Black Death, which killed up to 200 million people across Eurasia from 1347-1353. Political instability increased with popular revolts and civil wars between nobles and kingdoms. Religious upheavals also occurred during this time of demographic collapse and instability.
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The document summarizes the Black Plague (also known as the bubonic plague or Black Death), which was a devastating pandemic plague that affected Europe in the 14th century. It killed an estimated 50-75 million people across Europe between 1328 and 1353. At its peak from 1346 to 1361, the plague killed one-third of the continental European population. Jews were often blamed for intentionally spreading the disease, resulting in pogroms and local extinctions of Jewish communities across Europe. The disease caused swollen and inflamed lymph nodes, as well as fever, chills and delirium in patients.
Timeline of the Middle ages period
The document summarizes several important events from the Middle Ages period:
1) The Treaty of Verdun in 843 AD divided the Carolingian Empire into three kingdoms among the sons of Louis the Pious after his death.
2) Otto I was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 962 AD, establishing the Ottonian Holy Roman Empire of Germany.
3) The Battle of Hastings in 1066 AD was a decisive Norman victory over the English army of King Harold Godwinson, beginning the Norman conquest of England.
4) King John of England agreed to the Magna Carta in 1215 AD, which protected church rights and limited feudal payments to the Crown.
Ch10 Sec2 Black Death
During the Middle Ages in Europe between 1000-1500 CE:
1) Trade revival led to the growth of cities and towns which became centers of manufacturing and commerce.
2) Europe experienced many hardships in the 14th-15th centuries including the Black Death plague, which killed over half the population in some areas, the Hundred Years War between England and France, and decline of the Catholic Church.
3) Advances in farming technology and policies led to increases in food production and a near doubling of Europe's population from 38 to 74 million.
The Black Plague
The Black Death pandemic in the 14th century killed an estimated 30-60% of Europe's population. It originated in China and spread along trade routes, first reaching Europe in Sicily in 1347 through infected ships from Genoa. Symptoms varied but included respiratory issues, swollen lymph nodes, vomiting blood, and dark spots caused by bleeding under the skin. Around 170 million people in Europe and Asia ultimately died from the disease, with major social, economic, and religious impacts.
Medieval Britain
During the period of 1189-1485 in Medieval Britain, the population faced many threats including uprisings, invasions, civil wars, and raids. One of the greatest threats was the Black Death plague which arrived in Britain in 1348 from Asia via trade routes. It is estimated that the plague killed around one-third to one-half of the British population. While devastating, the plague did have some positive impacts by decreasing population size which relatively improved life and increased wealth as there were fewer mouths to feed.
Black death & 100 years war
The Black Death arrived in England in 1348 and quickly spread throughout the country, killing nearly 2.5 million people by 1350. It was later discovered that the plague was caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and was transmitted to humans via the bites of infected fleas living on black rats. The consequences of the plague included depopulation as well as social, economic, and religious upheaval across Europe.
Plague And Hundred Years War
In the mid-1300s, Europe experienced a period of crisis due to famine and plague. A famine from 1315-1317 due to climate changes weakened populations. Then, the Black Death plague arrived in 1347-1351, spread by fleas carrying bacteria. It originated in Genoa, Italy and caused fever, vomiting, and other symptoms. It killed between 25-75 million people, a third of Europe's population.
The Black Plague
The document summarizes the Black Plague that ravaged Europe in the 1300s. It describes the disease and how it followed trade routes to spread from the Black Sea to Sicily and then northward. Within 5 years, over a third of Europe's population was wiped out by the plague. Doctors at the time did not understand the disease and treatments included bloodletting and magic. The plague was blamed on punishment from God, witchcraft, and Jews poisoning wells. It led to widespread persecution, including massacres of Jews. The plague contributed to the decline of feudalism and outcome of the Hundred Years' War between England and France.
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The document summarizes the Black Plague (also known as the bubonic plague or Black Death), which was a devastating pandemic plague that affected Europe in the 14th century. It killed an estimated 50-75 million people across Europe between 1328 and 1353. At its peak from 1346 to 1361, the plague killed one-third of the continental European population. Jews were often blamed for intentionally spreading the disease, resulting in pogroms and local extinctions of Jewish communities across Europe. The disease caused swollen and inflamed lymph nodes, as well as fever, chills and delirium in patients.
Timeline of the Middle ages period
The document summarizes several important events from the Middle Ages period:
1) The Treaty of Verdun in 843 AD divided the Carolingian Empire into three kingdoms among the sons of Louis the Pious after his death.
2) Otto I was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 962 AD, establishing the Ottonian Holy Roman Empire of Germany.
3) The Battle of Hastings in 1066 AD was a decisive Norman victory over the English army of King Harold Godwinson, beginning the Norman conquest of England.
4) King John of England agreed to the Magna Carta in 1215 AD, which protected church rights and limited feudal payments to the Crown.
Ch10 Sec2 Black Death
During the Middle Ages in Europe between 1000-1500 CE:
1) Trade revival led to the growth of cities and towns which became centers of manufacturing and commerce.
2) Europe experienced many hardships in the 14th-15th centuries including the Black Death plague, which killed over half the population in some areas, the Hundred Years War between England and France, and decline of the Catholic Church.
3) Advances in farming technology and policies led to increases in food production and a near doubling of Europe's population from 38 to 74 million.
The Black Plague
The Black Death pandemic in the 14th century killed an estimated 30-60% of Europe's population. It originated in China and spread along trade routes, first reaching Europe in Sicily in 1347 through infected ships from Genoa. Symptoms varied but included respiratory issues, swollen lymph nodes, vomiting blood, and dark spots caused by bleeding under the skin. Around 170 million people in Europe and Asia ultimately died from the disease, with major social, economic, and religious impacts.
Medieval Britain
During the period of 1189-1485 in Medieval Britain, the population faced many threats including uprisings, invasions, civil wars, and raids. One of the greatest threats was the Black Death plague which arrived in Britain in 1348 from Asia via trade routes. It is estimated that the plague killed around one-third to one-half of the British population. While devastating, the plague did have some positive impacts by decreasing population size which relatively improved life and increased wealth as there were fewer mouths to feed.
Black death & 100 years war
The Black Death arrived in England in 1348 and quickly spread throughout the country, killing nearly 2.5 million people by 1350. It was later discovered that the plague was caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and was transmitted to humans via the bites of infected fleas living on black rats. The consequences of the plague included depopulation as well as social, economic, and religious upheaval across Europe.
Plague And Hundred Years War
In the mid-1300s, Europe experienced a period of crisis due to famine and plague. A famine from 1315-1317 due to climate changes weakened populations. Then, the Black Death plague arrived in 1347-1351, spread by fleas carrying bacteria. It originated in Genoa, Italy and caused fever, vomiting, and other symptoms. It killed between 25-75 million people, a third of Europe's population.
The Black Plague
The document summarizes the Black Plague that ravaged Europe in the 1300s. It describes the disease and how it followed trade routes to spread from the Black Sea to Sicily and then northward. Within 5 years, over a third of Europe's population was wiped out by the plague. Doctors at the time did not understand the disease and treatments included bloodletting and magic. The plague was blamed on punishment from God, witchcraft, and Jews poisoning wells. It led to widespread persecution, including massacres of Jews. The plague contributed to the decline of feudalism and outcome of the Hundred Years' War between England and France.
7.10 the black plague
The Black Plague originated in Asia in the 1330s and killed between 40 to 60 million people in China. It spread to Europe in the late 1340s via fleas living on rats that were carried on trade routes. Between 1347 and 1351, the plague killed an estimated 19 to 38 million people in Europe, nearly half the total population. The plague had widespread effects, including people blaming others like Jews for causing it, a rise in workers' rights due to high demand after so much death, and the weakening of the feudal system.
Black Death Pp
The Black Death plague originated in Asia and spread along trade routes to Europe in the 14th century. Carried by rat fleas, it devastated the European population, killing an estimated 25 million people, or 1/4 of the total population. The plague had widespread economic, social, and religious impacts including labor shortages, anti-semitism, a decline in the power of the church, and increased realism in the arts depicting death.
The Black Death
The document summarizes the Black Death plague that hit Europe in the 14th century. It describes how the plague originated in China and was brought to Europe by infected rats on trading ships. Once in Europe, fleas spread the plague by biting both rats and humans. The plague killed over 25 million people in Europe over 5 years, representing around 33% of the population. It caused widespread societal impacts such as labor shortages as people died in large numbers.
PowerPoint: Medieval Life: The Black Death - Bubonic Plague - Black Plague
PowerPoint looks generally at THE BLACK DEATH. It includes links to the History Channel's 18 part series: The Plague. It also includes an Assessment Task for students to complete.
The black death
The Black Death was a devastating pandemic in the 14th century that originated in China and spread along the Silk Road, reaching Europe through merchant ships. It was caused by the Yersinia pestis bacteria, which was carried by Oriental rat fleas living on black rats. Symptoms included swollen buboes, gangrene, and flea bites that caused rashes. It killed 30-60% of Europe's population, severely damaging the economy and social structures. Art and literature were also profoundly impacted by the horrors of the pandemic.
The Black Death
The Black Death, also known as the bubonic plague, killed 25 million people between 1347 and 1352 AD in Europe. Symptoms included headaches, fever, vomiting, and swollen lymph nodes. It spread through trade and armies and was transmitted between people. The plague had widespread effects on European civilization, including increased anti-Semitism, economic problems, social unrest and upheaval in the church. Art and music from this period reflected the grim reality of the plague through works like "The Dance of Death". The plague did not discriminate and killed people from all social classes.
The black death2008
The document discusses the Black Death plague that devastated Europe from 1347 to 1351. It describes the three forms of the disease: bubonic plague, which caused swollen lymph nodes; septicemic plague, which infected the blood; and pneumonic plague, which attacked the lungs. The plague spread through flea bites from infected rats. It made its way from Central Asia to Europe along trade routes, killing an estimated 25-50% of the population. The pandemic had massive economic, social, and religious impacts on medieval society.
The Black Death in the 14th Century
The document discusses the Black Death pandemic that occurred in Europe between 1348-1350. It began in Central Asia and was carried along trade routes, spreading from Italian port cities across Europe. The Black Death was likely caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis carried by fleas on rodents. It resulted in approximately 30 million deaths across Europe and depopulated some villages entirely. The pandemic had major economic and social impacts and was reflected in art and literature of the time.
The black death powerpoint
The document describes the Black Death pandemic that ravaged Europe from 1347 to 1352. It originated in China and Central Asia before spreading to Europe via the trade city of Caffa in 1346 on merchant ships carrying black rats infected with the bacteria. By the time it ended three years later, it had killed an estimated one-third to two-thirds of Europe's population, representing an unprecedented mortality rate in recorded history. The pandemic demonstrated the devastating impact that diseases could have when spread rapidly by trade and travel networks.
The plague worksheet
The Black Death plague originated in Asia and was brought to Europe by Italian merchants in the 14th century. It spread rapidly across Europe within years, helped by infected fleas carried by black rats. The disease caused widespread death, social disruption, and an eventual decline in the population of around one-third of Europe. Traditional medical treatments were ineffective against the plague.
The Black Death
The Black Death was a devastating pandemic that originated in Asia and spread to Europe in the 14th century. It was caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and spread via flea bites from infected rats. The plague arrived in Europe in 1347 and killed an estimated 25 million Europeans in just five years. It arrived via ships carrying infected rats and was transmitted between humans through the air. The pandemic had a major social and economic impact on Europe, destroying entire villages and leaving many areas depopulated due to the high death toll.
World war i
The 1918 flu pandemic, also known as the Spanish Flu, was a severe and deadly influenza pandemic that spread worldwide due to increased global travel during World War I. It killed an estimated 50 million people around the world, more than the 37 million casualties of World War I, making it one of the deadliest pandemics in history as it affected people of all demographics, causing rapid and fatal illnesses.
The challenge of life
A discussion on power of life and the strong interconnection between the various organisms and the socio -economic and cultural existence of society
Novel4
The document discusses factors that led to changes in 20th century novels, including:
1) The First World War, which had major political and social impacts.
2) Advances in science that changed intellectual life and reduced spirituality.
3) Growing doubts about religion as it failed to address problems.
4) Increased industrialization and the problems it brought to society.
5) Increased democracy and questioning of established authorities. Examples of famous 20th century writers and some of their important works are also mentioned.
The Black Death
The Black Death arrived in Europe in 1347 from Central Asia, carried by fleas on black rats. Over the next three years, it killed an estimated 25-50 million people across Europe, anywhere from one-third to one-half of the total population. Transmitted through flea bites and respiratory droplets, the plague's symptoms included fever, chills, vomiting and the appearance of swollen and infected lymph nodes. While it left devastating social, economic and political impacts, some areas fared better through early quarantines and isolation practices. The Black Death remained a threat in Europe for centuries and still occurs sporadically today.
Black Plague
The Black Death ravaged Europe in the 1300s, following trade routes from the Black Sea to Sicily and northward, wiping out over a third of Europe's population in just five years. Medicine at the time was ignorant of germ theory and lacked technology, so doctors practiced ineffective treatments like bloodletting while people searched for supernatural causes of the plague like witchcraft and God's punishment. The plague had profound social and political effects, contributing to the decline of feudalism as survivors fled to cities and demanding payment from landowners, and potentially influencing the outcome of the Hundred Years' War between England and France.
Black Plague
The Black Death was a devastating pandemic that spread throughout Europe between 1347-1351, killing an estimated 40-60% of the European population. It originated in China in 1333 and spread along trade routes, arriving in Europe through infected merchant ships landing in Italy in 1347. The disease was caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium, which was carried by fleas on rats. It caused severe symptoms and death often occurred within a week of infection. The pandemic had profound social and economic impacts on medieval Europe, increasing social mobility as labor shortages empowered peasants.
Lecture blackdeath mine
The Black Death plague epidemic began in Asia in the 1330s and spread to Europe, carried by fleas on diseased rats that bit and infected humans. It ultimately killed between 25-50% of Europe's population over several years. Medical knowledge limited its effects in Asia but it was more devastating in Europe, where there was no explanation, cure, or end in sight. The plague's immense death toll significantly impacted society, religion, the economy, and marked the end of the medieval period in Europe.
well known epedimics
The document discusses several deadly diseases throughout history including:
- Polio, which spread through contaminated food/water and peaked in the US in 1952 before a vaccine was developed.
- Typhus, which spread in crowded cities from 1600-1800s and killed over 10 million during the Thirty Years War.
- AIDS, which has killed over 25 million since the 1980s and has no cure.
- Malaria, which has infected humans for nearly 4,000 years and still impacts sub-Saharan Africa.
- Cholera, which spreads through water/food and still causes outbreaks with 120,000 deaths annually.
Bubonic plague
The Bubonic Plague, also known as the Black Death, originated in China in 1330 and arrived in Europe in 1347 via trade routes. It spread rapidly across Europe, killing an estimated 25 million people by 1351. Common symptoms included swollen and blackened lymph nodes, fevers, chills and coughing. The disease was spread by fleas that lived on infected rats. Children, the elderly and poor were most vulnerable. The lyrics of the nursery rhyme "Ring Around the Rosy" refer to symptoms of the plague. Public health systems help control occasional modern cases of the disease.
Black Death Essay
Black Death Essay
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The Black Death Essay
Black death
The Black Death was a devastating pandemic in the 14th century that killed an estimated 75 million people across Europe, Asia, and Africa. Caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium, it spread via fleas on rodents and was highly contagious. Whole communities were wiped out as many died within days of symptoms appearing. The social, economic, and religious impacts were immense and long-lasting, including a shortage of laborers, increased wages, questioning of religious authorities, and scapegoating of Jewish populations. The pandemic had profound and permanent effects on global demographics and society.
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7.10 the black plague
The Black Plague originated in Asia in the 1330s and killed between 40 to 60 million people in China. It spread to Europe in the late 1340s via fleas living on rats that were carried on trade routes. Between 1347 and 1351, the plague killed an estimated 19 to 38 million people in Europe, nearly half the total population. The plague had widespread effects, including people blaming others like Jews for causing it, a rise in workers' rights due to high demand after so much death, and the weakening of the feudal system.
Black Death Pp
The Black Death plague originated in Asia and spread along trade routes to Europe in the 14th century. Carried by rat fleas, it devastated the European population, killing an estimated 25 million people, or 1/4 of the total population. The plague had widespread economic, social, and religious impacts including labor shortages, anti-semitism, a decline in the power of the church, and increased realism in the arts depicting death.
The Black Death
The document summarizes the Black Death plague that hit Europe in the 14th century. It describes how the plague originated in China and was brought to Europe by infected rats on trading ships. Once in Europe, fleas spread the plague by biting both rats and humans. The plague killed over 25 million people in Europe over 5 years, representing around 33% of the population. It caused widespread societal impacts such as labor shortages as people died in large numbers.
PowerPoint: Medieval Life: The Black Death - Bubonic Plague - Black Plague
PowerPoint looks generally at THE BLACK DEATH. It includes links to the History Channel's 18 part series: The Plague. It also includes an Assessment Task for students to complete.
The black death
The Black Death was a devastating pandemic in the 14th century that originated in China and spread along the Silk Road, reaching Europe through merchant ships. It was caused by the Yersinia pestis bacteria, which was carried by Oriental rat fleas living on black rats. Symptoms included swollen buboes, gangrene, and flea bites that caused rashes. It killed 30-60% of Europe's population, severely damaging the economy and social structures. Art and literature were also profoundly impacted by the horrors of the pandemic.
The Black Death
The Black Death, also known as the bubonic plague, killed 25 million people between 1347 and 1352 AD in Europe. Symptoms included headaches, fever, vomiting, and swollen lymph nodes. It spread through trade and armies and was transmitted between people. The plague had widespread effects on European civilization, including increased anti-Semitism, economic problems, social unrest and upheaval in the church. Art and music from this period reflected the grim reality of the plague through works like "The Dance of Death". The plague did not discriminate and killed people from all social classes.
The black death2008
The document discusses the Black Death plague that devastated Europe from 1347 to 1351. It describes the three forms of the disease: bubonic plague, which caused swollen lymph nodes; septicemic plague, which infected the blood; and pneumonic plague, which attacked the lungs. The plague spread through flea bites from infected rats. It made its way from Central Asia to Europe along trade routes, killing an estimated 25-50% of the population. The pandemic had massive economic, social, and religious impacts on medieval society.
The Black Death in the 14th Century
The document discusses the Black Death pandemic that occurred in Europe between 1348-1350. It began in Central Asia and was carried along trade routes, spreading from Italian port cities across Europe. The Black Death was likely caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis carried by fleas on rodents. It resulted in approximately 30 million deaths across Europe and depopulated some villages entirely. The pandemic had major economic and social impacts and was reflected in art and literature of the time.
The black death powerpoint
The document describes the Black Death pandemic that ravaged Europe from 1347 to 1352. It originated in China and Central Asia before spreading to Europe via the trade city of Caffa in 1346 on merchant ships carrying black rats infected with the bacteria. By the time it ended three years later, it had killed an estimated one-third to two-thirds of Europe's population, representing an unprecedented mortality rate in recorded history. The pandemic demonstrated the devastating impact that diseases could have when spread rapidly by trade and travel networks.
The plague worksheet
The Black Death plague originated in Asia and was brought to Europe by Italian merchants in the 14th century. It spread rapidly across Europe within years, helped by infected fleas carried by black rats. The disease caused widespread death, social disruption, and an eventual decline in the population of around one-third of Europe. Traditional medical treatments were ineffective against the plague.
The Black Death
The Black Death was a devastating pandemic that originated in Asia and spread to Europe in the 14th century. It was caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and spread via flea bites from infected rats. The plague arrived in Europe in 1347 and killed an estimated 25 million Europeans in just five years. It arrived via ships carrying infected rats and was transmitted between humans through the air. The pandemic had a major social and economic impact on Europe, destroying entire villages and leaving many areas depopulated due to the high death toll.
World war i
The 1918 flu pandemic, also known as the Spanish Flu, was a severe and deadly influenza pandemic that spread worldwide due to increased global travel during World War I. It killed an estimated 50 million people around the world, more than the 37 million casualties of World War I, making it one of the deadliest pandemics in history as it affected people of all demographics, causing rapid and fatal illnesses.
The challenge of life
A discussion on power of life and the strong interconnection between the various organisms and the socio -economic and cultural existence of society
Novel4
The document discusses factors that led to changes in 20th century novels, including:
1) The First World War, which had major political and social impacts.
2) Advances in science that changed intellectual life and reduced spirituality.
3) Growing doubts about religion as it failed to address problems.
4) Increased industrialization and the problems it brought to society.
5) Increased democracy and questioning of established authorities. Examples of famous 20th century writers and some of their important works are also mentioned.
The Black Death
The Black Death arrived in Europe in 1347 from Central Asia, carried by fleas on black rats. Over the next three years, it killed an estimated 25-50 million people across Europe, anywhere from one-third to one-half of the total population. Transmitted through flea bites and respiratory droplets, the plague's symptoms included fever, chills, vomiting and the appearance of swollen and infected lymph nodes. While it left devastating social, economic and political impacts, some areas fared better through early quarantines and isolation practices. The Black Death remained a threat in Europe for centuries and still occurs sporadically today.
Black Plague
The Black Death ravaged Europe in the 1300s, following trade routes from the Black Sea to Sicily and northward, wiping out over a third of Europe's population in just five years. Medicine at the time was ignorant of germ theory and lacked technology, so doctors practiced ineffective treatments like bloodletting while people searched for supernatural causes of the plague like witchcraft and God's punishment. The plague had profound social and political effects, contributing to the decline of feudalism as survivors fled to cities and demanding payment from landowners, and potentially influencing the outcome of the Hundred Years' War between England and France.
Black Plague
The Black Death was a devastating pandemic that spread throughout Europe between 1347-1351, killing an estimated 40-60% of the European population. It originated in China in 1333 and spread along trade routes, arriving in Europe through infected merchant ships landing in Italy in 1347. The disease was caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium, which was carried by fleas on rats. It caused severe symptoms and death often occurred within a week of infection. The pandemic had profound social and economic impacts on medieval Europe, increasing social mobility as labor shortages empowered peasants.
Lecture blackdeath mine
The Black Death plague epidemic began in Asia in the 1330s and spread to Europe, carried by fleas on diseased rats that bit and infected humans. It ultimately killed between 25-50% of Europe's population over several years. Medical knowledge limited its effects in Asia but it was more devastating in Europe, where there was no explanation, cure, or end in sight. The plague's immense death toll significantly impacted society, religion, the economy, and marked the end of the medieval period in Europe.
well known epedimics
The document discusses several deadly diseases throughout history including:
- Polio, which spread through contaminated food/water and peaked in the US in 1952 before a vaccine was developed.
- Typhus, which spread in crowded cities from 1600-1800s and killed over 10 million during the Thirty Years War.
- AIDS, which has killed over 25 million since the 1980s and has no cure.
- Malaria, which has infected humans for nearly 4,000 years and still impacts sub-Saharan Africa.
- Cholera, which spreads through water/food and still causes outbreaks with 120,000 deaths annually.
Bubonic plague
The Bubonic Plague, also known as the Black Death, originated in China in 1330 and arrived in Europe in 1347 via trade routes. It spread rapidly across Europe, killing an estimated 25 million people by 1351. Common symptoms included swollen and blackened lymph nodes, fevers, chills and coughing. The disease was spread by fleas that lived on infected rats. Children, the elderly and poor were most vulnerable. The lyrics of the nursery rhyme "Ring Around the Rosy" refer to symptoms of the plague. Public health systems help control occasional modern cases of the disease.
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PowerPoint: Medieval Life: The Black Death - Bubonic Plague - Black Plague
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The Black Death was a devastating pandemic in the 14th century that killed an estimated 75 million people across Europe, Asia, and Africa. Caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium, it spread via fleas on rodents and was highly contagious. Whole communities were wiped out as many died within days of symptoms appearing. The social, economic, and religious impacts were immense and long-lasting, including a shortage of laborers, increased wages, questioning of religious authorities, and scapegoating of Jewish populations. The pandemic had profound and permanent effects on global demographics and society.
BLACK DEATH FINAL--- version-4
The document summarizes the impact of the Black Death plague on Europe between 1347-1350. It devastated the population, with mortality rates ranging from 30-60% in different areas. This caused widespread social and economic changes. The plague was likely caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium spread by fleas on rats. It led to antisemitic accusations that Jews had poisoned wells. Many Jewish communities were attacked, with some massacred or burned alive. The plague underscored existing religious tensions and scapegoating of marginalized groups. Overall it marked a period of immense hardship and loss of life that transformed medieval European society.
R. Villano-PLAGUE IN ITALY-Historical epidemiological Italian notes
13. R. Villano “ Prophylactic and therapeutic aspects against the plague in some States of Italy from XIV to the XVII century ”, Starting from a historical chronology, pathological, epidemiological, demographic, sociological and literary plague , we describe the environmental and operating conditions of doctors and pharmacists , examining the protocols of prophylaxis and make a reconnaissance of the main drugs used for prevention and treatment , coming to examine in detail some of the most important works in this subject and date (XVII century ) compared to the epidemic periods considered, the pre-eminent precepts clinical treatment protocols, dietary prescriptions , the composition of medicines and the most important processes for their preparation, setting the stage for various lines of comparative analysis. Integral communication of Raimondo Villano in Parallel Session II (Chairmains: A. Iwona / S. Anagnostou) of 41 International Congres for the History of Pharmacy (10/15 september by: International Society for the History of Pharmacy, Societé Francaise d’Histoire de la Pharmacie; Acadèmie Internationale d’Histoire de la Pharmacie), in the Bilski Pasquer Lecture Hall, with 79 authors of the 31 Pays et students of the over 50 Nations (Paris, Paris-Sorbonne UFR University, Medicine Faculty Pierre and Marie Curie, Les Cordeliers, september 11, 2013) - Chiron, CDD 945 VIL asp 2014 en, LCC R131-687, pp. 72, Rome, February 2014;
We live in time of humanitarian catastrophes
Historically, all the wars that have taken place throughout the history of mankind shows that one of its consequences is the emergence of refugees from conflict areas such as occurred during the Second World War in Europe. The recent wave of refugees has as Western powers most responsible led by the United States that occupied and disrupted Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya, in addition to the attempted military intervention in Syria, among other countries. This makes it becomes imperative the end of disorder, of chaos that has characterized international relations throughout history.
Urges the creation of a new world order to be able to prevent wars and international conflicts which result in major humanitarian crises such as those that occur at this time.
THE EUROPEAN REGION
The document provides an overview of major developments in European civilization from the Renaissance period to the creation of the European Union. It covers 10 topics: the Renaissance, Colonialism and Imperialism, the Reformation, the Enlightenment, the French Revolution, World War I, World War II, the Cold War, and the creation of the European Union. For each topic it provides a brief description of 1-2 sentences. It also includes discussion questions and quotes related to the topics.
black-death-of-europe.ppt
The Black Death pandemic of 1347-1351 killed approximately 25-50% of Europe's population. It originated in Asia and spread along trade routes, carried by flea-infested rats. Symptoms included fever, joint pain, swollen lymph nodes, and dark skin blotches. It caused massive economic and social disruption in Europe and some groups like the Flagellants resorted to extreme measures in response. Peasant revolts broke out after the pandemic as laborers demanded better conditions and wages.
Black death
The Black Death was a devastating pandemic that struck Europe between 1347-1351, killing around 30-50% of Europe's population. It was likely caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium carried by fleas on rodents. The disease spread from Central Asia along trade routes to Europe, arriving first in Sicily in 1347 and spreading across the continent in the following years. Symptoms included fever and formation of buboes or tumors. The massive death toll had profound social and economic impacts, including a breakdown of the feudal system and peasants gaining more freedom and bargaining power.
Untitled_(3).pdf
The document provides information about several topics related to European history between the 14th-18th centuries, including the Black Death, the Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation, the Scientific Revolution, and the Enlightenment. It tests knowledge through multiple choice questions about events, people, developments, and differences between groups and time periods. The questions cover a wide range of subjects across several centuries of European history.
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R. Villano-PLAGUE IN ITALY-Historical epidemiological Italian notes
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Gothic art developed in Western Europe from the 12th-16th centuries, characterized by religious themes and dynamism. Gothic style began in France and spread to other countries over time. Examples of Gothic cathedrals include Notre Dame in Paris and Spanish cathedrals like León, with its stained glass windows, and Burgos, following French Gothic patterns. Spanish Gothic also saw a proto-Gothic phase blending Romanesque and Gothic forms before the great cathedrals of the 13th century.
5
The document summarizes the Christian kingdoms that emerged in the Iberian Peninsula following the Reconquista. It discusses the Kingdoms of Castilla and León, the eastern kingdoms of Aragón, Navarra, and the Crown of Aragón. It also summarizes the Kingdom of Portugal which became independent from León in the 12th century and expanded southward until becoming a republic in 1910 after almost 800 years of monarchy.
4
El Cid Campeador was a legendary military leader during the Christian reconquest of Spain in the 11th century. He was born Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar in a small village in Burgos, Spain and came from a noble family. As a general under King Alfonso VI of León, El Cid conquered significant Muslim territories in what is now Valencia, Castellón, Alicante, and Murcia, though he also fought against some Christian kingdoms. After his death, his lands were retaken by the Muslims before ultimately being recovered by the Crown of Aragon. To this day, there is debate around what parts of El Cid's story are historical fact versus legend.
3
Jaime I, King of Aragon, conquered the Balearic Islands from 1229-1235 with the help of Catalan merchants and Templar Knights. The Templars had tutored Jaime as a boy and helped him during the conquest. As a reward, Jaime donated land and resources on Mallorca to the Templar Order. The Templars established an influential presence on the islands until the entire Order was abolished in 1314, when the last Grand Master was burned at the stake.
2
The document discusses four religious-military orders in Spain:
1) The Order of Calatrava, founded in 1158 to defend Christianity against Islam from their fortress in Calatrava. They grew in power and wealth over centuries until being annexed by the Crown.
2) The Order of Santiago was the most prestigious and elitist order, granting nobility, and leaving their mark through important buildings. Founded in the 12th century to support the Reconquest.
3) The Order of Alcántara played a large role in defending the border of the Kingdom of León in Extremadura against Islam from the 10th century.
4) The Order of Montesa was
1
The document discusses the major military orders that originated in Spain during the Reconquest from the Moors. The most important orders were the Orders of Santiago, Calatrava, and Alcantara. The Order of Santiago was founded in 1170 and played a major role in the Reconquest and repopulation of regions. The Order of Calatrava was founded in 1157 to defend the fortress of Calatrava. It grew rapidly in power and territory. The Order of Alcantara emerged in the 12th century to fight the Almohad threat and was mainly located in Extremadura. With the completion of the Reconquest, the Catholic Monarchs sought to gain control over the extensive lands owned by the
3
El documento describe cuatro lugares importantes en Oviedo: la Catedral de Oviedo y su Cámara Santa, el Estadio Carlos Tartiere con su campo de fútbol, banda de gaitas y palco de honor, la estatua de Mafalda y su hermano, y el Palacio de los Deportes.
2
El documento presenta una guía sobre la ciudad de Oviedo en España. Brevemente describe que Oviedo es la capital de la región de Asturias con unos 200,000 habitantes y un casco antiguo medieval, y destaca varios monumentos, sitios para visitar, calles, patrimonio histórico y estatuas importantes, así como los mejores restaurantes.
1
El documento habla sobre el patrimonio cultural y el claustro. Brevemente describe algunos aspectos importantes del patrimonio cultural y la función del claustro para preservar y difundir la cultura.
7
The document discusses military orders during the Crusades. Military orders were religious organizations led by the Pope that were sent to areas near Jerusalem or the Iberian Peninsula to conquer territories for Christianity. They played an important role as elite troops in the Crusader armies and also administered conquered lands like the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The Pope had close relationships with the leaders of these orders and used them to help organize the Crusades, governing captured lands either directly or indirectly through the orders.
6
Guilds were partnerships formed during the Low Middle Ages between master craftsmen, journeymen, and apprentices of the same trade. They controlled supply and prices, ensured prosperity and security for members, regulated work activity and training, established a strict hierarchy, and protected members from misfortune. Throughout the 18th century, guilds, which were already weakened institutions of feudal character, disappeared as they were replaced by private initiative and free industry and commerce of capitalism.
4
The Inquisition was established in the Middle Ages by the Roman Catholic Church to investigate and punish crimes against faith, free thinking, and heresy. Suspects were prosecuted without knowing who denounced them and could face punishments ranging from imprisonment to death by burning at the stake. Many scientists and women accused of witchcraft faced persecution. The Spanish Inquisition grew particularly powerful during the 15th century, using its influence to persecute Jews and Muslims for political and economic gain under infamous inquisitors like Tomás de Torquemada.
5
This document summarizes 10 medieval inventions that changed the world: 1) the mechanical clock, which allowed for accurate time measurement and changed work schedules; 2) the printing press, which enabled mass book production; 3) gunpowder, which revolutionized warfare; 4) water and wind mills, which harnessed natural energy; 5) banknotes, a precursor to modern paper currency; 6) cafes, which became popular social spaces; and 7) glasses, which corrected vision problems. Overall, while the Middle Ages had difficulties, it was also a period of important inventions that helped advance humanity.
3
Gothic art developed between the 12th and 15th centuries and was characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses that allowed for taller buildings with large windows. Gothic cathedrals featured cruciform plans with multiple naves and chapels and competed to be the largest and most impressive buildings. Stained glass windows protected the interior from the cold while filling cathedrals with colorful light symbolizing divine illumination.
2
This document summarizes the key characteristics and construction elements of Gothic architecture. It describes common building materials like stone and stained glass and defining features such as pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses. It also provides examples of major Gothic cathedrals across Europe, including Notre Dame Cathedral and prominent cathedrals found in Spain and the region of Asturias.
1
Stained glass was an important artistic technique used in Gothic cathedrals between the 1100s-1500s. It allowed light to illuminate the naves with transformed, sacred light. Stained glass windows symbolized the relationship between light and the divine. They were made by cutting colored glass, leading it into designs, and firing the pieces. The Cathedral of Leon has one of the largest and most complete collections of medieval stained glass windows in the world, with over 737 windows total divided between its rosettes, high windows, and windows at the head and feet.
5
The Christmas Truce of 1914 was an unofficial ceasefire between British and German troops that occurred along portions of the Western Front around Christmas. Soldiers sang Christmas carols to each other across the trenches, then emerged to exchange gifts and food. They mingled in no man's land, buried their dead together, and even played a friendly football match. However, the truce only lasted for one day and the soldiers returned to fighting the next, as their commanders disapproved of the fraternization between enemies.
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Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
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Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
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1
- 2. The crisis of the late Middle Ages refers to a series of events in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries that led centuries of European prosperity and growth to a halt. Three major crisis led to radical changes in all areas of society: demographic collapse, political instabilities and religious upheavals.
- 3. A series of famines and plagues, beginning with the Great Famine and especially the Black Death of 1348, reduced the population.
- 4. Popular revolts in the late Middle Ages in Europe and civil wars between nobles (With France fighting internally nine times). There were international conflicts between kingdoms such as France and England in the Hundred Year War [1337-1453].
- 5. The Black Death was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia. In agreement with the current knowledge, the pandemic started in Asia, and later came to Europe, across the commercial routes.
- 6. La Peste Negra era una de pandemias más devastadoras en la historia humana, causando las muertes de aproximadamente 75 a 200 millones de personas en Eurasia y alcanzando su punto máximo en Europa en los años 1346-1353. De acuerdo con el conocimiento actual, la pandemia irrumpió en primer lugar en Asia, para después llegar a Europa, a través de las rutas comerciales. Introducida marinos, la epidemia dio comienzo en Mesina. Mientras que algunas áreas quedaron despobladas, otras estuvieron libres de la enfermedad o solo fueron ligeramente afectadas.