This document discusses the privatization of higher education in India. It notes that privatization began in the 1990s when the government approved private institutions to offer higher education. This has increased access to higher education for more students, including those from poor families. However, privatization also has drawbacks. Private institutions often lack adequate infrastructure and charge high fees. Professors also receive low salaries. While privatization has increased access, proper regulation is needed to ensure quality and affordability of private higher education.
Paper presentation made by Maddali Laxmi Swetha, MBA (HR)
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Thank You
The present paper seeks to explain the issues plaguing higher education in India against the backdrop of globalization and resultant demand for higher standard of quality education. While the demand for higher education has been growing, system has rendered itself as ill-equipped to meet the needs of different strata of society. To government, higher education receives a low priority. Short term measures such as hikes in course fee, appointing part time teachers, introducing paid and market oriented courses are being adopted by the government that in the long run defeat the very social objectives of higher education. In the era of globalization, states are more competitive and even more interdependent. Even the future of state is more dependent on the creation of new knowledge to suit its people in the discharge of their duties in administration, business and in all other areas. This possible if right to higher education is recognized as one of the individual and higher embraces the principle of equality
This presentation was part of a special panel organized by the CSAMES & International Program at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign including Indian Consul General Mukta D.Tomar; Prof. P.R. Kumar, Electrical and Computer Engineering ; Prof. Madhu Viswanathan, Business Administration; Mousumi Mukherjee, Doctoral student in the Department of Educational Policy Studies http://illinois.edu/calendar/Calendar?ACTION=VIEW_EVENT&calId=779&eventId=196292
Indian higher education system, growth and regulatory bodies, Governance and role of Vice chancellors, Autonomy, University industry linkage,problems and lacunae of Indian Higher education .
Paper presentation made by Maddali Laxmi Swetha, MBA (HR)
Maddali Swetha Blog - http://maddaliswetha.blogspot.com/ https://in.linkedin.com/in/maddali-swetha-a0a424a6
https://twitter.com/maddali_swetha
E-Mail ID: maddali_swetha@yahoo.com
Thank You
The present paper seeks to explain the issues plaguing higher education in India against the backdrop of globalization and resultant demand for higher standard of quality education. While the demand for higher education has been growing, system has rendered itself as ill-equipped to meet the needs of different strata of society. To government, higher education receives a low priority. Short term measures such as hikes in course fee, appointing part time teachers, introducing paid and market oriented courses are being adopted by the government that in the long run defeat the very social objectives of higher education. In the era of globalization, states are more competitive and even more interdependent. Even the future of state is more dependent on the creation of new knowledge to suit its people in the discharge of their duties in administration, business and in all other areas. This possible if right to higher education is recognized as one of the individual and higher embraces the principle of equality
This presentation was part of a special panel organized by the CSAMES & International Program at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign including Indian Consul General Mukta D.Tomar; Prof. P.R. Kumar, Electrical and Computer Engineering ; Prof. Madhu Viswanathan, Business Administration; Mousumi Mukherjee, Doctoral student in the Department of Educational Policy Studies http://illinois.edu/calendar/Calendar?ACTION=VIEW_EVENT&calId=779&eventId=196292
Indian higher education system, growth and regulatory bodies, Governance and role of Vice chancellors, Autonomy, University industry linkage,problems and lacunae of Indian Higher education .
Education remains the greatest tool for the development of any nation, no matters how well-outlined goals of education were, there would be no impact without the necessary support from the government. The past and present governments came as a result of the efforts of education, but it had not given education the necessary support to enhance democratic stability. The education policy of Nigeria was a great effort on the part of the formulators but the reality on ground did not match the policy on paper. No nation can hope to develop without sound education. This paper therefore examined the problems of education, so as to ensure quality education for sustainable democracy in Nigeria.
This study seeks to examine how polytechnic education in Nigeria can develop middle level skilled manpower to enhance sustainable development. Education as an effective, dynamic instrument for moulding and harnessing the human person its capabilities, and also for structuring a better society, has been recognized the world over. Therefore, the study aims to support and encourage the activities of Nigerian polytechnics in training middle level skilled manpower for sustainable development. The study was a qualitative study, content analysis was adopted to analyze the various data gathered from the secondary source of data collection. The findings of the study revealed the challenges of the polytechnic education, which include among others, constraints imposed by the statute establishing polytechnics in Nigeria; efforts so far made in manpower generation and solution to the challenges established above. As parts of the solution to the challenges, the study recommended inter alia promotion of aggressive research development, as well as entrepreneurship activities, through intra and inter-institutional competitions and irresistible awards. This paper was unexhaustive contribution of original information from the secondary sources on this topic. It is unique, original and valuable research for academic and societal improvement. Future study on this issue should focus on required skills in the industries which polytechnics should develop. Empirical analysis on middle level manpower development by the Nigerian polytechnics can reveal skills training areas. The study was opinion research paper
Indian Higher Education System(SWOT analysis)Naveen Yakkundi
SWOT analysis on higher education system in India.Basically,it includes strength,weakness,opportunity and threats faced by Indian Higher Education System.
It also involves one example of threat i.e IIPM fraud.For more information about higher education system ,look into the sources in last slide .
Tvet as a method of facilitating poverty alleviation in third world nations w...Sagir Iliyasu
TVET is a key solution to poverty eradication,job creation,economic expansion, reducing unemployment and improve social and economic well-being of a nation.
Education remains the greatest tool for the development of any nation, no matters how well-outlined goals of education were, there would be no impact without the necessary support from the government. The past and present governments came as a result of the efforts of education, but it had not given education the necessary support to enhance democratic stability. The education policy of Nigeria was a great effort on the part of the formulators but the reality on ground did not match the policy on paper. No nation can hope to develop without sound education. This paper therefore examined the problems of education, so as to ensure quality education for sustainable democracy in Nigeria.
This study seeks to examine how polytechnic education in Nigeria can develop middle level skilled manpower to enhance sustainable development. Education as an effective, dynamic instrument for moulding and harnessing the human person its capabilities, and also for structuring a better society, has been recognized the world over. Therefore, the study aims to support and encourage the activities of Nigerian polytechnics in training middle level skilled manpower for sustainable development. The study was a qualitative study, content analysis was adopted to analyze the various data gathered from the secondary source of data collection. The findings of the study revealed the challenges of the polytechnic education, which include among others, constraints imposed by the statute establishing polytechnics in Nigeria; efforts so far made in manpower generation and solution to the challenges established above. As parts of the solution to the challenges, the study recommended inter alia promotion of aggressive research development, as well as entrepreneurship activities, through intra and inter-institutional competitions and irresistible awards. This paper was unexhaustive contribution of original information from the secondary sources on this topic. It is unique, original and valuable research for academic and societal improvement. Future study on this issue should focus on required skills in the industries which polytechnics should develop. Empirical analysis on middle level manpower development by the Nigerian polytechnics can reveal skills training areas. The study was opinion research paper
Indian Higher Education System(SWOT analysis)Naveen Yakkundi
SWOT analysis on higher education system in India.Basically,it includes strength,weakness,opportunity and threats faced by Indian Higher Education System.
It also involves one example of threat i.e IIPM fraud.For more information about higher education system ,look into the sources in last slide .
Tvet as a method of facilitating poverty alleviation in third world nations w...Sagir Iliyasu
TVET is a key solution to poverty eradication,job creation,economic expansion, reducing unemployment and improve social and economic well-being of a nation.
This study analyzes Indonesian and Malaysian universities in order to evaluate the reality of higher education in both countries, uncover the dynamics and causes influencing higher education, and disclose the similarities and contrasts between the Indonesian and Malaysian systems. Birdy's comparative descriptive method was used. This research relies on trustworthy global rating websites, statistics from the Indonesian and Malaysian Ministries of Higher Education, high-quality publications, and authoritative news. Indonesian higher education is largely entirely supported by the government and tuition fees at private universities. Due to a lack of collaboration between universities and industry groups, Indonesian higher education lacks a connection between scientific research, technical education, and the job market. Unlike Malaysia, it stresses scientific research, community service, and labor market demands. The researchers hypothesized the following processes based on the comparator countries: Adopting a productive university focused on output application via instruction and advice. Community-government and private-sector connections using research to enhance firm products collaboration with a firm or group to provide services that benefit them in exchange for participation in higher education goals, payment of expenditures, and use of outcomes. Through cooperative education, businesses and institutions may train and prepare university students for the job market.
Writekraft Research and Publications LLP was initially formed, informally, in 2006 by a group of scholars to help fellow students. Gradually, with several dissertations, thesis and assignments receiving acclaim and a good grade, Writekraft was officially founded in 2011 Since its establishment, Writekraft Research & Publications LLP is Guiding and Mentoring PhD Scholars.
Our Mission:
To provide breakthrough research works to our clients through Perseverant efforts towards creativity and innovation”.
Vision:
Writekraft endeavours to be the leading global research and publications company that will fulfil all research needs of our clients. We will achieve this vision through:
Analyzing every customer's aims, objectives and purpose of research
Using advanced and latest tools and technique of research and analysis
Coordinating and including their own ideas and knowledge
Providing the desired inferences and results of the research
In the past decade, we have successfully assisted students from various universities in India and globally. We at Writekraft Research & Publications LLP head office in Kanpur, India are most trusted and professional Research, Writing, Guidance and Publication Service Provider for PhD. Our services meet all your PhD Admissions, Thesis Preparation and Research Paper Publication needs with highest regards for the quality you prefer.
Our Achievements:
NATIONAL AWARD FOR BEST RESEARCH PROJECT (By Hon. President APJ Abdul Kalam)
GOLD MEDAL FOR RESEARCH ON DISABILITY (By Disabled’s Club of India)
NOMINATED FOR BEST MSME AWARDS 2017
5 STAR RATING ON GOOGLE
We have PhD experts from reputed institutions/ organizations like Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indian Institute of Management (IIM) and many more apex education institutions in India. Our works are tailored and drafted as per your requirements and are totally unique.
From past years our core advisory members, research team assisted research scholars from various universities from all corners of world.
Subjects/Areas We Cover:
Management, Commerce, Finance, Marketing, Psychology, Education, Sociology, Mass communications, English Literature, English Language, Law, History, Computer Science & Engineering, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Pharmacy & Healthcare.
Writekraft Research and Publications LLP was initially formed, informally, in 2006 by a group of scholars to help fellow students. Gradually, with several dissertations, thesis and assignments receiving acclaim and a good grade, Writekraft was officially founded in 2011 Since its establishment, Writekraft Research & Publications LLP is Guiding and Mentoring PhD Scholars.
Our Mission:
To provide breakthrough research works to our clients through Perseverant efforts towards creativity and innovation”.
Vision:
Writekraft endeavours to be the leading global research and publications company that will fulfil all research needs of our clients. We will achieve this vision through:
Analyzing every customer's aims, objectives and purpose of research
Using advanced and latest tools and technique of research and analysis
Coordinating and including their own ideas and knowledge
Providing the desired inferences and results of the research
In the past decade, we have successfully assisted students from various universities in India and globally. We at Writekraft Research & Publications LLP head office in Kanpur, India are most trusted and professional Research, Writing, Guidance and Publication Service Provider for PhD. Our services meet all your PhD Admissions, Thesis Preparation and Research Paper Publication needs with highest regards for the quality you prefer.
Our Achievements:
NATIONAL AWARD FOR BEST RESEARCH PROJECT (By Hon. President APJ Abdul Kalam)
GOLD MEDAL FOR RESEARCH ON DISABILITY (By Disabled’s Club of India)
NOMINATED FOR BEST MSME AWARDS 2017
5 STAR RATING ON GOOGLE
We have PhD experts from reputed institutions/ organizations like Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indian Institute of Management (IIM) and many more apex education institutions in India. Our works are tailored and drafted as per your requirements and are totally unique.
From past years our core advisory members, research team assisted research scholars from various universities from all corners of world.
Subjects/Areas We Cover:
Management, Commerce, Finance, Marketing, Psychology, Education, Sociology, Mass communications, English Literature, English Language, Law, History, Computer Science & Engineering, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Pharmacy & Healthcare.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
E governance in indian universities- a conceptual framework. updatedVijay Bhaskar
The insight, of university administration and systems in India, is considered the most common issue for all the stakeholders engaged in higher education. Given the economic development, accelerated by the expanding base of higher education may lead to the reduction of other kinds of disparities- social, regional, and political, and its contribution in stabilizing our civil society at this juncture of volatility cannot be underestimated which in turn may help the process of speedy national development. On the one hand universities are finding it difficult to promote administrative efficiency, and on the other hand the higher education programmes are becoming unaffordable to many students. It is evident that the situation in various higher education institutions differ, mainly because of the different rules, administrative complexities and academic culture. There are many reasons why higher education institutions like Universities are finding it difficult to bring in transparency, efficiency, economy and good governance. In this connection, introducing e-governance in university administration holds the promise for, growth and development of Universities
Education Is A Public Good
Inclusive Education in India
Commercialisation of Education
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IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is an International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Status of Higher Education in India: Achievement and Challengesijtsrd
Higher education is an important part of the era of science and technology. In modern world, it plays an important role to transform human beings into modern human resources. Immense increase in Higher education institutions is also a challenge to our government. In India, a number of the higher educational institutions are not well mapped out, maximum which are not providing the quality education. There are many drawbacks in our higher education system, as a result many problems are faced by the students as well as teachers and common people. Under certain circumstances it is seen that access and equity is a big challenge to the government. The paper highlights the attainments and challenges in higher education and tries to find out the problems in the light of some aspects. Dr. Nain Singh | Prem Pal"Status of Higher Education in India: Achievement and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd5882.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/5882/status-of-higher-education-in-india-achievement-and-challenges/dr-nain-singh
1. IJRESS Volume 4, Issue 6 (June 2014) (ISSN 2249-7382)
IMPACT FACTOR – 4.992
International Journal of Research in Economics & Social Sciences
http://www.euroasiapub.org 1
PRIVATIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA: A BOON OR
BANE
Dr. K. Subramanian*
INTRODUCTION
“People must come to accept private enterprise,not as a necessary evil, but as an
affirmative good”.
-Eugene Black,Former President,World Bank
Education is the real eye opener to the society for the empowerment of rural as well as urban
population. Education is universally recognized as an important investment in building human
capital, which is a driver for technological innovation and economic growth. India has the second
largest higher education system in the World and the third largest pool of skilled manpower. The
right of access to higher education is mentioned in a number of international human rights
instruments. The UN International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966
declares, in Article 13, that "higher education shall be made equally accessible to all, on the basis
of capacity, by every appropriate means, and in particular by the progressive introduction of free
education". In Europe, Article 2 of the First Protocol to the European Convention on Human
Rights, adopted in 1950, obliges all signatory parties to guarantee the right to education. Higher
education is an educational level that follows a completion of a school providing a secondary
education, such as a high school, secondary school, or gymnasium. Tertiary education is
normally taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational
education and training. Colleges, universities, and institutes of technology are the main
institutions that provide tertiary education (sometimes known collectively as tertiary
institutions).
*Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, (Centre for Research), Saraswathi Narayanan
College, Perungudi, Madurai
2. IJRESS Volume 4, Issue 6 (June 2014) (ISSN 2249-7382)
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International Journal of Research in Economics & Social Sciences
http://www.euroasiapub.org 2
PRIVATIZATION: A BOON
After the Second World War (1945) and in the Indian context of post independence (1947), the
World has seen an enormous expansion of higher education. Everyone needs to be educated and
that is the main idea of our country. In the modern society, it is very important to have higher
education. Now a days, school education is not enough to get a better life style. In the Third
World countries, under the structural adjustment programme by the International Monetary Fund
(IMF) and the World Bank in the 1970’s and 80’s, the structure of higher education buckled
under pressure, and flood gates were opened for privatization of the higher education systems.
Our former president Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam has rightly pointed out that the future of India is in
the hands of our youth. To make our nation number one, our youth should improve their
knowledge only by education tirelessly.
In the past, a very few colleges were there for higher education. During those days only
Government Institutions were there. In order to meet the growing needs of the student population
for higher education in the country, it is imperative for the Government to privatize higher
education. The new education policy was introduced by the Former Prime Minister Rajeev
Gandhi. With this policy, privatization of education especially in higher education moved
rapidly. During the late 20th
century, that is during 1990’s, our Government has granted approval
for starting Private Institutions to offer higher education to the citizens of India. A lot of private
organizations have come forward to offer higher education. Certain individuals, who know the
importance of education have started their own institutions and provided quality education in a
very reasonable cost. Now-a-days both the economically sound and poor parents are also able to
provide higher education for their children. This is because of the establishment of private
educational institutions. Owing to these private institutions only, our younger generation are able
to become Doctors, Engineers, Software Developers, Lawyers, Economists, Sociologist,
demographers, etc, and in turn, their life style is also upgraded on a par with that of Western
countries. So it is good to have privatization in Higher Education and with the help of these
private institutes, we are able to produce a great number of Engineers, Doctors, Chemists,
Software and Information Technology professionals to improve the status of our India amids the
developed countries. India is a poor country where a large number of population are living below
the poverty line. They are deprived of even basic amenities like food, clothing, water, health and
housing facilities on which the survival of human being depends. In this time the Government
3. IJRESS Volume 4, Issue 6 (June 2014) (ISSN 2249-7382)
IMPACT FACTOR – 4.992
International Journal of Research in Economics & Social Sciences
http://www.euroasiapub.org 3
Institutions are very low. At the same time private colleges have been growing in number.
Further private institutions, particularly in the area of management, engineering, medical and
computers, have been coming up in large numbers.
PRIVATIZATION: A BANE
The people are spending thousands and lakhs of rupees to get a degree. So the private higher
education institutions create situation in adverse effects. The professors in private higher
education institutions get very low salary and are required to do more and more work. Since
government employment opportunities are very low, professors in private sector institutions
accept the job despite knowing the fact that they receive a very little salary. Since the professors
in private higher education institutions are paid low when compared to aided institutions, they
will not work efficiently. Further, most of the private institutions are started without adequate
infrastructure. With the help of pull and push factors they get affiliation.
Fees structure in the private higher educational institutions is also high when compared to aided
institutions. Even though the Government fixes the fees structure, the private higher educational
institutions unofficially collect more. Thus, it will be unworthy to talk that the private higher
education institutions provide quality education to our people. From this point of view, education
is an extension of business and industry.
The problem on privatization of higher education system is mainly a matter of hot debate and
concern amongst all affected groups. Hence it is called as “Trading of education”. In private
higher education institutions, higher education is being treated as a product and the students as
consumers. There should be free competition in the market place. This has led to the entry of
“For Profit” entrepreneurs in the market of higher education. But the Supreme Court ruled that
educational institutions like the Delhi University, could not be considered as “Industry” as
defined under section 2 (J) of the Industrial Disputes Act. Mr.Justice P.B. Gajendragadkar said:
“Education in its true aspect is more a mission and a vocation rather than a profession or trade or
business. The creation of a well educated, healthy young generation imputed with a rational
progressive outlook on life, the sole aim of education, could not at all be compared with or
assimilated into what might be described as an industrial process, His Lordship added.”
CONCLUSION
The private higher education of a country plays a vital role in determining the shape of social,
economic, political and industrial development of a nation. But private enterprise must be
4. IJRESS Volume 4, Issue 6 (June 2014) (ISSN 2249-7382)
IMPACT FACTOR – 4.992
International Journal of Research in Economics & Social Sciences
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ensured that the entry into the scene does not lead to commercialization. Effective
implementations of rules and regulations of private higher educational institutions should be
made for effective higher education. However an improvement in the standards of higher
education could be achieved only through a balanced relationship between the public and private
sectors.
REFERENCES
1. Chaturevedi, S. (2005). Privatization of Higher Education: Issues and challenges,
University News, 43:43:1-4.
2. Mahanwar T.D. and Rajavi. S.S (2012) Privatization of Higher Education in India,
International Educational E-Journal, I:II:199-203.
3. Webliography
4. www.positivepsychology.org
5. www.thehindu.com
6. www.goi.nic.in