A Process Flow Diagram (PFD) is a diagram that graphically depicts the flow of materials and processes in an industrial operation using standard symbols like lines, circles, and rectangles. A PFD shows the relationships between major components in a system. It also provides design data for components operating under different modes such as minimum, normal, and maximum. A Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) is a schematic illustration of the functional relationships between piping, instrumentation, and equipment components in a system. A P&ID shows all piping, including physical connections, reducers, valves, equipment, instrumentation, and control interlocks. It is used for operating process systems. Standard signals