The document discusses several topics related to air quality and pollution:
1. The World Air Quality Report 2020 found that 22 of the 30 most polluted cities globally are in India, with Delhi ranked as the most polluted capital city. Several North Indian cities like Ghaziabad feature highly on the global pollution list.
2. Agricultural stubble burning in states like Punjab and Haryana contributes significantly to the spike in pollution levels in Delhi during winter months. Other factors include vehicular emissions, construction activities, waste burning, and meteorological conditions.
3. The report analyzed PM2.5 data from cities across 106 countries, finding that South Asian countries like Bangladesh, Pakistan and India topped the country rankings in
This slide deck includes the highlights of the recent Union Budget of India for the financial year 2017-18 announced by Mr Arun Jaitley (Finance Minister) on 2nd Feb 2017.
Edelman India Public Affairs team provides an analysis of the Union Budget 2018-19 tabled in Parliament on Feb 1 -- featuring opinions from eminent economists and industry experts.
Contributors include:
Mr. T.S. Vishwanath
Partner, APJ-SLG Law Offices and Senior Advisor, Edelman India
Mr. Nirankar Saxena
Deputy Secretary General, FICCI
Dr. Geethanjali Nataraj
Professor of Applied Economics, Indian Institute of Public Administration
Dr. Amir Ullah Khan
Development Sector Economist, Professor and Director at the Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Visiting faculty of Economic Policy at the Indian School of Business
Mr. Neeraj Bansal
Partner and Head – ASEAN Corridor and Building, Construction and Real Estate sector, KPMG in India
Mr. Ravi S. Kochak
Former Additional Member (Production Units), Indian Railways
This slide deck includes the highlights of the recent Union Budget of India for the financial year 2017-18 announced by Mr Arun Jaitley (Finance Minister) on 2nd Feb 2017.
Edelman India Public Affairs team provides an analysis of the Union Budget 2018-19 tabled in Parliament on Feb 1 -- featuring opinions from eminent economists and industry experts.
Contributors include:
Mr. T.S. Vishwanath
Partner, APJ-SLG Law Offices and Senior Advisor, Edelman India
Mr. Nirankar Saxena
Deputy Secretary General, FICCI
Dr. Geethanjali Nataraj
Professor of Applied Economics, Indian Institute of Public Administration
Dr. Amir Ullah Khan
Development Sector Economist, Professor and Director at the Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Visiting faculty of Economic Policy at the Indian School of Business
Mr. Neeraj Bansal
Partner and Head – ASEAN Corridor and Building, Construction and Real Estate sector, KPMG in India
Mr. Ravi S. Kochak
Former Additional Member (Production Units), Indian Railways
Missed out on the Union Budget 2017 Presentation?
Indian Finance Minister, Mr. Arun Jaitely has once again taken the nation by wave with his pro-poor, pro-growth, pro-middle class, pro-youth & paradigm shifting Budget. Read the highlights of the Budget here.
A budget is a quantitative expression of a financial plan, we all know that but, not everyone understands the whole of Budget. For this reason alone, the budget views are presented in a PPT format for your reference.
A presentation by CA Manish Hingar
The Union Budget for 2018-19 was proposed by Mr. Arun Jaitley on 1st February 2018. The budget proposes significant initiatives for rural & agricultural development, generation of employment, skill development and upgrading infrastructure, but, provides little incentive to the taxpayers. Sharing with you the highlights of this year's Budget.
This presentation has been prepared to give a glimpse of Union Budget 2017-18. It will come handy for management students who have Finance as one of their subjects.
The Finance Minister presented the Union Budget on 1st February 2017. This is our analysis of the implications of the budget on the Indian Economy and the Markets. We have also shared the stocks that will be the Budget Winners & Losers. We hope you enjoy going through our analysis.
Key Highlights on 10 big themes of Union Budget FY17-18emkayglobal
Key highlights on 10 themes of Union Budget FY17-18 – Farmers, rural population, youth, poor and underprivileged, infrastructure, financial sector, digital economy, public service, prudent fiscal management, tax administration.
Infrastructure in Andhra Pradesh, Industries in Andhra Pradesh, GSDPBruce Clay India
Andhra Pradesh is located in the Southern peninsula of India and has a coast line of 974 km. The state has well-developed social, physical and industrial infrastructure and virtual connectivity, has good power, airport, IT and port infrastructure.
AatmaNirbhar Bharat Presentation- Government Reforms and EnablersLabour Law Advisor
Aatmanirbhar Bharat Scheme announced by Government of India in the wake of COVID 19. The whole scheme was divided into 5 parts. It is the official PPT of Part 5 Government Reforms and Enablers that includes the direct and indirect schemes launched to help boosting the economy from the slowdown.
An SEZ is an enclave within a country that is typically duty-free and has different business and commercial laws chiefly to encourage investment and create employment. Apart from generating employment opportunities and promoting investment, SEZs are created also to better administer these areas, thereby increasing the ease of doing business.
Missed out on the Union Budget 2017 Presentation?
Indian Finance Minister, Mr. Arun Jaitely has once again taken the nation by wave with his pro-poor, pro-growth, pro-middle class, pro-youth & paradigm shifting Budget. Read the highlights of the Budget here.
A budget is a quantitative expression of a financial plan, we all know that but, not everyone understands the whole of Budget. For this reason alone, the budget views are presented in a PPT format for your reference.
A presentation by CA Manish Hingar
The Union Budget for 2018-19 was proposed by Mr. Arun Jaitley on 1st February 2018. The budget proposes significant initiatives for rural & agricultural development, generation of employment, skill development and upgrading infrastructure, but, provides little incentive to the taxpayers. Sharing with you the highlights of this year's Budget.
This presentation has been prepared to give a glimpse of Union Budget 2017-18. It will come handy for management students who have Finance as one of their subjects.
The Finance Minister presented the Union Budget on 1st February 2017. This is our analysis of the implications of the budget on the Indian Economy and the Markets. We have also shared the stocks that will be the Budget Winners & Losers. We hope you enjoy going through our analysis.
Key Highlights on 10 big themes of Union Budget FY17-18emkayglobal
Key highlights on 10 themes of Union Budget FY17-18 – Farmers, rural population, youth, poor and underprivileged, infrastructure, financial sector, digital economy, public service, prudent fiscal management, tax administration.
Infrastructure in Andhra Pradesh, Industries in Andhra Pradesh, GSDPBruce Clay India
Andhra Pradesh is located in the Southern peninsula of India and has a coast line of 974 km. The state has well-developed social, physical and industrial infrastructure and virtual connectivity, has good power, airport, IT and port infrastructure.
AatmaNirbhar Bharat Presentation- Government Reforms and EnablersLabour Law Advisor
Aatmanirbhar Bharat Scheme announced by Government of India in the wake of COVID 19. The whole scheme was divided into 5 parts. It is the official PPT of Part 5 Government Reforms and Enablers that includes the direct and indirect schemes launched to help boosting the economy from the slowdown.
An SEZ is an enclave within a country that is typically duty-free and has different business and commercial laws chiefly to encourage investment and create employment. Apart from generating employment opportunities and promoting investment, SEZs are created also to better administer these areas, thereby increasing the ease of doing business.
A descriptive presentation on Understanding the Union Budget - 2020, containing detailed interpretation of various amendments in Direct and Indirect Tax Structure.
Good Luck!!
Good Luck!!
Includes expectations from the Union Budget of 2016 in 3 sectors - Infrastructure, Startup Funding and Ease of Doing Business. It includes an analysis of policies in the Budget of 2015 and a log of measures the Government could take up
India Inc. endorses Government’s Speed of Decision making and Implementation Agenda. Sumit Mazumder, President, CII, addressed CII's first Press Conference on its National Agenda 2015-16. Since coming to power in May 2014, the new government has adopted several measures to generate positive sentiment about the Indian economy. CII’s theme for the year is to Build India: Invest in Development. This would involve CII’s engagement in four broad areas: promoting growth and competitiveness, developing human capital, promoting infrastructure investments encouraging social development. CII is involved in three national missions – on smart cities, on digital India and on Sanitation in schools. CII is working with central, state and local governments for the successful implementation of these missions.
The presentation basically focus on the policy formed/designed by Government to protect/safegaurd the ideas of small Business, Entrepreneurs and Startups.
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we are here to help you in the duration of your preparation
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we are here to help you in the duration of your preparation
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we are here to help you in the duration of your preparation
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contact us at : 9454721860, 0522-4241011
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we are here to help you in the duration of your preparation
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contact us at : 9454721860, 0522-4241011
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we are here to help you in the duration of your preparation
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contact us at : 9454721860, 0522-4241011
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we are here to help you in the duration of your preparation
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contact us at : 9454721860, 0522-4241011
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we are here to help you in the duration of your preparation
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contact us at : 9454721860, 0522-4241011
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we are here to help you in the duration of your preparation
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contact us at : 9454721860, 0522-4241011
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we are here to help you in the duration of your preparation
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Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2. Local sales by SEZ units without import tag
Reference News-
The government is considering a proposal to allow producers in Special Economic Zones (SEZs) to sell
their output to the domestic market without treating them as imports. It is also reviewing the
exclusion of export-oriented units (EOUs) and SEZs from the recently notified tax refund scheme for
exports.
• It was also emphasized recently that despite the rise in freight rates and input costs, SEZ and
EOU units had not been given benefits under the Remission of Taxes and Duties on Export
Products (RoDTEP) scheme.
What is the RoDTEP Scheme?
• The Remission of Duties and Taxes on Exported Products (RoDTEP) Scheme was announced in
2019 by the Government of India and it became effective on 1 January 2021.
• It allows exporters to receive refunds on taxes and duties that are not exempted or refunded
under any other scheme.
• Aim: To boost the export of goods that was poor in volume.
• It replaces the Merchandise Export from India Scheme (MEIS).
• It is a combination of the MEIS and the Rebate of State and Central Taxes and Levies (RoSCTL).
• Under this scheme, refund would be claimed as a percentage of the Freight On board (FOB)
value of exports.
What are Special Economic Zones (SEZ)?
• It is a specifically delineated duty-free enclave, deemed to be foreign territory for the purposes
of trade operations and duties and tariffs.
• Goods and services going into the SEZ area from Domestic Tariff Area (whole India except SEZ)
shall be treated as exports and goods coming from the SEZ area into DTA shall be treated as
imports.
• SEZ units may be set up for manufacture of goods and rendering of services.
• The business and trade laws are different from the rest of the country.
• SEZs are located within a country’s national borders.
• Their aims include increasing trade balance, employment, increased investment, job creation
and effective administration
• The present rule governing SEZ units is that SEZ units may import/procure goods and services
from DTA without payment of import duty. But when SEZs are selling goods into DTA then
Import/Customs Duty is imposed.
3. Cairn Energy to end tax dispute with India
Reference news
The U.K.-based Cairn Energy is working with the Government of India to expedite “documentation and
payment of refund” of $1.06 billion of retrospective taxes.
• In its half-yearly report, Cairn said it plans to return $700 million to the shareholders through
special dividends and buybacks, out of the expected tax refund from the Indian government.
Recent Amendment to I-T laws by the Indian government
• The government recently amended the income tax laws to scrap the retrospective tax
provisions introduced in 2012-13, under which Cairn was taxed in 2014 for a corporate
restructuring undertaken in 2006-07.
• The tax department subsequently froze the firm’s shares as part of the proceedings and sold
them off to recover the claimed tax dues.
• The changes propose to refund the taxes levied retrospectively if the affected taxpayers drop all
pending litigation and forego any interest and damages claims.
Tribunal verdict
• An international arbitration tribunal, scrutinizing the tax dispute, last year ruled in Cairn’s
favour and awarded $1.2 billion in damages to the company. While the government has filed an
appeal against the verdict, Cairn has filed lawsuits in several overseas jurisdictions to enforce
the tribunal’s award.
Background
• The year in reference, 2006-07, was one in which big corporate changes and developments took
place in Cairn Energy.
• It was the year in which it not only undertook a corporate re-organisation, but also floated an
Indian subsidiary, Cairn India, which in early 2007 got listed on the Indian bourses.
• Through the corporate re-organisation process, Cairn Energy had transferred all of its India
assets, which were until then held by nine subsidiaries in various countries, to the newly-formed
Cairn India.
• But the tax authorities claimed that in the process of this re-organisation, Cairn Energy had
made capital gains worth ₹24,500 crore. This, the department asserted, was the basis of the tax
demand of 1.6 billion USD.
• In 2011, the U.K.-based Vedanta Resources bought a nearly 60% stake in Cairn India. In fact,
four years after this, Cairn India received a tax notice for not withholding tax for the gains
ascribed to its former parent company.
4. CSCs and Passport Services
Reference News:
The Common Services Centres (CSC) has received approvals to manage and operate Passport Seva
Kendra kiosks in rural areas.
Key takeaways
• The village-level entrepreneurs (VLEs), who operate the CSCs, will be entrusted with collecting
documents, photographs and other details necessary for the passport process as well as the
initial non-police verification.
• A nominal fee of up to Rs 100 could be charged for the same.
• The pilot for the programme was launched at a few CSCs in Haryana and Uttar Pradesh.
• Full-fledged services will be rolled out nationwide soon
What is CSC?
• The CSC is a special purpose vehicle of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
(MeitY).
• CSCs are physical facilities for delivering Government of India e-Services to rural and remote
locations where availability of computers and Internet was negligible or mostly absent.
• They are multiple-services-single-point models for providing facilities for multiple transactions
at a single geographical location.
Current function of CSCs
o At present, CSCs are allowed only to fill and upload application forms for others, pay an
applicable fee on an applicant’s behalf, and schedule an appointment for them.
• It has over the past three years tied up with partners, both in the public and private sector,
across domains by leveraging their presence across the country.
• They have done tie-ups with domestic and multinational corporations as well such as Tata,
PepsiCo, Unibic foods, etc.
• During lockdown, VLEs also opened up Grameen e-store for easy delivery of essential and non-
essential items in villages, gram panchayats and other rural areas.
5. Impact of climate change on El Niño-Southern Oscillation
Reference News-
There is a growing body of research suggesting that climate change can cause extreme and more
frequent El Niño and La Niña events.
• A study was conducted recently on this using one of South Korea’s fastest supercomputers,
Findings of the latest study:
1. Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide can cause a “weakening of future simulated ENSO sea
surface temperature variability.”
2. Future El Niño events will lose heat to the atmosphere more quickly due to the evaporation of
water vapour.
3. In the future there will be a reduced temperature difference between the eastern and western
tropical Pacific, inhibiting the development of temperature extremes during the ENSO cycle.
4. Also, there can be a weakening of tropical instability waves in the projected future, which can
cause a disruption of the La Niña event.
What are the Niño and La Niña?
They are two natural climate phenomena
occurring across the tropical Pacific Ocean
and influence the weather conditions all
over the world.
• While the El Niño period is
characterised by warming or
increased sea surface temperatures
in the central and eastern tropical
Pacific Ocean, a La Niña event
causes the water in the eastern Pacific Ocean to be colder than usual.
• Together, they are called ENSO or El Niño-Southern Oscillation.
6. Right to Sit to be mandated in Tamil Nadu:
Reference News
The Tamil Nadu government has tabled a Bill in the Legislative Assembly making it mandatory for
establishments to provide seating facilities for employees. It is popularly being called the “Right to
Sit”.
Right to Sit:
• It is aimed to benefit thousands of employees of large and small establishments, particularly
those working in textile and jewelry showrooms.
• The bill mandates for every premises of establishments to have suitable seating arrangements
for all employees so that they may take advantage of any opportunity to sit in the course of
their work.
• The bill seeks to amend the Tamil Nadu Shops and Establishments Act, 1947, by adding a sub-
section.
Need for:
• Persons employed in shops and establishments in the State are made to stand throughout their
duty time resulting in varied health issues.
• Most owners of shops and other retail outlets forbid women, the bulk of the shop workforce, to
sit. Even leaning against a wall was punished. They had developed varicose veins and joint pain
from standing.
Right to Sit would avoid the ‘on their toes’ situation throughout the working hours.
Inspired from Kerala:
A few years ago, workers of textile showrooms in Kerala had gone on a protest demanding the ‘Right
to Sit’, prompting the government there to amend the Kerala Shops and Establishments Act in
2018. This in turn provided seating arrangements for them.
Daily Topic
World Air Quality Report 2020
Why in News
The World Air Quality Report, prepared by Swiss organisation IQAir, mentions that 22 of the top 30
most polluted cities globally are in India.
The Report aggregated PM2.5 data from 106 countries.
Key Points
World Capital City Ranking:
o Delhi has been ranked as the world's most polluted capital city followed by Dhaka
(Bangladesh), Ulaanbaatar (Mongolia), Kabul (Afghanistan), Doha (Qatar).
World Country Ranking:
7. o Bangladesh has been ranked as the most polluted country followed by Pakistan and India.
o The least polluted country is Puerto Rico, followed by New Caledonia, US Virgin
Islands respectively.
World City Ranking:
o Hotan in China is the most polluted city with an average concentration of 110.2 µg/m³ followed
by Ghaziabad in Uttar Pradesh at 106.
Indian Scenario:
o Shows a boost in Delhi’s air quality by approximately 15% from 2019 to 2020.
• Delhi has been listed as the 10th
most polluted city and the top polluted capital city in the
world.
o Ghaziabad is the second most polluted city in the world followed by Bulandshahar, Bisrakh
Jalalpur, Bhiwadi, Noida, Greater Noida, Kanpur and Lucknow.
o Compared to north Indian cities, the cities in the Deccan recorded relatively better air
quality, remaining above the daily WHO limits of 25 µg/m3 for most part of 2020.
• However, every city in India observed air quality improvements compared to 2018 and
earlier, while 63% saw direct improvements against 2019.
o Major sources of India’s air pollution include transportation, biomass burning for cooking,
electricity generation, industry, construction, waste burning, and episodic agricultural burning.
• 2020 was a particularly severe year for agricultural burning in which farmers set fire to
crop residue after a harvest. Farm fires in Punjab increased 46.5% over 2019.
Covid and Its Impact :
o In 2020, the spread of Covid-19 raised new concerns as exposure to particle pollution was
found to increase vulnerability to the virus and its impact on health.
o Early reports suggest that the proportion of Covid-19 deaths attributed to air pollution
exposure ranges from 7% to 33%.
Air Pollution in Delhi
Air pollution in Delhi-NCR and the Indo Gangetic Plains is a complex phenomenon that is
dependent on a variety of factors.
Change in Wind Direction:
o October usually marks the withdrawal of monsoons in Northwest India and during this time,
the predominant direction of winds is northwesterly.
o The direction of the wind is northwesterly in summers as well, which brings the dust from
northern Pakistan and Afghanistan.
Reduced Wind Speed:
o High-speed winds are very effective at dispersing pollutants, but winters bring a dip in wind
speed overall as compared to in summers which makes the region prone to pollution.
8. o Also, Delhi lies in a landlocked region which does not have a geographical advantage that
eastern, western or southern parts of the country enjoy where the sea breeze disperses the
concentrated pollutants.
Stubble Burning:
o Stubble burning in Punjab, Rajasthan and Haryana is blamed for causing a thick blanket of
smog in Delhi during winters.
• It emits large amounts of toxic pollutants in the atmosphere which contain harmful gases
like methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOC) and
carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
o Farm fires have been an easy way to get rid of paddy stubble quickly and at low cost for several
years.
Vehicular Pollution:
o It is one of the biggest causes of dipping air quality in Delhi in winters and around 20%
of PM2.5 in winters comes from it.
Dust Storms:
o Dust storms from Gulf countries enhance the already worse condition. Dry cold weather means
dust is prevalent in the entire region, which does not see many rainy days between October
and June.
o Dust pollution contributes to around 56% of PM10 and the PM2.5 load.
Dip in Temperatures:
o As temperature dips, the inversion height is lowered and the concentration of pollutants in the
air increases when this happens.
• Inversion height is the layer beyond which pollutants cannot disperse into the upper layer
of the atmosphere.
Firecrackers:
o Despite the ban on cracker sales, firecrackers are a common sight on Diwali. It may not be the
top reason for air pollution, but it definitely contributed to its build-up.
Construction Activities and Open Waste Burning:
o Large-scale construction in Delhi-NCR is another culprit that is increasing dust and pollution in
the air. Delhi also has landfill sites for the dumping of waste and burning of waste in these sites
also contributes to air pollution.
Major Measures Taken
Subsidy to farmers for buying Turbo Happy Seeder (THS) which is a machine mounted on a
tractor that cuts and uproots the stubble, in order to reduce stubble burning.
The introduction of BS-VI vehicles, push for electric vehicles (EVs), Odd-Even as an emergency
measure and construction of the Eastern and Western Peripheral Expressways to reduce
vehicular pollution.
9. Implementation of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) to tackle the rising pollution in the
Capital. It includes measures like shutting down thermal power plants and a ban on
construction activities.
Development of the National AQI for public information under the aegis of the Central Pollution
Control Board (CPCB). AQI has been developed for eight pollutants viz. PM2.5, PM10, Ammonia,
Lead, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, ozone, and carbon monoxide.
Way Forward
Appropriate political will and aware citizenry is a prerequisite to tackle the menace, otherwise,
all the measures will remain on paper only and greater public transparency is essential to the
success of winning the war on air pollution.
There is no better watchdog than active citizens, which is why the pollution targets must be
made public every year for their perusal and to be evaluated at the end of the year.
Breathing clean air is a fundamental right of every Indian citizen. Therefore, human health must
become a priority when it comes to tackling air pollution.