This document discusses a study on the effect of calcium glucono-galacto-gluconate (CG) on growth parameters of the silkworm Bombyx mori. Four concentrations of CG (1%, 2%, 3%, 6%) were administered to different instar larvae groups. Treatment of III and IV instar larvae combined with 6% CG resulted in the shortest larval duration, highest larval weight, cocoon weight, and cocooning percentage compared to other treatment groups and the control. The results indicate that CG has a positive dose-dependent effect on silkworm growth and development. Further studies using plant-derived calcium sources are suggested for their nutritional and economic benefits to silkworm rearing.
The Effect of Calcium Glucono-Galacto-Gluconate on Certain Developmental and ...BRNSSPublicationHubI
1) The study examined the effect of different concentrations of calcium gluconate (CG) on growth parameters of silkworm (Bombyx mori) like larval duration, larval weight, cocoon weight, and cocooning percentage.
2) CG was administered by soaking mulberry leaves in different concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 6% CG solutions and feeding them to silkworms.
3) The results showed that treatment with 6% CG for III and IV instar silkworms led to the shortest larval duration, highest larval weight, and cocoon weight compared to other treatment groups and controls.
Effect of Magnetic Technology on Some Productive and Physiological Traits of ...BRNSSPublicationHubI
This study evaluated the effects of magnetic field exposure and drinking magnetic water on productivity traits of aged Japanese quail birds. 160 females and 80 males aged 50 weeks were divided into 4 groups: a control group, a group drinking 2000 gauss magnetic water, a group exposed to 400 gauss magnetic field, and a group exposed to both 2000 gauss magnetic water and 400 gauss magnetic field. Productive performance, physiological traits, and immunity were measured. Results showed magnetic treatments improved egg production, egg weight, fertility, hatchability, and decreased mortality compared to the control. The combined magnetic water and field treatment resulted in the highest improvements. Magnetic treatments also positively altered hematological, biochemical and hormone parameters. This study suggests magnetic applications can combat declines in aged
This document summarizes a review on the potential of water buffalo in world agriculture. It discusses water buffalo's role in agriculture, their global population distribution, and phylogenetic classification. It then reviews the current state of knowledge on the molecular determinants of economically important traits in water buffalo like longevity, disease resistance, milk production, and growth. It finds that while knowledge is available, more data is still needed on these traits through genome sequencing and functional genomics to enable precision breeding and farming. Future research using systems approaches can help advance science and technology for sustainable water buffalo production.
In this study, nutritional profiles and growth performances of yellow mealworm, Tenebriomolitor larvae (TML) were assessed cultivated using common food wastes i.e. watermelon rinds, broilers’ eggshells and banana peels. Nutritional profiles and growth performance of TML were evaluated after 28-day feeding trial. Post-feeding proximate analysis showed significant increment of nutritional contents compared to the control groups; whereby TML demonstrated highest level of crude protein (43.38%±2.71), moisture (9.74%±0.23) and ash (4.40%±0.22) in the group treated with watermelon wastes. On the other hand, TML showed highest level of crude fibre (8.73%±0.05) when treated with broilers’ eggshells; and higher level of crude fat (40.13%±4.66) with banana wastes. Nitrogen-free extract (NFE) contents were also noticed higher in the group treated with banana wastes (4.46%±5.30). In terms of growth performance, TML administrated with watermelon wastes demonstrated superior in specific growth rate (2.50%±0.43) and feed conversion efficiency (0.10%±0.01). Interestingly, TML grown with banana wastes showed highest survival rate (97.5%) among all. In short, TML cultivation using watermelon and banana wastes showed a promising result on nutritional fortification and growth enhancement.
Nutrient supplementation using amino acid for growth and yield of silkworm, B...Innspub Net
This study investigated the effects of amino acid supplementation on the growth and yield of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.). Silkworms were fed mulberry leaves sprayed with different concentrations (0.5% and 1%) of amino acids, administered at different frequencies (2x and 4x per day). Results showed that supplementing mulberry leaves with 0.5% amino acids and feeding larvae 4 times per day during the cold-dry season led to higher cocoon yield per box, longer filament length, and higher effective rearing rates. Supplementing with 1% amino acids and feeding twice daily positively impacted larval weight at maturity. Disease occurred but did not significantly affect survival rates. In
We investigated the effects of fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) on zootechnical performance and immune response of the Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer Bloch. Experimental fish were fed with 3 diets: a local commercial diet (control), coated or not, with 2 and 3% FPH (w/w). Twelve thousand Asian Seabass juveniles (5.88±0.56 g) were divided into three groups and two replicates reared in nursery tanks (2000 L). The remaining fish were then used for grow-out experiment in floating net cages (1m x 1 m x 3 m). Zootechnical performances were assessed at both stages with following indicators: total weight gain (TWG), % relative weight gain (% RWG), % specific growth rate (% SGR), final weight (g) and final length (cm). At the end of each trial period, fish immune status was assessed through blood sampling and the measurement of Neutrophile (%), Monocyte (%), Lymphocyte (%), Macrophage (105 cell/mL), Leukocyte (103 cell/mL) and Phagocytes activity (%). At the end of the nursery trial, an immersion bacterial challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus (105 cells mL-1) was implemented. The results showed that dietary FPH supplementation significantly influenced the growth and immune status of Asian Seabass when compared to the control group. Fish fed FPH supplemented diet yielded higher growth rates and survival rates than non supplemented group. Fish phagocytic activity and resistance to a bacterial challenge were also improved by dietary FPH supplementation. These results may be related to the significant changes observed in fish leukocyte profiles, when fed FPH supplemented diets. Altogether, these results show the positive contribution of FPH to the sustainability of Asian seabass farming.
This study assessed the growth of Oscar fish (Astronotus ocellatus) fed Artemia nauplii enriched with different levels of Mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) extracted from yeast cell walls. Over 8 weeks, 100 fish were fed one of four diets: a control with no MOS, or diets with Artemia enriched with 250, 500, or 750 mg/L of MOS. Later, diets included the fish food Biomar with 0%, 1%, 2%, or 3% yeast cell wall prebiotic. Growth was measured by weight gain, growth rate, biomass, and length. Fish fed 500 mg/L MOS and the 2-3% prebi
Proceeding of FAVA: Analysis of Sperm Freezing Capability of Various Bulls a...anbiocore
This study analyzed the freezing capability of sperm from various bulls at the Singosari AI center in Indonesia. The quality of semen collected was evaluated at several steps: fresh semen, before freezing, and post-thawing. The highest percentage of rejected semen was at the fresh semen evaluation stage. Nutrition and health factors influenced semen quality. Over time in 2016, the percentage of rejected sperm decreased at each evaluation stage as nutrition management improved, indicating better freezing capability. A multiparametric evaluation approach using CASA/flow cytometry was recommended to further improve semen quality assessment.
The Effect of Calcium Glucono-Galacto-Gluconate on Certain Developmental and ...BRNSSPublicationHubI
1) The study examined the effect of different concentrations of calcium gluconate (CG) on growth parameters of silkworm (Bombyx mori) like larval duration, larval weight, cocoon weight, and cocooning percentage.
2) CG was administered by soaking mulberry leaves in different concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 6% CG solutions and feeding them to silkworms.
3) The results showed that treatment with 6% CG for III and IV instar silkworms led to the shortest larval duration, highest larval weight, and cocoon weight compared to other treatment groups and controls.
Effect of Magnetic Technology on Some Productive and Physiological Traits of ...BRNSSPublicationHubI
This study evaluated the effects of magnetic field exposure and drinking magnetic water on productivity traits of aged Japanese quail birds. 160 females and 80 males aged 50 weeks were divided into 4 groups: a control group, a group drinking 2000 gauss magnetic water, a group exposed to 400 gauss magnetic field, and a group exposed to both 2000 gauss magnetic water and 400 gauss magnetic field. Productive performance, physiological traits, and immunity were measured. Results showed magnetic treatments improved egg production, egg weight, fertility, hatchability, and decreased mortality compared to the control. The combined magnetic water and field treatment resulted in the highest improvements. Magnetic treatments also positively altered hematological, biochemical and hormone parameters. This study suggests magnetic applications can combat declines in aged
This document summarizes a review on the potential of water buffalo in world agriculture. It discusses water buffalo's role in agriculture, their global population distribution, and phylogenetic classification. It then reviews the current state of knowledge on the molecular determinants of economically important traits in water buffalo like longevity, disease resistance, milk production, and growth. It finds that while knowledge is available, more data is still needed on these traits through genome sequencing and functional genomics to enable precision breeding and farming. Future research using systems approaches can help advance science and technology for sustainable water buffalo production.
In this study, nutritional profiles and growth performances of yellow mealworm, Tenebriomolitor larvae (TML) were assessed cultivated using common food wastes i.e. watermelon rinds, broilers’ eggshells and banana peels. Nutritional profiles and growth performance of TML were evaluated after 28-day feeding trial. Post-feeding proximate analysis showed significant increment of nutritional contents compared to the control groups; whereby TML demonstrated highest level of crude protein (43.38%±2.71), moisture (9.74%±0.23) and ash (4.40%±0.22) in the group treated with watermelon wastes. On the other hand, TML showed highest level of crude fibre (8.73%±0.05) when treated with broilers’ eggshells; and higher level of crude fat (40.13%±4.66) with banana wastes. Nitrogen-free extract (NFE) contents were also noticed higher in the group treated with banana wastes (4.46%±5.30). In terms of growth performance, TML administrated with watermelon wastes demonstrated superior in specific growth rate (2.50%±0.43) and feed conversion efficiency (0.10%±0.01). Interestingly, TML grown with banana wastes showed highest survival rate (97.5%) among all. In short, TML cultivation using watermelon and banana wastes showed a promising result on nutritional fortification and growth enhancement.
Nutrient supplementation using amino acid for growth and yield of silkworm, B...Innspub Net
This study investigated the effects of amino acid supplementation on the growth and yield of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.). Silkworms were fed mulberry leaves sprayed with different concentrations (0.5% and 1%) of amino acids, administered at different frequencies (2x and 4x per day). Results showed that supplementing mulberry leaves with 0.5% amino acids and feeding larvae 4 times per day during the cold-dry season led to higher cocoon yield per box, longer filament length, and higher effective rearing rates. Supplementing with 1% amino acids and feeding twice daily positively impacted larval weight at maturity. Disease occurred but did not significantly affect survival rates. In
We investigated the effects of fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) on zootechnical performance and immune response of the Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer Bloch. Experimental fish were fed with 3 diets: a local commercial diet (control), coated or not, with 2 and 3% FPH (w/w). Twelve thousand Asian Seabass juveniles (5.88±0.56 g) were divided into three groups and two replicates reared in nursery tanks (2000 L). The remaining fish were then used for grow-out experiment in floating net cages (1m x 1 m x 3 m). Zootechnical performances were assessed at both stages with following indicators: total weight gain (TWG), % relative weight gain (% RWG), % specific growth rate (% SGR), final weight (g) and final length (cm). At the end of each trial period, fish immune status was assessed through blood sampling and the measurement of Neutrophile (%), Monocyte (%), Lymphocyte (%), Macrophage (105 cell/mL), Leukocyte (103 cell/mL) and Phagocytes activity (%). At the end of the nursery trial, an immersion bacterial challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus (105 cells mL-1) was implemented. The results showed that dietary FPH supplementation significantly influenced the growth and immune status of Asian Seabass when compared to the control group. Fish fed FPH supplemented diet yielded higher growth rates and survival rates than non supplemented group. Fish phagocytic activity and resistance to a bacterial challenge were also improved by dietary FPH supplementation. These results may be related to the significant changes observed in fish leukocyte profiles, when fed FPH supplemented diets. Altogether, these results show the positive contribution of FPH to the sustainability of Asian seabass farming.
This study assessed the growth of Oscar fish (Astronotus ocellatus) fed Artemia nauplii enriched with different levels of Mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) extracted from yeast cell walls. Over 8 weeks, 100 fish were fed one of four diets: a control with no MOS, or diets with Artemia enriched with 250, 500, or 750 mg/L of MOS. Later, diets included the fish food Biomar with 0%, 1%, 2%, or 3% yeast cell wall prebiotic. Growth was measured by weight gain, growth rate, biomass, and length. Fish fed 500 mg/L MOS and the 2-3% prebi
Proceeding of FAVA: Analysis of Sperm Freezing Capability of Various Bulls a...anbiocore
This study analyzed the freezing capability of sperm from various bulls at the Singosari AI center in Indonesia. The quality of semen collected was evaluated at several steps: fresh semen, before freezing, and post-thawing. The highest percentage of rejected semen was at the fresh semen evaluation stage. Nutrition and health factors influenced semen quality. Over time in 2016, the percentage of rejected sperm decreased at each evaluation stage as nutrition management improved, indicating better freezing capability. A multiparametric evaluation approach using CASA/flow cytometry was recommended to further improve semen quality assessment.
Comparison of Growth and Development of Pleurotus florida against Wastes fr...Dr. siddhant
Two wastes from animal origin, viz., human hairs and egg shells were evaluated for different manifestations of white oyster mushroom, Pleurotus florida. The mushroom utilized both the substrates for their growth and sporophore formation. The mycelial growth was significantly (P=0.05) faster on egg shell (18 days) as compared to human hair (23 days). The crop of mushroom was harvested in four flushes where human hairs showed higher yield and biological efficiency of mushroom (165gm, 33%) than egg shells (155gm, 31%), respectively. In respect of yield parameters such as yield, biological efficiency, number of mushroom fruit bodies and average weight of sporophores, both the substrates were statistically at par to each other. Utilization of human hairs and egg shells by P. florida reveals a new strategy for mycoremediation of these wastes.
This document studied the effects of deer velvet extract from Formosan sika deer on mouse embryonic development and anti-oxidative enzyme expression. Mouse 4-cell embryos were divided into groups and cultured with different concentrations of deer velvet extract or hydrogen peroxide. Embryonic development stages were observed every 12 hours over 72 hours of incubation. The deer velvet extract promoted embryonic development and maintained blastocyst development rates similar to the control when embryos were challenged with hydrogen peroxide. Gene expression of anti-oxidative enzymes in blastocysts was not significantly different between deer velvet treatment groups. The deer velvet extract thus relieved oxidative stress on embryos and supported blastocyst development in vitro.
This document studied the effects of deer velvet extract from Formosan sika deer on mouse embryonic development and anti-oxidative enzyme expression. Mouse 4-cell embryos were divided into groups and cultured with different concentrations of deer velvet extract or hydrogen peroxide. Embryonic development stages were observed every 12 hours over 72 hours of incubation. The deer velvet extract promoted embryonic development and maintained blastocyst development rates similar to the control when embryos were challenged with hydrogen peroxide. Gene expression of anti-oxidative enzymes in blastocysts was not significantly different between deer velvet treatment groups. The deer velvet extract thus relieved oxidative stress on embryos and supported blastocyst development in vitro.
Comparison of Growth and Development of Pleurotus florida against Wastes from...Dr. siddhant
Two wastes from animal origin, viz., human hairs and egg shells were evaluated for different manifestations of white oyster mushroom, Pleurotus florida. The mushroom utilized both the
substrates for their growth and sporophore formation. The mycelial growth was significantly (P=0.05) faster on egg shell (18 days) as compared to human hair (23 days). The crop of mushroom was harvested in four flushes where human hairs showed higher yield and biological efficiency of mushroom (165 gm, 33%) than egg shells (155 gm, 31%), respectively. In respect of yield parameters such as yield, biological efficiency, number of mushroom fruit bodies and average weight of
sporophores, both the substrates were statistically at par to each other. Utilization of human hairs egg shells by P. florida reveals a new strategy for mycoremediation of these wastes.
An experimental study was carried over a
period of 42 days using 160 day-old commercial broiler chicks
(Ven Cobb) to study the effect of copper and flavomycin as feed
additives on growth performance in broiler chicken. The birds
were divided into four groups with four replicates of ten chicks in
each replicate. The treatment (T1) was control with standard
broiler ration and Cu as CuSO4 at 100 ppm, 200 ppm and
flavomycin at 10 ppm were supplemented in the basal diet to
form treatment 2 (T2), treatment 3 (T3) and treatment 4 (T4)
respectively.
The chemical composition of T1, T2, T3 and T4 rations
contained 15.43, 106.49, 212.54 and 18.69 ppm of Cu in broiler
starter and 12.67, 101.13, 202.72 and 20.20 ppm of Cu in broiler
finisher, respectively. The results of the present study revealed
that the supplementation of Cu as CuSO4 (100 and 200 ppm) or
flavomycin (10 ppm) showed no significant difference among the
treatment groups with regard to the feed consumption, body
weight gain and feed conversion ratio up to six weeks of age. The
carcass weight, slaughter weight, dressing percentage and giblet
yield were not influenced by dietary supplementation of either
Cu or flavomycin. It was concluded that dietary supplementation
of broiler chicken with Cu up to 200 ppm and flavomycin at 10
ppm did not have any adverse effect on production performance
of broiler chicken.
Study on Production Performance and Economic Benefits between Mixed-sex and M...Premier Publishers
The study was conducted to assess the comparison at the production performance and profitability between mixed-sex and mono-sex tilapia reared in cage culture. The experiment was carried out with two treatments and each was represented by six replicates for a period of 99 days in 12 cages each with the size of 1.5m3 (1.5m×1m×1m) situated in a pond. In the first treatment, six cages of mixed-sex tilapia and in the second treatment, 6 cages of mono-sex male tilapia were stocked. After 99 days of the culture period, mono-sex tilapia attained a significantly higher mean final weight of 189.67 gm ± 19.142 in comparison to mixed-sex tilapia which was 167.15 gm ± 13.297. However, there was no significant difference in food conversion ratio, specific growth rate, and survival rate between the treatments at the end of the study. The benefit-cost ratio was calculated as 1.47:1 and 1.59:1 for mixed-sex and mono-sex male tilapia respectively. The study revealed that there was no significant difference in individual weight, biomass, and the gross yield of tilapia between two treatments up to 72 days of the culture period. The comparative study suggested that within 2.5 months of the culture period, mixed-sex tilapia can be cultured successfully and could be used as an alternative source to the general people who usually avoid the consumption of hormone-treated fish.
Hematological indices of clarias griepinus (burchell, 1882) fingerlings fed d...Alexander Decker
This study investigated the effect of graded levels of calabash seed meal on the hematological parameters of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. Five iso-nitrogenous diets containing 0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60% calabash seed meal were fed to groups of C. gariepinus for 56 days. The results showed no clear trend in hematological indices among the treatment groups. However, fish fed the highest level (60%) had significantly lower packed cell volume, hemoglobin, red blood cells, and mean cell volume compared to the control. White blood cells and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were significantly higher at the 60% inclusion level. The study concluded that C. gari
Effect of feeding management of broodstock on breeding performance of bata (L...AbdullaAlAsif1
Labeo bata is one of the important minor carps in Bangladesh with great demand as good table fish. The study was conducted to observe the breeding performance at different management practices in Mafatema, Rupali, Modhumoti and Anan fish hatchery and disinfection treatments of water, eggs and fry in Jessore, Bangladesh during 10 March 2014 to 15 May 2015. An improvement in broodstock nutrition and feeding has been shown to greatly improve seed production. Protein and lipid percentage of broodstock diet have been identified as major dietary factors. Protein level was 24.77%, 23.47%, 18.08%, 17.78% and lipid level was 11.07%, 9.50%, 7.74%, 8.14% in Mafatema, Rupali, Modhumoti and Anan fish hatchery respectively. Three concentrations of four chemical-formalin (10, 20, 30 mg/L), malachite green (1, 3, 5 mg/L), NaCl (1, 2, 3 g/L) and methylene blue ( 1, 3, 5 mg/L) treatment regimes and a control were compared for efficacy in treating L. bata eggs to prevent fungus and bacterial infection and improve hatch and survival rate of fry. Highest correlation value between absolute fecundity and body weight (r=.938, p<.05) and total length (r=.891, p<.05) and gonadosomatic index (26.2%) were found in Mafatema fish hatchery among four experimental hatcheries at 24.77% protein and 11.07% lipid level. Better fertilization rate (84.2±5.17%) and hatching rate (82.0±4.30%) were found in Mafatema and Rupali fish hatchery respectively that has significant difference (P<0.05) from that of Modhumoti and Anan fish hatchery at higher protein and lipid level. Lowest deformity rate (6.05+2.65) was observed in Mafatema fish hatchery that was significantly different (P<0.05) from that of Modhumoti fish hatchery. In case of disinfection treatment, methylene blue at 1mg/L bath treatment daily for 4 days showed significantly higher hatching rate (92.33±3.51%) and survival rate (94.33±4.73%).
36.Effect of juvenile hormone on enhanced silk production in Bombyx moriAnnadurai B
The document summarizes research on the effect of juvenile hormone on silk production in Bombyx mori (silkworm). It screened 24 juvenile hormone mimic compounds applied to silkworms at different time periods and concentrations. Several compounds were found to improve economic traits like cocoon weight and shell weight. Specifically, compounds NL-13 and NL-24 increased cocoon weight by 13.22% and shell weight by 23.70% when applied at 5 ppm 48 hours into the 5th instar. Compounds BK and BPE also improved traits like larval weight, cocoon weight, and shell weight up to 22% when applied at certain concentrations and times. The research aims to identify compounds that can enhance
Evaluation of the Biochemical Composition of Four Marine Algae and Its Nutrit...IOSR Journals
Microalgae are utilized in aquaculture as a live feed for the crustaceans, ablone, zooplanktons, etc. The present study was aimed to examine the nutritional status of Artemia sp. nauplii enriched with four different algal sources namely Chaetoceros calcitrans, Skeletonema coastaum, Duniella salina & D. bardawil and also the amount of beta-carotene assimilated when enriched with the two green algae. Artemia sp. nauplii enriched with D. salina showed high amounts of protein and carbohydrate, whereas Artemia sp. fed with Chaetoceros calcitrans showed high amounts of lipid. The protein profile of Artemia sp. enriched with different algal sources did not show prominent differences in the polypeptide bands. However, high amount of beta-carotene was assimilated in Artemia sp. nauplii when enriched with D. salina. Hence this study showed that the microalgae D. salina can be used as a potential feed to improve the nutritional status of Artemia sp. nauplii.
Influence of Different Levels of Adsorbent “Vitacorm Reo-M” on the Morphologi...IJAEMSJORNAL
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of different levels of an adsorbent additive called "Vitacorm REO-M" on the growth, hematology, and serum biochemistry of pigs. Forty pigs were divided into four groups: a control group and three experimental groups that received the additive at levels of 2, 4, and 6 kg per ton of feed. Results showed that pigs receiving 4 kg per ton of feed had the highest average daily weight gain and overall body weight. Blood tests found increases in red blood cells and leukocytes in the experimental groups compared to the control. The group receiving 4 kg also had the highest levels of total protein and indicators within normal ranges for AST and ALT, suggesting
1) The study investigated the effects of supplementing the diet of Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies) with starch extracted from three cassava varieties on their behavior, reproduction, and oxidative status.
2) Results showed that flies fed diets supplemented with starch from two of the cassava varieties (TMS 30572 and local sweet cassava) had higher survival rates and faster recovery from chill-induced coma compared to flies fed normal diet or diet supplemented with starch from the third variety (TMS 92/0326).
3) Flies fed the starch-supplemented diets also had greater egg to adult viability and higher antioxidant enzyme activities, suggesting the starch provided a protective effect against oxidative stress.
The document summarizes a study on the effect of two fungicides, mancozeb and ridomil MZ, on the growth and development of Spodoptera litura. The study found that both fungicides significantly influenced the development of S. litura in a concentration-dependent manner. Higher concentrations of the fungicides resulted in a prolonged larval period, reduced pupation percentage and adult emergence, and decreased growth and success indices. Specifically, mancozeb at 2000ppm led to a maximum larval period of 20.33 days and pupation percentage of 30%, while ridomil MZ at 1000ppm caused a larval period of 17 days and pupation of only 10%. The study
Ciprofloxacin resideu and their impact on Biomolecules n eggs of laying hens ...Sayed Koushik Ahamed
I have done this research on eggs for the welfare of mankind now i want to share my article for social awareness. I hope it will helps all researchers for their future further research.
Thank You
Ovarian development in Cosmopolites sordidus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)IOSRJAVS
This study was undertaken to determine the ovarian development of banana weevils. Results indicated that female banana weevils have a meroistic and telotrophic ovariole. Four (4) stages of ovarian development were observed. Newly emerged females belonged to stage I, characterized by virtual absence of oocytes in female germarium; while fully mature adult females belonged to stage IV, characterized by the presence of mature, chorionated eggs in female calyces. The intermediate stages II and III were characterized by presence of small, undeveloped oocytes, and presence of developed but non-chorionated oocytes in the vitellarium of female ovarioles, respectively. The preoviposition period in this insect was found to range between 27 and 41 DAE and egg-loads in calyces ranged from 2 to 11. All females at ovarian stage IV (i.e. ages 25 DAE and above) were found to have mated, and were ready for ovulation and oviposition. Monitoring the reproductive phenology of crop pests may be helpful for predicting (forecasting) potential outbreaks. it could also aptly guide the timing of control options, and also aid varietal screening works. Field samplings that result in heavy female populations and with predominant numbers at final stages of ovarian development, may be a danger signal that should trigger instant interventions
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This study evaluated the effects of different dietary taurine levels on the growth, feed utilization, body composition, and amino acid profiles of Nile tilapia larvae. Larvae were fed diets with 0, 5, 10, or 15 g/kg of taurine for 60 days. Growth rates and feed efficiency improved with increasing taurine up to 10 g/kg but decreased at 15 g/kg. Maximum larval performance occurred at around 9.7 g/kg taurine. Higher taurine led to lower survival. Body protein increased and moisture/ash decreased with up to 10 g/kg taurine but decreased further at 15 g/kg. Lipids were unaffected. Several amino acids
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS OF THREE COMMON CARP (Cyprinus carpio...Repository Ipb
- The document analyzes quantitative and qualitative characteristics of three common carp strains in Indonesia: mirror carp, majalaya carp, and sinyonya carp.
- Sinyonya carp had the highest fecundity but lowest early development performances. Majalaya carp had the best survival and growth rates in nursery phase.
- During culture period, sinyonya carp had the highest fillet percentage and protein content but lowest total number of muscular bones and lipid content.
This document summarizes a research study that investigated the effects of feeding the algae Spirulina to the freshwater fish Heteropneustes fossilis. The study examined levels of alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase in the liver and muscle tissues of the fish over 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after being fed Spirulina. The results showed decreasing levels of both enzymes in the treatment fish compared to the control fish, indicating that Spirulina feeding lowered phosphatase activity in the tissues. The decrease was greater in muscle than liver. This suggests Spirulina helped regulate secretory functions and normalize biochemical parameters in the fish.
Comparison of Growth and Development of Pleurotus florida against Wastes fr...Dr. siddhant
Two wastes from animal origin, viz., human hairs and egg shells were evaluated for different manifestations of white oyster mushroom, Pleurotus florida. The mushroom utilized both the substrates for their growth and sporophore formation. The mycelial growth was significantly (P=0.05) faster on egg shell (18 days) as compared to human hair (23 days). The crop of mushroom was harvested in four flushes where human hairs showed higher yield and biological efficiency of mushroom (165gm, 33%) than egg shells (155gm, 31%), respectively. In respect of yield parameters such as yield, biological efficiency, number of mushroom fruit bodies and average weight of sporophores, both the substrates were statistically at par to each other. Utilization of human hairs and egg shells by P. florida reveals a new strategy for mycoremediation of these wastes.
This document studied the effects of deer velvet extract from Formosan sika deer on mouse embryonic development and anti-oxidative enzyme expression. Mouse 4-cell embryos were divided into groups and cultured with different concentrations of deer velvet extract or hydrogen peroxide. Embryonic development stages were observed every 12 hours over 72 hours of incubation. The deer velvet extract promoted embryonic development and maintained blastocyst development rates similar to the control when embryos were challenged with hydrogen peroxide. Gene expression of anti-oxidative enzymes in blastocysts was not significantly different between deer velvet treatment groups. The deer velvet extract thus relieved oxidative stress on embryos and supported blastocyst development in vitro.
This document studied the effects of deer velvet extract from Formosan sika deer on mouse embryonic development and anti-oxidative enzyme expression. Mouse 4-cell embryos were divided into groups and cultured with different concentrations of deer velvet extract or hydrogen peroxide. Embryonic development stages were observed every 12 hours over 72 hours of incubation. The deer velvet extract promoted embryonic development and maintained blastocyst development rates similar to the control when embryos were challenged with hydrogen peroxide. Gene expression of anti-oxidative enzymes in blastocysts was not significantly different between deer velvet treatment groups. The deer velvet extract thus relieved oxidative stress on embryos and supported blastocyst development in vitro.
Comparison of Growth and Development of Pleurotus florida against Wastes from...Dr. siddhant
Two wastes from animal origin, viz., human hairs and egg shells were evaluated for different manifestations of white oyster mushroom, Pleurotus florida. The mushroom utilized both the
substrates for their growth and sporophore formation. The mycelial growth was significantly (P=0.05) faster on egg shell (18 days) as compared to human hair (23 days). The crop of mushroom was harvested in four flushes where human hairs showed higher yield and biological efficiency of mushroom (165 gm, 33%) than egg shells (155 gm, 31%), respectively. In respect of yield parameters such as yield, biological efficiency, number of mushroom fruit bodies and average weight of
sporophores, both the substrates were statistically at par to each other. Utilization of human hairs egg shells by P. florida reveals a new strategy for mycoremediation of these wastes.
An experimental study was carried over a
period of 42 days using 160 day-old commercial broiler chicks
(Ven Cobb) to study the effect of copper and flavomycin as feed
additives on growth performance in broiler chicken. The birds
were divided into four groups with four replicates of ten chicks in
each replicate. The treatment (T1) was control with standard
broiler ration and Cu as CuSO4 at 100 ppm, 200 ppm and
flavomycin at 10 ppm were supplemented in the basal diet to
form treatment 2 (T2), treatment 3 (T3) and treatment 4 (T4)
respectively.
The chemical composition of T1, T2, T3 and T4 rations
contained 15.43, 106.49, 212.54 and 18.69 ppm of Cu in broiler
starter and 12.67, 101.13, 202.72 and 20.20 ppm of Cu in broiler
finisher, respectively. The results of the present study revealed
that the supplementation of Cu as CuSO4 (100 and 200 ppm) or
flavomycin (10 ppm) showed no significant difference among the
treatment groups with regard to the feed consumption, body
weight gain and feed conversion ratio up to six weeks of age. The
carcass weight, slaughter weight, dressing percentage and giblet
yield were not influenced by dietary supplementation of either
Cu or flavomycin. It was concluded that dietary supplementation
of broiler chicken with Cu up to 200 ppm and flavomycin at 10
ppm did not have any adverse effect on production performance
of broiler chicken.
Study on Production Performance and Economic Benefits between Mixed-sex and M...Premier Publishers
The study was conducted to assess the comparison at the production performance and profitability between mixed-sex and mono-sex tilapia reared in cage culture. The experiment was carried out with two treatments and each was represented by six replicates for a period of 99 days in 12 cages each with the size of 1.5m3 (1.5m×1m×1m) situated in a pond. In the first treatment, six cages of mixed-sex tilapia and in the second treatment, 6 cages of mono-sex male tilapia were stocked. After 99 days of the culture period, mono-sex tilapia attained a significantly higher mean final weight of 189.67 gm ± 19.142 in comparison to mixed-sex tilapia which was 167.15 gm ± 13.297. However, there was no significant difference in food conversion ratio, specific growth rate, and survival rate between the treatments at the end of the study. The benefit-cost ratio was calculated as 1.47:1 and 1.59:1 for mixed-sex and mono-sex male tilapia respectively. The study revealed that there was no significant difference in individual weight, biomass, and the gross yield of tilapia between two treatments up to 72 days of the culture period. The comparative study suggested that within 2.5 months of the culture period, mixed-sex tilapia can be cultured successfully and could be used as an alternative source to the general people who usually avoid the consumption of hormone-treated fish.
Hematological indices of clarias griepinus (burchell, 1882) fingerlings fed d...Alexander Decker
This study investigated the effect of graded levels of calabash seed meal on the hematological parameters of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. Five iso-nitrogenous diets containing 0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60% calabash seed meal were fed to groups of C. gariepinus for 56 days. The results showed no clear trend in hematological indices among the treatment groups. However, fish fed the highest level (60%) had significantly lower packed cell volume, hemoglobin, red blood cells, and mean cell volume compared to the control. White blood cells and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were significantly higher at the 60% inclusion level. The study concluded that C. gari
Effect of feeding management of broodstock on breeding performance of bata (L...AbdullaAlAsif1
Labeo bata is one of the important minor carps in Bangladesh with great demand as good table fish. The study was conducted to observe the breeding performance at different management practices in Mafatema, Rupali, Modhumoti and Anan fish hatchery and disinfection treatments of water, eggs and fry in Jessore, Bangladesh during 10 March 2014 to 15 May 2015. An improvement in broodstock nutrition and feeding has been shown to greatly improve seed production. Protein and lipid percentage of broodstock diet have been identified as major dietary factors. Protein level was 24.77%, 23.47%, 18.08%, 17.78% and lipid level was 11.07%, 9.50%, 7.74%, 8.14% in Mafatema, Rupali, Modhumoti and Anan fish hatchery respectively. Three concentrations of four chemical-formalin (10, 20, 30 mg/L), malachite green (1, 3, 5 mg/L), NaCl (1, 2, 3 g/L) and methylene blue ( 1, 3, 5 mg/L) treatment regimes and a control were compared for efficacy in treating L. bata eggs to prevent fungus and bacterial infection and improve hatch and survival rate of fry. Highest correlation value between absolute fecundity and body weight (r=.938, p<.05) and total length (r=.891, p<.05) and gonadosomatic index (26.2%) were found in Mafatema fish hatchery among four experimental hatcheries at 24.77% protein and 11.07% lipid level. Better fertilization rate (84.2±5.17%) and hatching rate (82.0±4.30%) were found in Mafatema and Rupali fish hatchery respectively that has significant difference (P<0.05) from that of Modhumoti and Anan fish hatchery at higher protein and lipid level. Lowest deformity rate (6.05+2.65) was observed in Mafatema fish hatchery that was significantly different (P<0.05) from that of Modhumoti fish hatchery. In case of disinfection treatment, methylene blue at 1mg/L bath treatment daily for 4 days showed significantly higher hatching rate (92.33±3.51%) and survival rate (94.33±4.73%).
36.Effect of juvenile hormone on enhanced silk production in Bombyx moriAnnadurai B
The document summarizes research on the effect of juvenile hormone on silk production in Bombyx mori (silkworm). It screened 24 juvenile hormone mimic compounds applied to silkworms at different time periods and concentrations. Several compounds were found to improve economic traits like cocoon weight and shell weight. Specifically, compounds NL-13 and NL-24 increased cocoon weight by 13.22% and shell weight by 23.70% when applied at 5 ppm 48 hours into the 5th instar. Compounds BK and BPE also improved traits like larval weight, cocoon weight, and shell weight up to 22% when applied at certain concentrations and times. The research aims to identify compounds that can enhance
Evaluation of the Biochemical Composition of Four Marine Algae and Its Nutrit...IOSR Journals
Microalgae are utilized in aquaculture as a live feed for the crustaceans, ablone, zooplanktons, etc. The present study was aimed to examine the nutritional status of Artemia sp. nauplii enriched with four different algal sources namely Chaetoceros calcitrans, Skeletonema coastaum, Duniella salina & D. bardawil and also the amount of beta-carotene assimilated when enriched with the two green algae. Artemia sp. nauplii enriched with D. salina showed high amounts of protein and carbohydrate, whereas Artemia sp. fed with Chaetoceros calcitrans showed high amounts of lipid. The protein profile of Artemia sp. enriched with different algal sources did not show prominent differences in the polypeptide bands. However, high amount of beta-carotene was assimilated in Artemia sp. nauplii when enriched with D. salina. Hence this study showed that the microalgae D. salina can be used as a potential feed to improve the nutritional status of Artemia sp. nauplii.
Influence of Different Levels of Adsorbent “Vitacorm Reo-M” on the Morphologi...IJAEMSJORNAL
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of different levels of an adsorbent additive called "Vitacorm REO-M" on the growth, hematology, and serum biochemistry of pigs. Forty pigs were divided into four groups: a control group and three experimental groups that received the additive at levels of 2, 4, and 6 kg per ton of feed. Results showed that pigs receiving 4 kg per ton of feed had the highest average daily weight gain and overall body weight. Blood tests found increases in red blood cells and leukocytes in the experimental groups compared to the control. The group receiving 4 kg also had the highest levels of total protein and indicators within normal ranges for AST and ALT, suggesting
1) The study investigated the effects of supplementing the diet of Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies) with starch extracted from three cassava varieties on their behavior, reproduction, and oxidative status.
2) Results showed that flies fed diets supplemented with starch from two of the cassava varieties (TMS 30572 and local sweet cassava) had higher survival rates and faster recovery from chill-induced coma compared to flies fed normal diet or diet supplemented with starch from the third variety (TMS 92/0326).
3) Flies fed the starch-supplemented diets also had greater egg to adult viability and higher antioxidant enzyme activities, suggesting the starch provided a protective effect against oxidative stress.
The document summarizes a study on the effect of two fungicides, mancozeb and ridomil MZ, on the growth and development of Spodoptera litura. The study found that both fungicides significantly influenced the development of S. litura in a concentration-dependent manner. Higher concentrations of the fungicides resulted in a prolonged larval period, reduced pupation percentage and adult emergence, and decreased growth and success indices. Specifically, mancozeb at 2000ppm led to a maximum larval period of 20.33 days and pupation percentage of 30%, while ridomil MZ at 1000ppm caused a larval period of 17 days and pupation of only 10%. The study
Ciprofloxacin resideu and their impact on Biomolecules n eggs of laying hens ...Sayed Koushik Ahamed
I have done this research on eggs for the welfare of mankind now i want to share my article for social awareness. I hope it will helps all researchers for their future further research.
Thank You
Ovarian development in Cosmopolites sordidus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)IOSRJAVS
This study was undertaken to determine the ovarian development of banana weevils. Results indicated that female banana weevils have a meroistic and telotrophic ovariole. Four (4) stages of ovarian development were observed. Newly emerged females belonged to stage I, characterized by virtual absence of oocytes in female germarium; while fully mature adult females belonged to stage IV, characterized by the presence of mature, chorionated eggs in female calyces. The intermediate stages II and III were characterized by presence of small, undeveloped oocytes, and presence of developed but non-chorionated oocytes in the vitellarium of female ovarioles, respectively. The preoviposition period in this insect was found to range between 27 and 41 DAE and egg-loads in calyces ranged from 2 to 11. All females at ovarian stage IV (i.e. ages 25 DAE and above) were found to have mated, and were ready for ovulation and oviposition. Monitoring the reproductive phenology of crop pests may be helpful for predicting (forecasting) potential outbreaks. it could also aptly guide the timing of control options, and also aid varietal screening works. Field samplings that result in heavy female populations and with predominant numbers at final stages of ovarian development, may be a danger signal that should trigger instant interventions
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
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journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals
This study evaluated the effects of different dietary taurine levels on the growth, feed utilization, body composition, and amino acid profiles of Nile tilapia larvae. Larvae were fed diets with 0, 5, 10, or 15 g/kg of taurine for 60 days. Growth rates and feed efficiency improved with increasing taurine up to 10 g/kg but decreased at 15 g/kg. Maximum larval performance occurred at around 9.7 g/kg taurine. Higher taurine led to lower survival. Body protein increased and moisture/ash decreased with up to 10 g/kg taurine but decreased further at 15 g/kg. Lipids were unaffected. Several amino acids
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS OF THREE COMMON CARP (Cyprinus carpio...Repository Ipb
- The document analyzes quantitative and qualitative characteristics of three common carp strains in Indonesia: mirror carp, majalaya carp, and sinyonya carp.
- Sinyonya carp had the highest fecundity but lowest early development performances. Majalaya carp had the best survival and growth rates in nursery phase.
- During culture period, sinyonya carp had the highest fillet percentage and protein content but lowest total number of muscular bones and lipid content.
This document summarizes a research study that investigated the effects of feeding the algae Spirulina to the freshwater fish Heteropneustes fossilis. The study examined levels of alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase in the liver and muscle tissues of the fish over 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after being fed Spirulina. The results showed decreasing levels of both enzymes in the treatment fish compared to the control fish, indicating that Spirulina feeding lowered phosphatase activity in the tissues. The decrease was greater in muscle than liver. This suggests Spirulina helped regulate secretory functions and normalize biochemical parameters in the fish.
ALPHA LOGARITHM TRANSFORMED SEMI LOGISTIC DISTRIBUTION USING MAXIMUM LIKELIH...BRNSS Publication Hub
The document discusses the alpha logarithm transformed semi-logistic distribution and its maximum likelihood estimation method. It introduces the distribution, provides its probability density function and cumulative distribution function. It then describes generating random numbers from the distribution and outlines the maximum likelihood estimation method to estimate the distribution's unknown parameters. This involves deriving the likelihood function and taking its partial derivatives to obtain equations that are set to zero and solved to find maximum likelihood estimates of the location, scale, and shape parameters.
AN ASSESSMENT ON THE SPLIT AND NON-SPLIT DOMINATION NUMBER OF TENEMENT GRAPHSBRNSS Publication Hub
This document summarizes research on the split and non-split domination numbers of tenement graphs. It defines tenement graphs and provides basic definitions of domination, split domination, and non-split domination. Formulas for the split and non-split domination numbers of tenement graphs are presented based on the number of vertices. Theorems are presented stating that the mid vertex set of a tenement graph is always a split dominating set, but its size is not always equal to the split domination number.
This document summarizes research on generalized Cantor sets and functions where the standard construction is modified. It introduces Cantor sets defined by an arbitrary base where the intervals removed at each stage are not all the same length. It also defines irregular or transcendental Cantor sets generated by transcendental numbers like e. The key findings are:
1) There exists a unique probability measure for generalized Cantor sets that generates the cumulative distribution function.
2) The Holder exponent of generalized Cantor sets is shown to be logn/s where n is the base and s is the number of subintervals.
3) Lower and upper densities are defined for the measure on generalized Cantor functions and their properties are
SYMMETRIC BILINEAR CRYPTOGRAPHY ON ELLIPTIC CURVE AND LIE ALGEBRABRNSS Publication Hub
1) The document discusses symmetric bilinear pairings on elliptic curves and Lie algebras in the context of cryptography. It provides an overview of the theoretical foundations and applications of combining these areas.
2) Key concepts covered include the Weil pairing as a symmetric bilinear pairing on elliptic curves, its properties of bilinearity and non-degeneracy, and efficient computation. Applications of elliptic curves in cryptography like ECDH and ECDSA are also summarized.
3) The security of protocols like ECDH and ECDSA relies on the assumed difficulty of solving the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem (ECDLP). The document proves various mathematical aspects behind symmetric bilinear pairings and their use in elliptic curve cryptography.
SUITABILITY OF COINTEGRATION TESTS ON DATA STRUCTURE OF DIFFERENT ORDERSBRNSS Publication Hub
This document summarizes research investigating the suitability of cointegration tests on time series data of different orders. The researchers used simulated time series data from normal and gamma distributions at sample sizes of 30, 60, and 90. Three cointegration tests (Engle-Granger, Johansen, and Phillips-Ouliaris) were applied to the data. The tests were assessed based on type 1 error rates and power to determine which test was most robust for different distributions and sample sizes. The results indicated the Phillips-Ouliaris test was generally the most effective at determining cointegration across different sample sizes and distributions.
Artificial Intelligence: A Manifested Leap in Psychiatric RehabilitationBRNSS Publication Hub
Artificial intelligence shows promise in improving psychiatric rehabilitation in 3 key ways:
1) AI can help diagnose and treat mental health issues through virtual therapists and chatbots, improving access and reducing stigma.
2) Technologies like machine learning and big data allow personalized interventions and more accurate diagnoses.
3) The COVID-19 pandemic has increased need for mental health support, and AI may help address gaps by providing remote services.
A Review on Polyherbal Formulations and Herbal Medicine for Management of Ul...BRNSS Publication Hub
This document provides a review of polyherbal formulations and herbal medicines for treating peptic ulcers. It discusses how peptic ulcers occur due to an imbalance between aggressive and protective factors in the gastrointestinal tract. Common causes include H. pylori infection and NSAID use. While synthetic medications are available, herbal supplements are more affordable and have fewer side effects. The review examines various herbs that have traditionally been used to treat ulcers, including their active chemical constituents. It defines polyherbal formulations as combinations of two or more herbs, which can enhance therapeutic effects while reducing toxicity. The document aims to summarize recent research on herb and polyherbal formulation treatments for peptic ulcers.
Current Trends in Treatments and Targets of Neglected Tropical DiseaseBRNSS Publication Hub
This document summarizes current trends in treatments and targets of neglected tropical diseases. It begins by stating that neglected tropical diseases affect over 1.7 billion people globally each year and are caused by a variety of microbes. The World Health Organization is working to eliminate 30 neglected tropical diseases by 2030. The document then discusses several specific neglected tropical diseases in more detail, including human African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, soil-transmitted helminths, and schistosomiasis. It describes the causative agents, transmission methods, symptoms, affected populations, and current treatment options for each of these diseases. Overall, the document aims to briefly discuss neglected infectious diseases and treatment
Evaluation of Cordia Dichotoma gum as A Potent Excipient for the Formulation ...BRNSS Publication Hub
This document summarizes a study that evaluated Cordia dichotoma gum as an excipient for oral thin film drug delivery. Films were prepared with varying ratios of the gum, plasticizers (methyl paraben and glycerine), and the model drug diclofenac sodium. The films were evaluated for properties like thickness, folding endurance, tensile strength, water uptake, and drug release kinetics. The results found that a film with 10% gum, 0.2% methyl paraben and 2.5% glycerine (CDF3) exhibited the best results among the formulations tested. Stability studies showed the films were stable for 30 days at different temperatures. Overall, the study demonstrated that C.
Assessment of Medication Adherence Pattern for Patients with Chronic Diseases...BRNSS Publication Hub
This study assessed medication adherence and knowledge among rural patients with chronic diseases in South Indian hospitals. 1500 hypertensive patients were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received education from pharmacists at various times, while the control group did not. A questionnaire evaluated patients' medication knowledge at baseline and several follow-ups. The intervention group showed improved medication knowledge scores after education compared to the control group. Female gender, lower education, and income were linked to lower knowledge. The study highlights the need to educate rural patients to improve medication understanding and adherence.
This document proposes a system to hide information using four algorithms for image steganography. The system first encrypts data using a modified AES algorithm. It then encrypts the encrypted data using a modified RSA algorithm. Next, it uses a fuzzy stream algorithm to add ambiguity. Finally, it hides the encrypted data in the least significant bits of cover images using LSB steganography. The document evaluates the proposed system using metrics like PSNR, MSE, and SSIM to analyze image quality and the ability to hide data imperceptibly compared to other techniques. It selects four color images as cover files and tests the system on them.
The document discusses Goldbach's problems and their solutions. It summarizes that the ternary Goldbach problem, which states that every odd number greater than 7 can be represented as the sum of three odd primes, was solved in 2013. It also discusses Ramare's 1995 proof that any even number can be represented as the sum of no more than 6 primes. The document then provides proofs for theorems related to representing numbers as sums of primes and concludes there are an infinite number of twin primes.
The document summarizes research on k-super contra harmonic mean labeling of graphs. It defines k-super Lehmer-3 mean labeling of a graph as an injective vertex labeling such that the induced edge labels satisfy certain properties. It proves that several families of graphs admit k-super Lehmer-3 mean labeling for any positive integer k, including triangular snakes, double triangular snakes, alternative triangular snakes, quadrilateral snakes, and alternative quadrilateral snakes. The document introduces the concept of k-super Lehmer-3 mean labeling and investigates this property for these families of graphs.
The document summarizes research on using various iterative schemes to solve fixed-point problems and inequalities involving self-mappings and contractions in Banach spaces. It defines concepts like non-expansive mappings, mean non-expansive mappings, and rates of convergence. The paper presents two theorems: 1) an iterative scheme for a sequence involving a self-mapping T is shown to converge to a fixed point of T, and 2) an iterative process involving a self-contraction mapping T is defined and shown to converge. Limiting cases are considered to prove convergence as the number of iterations approaches infinity.
This document summarizes research on analyzing and simulating the accuracy and stability of closed-loop control systems. It discusses various techniques for evaluating accuracy and stability, including steady-state error analysis, stability analysis, and simulation. Factors that can affect accuracy and stability are also identified, such as sensor noise, model inaccuracies, and environmental disturbances. The paper provides an overview of closed-loop control systems and their uses in various engineering fields like manufacturing, chemical processes, vehicles, aircraft, and power systems.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
2. Ananthakrishnasamy, et al.: Glucono-galacto-gluconate on certain developmental and in bombyx mori (L)
IJPSCR/Jan-Mar-2021/Vol 1/Issue 1 23
However, silkworm larvae fed with magnesium
sprayed leaves tended to give better cocoon yield
and cocoon weight as compared to control.[6]
Furthermore, to increase the silk yield, efforts
were made to study the effects of temperature,
light, photoperiod, X-rays, gamma rays, and
artificial diets and amino acids on the development
of the silkworm B. mori. Calcium, in general, is
reported to have role in body homeostasis, cellular
function, control of sodium permeability, and
heart functioning. It is also evident that calcium
level changes have impact on lethargy, anorexia,
weakness, muscular hypotonia, nausea, vomiting,
and constipation of animals at large.[7]
In insects, the process of growth and development
is regulated by circulating hormones, namely,
prothoracicotropic hormone juvenile hormone
and ecdysone which greatly and directly,
manifest the phenomenon of molting and
metamorphosis. The pattern of insect development
can be regulated artificially to a certain extent by
exogenous administration of some mimics and
analogues.[8]
Several researchers have contributed
much informations on fortification, through
artificial diet and disclosed the positive response
with good correlation.
Adoption of new technologies in sericulture happens
to be inevitable as to make the enterprise more
productive. This long run objective of making the
enterprise promising calls for concern of various
agencies such as researchers and farm management
specialists extension personnel for their contribution
at full strength. Technology in sericulture is changing
at an increasing rate which is being noticed through
the improvement in the levels of productivity.
However, there still exists a notable gap in their
diffusionatthefieldlevel.Thisemanatesasaresultof
various factors such as physical, social, economical,
psychological, and biological. Over the period,
diffusion of sericulture technologies at the farmer
level has been a great challenge for the extension
personnel, who are working on it constantly.
Keeping this in view, an attempt was made to screen
some of the pharmaceutical compounds, to check
their effects on silkworm growth, development, and
silk yield. The calcium gluconate (CG) was selected
out of such compounds screened for the purpose.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The diseases free laying (NB4D2X PM and
PMXNB4D2) were obtained from NSSP through
state sericulture department. The polyvoltine
silkworms, reared in the laboratory following the
improvedmethodsofsilkwormrearing,[9]
wereused
in the present work. The worms were maintained on
fresh Kanva-2 (K2) Mulberry leaves. Worms were
fed 4 time a day at 26 ± 1°C, 12L:12D photoperiod,
and a suitable humidity (RH75%) for each instars,
respectively. The second, third, fourth, and fifth
instars larvae were grouped into four experimental
groups and one control group; each consisting of
50 worms of three replicates.
CG, a mxture of calcium salt, and D-Gluconic acid
(2,3,4,5,6- pentahydroxy caproic acid) (calium
glucono-galacto gluconate) obtained from Novartis
were first dissolved separately in a double distilled
water and then diluted to 1%, 2% 3% and 6%.
The dilution was done in distilled water keeping
in view of its easy and practical use in sericulture.
Freshly, collected leaves were soaked in the
respective dilutions of CG and air dried. Each time
after soaking the leaves, the used dilutions were
disposed off. Distilled water treated control was
maintained for each experimental group and for
all the experimental groups, a common untreated
control group was also maintained.
After treatment, the pre-cocooning parameters
such as the larval duration and larval weight and
post-cocooning parameter such as cocoon weight
and cocooning percentage were studied. The
observations on larval and cocoon characters were
recorded as per the procedure adopted in CSRTI,
Mysore. Mean values of the results are given. Each
mean value is the average reading from 10 worms.
The larval duration and larval weight were taken
at the end of the last larval phase. The experiments
were designed by randomized block design. The
data collected were subjected to one-way analysis
of variance test to find out the significance between
the corresponding parameters of the treated and
untreated groups.
The percent index value was calculated for each
parameter of the experimental groups over the
corresponding parameter of the untreated controls.
3. Ananthakrishnasamy, et al.: Glucono-galacto-gluconate on certain developmental and in bombyx mori (L)
IJPSCR/Jan-Mar-2021/Vol 1/Issue 1 24
RESULTS
The influence of amalgamation of calcium salt and
D-Gluconate application on mulberry leaf while
feeding silkworm, B. mori L in different instars
phases, had been studied here and the results
with regard to alone are given here in this text
for analysis. (A) Larval duration (hours)-Table 1;
(b) larval weight (V Instar) – Table 2; (c) cocoon
weight (post-harvest pre marketing) – Table 3; and
(d) cocooning percentage –Table 4.
Larval duration
Over the entire study, the larval duration in hours
was ranging from 610 ± 3 (minimum) to 648 ± 3
(treated) and 646 ± 11 (Control). Universally in all
cases, in all the treated groups, the larval duration
was found to exhibit an oscillating trend. Out of
four groups and four treatments III and IV instar
(Combined) treated, silkworms groups alone reveal
a rapid growth rate (610 ± 3 h) over the control
(646 ± 11 h).
Larval weight (V INSTAR)
Out of the observations made in four different
schedules on four different groups 2%, 3%, and
6% subjected worms of III and IV instar combined
treatment exhibit an encouraging trend. Larval
weight is one of the positive economic parameter
that has a say on all other follow-up economic
characteristic. Here, in the total study, the larval
weight ranges from 1.463 ± 0.096 g (minimum)
to 3.982 ± 0.081 g (maximum). The control group
worms show only 1.596 ± 0.099 g. However, in all
the treatments, a correlatory increases depending
on the concentration of CG was evident. Out
of various instars treated, III and IV combined
treatment groups reveal a highest response over
other best (IV and V combined).
Cocoon weight
Amongst the various concentrations on various
developmental phases, the CG response on the
weight of cocoon (post-harvest and pre-market
phase) is crystal clear with respect to all the 6%
Table 1: Impact of calcium gluconate on the larval
duration (h) under different treatment schedules
Groups/
Treatment
Treatment given at instars
II alone III and IV IV and V V alone
1% 630±12 624±9 629±6 648±3
2% 632±8 620±6 628±4 644±6
3% 627±5 618±3 624±4 640±7
6% 621±4 610±3 620±6 632±5
Control 646±11 646±11 646±11 646±11
The values are the mean±SD of 5 observations
Table 2: Impact of calcium gluconate on larval weight
(pre-mounting) under different treatment schedules
Groups/
treatment
Treatment given at instars
II alone III and IV IV and V V alone
1% 1.463±0.096 1.476±0.132 1.657±0.201 1.481±0.162
2% 1.631±0.121 3.502±0.142 2.063±0.192 1.811±0.201
3% 1.639±0.108 3.704±0.124 2.671±0.134 1.863±0.191
6% 1.845±0.092 3.982±0.081 2.777±0.99 1.889±0.084
Control 1.596±0.099 1.596±0.099 1.596±0.099 1.596±0.099
The values are the mean±SD of five observations
Table 3: Impact of calcium gluconate on cocoon weight
(5th
day) under different treatment schedules
Groups/
treatment
Treatment given at instars
II alone III and IV IV and V V alone
1% 1.042±0.194 1.128±0.181 1.303±0.148 1.028±0.199
2% 1.271±0.089 1.886±0.121 1.532±0.181 1.161±0.136
3% 1.434±0.146 1.941±0.133 1.723±0.102 1.593±0.164
6% 1.689±0.126 1.984±0.012 1.811±0.098 1.791±0.13
Control 1.192±0.084 1.192±0.084 1.192±0.084 1.192±0.084
The values are the mean±SD of five observations
Table 4: Impact of calcium gluconate on cocooning
percentage under different treatment schedules
Groups/
treatment
Treatment given at instars
II alone III and IV IV and V V alone
1% 88±2 84±6 88±2 86±4
2% 85±2 85±5 89±1 88±1
3% 88±2 92±2 90±2 89±1
6% 89±3 96±2 91±1 89±2
Control 81±9 81±9 81±9 81±9
The values are the mean±SD of five observations
treatment worms. Similar is to the 2% and 3%
treatment groups in III and IV instar combined
treated worms. However, the range of cocoon
weight is 1.028 ± 0.199 g (minimum) and 1.984
± 0.112 g (control) is 1.192 ± 0.084 g. The dose
response of the given treatment over the cocoon
weight is strongly evident from the data obtained.
4. Ananthakrishnasamy, et al.: Glucono-galacto-gluconate on certain developmental and in bombyx mori (L)
IJPSCR/Jan-Mar-2021/Vol 1/Issue 1 25
Cocooning percentage
Leaving alone the other parameters, the cocooning
percentage is a paramount factor and is being
a primary concern for sericulture farmer; this
feature has been studied with utmost care. In
spite of very many efforts put forth by R and D
ventures, the sericulture performers still at times
could not achieve cent percent cocoon from all the
worms reared. Hence, with the possible hope of
getting high cocooning percentage, this calcium-
glucono-galato-gluconate had been used. In this
treatment, a correlatory results are evident, in all
the groups and treatments. However, the cocooning
percentage ranges from 81 ±9 (Control minimum)
to 96 ± 2 (treated maximum). It is similar to earlier
other parameters, studied that only in III and IV
instar combined treatment, the response is done
dependent.
DISCUSSION
Calcium like many other inorganic elements in
biological systems has during the last decade
become the subject of much attention both by
scientists and by the general public. Calcium ions
are central to a complex intracellular messenger
system that is mediating a wide range of biological
processes;musclecontraction,secretion,glycolysis,
and gluconeogenesis, ion transport, cell division,
and growth. As on today, with wide variety of
role of calcium, it is considered as “Biomineral”.
All living organisms need calcium which must be
taken up from the environment. Thus, calcium ions
have to be distributed throughout.[10]
With this in
view, calcium role in the development of silkworm
has been chosen for study. The uptake of calcium
from food has mostly been studied in typical
laboratory animals such as rats, hamsters, chickens,
and humans. As it is lacking in the insect group,
especially in silkworm, the present approach has
been chosen for the study. The uptake of calcium
occurs in the intestine and transport is regulated by
a metabolite of Vitamin D and calcitriol (1,2,5 –
dinydroxy Vitamin D3). To maintain homeostasis
and keep, the calcium level in blood plasma
constant excess calcium is excreted. The main
factor controlling this phenomenon (invertebrates)
is the levels of the parathyroid hormone that acts on
kidney and bone and indirectly through stimulated
production of calcitriol, on the intestinal tract,
calcium is almost an universal regulator of cellular
function in stimulating the silk gland ells that
duplicate fastlly at the later part of the larval phase.
In the present work, when calcium is given at
various stages (individually and combined), the III
and IV instar treatments have tremendous effect on
the chosen parameters. To influence the cellular
machinery, the calcium ion must interact with
different proteins, intracellular calcium receptors,
and calmodulin. Calmodulin is a small acidic
protein. The binding of calcium to calmodulin is
quite likely cooperative denote that the switch from
inactive to active confirmation over a much more
narrow calcium concentration. Calcium, along
with iron, silicon, and the alkaline earth metals, is
an important constituent of mineralized biological
tissues. The formation of calcified biominerals is a
highly regulated process.
Although the number of instars in many species
of insects is generally fixed, larval growth and
development are modified by environmental
and certain physic-chemical inductions leading
either to precocious metamorphosis or to super
numeracy larval molts. In the silkworm, B. mori
precocious metamorphosis could by induced by
manipulating external factors such as temperature
and moisture.[11]
During the growth of the silk
glands in the fifth instar larvae, the principal sugar
trehalose accumulates and attains its maximum
level just before spinning of the cocoon.[12]
Food is a factor paramount importance which
regulates growth reproduction and diversity, of
animals in nature. The quantity, rate, and quality of
food consumed by insect larvae have great bearing
on survival, growth rate, developmental duration,
and final body weight. The quantity of food
consumed directly or indirectly, which influences
the digestibility and conversion efficiency. Food
ingestion, digestibility, and growth in the larval
stage are interrelated. Characters such as health,
survival, and cocoon quality are influenced by the
quantum of mulberry fed to the silkworm larvae.
The correlations of ingest to body weight gain
against cocoon weight, shell weight, and fecundity
5. Ananthakrishnasamy, et al.: Glucono-galacto-gluconate on certain developmental and in bombyx mori (L)
IJPSCR/Jan-Mar-2021/Vol 1/Issue 1 26
are highly significant and positive.[13]
Similar
is the trend exhibited in the present work in all
parameters studied. The quantum of leaf fed to
V instar larvae has direct relationship on growth
and development and also on cocoon characters.
However, this feature with the application of CG is
not evident in any of the parameters.
Larval duration and larval weight
Duration of larval phase depends on many factors
(both extrinsic and intrinsic). One among the
intrinsic factors is food and its constituents. The
calcium plays predominant role in the metabolism
of most biological systems. The reduced larval
phase may be due to hastened activity of calcium
and the hormones responsible for molting of the
inset. The possibility exist is the strong interaction
of calcium with the metabolic products and enzyme
machinery which helps in early conclusion of larval
phase. In the third and fourth instar combined
treatment group (at 6% concentration). Further,
in this group, a dose-dependent deviation was
observed. However, it is not that much reduction,
in larval duration. The reason attributed with
available review of the literature is that both the
earlier and late feeding of calcium have less impact
when compared to III and IV combined. However,
in IV and V combined treatment, the value is close
to III and IV combined. The value attributed to
it is that perhaps IV instar may be an appropriate
respondent phase to calcium to act.
Besides the calcium, the D-Gluconic acid is
found to have strong impact on metabolic system,
especially in carbohydrate metabolism in to with
the intermediary metabolic tool the ingested food
might have metabolized and diverted to large
scale assimilation, which might be the reason for
gorgeous weight increase with reference to III and
IV instar combined treatment group. A correlatory
response with increase in dose of CG a similar type
of enhancement has been reported.[14]
The increment in weight of larva is attributed
both to tissue gorgeousness as well as silk gland
enlargement. However, with the observed data on
weight of IV instar too (not projected), it is evident
that the body tissue weight increment is found to
be more as the silk gland gorgeousness which is
predominant at final instar only. From the observed
data on larval weight, the II and V instar treated
independent groups did not exhibit any significant
increase in larval weight i.e. 10845 (II instar)
and 1.889 (V instar) against 3.982 g (III and IV
combined trated). There is also close correlation
exist between larval duration and larval weight,
with regard to enhanced stimulus of calcium over
duration and weight of larva. With decreased
larval phase, if there is increased larval weight, it
indicates the metabolic trigger with reference to
carbohydrates, protein, and lipid metabolism as
a whole toward tissue development and animal
weight: Caused by calcium and D. gluconic acid.
Similar type of response was reported with regard
to mobilization of metabolites.
Cocoon weight and cocooning percentage
India being the second largest producer of silk in the
world contributes to 19% of global silk production.
More than 90% of silk produced in India is by
multivoltine X bivoltine hybrid, popularly known
as cross breed. One of the goals of silkworm
breeding is to produce superior hybrid progeny.
As a result, it is pertinent to raise methods of
promoting cocoon weight. One such measure by R
and D is by fortification and amendment studies to
see, the possible impact on cocoon weight. Herein,
the cocoon weight is found to be influenced by CG
application while feeding silk worms. It is nature by
rule or law that the weight increases in larval phase
at V instar denote the gorgeousness of silkworm
silk gland weight. Especially in the V instar, its
index is evident in 6% treatment with reference to
III and IV combined treated groups, it was 1.984
±0.012 g. Similar to cocoon weight percentage of
worms reaching, the successful harvestable cocoon
is one of the paramount feature, and a factor to be
considered primarily by sericulture farmers. With
the sufficient positive response of calcium glucono
galacto gluconates in the previous parameters, the
achievements of all larva to become cocoon are also
found to have correlatory results. The sericulture
farmer cannot afford to lose his worms to be away
from cocoon nesting. Due to circumstantial factors,
6. Ananthakrishnasamy, et al.: Glucono-galacto-gluconate on certain developmental and in bombyx mori (L)
IJPSCR/Jan-Mar-2021/Vol 1/Issue 1 27
the cocooning percentage is found to be largely
affected, few to mention are the silk secretion and
ejection, muscle tone capacity, conversion and
assimilation efficiency, and general activity of the
silk worm. Herein, the work carried out a strong
note is observed with reference to 6% treatment
groups over the others (i.e., 96 ± 2). Moreover, CG
being a component of having composite activity in
controlling metabolism in a broad spectrum must
be responsible for this higher percentage. A similar
type of report is available for review to show the
cocooning percentage.[1]
It is concluded that the rearing of silkworm with
calcium supplementation along with D-gluconic
acid found is to have a positive response ion the
economic parameters of B. mori.
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