The document discusses various biomass and biofuel technologies including:
1. Biomass is used today for industrial heat/steam, power generation, and transportation fuels like ethanol and biodiesel to modestly reduce fossil fuel use.
2. Technologies focus on sugar and thermochemical platforms to produce fuels, power, and chemicals from biomass at bio-refineries similar to petroleum refineries.
3. Biofuels discussed include biodiesel from oils, modified waste vegetable fat, ethanol diesel blends, and jatropha biodiesel.
biomas pyrolysis,its features properties methods and current context in India and world with life cycle analysis.Biomass as renewable energy source for pollution free environment and sustainable development of society.Biochar for farming and Bagesse for cogeneration in industries
Biomass Energy Resourses; Mechanism of green plant
photosynthesis, effiency of conversion, solar energy plantation,
Biogas- Types of Biogas plants, factors affecting production
rates, Pyrolysis, Gasifess Types & Classification of vegetable
oils a a liquid fuel and their properties, esterification process,
formation of Biodiesel, Biodiesel & its properties, suitable species
for Biodiesel formation and its cultivation, byproduct formation
during esterification, Biodiesel economics.
-“Biofuel is an inexhaustible, biodegradable fuel manufactured from Biomass.”
• Renewable energy
• Derived from living materials.
• Pure and the easiest available fuels on planet earth.
biomas pyrolysis,its features properties methods and current context in India and world with life cycle analysis.Biomass as renewable energy source for pollution free environment and sustainable development of society.Biochar for farming and Bagesse for cogeneration in industries
Biomass Energy Resourses; Mechanism of green plant
photosynthesis, effiency of conversion, solar energy plantation,
Biogas- Types of Biogas plants, factors affecting production
rates, Pyrolysis, Gasifess Types & Classification of vegetable
oils a a liquid fuel and their properties, esterification process,
formation of Biodiesel, Biodiesel & its properties, suitable species
for Biodiesel formation and its cultivation, byproduct formation
during esterification, Biodiesel economics.
-“Biofuel is an inexhaustible, biodegradable fuel manufactured from Biomass.”
• Renewable energy
• Derived from living materials.
• Pure and the easiest available fuels on planet earth.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
3. Technology
• Biomass technology today serves many markets
that were developed with fossil fuels and modestly
reduces their use
• Uses - Industrial process heat and steam, Electrical
power generation, Transportation fuels (ethanol
and biodiesel) and other products.
• Primary focus of the Biomass Program –
development of advanced technologies.
5. Bio-refinery
• A facility that integrates biomass conversion
processes and equipment to produce fuels,
power, and chemicals from biomass.
• Analogous to today's petroleum refineries
• It is based on the “Sugar Platform“ and the
“Thermochemical Platform“
6.
7. Bio-diesel
• Made by transforming animal fat or vegetable
oil with alcohol .
• Fuel is made from rapeseed (canola) oil or
soybean oil or recycled restaurant grease.
• Directly substituted for diesel either as neat
fuel or as an oxygenate additive
8. Modified Waste Vegetable Fat
• Designed for general use in most compression
ignition engines .
• The production of MWVF can be achieved in a
continuous flow additive process.
• It can be modified in various ways to make a
'greener' form of fuel
9. E-Diesel
• Uses additives in order to allow blending of
ethanol with diesel.
• Ethanol blends of 7.7% to 15% and up to 5%
• Additives that prevent the ethanol and diesel
from separating at very low temperatures or
if water contamination occurs.
10. Jatropha
• Biodiesel from Jatropha
• Seeds of the Jatropha nut is
crushed and oil is extracted
• The oil is processed and
refined to form bio-diesel.
13. Gasification
• A process that uses heat, pressure, and steam to
convert materials directly into a gas composed
primarily of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
• Gasification technologies rely four key engineering
factors
1. Gasification reactor atmosphere (level of oxygen
or air content).
2. Reactor design.
3. Internal and external heating.
4. Operating temperature.
14. Gasification
• Typical raw materials - coal, petroleum-based
materials, and organic materials.
• The feedstock is prepared and fed, in either dry or
slurried form, into a sealed reactor chamber called a
gasifier.
• The feedstock is subjected to high heat, pressure, and
either an oxygen-rich or oxygen-starved environment
within the gasifier.
16. Gasification
• Products of gasification :
* Hydrocarbon gases (also called syngas).
* Hydrocarbon liquids (oils).
* Char (carbon black and ash).
• Syngas is primarily carbon monoxide and
hydrogen (more than 85 percent by volume)
and smaller quantities of carbon dioxide and
methane
24. Gobar gas
• Gobar gas production is an anaerobic
process
• Fermentation is carried out in an air tight,
closed cylindrical concrete tank called a
digester
25.
26.
27.
28. Wood
• Domestic heating with wood is still by far
the largest market for bio-energy
• Dramatic improvements of technology in
domestic heating equipment
• Improved tiled stoves, advanced logwood
boilers, woodchip boilers, pellet boilers and
pellet stoves.
• Pourable wood-based fuel is also available
31. Air Concerns
• Biomass processing technologies and biofuels use have the
potential to increase emissions of ozone precursors
o Increase in Nox emissions
•Excessive inhalation of ethanol is harmful
•Combustion of ethanol would result in increased atmospheric
concentrations of carcinogens
• Emission of relatively large sized particulate matter
32. Soil Concerns
• Burning biomass deprives local eco-systems of nutrients
• Production of dedicated energy crops renders land fallow
• Reduced land availability for cattle grazing
•Increased use of pesticides and fertilizers to produce energy
crops contaminate ground and surface water
o Affects fish and wildlife
33. Environmental Benefits
•Reduction of waste
• Extremely low emission of greenhouse gases compared to
fossil fuels
• Ethanol is Carbon neutral and forms a part of the carbon cycle
• Growing variety of crops increases bio-diversity
34. Socio-Economic Benefits
• Helps developing economies by promoting agrarian
communities
• Increase in jobs
• Increase in trade balance (Indian perspective) due to lesser
dependence on foreign resources
36. BRAZIL
•World leader in production and export of
ethanol.
•Ethanol produced per day equivalent to
200,000 barrels of gasoline.
•24% blend ethanol mandatory.
•Competitiveness
•Bio diesel initiatives underway
37. U.S.A.
• Ethanol : a big boost to economy
• E85 sells cheaper than gasoline
• Currently production aimed at 4.5 Billion gallons/yr
• MTBE phased out in many states
• Soya bean main source of biodiesel
38. E.U.
• Rapeseed main source of bio diesel
• 3-15% blended petrol
• France: Bio diesel exempted from domestic tax
• Germany: Sales of bio diesel 99 million US gallons
• Rise of SVO as domestic fuel
39. The Significant Others
• China: 3rd largest producer of ethanol
producing 220,000 tons of ethanol, exporting
90,000 tons in 2000.
• In southeast Asia, the Jatropha tree is used
as a significant fuel source
• Malaysia and Indonesia are starting pilot-
scale production from palm oil.
40. India
• Sources of ethanol:
• Sugarcane
• Molasses
• Agricultural waste
• Low average cost of Rs.18/litre projected
• Annual production capacity of 1.5 Billion
litres
41. • Sources of biodiesel:
• Honge
• Jatropha
• High capital, broad scale production plan initiated
• Cost per liter projected at Rs. 27
India (Contd.)
42. Bio Mass
• Biomass already supplies 14 % of the world’s
primary energy consumption. On average, biomass
produces 38 % of the primary energy in developing
countries.
• USA: 4% of total energy from bio mass, around
9000 MW
• INDIA is short of 15,000 MW of energy and it costs
about 25,000 crores annually for the government to
import oil.
43. • Bio Mass from cattle manure, agricultural waste,
forest residue and municipal waste.
• Anaerobic digestion of livestock wastes to give bio
gas
• Digester consumes roughly one third the power it’s
capable of producing.
• Fertilizers as by product.
• Average electricity generation of 5.5kWh per cow
per day!!