03 session i_edwinlindo
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This document discusses how race has been socially constructed and pathologized over time, leading to health disparities for Latino communities. It covers how defining race in terms of hierarchies and characterizations has negatively impacted health outcomes and health care delivery for Latinos. The presentation calls for moving from recognizing health disparities to achieving health justice and building solidarity with Black communities by addressing the social determinants of health and oppressive policies like immigration that exacerbate health issues.
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Race presentation
The document discusses how race has become entangled with ideas of biology and genetics over time, despite there being no biological basis for race. It explores how systemic racism can influence health outcomes between racial groups and become embodied in populations. While recent genetic studies show humans cannot be divided into distinct biological races, the concept of race is still widely used in biomedical research and public health in problematic ways.
Eugenics
The document discusses the history and ideas of the eugenics movement from the 19th century through the early 20th century. It traces the origins of eugenics from Darwin and Galton, through its spread internationally via groups like the American Eugenics Society. Key figures like Davenport and Laughlin advocated for both positive and negative eugenics policies including sterilization laws and restrictive immigration policies. The eugenics movement aimed to improve human heredity by controlling reproduction but had racist, classist, and ableist assumptions.
Eugenics
EUGENIC MOVEMENT, GENETIC NURSING, BY: MR. DINABANDHU BARAD, MSC TUTOR, SUM NURSING COLLEGE, SIKSHA O ANUSANDHAN DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY, BHUBANESWAR, ODISHA
Eugenics, Euthenics & Euphenics
This document discusses different concepts related to improving the human species:
- Eugenics aims to improve human traits through selective breeding and reducing "undesirable" characteristics. Early supporters believed traits like illness could be bred out.
- Euthenics focuses on environmental improvements like education, sanitation and living conditions to enhance human well-being and functioning.
- Euphenics uses genetic engineering after birth to address genetic conditions and make phenotypic improvements, avoiding the negative connotations of eugenics. It aims to lessen the impact of genetic conditions over time.
Eugenics
Eugenics aimed to improve hereditary traits through selective breeding. It encompassed positive eugenics, encouraging reproduction among the genetically fit, and negative eugenics, which sought to restrict reproduction among those deemed unfit. The eugenics movement gained acceptance in the early 20th century in both the US and UK due to fears over poverty, immigration, and the lower classes outbreeding the elite. By the 1920s, over 30 US states had passed involuntary sterilization laws targeting those with disabilities or low IQs. However, the eugenics movement declined after World War 2 due to its association with the Nazi regime and discrimination.
Eugenics
Eugenics is the practice of improving human hereditary traits through controlled breeding to increase desirable traits and reduce undesirable ones. It was popular in the early 20th century and involved practices like compulsory sterilization. However, eugenics fell out of favor after being associated with Nazi racial policies and human rights abuses. While some forms of eugenics continue today through practices like prenatal screening, the field remains controversial due to questions around what traits are desirable and the potential for coercion and loss of genetic diversity.
Race african americans
For many years, African Americans have faced racism through racial profiling by police and socioeconomic struggles. Statistically, they fall below the poverty line more often than white Americans. This class division was exacerbated after Hurricane Katrina, when African Americans in New Orleans were left in complete devastation with no assistance while segregated from the rest of the population. Research shows growing economic gaps between African Americans and other races, resulting in less education, lower incomes, and more poverty, crime, and incarceration in the African American community.
Recommended
Race presentation
The document discusses how race has become entangled with ideas of biology and genetics over time, despite there being no biological basis for race. It explores how systemic racism can influence health outcomes between racial groups and become embodied in populations. While recent genetic studies show humans cannot be divided into distinct biological races, the concept of race is still widely used in biomedical research and public health in problematic ways.
Eugenics
The document discusses the history and ideas of the eugenics movement from the 19th century through the early 20th century. It traces the origins of eugenics from Darwin and Galton, through its spread internationally via groups like the American Eugenics Society. Key figures like Davenport and Laughlin advocated for both positive and negative eugenics policies including sterilization laws and restrictive immigration policies. The eugenics movement aimed to improve human heredity by controlling reproduction but had racist, classist, and ableist assumptions.
Eugenics
EUGENIC MOVEMENT, GENETIC NURSING, BY: MR. DINABANDHU BARAD, MSC TUTOR, SUM NURSING COLLEGE, SIKSHA O ANUSANDHAN DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY, BHUBANESWAR, ODISHA
Eugenics, Euthenics & Euphenics
This document discusses different concepts related to improving the human species:
- Eugenics aims to improve human traits through selective breeding and reducing "undesirable" characteristics. Early supporters believed traits like illness could be bred out.
- Euthenics focuses on environmental improvements like education, sanitation and living conditions to enhance human well-being and functioning.
- Euphenics uses genetic engineering after birth to address genetic conditions and make phenotypic improvements, avoiding the negative connotations of eugenics. It aims to lessen the impact of genetic conditions over time.
Eugenics
Eugenics aimed to improve hereditary traits through selective breeding. It encompassed positive eugenics, encouraging reproduction among the genetically fit, and negative eugenics, which sought to restrict reproduction among those deemed unfit. The eugenics movement gained acceptance in the early 20th century in both the US and UK due to fears over poverty, immigration, and the lower classes outbreeding the elite. By the 1920s, over 30 US states had passed involuntary sterilization laws targeting those with disabilities or low IQs. However, the eugenics movement declined after World War 2 due to its association with the Nazi regime and discrimination.
Eugenics
Eugenics is the practice of improving human hereditary traits through controlled breeding to increase desirable traits and reduce undesirable ones. It was popular in the early 20th century and involved practices like compulsory sterilization. However, eugenics fell out of favor after being associated with Nazi racial policies and human rights abuses. While some forms of eugenics continue today through practices like prenatal screening, the field remains controversial due to questions around what traits are desirable and the potential for coercion and loss of genetic diversity.
Race african americans
For many years, African Americans have faced racism through racial profiling by police and socioeconomic struggles. Statistically, they fall below the poverty line more often than white Americans. This class division was exacerbated after Hurricane Katrina, when African Americans in New Orleans were left in complete devastation with no assistance while segregated from the rest of the population. Research shows growing economic gaps between African Americans and other races, resulting in less education, lower incomes, and more poverty, crime, and incarceration in the African American community.
Insocio lecture 9 race and ethnicity
The document discusses race, ethnicity, and prejudice. It defines race as referring to perceived biological characteristics, while ethnicity emphasizes cultural traits and identity. While race was historically thought to be biological, it is now widely recognized as a social construct. Ethnic groups share cultural heritage and identity. Prejudice involves biased beliefs about groups and can take the form of racism, stereotypes, and discrimination. Theories of prejudice include scapegoating frustrated groups, authoritarian personalities seeking inferior targets, culturally embedded prejudice, and the powerful using prejudice to divide and oppress others.
Jones race racism and the practice of epidemiology
This document discusses the concept of race in epidemiology. It argues that race is a social construct rather than a biological reality, and that it serves as a proxy for factors like social class, culture, and genes, but is not equivalent to any of those factors. Race reflects the social classification and experiences of racism that people face. Racism operates at institutional, personally mediated, and internalized levels, and is likely a root cause of health disparities observed between racial groups. The author recommends that epidemiologists investigate the underlying causes of race-associated health differences rather than simply adjusting for race in analyses.
module 2.pptx
This document provides working definitions and conceptual issues around the terms ethnicity, race, and nationality. It discusses ethnicity as referring to a culturally distinctive group that may overlap with a political group. Race is defined as a socio-culturally constructed category based on shared physical characteristics. Nationality refers to a political community with symbolic boundaries rooted in a common ethnicity, identity, and culture. The document also examines how these terms are used and defined for census and government statistics.
Race & ethnicity
This document provides an overview of key concepts in the sociological study of race and ethnicity. It begins with definitions of race as a social construct rather than biological reality. Prejudice is defined as negative attitudes based on stereotypes while discrimination involves actions that harm subordinate groups. Theories of how race has been conceptualized historically and sociological perspectives on the study of race relations are also summarized.
Sm. Sri. Med. Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 107-111, 1992 0277-9536192 S.docx
Sm. Sri. Med. Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 107-111, 1992 0277-9536192 S5.00 + 0.00
Printed in Great Britain Pergamon Press plc
FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY AND THE CONCEPT OF
RACE: IF RACES DON’T EXIST, WHY ARE FORENSIC
ANTHROPOLOGISTS SO GOOD AT IDENTIFYING THEM?
NORMAN J. SAUER
Department of Anthropology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A.
Abstract-Most anthropologists have abandoned the concept of race as a research tool and as a valid
representation of human biological diversity. Yet, race identification continues to be one of the central
foci of forensic anthropological casework and research. It is maintained in this paper that the successful
assignment of race to a skeletal specimen is not a vindication of the race concept, but rather a prediction
that an individual, while alive was assigned to a particular socially constructed ‘racial’ category. A
specimen may display features that point to African ancestry. In this country that person is likely to have
been labeled Black regardless of whether or not such a race actually exists in nature.
Key words-forensic anthropology, race, race identification, human variation
Several years ago, I was approached by the Michigan
State Police for assistance with the identification of a
set of decomposed human remains. The specimen,
obviously human, was discovered in a wooded area
by hunters, reported to police and transported to a
morgue at a local hospital. After a standard anthro-
pological evaluation of the material I concluded that
the remains represented a Black female, who was
18-23 years old at death and between 5’2” and 5’6”.
The condition of the remains suggested that depo-
sition occurred between 6 weeks and 6 months before
discovery. That information was reported to the
Investigative Resources Division of the State Police
who matched it against Missing person records. In a
few weeks time the remains were positively identified
as representing a Black female, who was 5’3” tall and
19 years of age when she disappeared about 3 months
earlier.
For many anthropologists there currently exists
a dilemma. While most have rejected the traditional
Western notion of race, as bounded, identifiable
biological groups and have renounced its use as
harmful, the race concept as it is understood by
the public continues to be one of the central
foci of forensic anthropological research and
application. Does the fact that forensic anthropolo-
gists are able to correctly guess the race of a subject
from skeletal remains in any way validate the
concept?
THE NON-EXISTENCE OF RACES
In the 1960s C. Loting Brace and Frank Living-
stone presented arguments for the nonexistence of
human races [l, 21. Extending a debate that began a
decade earlier in zoology [I, 31, they argued that the
discordance of traits made defining races on the basis
of more than one or two characters impossible. Since
no human biologist would support such limited
criteria for d.
Hist 548 Eugenics and Sterilization
This document discusses how eugenics and sterilization laws in the early 20th century United States aimed to promote the white race. It describes how the first sterilization laws passed in Indiana and California in 1907 allowed involuntary sterilization of those deemed "unfit". Eugenicists supported sterilization as a way to prevent the transmission of undesirable traits and reduce the number of people in institutions. However, their ultimate goal was ensuring political dominance of Anglo-Saxons by restricting immigration and promoting the reproduction of upper-class whites through anti-miscegenation and sterilization laws. While sterilization targeted those with disabilities or crimes regardless of race, eugenicists primarily wanted to maintain the white population
Race medicine
1) The document discusses the debate around using race as a category in medical research and practice. It aims to personalize medicine but in doing so may perpetuate unequal healthcare.
2) While race is commonly used in epidemiology to track disease rates, it is not considered a biological concept. However, some argue race can still correlate with disease risk.
3) The document then discusses concerns around genetic studies of population differences, including that they may fuel biological determinism, overgeneralize groups, and justify discrimination. Overall it argues the concept of race in medicine is problematic and alternative approaches like personal genomics should be used.
Class 2 of "Race and Ethnicity" Powerpoint Presentation
This is a slide show presentation based on Chapters one and two of "Race and Racisms: A Critical Approach" as well as the film: "Race: The Power of an Illusion, Episode 2."
Cultural Competency in the Clinical Setting
Cultural Competency in the Clinical Setting
by Robert F. Jex, RN, MHA, FACHE
Wednesday, January 20, 2009
12:00 p.m. - 1:00 p.m. (Mountain)
Robert Jex, RN, MHA, FACHE is a Trauma System Clinical Consultant within the Emergency Medical Services and Preparedness at the Utah Department of Health. He has been a practicing RN for 33 years with experience in ER, OR, Med/Surg/ICU, Nursery, Labor and Delivery, and home health care. He has a BS in Zoology, an MS in Reproductive Physiology and a Master of Health Administration. Mr. Jex is a licensed long term care administrator, a Fellow in the American College of Health Care Executives, and a certified trainer in Cultural Competency.
Association of birth weight and risk factors for renal disease in a rural Can...
This study examined the relationship between birth weight and risk factors for renal disease in 1160 Canadians from rural and Aboriginal communities. The results showed:
1) Low birth weight (LBW) and high birth weight (HBW) were both associated with hypertension in the overall cohort.
2) LBW, but not HBW, was significantly associated with later life diabetes, particularly in the Aboriginal subgroup.
3) As expected, diabetes, hypertension and metabolic syndrome were interrelated and likely confounded the relationships with birth weight, though each may be independently programmed during fetal development.
The results were consistent with prior research linking LBW and HBW to increased risk of cardiovascular and renal diseases later in life.
Explain how the concept of race has developed in the Western world. .pdf
Explain how the concept of race has developed in the Western world. What are the limitations of
this approach? How have current genetic studies changed this view?
Solution
Physically visible traits, traditionally used in attempts to classify humans into clearly defined
groups(\"races\"), have emphasized such features such as skin color, hair color, hair form, head
shape and nose shape. Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, American and European
scientists concentrated on describing and classifying biological variations in humans and other
organisms as well. Linnaeus classification, which was based on behavioural and intellectual
abiities divided human in 4 groups.
His ranking system reflects that Europeans are superior to anybody. A German scientist divided
huan popoulation on the basis of skin color: White, yellow. red, brown, and black. The main
concern of the Europeans was religion and how people of different colors fit into that scheme.
All these physical characteristics are not only influenced by several genetic loci but are also
modified by the environment. As a result these traditional markers of race aren\'t reliable
indicator of genetic relationships, they are not biologically useful in depicting patterns of human
diversity.
Since, the middle of 20th century, more precise techniques are allowed a far better understanding
of actual patterns of human variations..
1. The belief that humans are subdivided into distinct hereditary .docx
1. The belief that humans are subdivided into distinct hereditary groups that are innately different in their social behavior and mental capacities and that can therefore be ranked as superior or inferior, according to Martin Marger, is called ______________.
2. Ethnocentrism refers to the habit of viewing one's own group with favor and viewing other groups and their differences with disfavor. Thus, ethnocentrism involves noticing differences, then ranking, and, finally, placing one's own group at the top of a classification. All others who differ are regarded as inferior. True or False
3. McGee, other anthropologists, and many others of his generation believed in the survival of the fittest. Social Darwinists, following the ideas of Herbert Spencer (1820–1903) believed that only the fittest individuals survive and that the "inferior," weak, and less able ones necessarily and rightfully should be left to die off. Social Darwinism was used to justify slavery and to postpone its abolition in the United States. It was also used to support the often cutthroat environment of capitalism that prevailed in American businesses and factories at the turn of the twentieth century.
Social Darwinists believed the poor and "unfit," including members of "primitive races" should be left to die rather than be helped and kept alive by charity. Theodore Roosevelt, campaigning for the presidency of the United States in 1898, echoed this view when he said, "I hope that every man who strives to be efficient and moral will realize that it is for the interest of mankind to have civilization go forward, to have the higher supplant the lower life" (Paulet, 2001, p. 3).
This statement reflected a misreading of Darwin. True or False?
4. People have always been able to self-identify or to determine one's own racial group when filling out the census. True or False?
5. All humans are descended from common ancestors originating from Africa. True or False?
6. Race, ethnicity, and culture are biological, and thus are not social constructs. True or False?
7. The science of breeding is called _________.
8. What is it called when enslaved mothers passed down the status of bondage to their children?
A. Vendue
B. Indenture
C. Manumission
D. Chattle Slavery
9. What is it called when one group gives up their customs and language and adopts those of the dominant group in order to attempt to blend in and become indistinguishable from the members of that group?
A. Competition
B. Accomodation
C. Assimilation
D. Contact
10. The study of cultures for their own attributes, without assigning value judgments is called
A. Eugenics
B. Cultural Relativity
C. Cultural Awareness
D. Ethnocentrism
11. The majority or dominant group in society is the group that controls most of the resources and wields the most power within different institutional settings. These settings include those of government, religion, education, and commerce. Minority groups lack equal access to these institutio ...
Darwinism and American Society.docx
Sociologists adapted Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection to justify social inequities between the rich and poor in the late 19th century. Count Arthur de Gobineau and Houston Stewart Chamberlain promoted social Darwinist ideas of white racial supremacy. Herbert Spencer contributed the phrase "survival of the fittest" to argue the rich were fit to survive while the poor were not. Eugenicists supported immigration restrictions in 1924 to limit immigrants they saw as inferior. Social Darwinism impacted negative American views of immigrants during the Second Industrial Revolution.
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This document discusses concepts related to race and ethnicity including:
- Race is a social construct rather than a biological reality, as there is more genetic variation within racial groups than between them.
- Ethnicity refers to shared cultural traditions, values, and identities rather than physical characteristics.
- Racism exists in both individual and institutional forms, with institutional racism being embedded in social systems and policies that disadvantage racial minorities.
- Assimilation, pluralism, and separatism describe different approaches racial and ethnic groups take in relating to the dominant culture and each other within a society.
Immigration as "Racial" Policy
Though politicians and members of their constituencies argue immigration policy from seemingly infinite perspectives and sides, one point stands clear and definite: decisions as to who can enter the United States and who can eventually gain citizenship status generally depends of issues of “race,” for U.S. immigration systems reflect and serve as the country’s official “racial” policies.
Race and IdentityHistorian Robin Kelley stated, Race was never .docx
Race and Identity
Historian Robin Kelley stated, “Race was never just a matter of how you look, it’s about how people assign meaning to how you look” (Herbes-Sommers, 2003). Considering what you learned from the Social Implications of Race video clip, Chapter 3 in your textbook, and your own experiences, answer the following questions:
· What do you think is meant by the term racial smog?
· How do racial categories shape our identities and social status?
Your initial post should be at least 250 words in length. Support your claims with examples from the required materials and/or other scholarly sources. Cite your sources in the body of your post and provide a complete reference for each source used at the end of it.
This is Chapter 3 of the text book
Human beings differ from other animals in their heavy reliance on culture as their means of adapting to their environment. Humans are, inshort, cultural animals. Because this can be said of no other species, one might assume that human biology has distinctive characteristics that make it possible for us to acquire a culture. In other words, human biology makes culture possible, and the biological characteristics of ourspecies may be seen as the reason why cultures, despite their diversity, nevertheless also have numerous universals.
However, to say that human biology makes culture possible does not imply that biology determines the specific characteristics of a culture. It isgenerally acknowledged that "human nature," in the sense of our innate biological predispositions, does not consist of rigidly programmed responses to stimuli. The human species is the product of evolutionary processes that resulted in a large brain with the capacity to learn anduse both language and complex ideologies, which are passed down from one generation to the next through socialization rather than through biology itself. In this chapter, we will question ideas about biological determinism by exploring the interplay of culture, race, and ethnicity.
Race and Culture
Humans are not a homogeneous species, but differ in some of their physical characteristics from one part of the world to another. It hasbecome common throughout the world to use these differences to group people into a variety of races, groups that supposedly reflect closeness based on common ancestry. One major problem with the idea that humans belong to different races is that people who use theconcept of "race" typically assume that there are clear-cut genetic boundaries between these groups. In reality, so-called racial characteristics vary in frequency from one part of the world to another, and changes rarely happen so abruptly that one can state with certainty that a clear boundary exists between an area where a characteristic is common and another where it is rare. Furthermore, the cluster of biological traitsthat are commonly thought of as distinguishing one ra ...
Social Science Quiz Bee.docx
The document discusses various concepts in anthropology such as culture, enculturation, religion, kinship, social organization, economics and migration. It mentions anthropologists and theories like cultural materialism by Marvin Harris, actor theory, and the work of Durkheim, Forde, Radcliffe-Brown and others. Various types of societies and their characteristics are outlined like bands, agriculturalists, pastoralists and concepts like taboo, ethnocide, power and authority.
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(c) African American Policy Forum
www.aapf.org
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Race and ethnicity are used to categorize certain sections of the population. In basic terms, race describes physical traits, and ethnicity refers to cultural identification. Race may also be identified as something you inherit while ethnicity is something you learn.
Course 6/7 Susan Paulson
This document discusses how race, gender, and environment are mutually constituted rather than existing independently. It provides examples from Latin America of how struggles over natural resources and environmental governance have led groups to identify themselves along racial or indigenous lines. As these political struggles intersect with international human rights frameworks, they both facilitate rights-based claims and promote essentialized identities. The document argues that dominant conceptualizations divide experiences that are intertwined in lived reality.
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The document discusses race, ethnicity, and prejudice. It defines race as referring to perceived biological characteristics, while ethnicity emphasizes cultural traits and identity. While race was historically thought to be biological, it is now widely recognized as a social construct. Ethnic groups share cultural heritage and identity. Prejudice involves biased beliefs about groups and can take the form of racism, stereotypes, and discrimination. Theories of prejudice include scapegoating frustrated groups, authoritarian personalities seeking inferior targets, culturally embedded prejudice, and the powerful using prejudice to divide and oppress others.
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module 2.pptx
This document provides working definitions and conceptual issues around the terms ethnicity, race, and nationality. It discusses ethnicity as referring to a culturally distinctive group that may overlap with a political group. Race is defined as a socio-culturally constructed category based on shared physical characteristics. Nationality refers to a political community with symbolic boundaries rooted in a common ethnicity, identity, and culture. The document also examines how these terms are used and defined for census and government statistics.
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This document provides an overview of key concepts in the sociological study of race and ethnicity. It begins with definitions of race as a social construct rather than biological reality. Prejudice is defined as negative attitudes based on stereotypes while discrimination involves actions that harm subordinate groups. Theories of how race has been conceptualized historically and sociological perspectives on the study of race relations are also summarized.
Sm. Sri. Med. Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 107-111, 1992 0277-9536192 S.docx
Sm. Sri. Med. Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 107-111, 1992 0277-9536192 S5.00 + 0.00
Printed in Great Britain Pergamon Press plc
FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY AND THE CONCEPT OF
RACE: IF RACES DON’T EXIST, WHY ARE FORENSIC
ANTHROPOLOGISTS SO GOOD AT IDENTIFYING THEM?
NORMAN J. SAUER
Department of Anthropology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A.
Abstract-Most anthropologists have abandoned the concept of race as a research tool and as a valid
representation of human biological diversity. Yet, race identification continues to be one of the central
foci of forensic anthropological casework and research. It is maintained in this paper that the successful
assignment of race to a skeletal specimen is not a vindication of the race concept, but rather a prediction
that an individual, while alive was assigned to a particular socially constructed ‘racial’ category. A
specimen may display features that point to African ancestry. In this country that person is likely to have
been labeled Black regardless of whether or not such a race actually exists in nature.
Key words-forensic anthropology, race, race identification, human variation
Several years ago, I was approached by the Michigan
State Police for assistance with the identification of a
set of decomposed human remains. The specimen,
obviously human, was discovered in a wooded area
by hunters, reported to police and transported to a
morgue at a local hospital. After a standard anthro-
pological evaluation of the material I concluded that
the remains represented a Black female, who was
18-23 years old at death and between 5’2” and 5’6”.
The condition of the remains suggested that depo-
sition occurred between 6 weeks and 6 months before
discovery. That information was reported to the
Investigative Resources Division of the State Police
who matched it against Missing person records. In a
few weeks time the remains were positively identified
as representing a Black female, who was 5’3” tall and
19 years of age when she disappeared about 3 months
earlier.
For many anthropologists there currently exists
a dilemma. While most have rejected the traditional
Western notion of race, as bounded, identifiable
biological groups and have renounced its use as
harmful, the race concept as it is understood by
the public continues to be one of the central
foci of forensic anthropological research and
application. Does the fact that forensic anthropolo-
gists are able to correctly guess the race of a subject
from skeletal remains in any way validate the
concept?
THE NON-EXISTENCE OF RACES
In the 1960s C. Loting Brace and Frank Living-
stone presented arguments for the nonexistence of
human races [l, 21. Extending a debate that began a
decade earlier in zoology [I, 31, they argued that the
discordance of traits made defining races on the basis
of more than one or two characters impossible. Since
no human biologist would support such limited
criteria for d.
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This document discusses how eugenics and sterilization laws in the early 20th century United States aimed to promote the white race. It describes how the first sterilization laws passed in Indiana and California in 1907 allowed involuntary sterilization of those deemed "unfit". Eugenicists supported sterilization as a way to prevent the transmission of undesirable traits and reduce the number of people in institutions. However, their ultimate goal was ensuring political dominance of Anglo-Saxons by restricting immigration and promoting the reproduction of upper-class whites through anti-miscegenation and sterilization laws. While sterilization targeted those with disabilities or crimes regardless of race, eugenicists primarily wanted to maintain the white population
Race medicine
1) The document discusses the debate around using race as a category in medical research and practice. It aims to personalize medicine but in doing so may perpetuate unequal healthcare.
2) While race is commonly used in epidemiology to track disease rates, it is not considered a biological concept. However, some argue race can still correlate with disease risk.
3) The document then discusses concerns around genetic studies of population differences, including that they may fuel biological determinism, overgeneralize groups, and justify discrimination. Overall it argues the concept of race in medicine is problematic and alternative approaches like personal genomics should be used.
Class 2 of "Race and Ethnicity" Powerpoint Presentation
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Cultural Competency in the Clinical Setting
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by Robert F. Jex, RN, MHA, FACHE
Wednesday, January 20, 2009
12:00 p.m. - 1:00 p.m. (Mountain)
Robert Jex, RN, MHA, FACHE is a Trauma System Clinical Consultant within the Emergency Medical Services and Preparedness at the Utah Department of Health. He has been a practicing RN for 33 years with experience in ER, OR, Med/Surg/ICU, Nursery, Labor and Delivery, and home health care. He has a BS in Zoology, an MS in Reproductive Physiology and a Master of Health Administration. Mr. Jex is a licensed long term care administrator, a Fellow in the American College of Health Care Executives, and a certified trainer in Cultural Competency.
Association of birth weight and risk factors for renal disease in a rural Can...
This study examined the relationship between birth weight and risk factors for renal disease in 1160 Canadians from rural and Aboriginal communities. The results showed:
1) Low birth weight (LBW) and high birth weight (HBW) were both associated with hypertension in the overall cohort.
2) LBW, but not HBW, was significantly associated with later life diabetes, particularly in the Aboriginal subgroup.
3) As expected, diabetes, hypertension and metabolic syndrome were interrelated and likely confounded the relationships with birth weight, though each may be independently programmed during fetal development.
The results were consistent with prior research linking LBW and HBW to increased risk of cardiovascular and renal diseases later in life.
Explain how the concept of race has developed in the Western world. .pdf
Explain how the concept of race has developed in the Western world. What are the limitations of
this approach? How have current genetic studies changed this view?
Solution
Physically visible traits, traditionally used in attempts to classify humans into clearly defined
groups(\"races\"), have emphasized such features such as skin color, hair color, hair form, head
shape and nose shape. Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, American and European
scientists concentrated on describing and classifying biological variations in humans and other
organisms as well. Linnaeus classification, which was based on behavioural and intellectual
abiities divided human in 4 groups.
His ranking system reflects that Europeans are superior to anybody. A German scientist divided
huan popoulation on the basis of skin color: White, yellow. red, brown, and black. The main
concern of the Europeans was religion and how people of different colors fit into that scheme.
All these physical characteristics are not only influenced by several genetic loci but are also
modified by the environment. As a result these traditional markers of race aren\'t reliable
indicator of genetic relationships, they are not biologically useful in depicting patterns of human
diversity.
Since, the middle of 20th century, more precise techniques are allowed a far better understanding
of actual patterns of human variations..
1. The belief that humans are subdivided into distinct hereditary .docx
1. The belief that humans are subdivided into distinct hereditary groups that are innately different in their social behavior and mental capacities and that can therefore be ranked as superior or inferior, according to Martin Marger, is called ______________.
2. Ethnocentrism refers to the habit of viewing one's own group with favor and viewing other groups and their differences with disfavor. Thus, ethnocentrism involves noticing differences, then ranking, and, finally, placing one's own group at the top of a classification. All others who differ are regarded as inferior. True or False
3. McGee, other anthropologists, and many others of his generation believed in the survival of the fittest. Social Darwinists, following the ideas of Herbert Spencer (1820–1903) believed that only the fittest individuals survive and that the "inferior," weak, and less able ones necessarily and rightfully should be left to die off. Social Darwinism was used to justify slavery and to postpone its abolition in the United States. It was also used to support the often cutthroat environment of capitalism that prevailed in American businesses and factories at the turn of the twentieth century.
Social Darwinists believed the poor and "unfit," including members of "primitive races" should be left to die rather than be helped and kept alive by charity. Theodore Roosevelt, campaigning for the presidency of the United States in 1898, echoed this view when he said, "I hope that every man who strives to be efficient and moral will realize that it is for the interest of mankind to have civilization go forward, to have the higher supplant the lower life" (Paulet, 2001, p. 3).
This statement reflected a misreading of Darwin. True or False?
4. People have always been able to self-identify or to determine one's own racial group when filling out the census. True or False?
5. All humans are descended from common ancestors originating from Africa. True or False?
6. Race, ethnicity, and culture are biological, and thus are not social constructs. True or False?
7. The science of breeding is called _________.
8. What is it called when enslaved mothers passed down the status of bondage to their children?
A. Vendue
B. Indenture
C. Manumission
D. Chattle Slavery
9. What is it called when one group gives up their customs and language and adopts those of the dominant group in order to attempt to blend in and become indistinguishable from the members of that group?
A. Competition
B. Accomodation
C. Assimilation
D. Contact
10. The study of cultures for their own attributes, without assigning value judgments is called
A. Eugenics
B. Cultural Relativity
C. Cultural Awareness
D. Ethnocentrism
11. The majority or dominant group in society is the group that controls most of the resources and wields the most power within different institutional settings. These settings include those of government, religion, education, and commerce. Minority groups lack equal access to these institutio ...
Darwinism and American Society.docx
Sociologists adapted Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection to justify social inequities between the rich and poor in the late 19th century. Count Arthur de Gobineau and Houston Stewart Chamberlain promoted social Darwinist ideas of white racial supremacy. Herbert Spencer contributed the phrase "survival of the fittest" to argue the rich were fit to survive while the poor were not. Eugenicists supported immigration restrictions in 1924 to limit immigrants they saw as inferior. Social Darwinism impacted negative American views of immigrants during the Second Industrial Revolution.
Race illusion du bois
This document discusses concepts related to race and ethnicity including:
- Race is a social construct rather than a biological reality, as there is more genetic variation within racial groups than between them.
- Ethnicity refers to shared cultural traditions, values, and identities rather than physical characteristics.
- Racism exists in both individual and institutional forms, with institutional racism being embedded in social systems and policies that disadvantage racial minorities.
- Assimilation, pluralism, and separatism describe different approaches racial and ethnic groups take in relating to the dominant culture and each other within a society.
Immigration as "Racial" Policy
Though politicians and members of their constituencies argue immigration policy from seemingly infinite perspectives and sides, one point stands clear and definite: decisions as to who can enter the United States and who can eventually gain citizenship status generally depends of issues of “race,” for U.S. immigration systems reflect and serve as the country’s official “racial” policies.
Race and IdentityHistorian Robin Kelley stated, Race was never .docx
Race and Identity
Historian Robin Kelley stated, “Race was never just a matter of how you look, it’s about how people assign meaning to how you look” (Herbes-Sommers, 2003). Considering what you learned from the Social Implications of Race video clip, Chapter 3 in your textbook, and your own experiences, answer the following questions:
· What do you think is meant by the term racial smog?
· How do racial categories shape our identities and social status?
Your initial post should be at least 250 words in length. Support your claims with examples from the required materials and/or other scholarly sources. Cite your sources in the body of your post and provide a complete reference for each source used at the end of it.
This is Chapter 3 of the text book
Human beings differ from other animals in their heavy reliance on culture as their means of adapting to their environment. Humans are, inshort, cultural animals. Because this can be said of no other species, one might assume that human biology has distinctive characteristics that make it possible for us to acquire a culture. In other words, human biology makes culture possible, and the biological characteristics of ourspecies may be seen as the reason why cultures, despite their diversity, nevertheless also have numerous universals.
However, to say that human biology makes culture possible does not imply that biology determines the specific characteristics of a culture. It isgenerally acknowledged that "human nature," in the sense of our innate biological predispositions, does not consist of rigidly programmed responses to stimuli. The human species is the product of evolutionary processes that resulted in a large brain with the capacity to learn anduse both language and complex ideologies, which are passed down from one generation to the next through socialization rather than through biology itself. In this chapter, we will question ideas about biological determinism by exploring the interplay of culture, race, and ethnicity.
Race and Culture
Humans are not a homogeneous species, but differ in some of their physical characteristics from one part of the world to another. It hasbecome common throughout the world to use these differences to group people into a variety of races, groups that supposedly reflect closeness based on common ancestry. One major problem with the idea that humans belong to different races is that people who use theconcept of "race" typically assume that there are clear-cut genetic boundaries between these groups. In reality, so-called racial characteristics vary in frequency from one part of the world to another, and changes rarely happen so abruptly that one can state with certainty that a clear boundary exists between an area where a characteristic is common and another where it is rare. Furthermore, the cluster of biological traitsthat are commonly thought of as distinguishing one ra ...
Social Science Quiz Bee.docx
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AAPF Grantmakers in Education Presentation
This presentation was made by Kimberle Crenshaw during the 2010 Grantmakers in Education Presentation.
(c) African American Policy Forum
www.aapf.org
Race and ethnicity
Race and ethnicity are used to categorize certain sections of the population. In basic terms, race describes physical traits, and ethnicity refers to cultural identification. Race may also be identified as something you inherit while ethnicity is something you learn.
Course 6/7 Susan Paulson
This document discusses how race, gender, and environment are mutually constituted rather than existing independently. It provides examples from Latin America of how struggles over natural resources and environmental governance have led groups to identify themselves along racial or indigenous lines. As these political struggles intersect with international human rights frameworks, they both facilitate rights-based claims and promote essentialized identities. The document argues that dominant conceptualizations divide experiences that are intertwined in lived reality.
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This document discusses challenges and opportunities for Latinx students in post-secondary education in Washington State. It shows that for every 100 Latinx students, only 16 will attain a bachelor's degree, compared to 36 of white students. Barriers include lack of college readiness, limited financial aid, and institutional racism. The document proposes strategies like early intervention programs, community college transfer pathways, expanding ethnic studies, and using a transdisciplinary teaching approach focused on authentic family and community engagement.
05 session ii_julianperez
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04 plenary session_leomorales
This document discusses diversity in healthcare and medical education. It provides demographic data on underrepresented racial and ethnic minority populations in the US, Washington state, and in medical education pipelines. Charts show the percentages of various racial/ethnic groups in the US population, medical school applicants/matriculants, graduate medical education programs, and medical school faculty. The document also outlines programs and strategies to increase diversity in medical education, such as improving pre-health pathways, reducing financial barriers, enhancing learning environments, and developing inclusive curricula and mentorship programs.
04 plenary session_conciepedroza
The document discusses Seattle Public Schools' commitment to eliminating opportunity gaps and ensuring excellence in education for all students. It notes that Latinx and African American male students have lower rates of meeting standards in 3rd grade English Language Arts. Addressing obstacles keeping some Latinx students from success is a priority. The district focuses on allocating resources through a racial equity framework, culturally responsive instruction, supportive environments, partnering with families and communities, and making commitments to eliminate achievement gaps. Initiatives include culturally responsive professional development, a teacher leadership cadre, and building leadership teams focused on racial equity. Community-based workgroups with representatives from education, health, housing and other sectors collaborate to identify root causes of inequities and foster
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This document summarizes a presentation given by Dr. Efrain Talamantes on culture and resilience in Latino health, past, present, and future. The presentation discusses how cultural strengths can be leveraged to improve health equity for Latinos. It outlines five strategies for making health equity a priority in healthcare organizations: making it a leader-driven priority, developing supportive structures and processes, taking actions to address social determinants of health, confronting institutional racism, and partnering with community organizations. The presentation then explores how personal experiences with language barriers, low income, and lack of resources can build qualities needed in healthcare providers today, like being bilingual and culturally competent.
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This document summarizes key policies and events related to Mexican immigration to the United States from the early 20th century to recent years. It outlines increasing restrictions on immigration through U.S. laws from 1903 to 1924. It then examines Mexican immigration and migration patterns from 1900-1930, the Great Depression and mass deportations, and the Bracero program from 1942-1964. The document also discusses immigration reform and control acts of 1986 and 1996, as well as more recent changes including DACA.
06 call toaction_alfiealvaradoramos
This document contains information about Latino veterans in Washington state. It states that there are approximately 552,000 veterans, 65,000 active duty troops, and 18,000 reservists in Washington state. Of those, 27,000 veterans and 115,000 family members are Latino. It also lists benefits available to veterans and their families from the VA as well as additional benefits and programs provided by Washington state for veterans.
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This document discusses building pathways to improve Latinx health through mindful change and calls to action. It describes Dr. Victoria Breckwich Vasquez's work promoting preventive health services and training at Sea Mar Community Health Centers. It also discusses occupational health and safety concerns around sexual harassment of farmworkers. The document outlines a presentation and discussions around prioritizing Latinx health issues and identifying individual and collaborative actions across different levels of impact. The overall goal is to motivate and inspire community members to join calls to action to improve Latinx health.
05 session 2 - Juan Raul Gutierrez
This document provides an overview of a presentation given on the trauma caused by immigration fear and enforcement in Latino communities. The presentation discusses how immigration policy changes have increased fear and stress in Latino communities, negatively impacting mental and physical health. It also outlines a clinical approach used at school-based health centers that aims to address the needs of immigrant youth through comprehensive primary care, mental health services, and legal support. The approach emphasizes trauma-informed care, cultural humility, and resilience.
04 Plenary Session - America Bracho
The document summarizes key principles and concepts from several sources related to community health and engagement:
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2) It emphasizes that communities are key to improving health outcomes and should be actively involved in research, advocacy and determining solutions.
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03 Session 1 - Juan Carlos Belliard
This document discusses how community health workers (CHWs), also known as promotores, can help address social determinants of health and improve health outcomes. It outlines the roles and characteristics of CHWs, including that they are trusted community members who can help increase access to services, provide health education and social support, and advocate for patients and communities. The document also presents examples of how health systems and clinics are utilizing CHWs, and argues that their use can help decrease emergency room visits and hospitalizations while improving health and patient satisfaction.
02 KeyNote - Sonja Diaz
This document discusses the Latino physician crisis in California. It notes that while Latinos comprise nearly 40% of California's population, they make up only 11.6% of the state's MD graduates. There is currently a shortage of over 54,000 Latino physicians in the state. At the current rate of around 110 Latino MD graduates per year, it would take nearly 500 years to close this gap. The document advocates for data-driven, strategic, and agile policy solutions that consider equity and demography. It suggests short-term solutions like loan repayment programs and weighting language proficiency in admissions. Long-term solutions proposed include new medical schools and programs focused on increasing the number of Latino physicians.
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This document summarizes care coordination services for at-risk pregnant women and new mothers in Pierce County. It outlines 20 pathways or types of support available, including medical, social, and family planning services. Care coordination is provided through several agencies using a centralized intake process. The document also notes that infant mortality rates are higher in Pierce County than the state average, and twice as high for African American and American Indian populations. The goal is to reduce health inequities by coordinating support services.
01 opening remarks_marcprovence
This document summarizes Healthier Washington's Medicaid Transformation initiatives. It discusses three interconnected initiatives: Accountable Communities of Health, Long-Term Services and Supports, and Foundational Community Support Services. The Accountable Communities of Health involve 9 regional organizations working in areas like care coordination, opioid use reduction, and chronic disease management. The initiatives aim to address health inequities by improving access to services. Moving forward the focus will be on implementing projects, evaluating outcomes, and building sustainable partnerships.
Latino health forum 10.12.2017
The document summarizes Washington State's Healthier Washington initiative, which aims to transform Medicaid (Apple Health) delivery over five years through three main strategies:
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2) Providing long-term services and supports to delay need for intensive care.
3) Supporting housing and employment through Medicaid benefits.
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This document discusses community partnerships between educational institutions to develop workforce pipelines for the Latino community. It outlines existing relationships between Everett Community College, University of Washington Bothell, and the Latino Education Training Institute. It then describes two key projects - the UW Bothell Summer Latinx Intern Project and a pathway from Medical Assistant to Health Studies - that were created through cross-institutional collaboration. The document concludes that shared core values, relationships, determination, courage, and trust were what made this important work possible.Session i important consideration in addressing the health needs of the latin...
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This document discusses the health needs and challenges facing the LGBTQ Latinx community. It notes that LGBTQ Latinx individuals often face greater barriers to healthcare access and worse health outcomes compared to heterosexual white individuals. They have higher rates of being uninsured, delaying or not seeking care, and delaying or not filling prescriptions. They also have higher rates of HIV diagnoses. The document attributes these disparities to social factors like discrimination, immigration status barriers, and lack of supportive environments. It emphasizes the importance of healthcare providers creating inclusive spaces for LGBTQ Latinx patients and considering their unique needs and experiences.Session i important consideration in addressing the health needs of the latin...
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This document describes a study that examined the sexual health of Latinx LGBTQ women in Seattle through qualitative interviews. It discusses the background and public health significance of focusing on this population, which faces health disparities. It outlines the theoretical framework of intersectional feminism that guided the research. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured protocol and template analysis was used to analyze the data. Key themes identified included that participants' sexual identities and behaviors were shaped by social and cultural contexts, they lacked sexual health knowledge, valued taking care of their sexual health, and behaviors varied. The document concludes by discussing potential public health strategies to improve healthcare access for LGBTQ populations.Opening remarks david reyes
The document discusses Latino health equity and innovative approaches. It notes that social and economic factors account for 40% of health determinants. Statistics are provided showing Latinos in Washington state have lower life expectancy, higher child poverty rates, and less home ownership compared to other groups. The document defines health equity as conditions that give everyone the opportunity to reach their best health by addressing inequities. It discusses how inequities differ from health disparities and provides data showing quality of care and insurance coverage disparities exist along racial/ethnic lines. The need for multilevel action at the individual, community, and system levels is discussed to promote equity and social justice.
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- 1. Latino Health: The Intersection of Race, Racism, and Health Care Delivery Edwin Lindo, JD Dept. of Family Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine *Statements are my own.
- 2. What We WIll Cover: - Pathologizing of Race – - What Happens To Our Community? - - Immigration Policies & Health - - Solidarity With The Black Community -
- 4. Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778), a Swedish physician, botanist, and zoologist, was a celebrated researcher in biologically defining human race. In Systema Naturae (1767), he labeled four “varieties” of human species. Each one was described as possessing the following physiognomies characteristics “varying by culture and place”: The Americanus: red, choleraic, righteous; black, straight, thick hair; stubborn, zealous, free; painting himself with red lines, and regulated by customs. The Europeans: white, sanguine, browny; with abundant, long hair; blue eyes; gentle, acute, inventive; covered with close vestments; and governed by laws. The Asiaticus: yellow, melancholic, stiff; black hair, dark eyes; severe, haughty, greedy; covered with loose clothing and ruled by opinions. The Afer or Africanus: black, phlegmatic, relaxed; black, frizzled hair; silky skin, flat nose, tumid lips; females without shame; mammary glands give milk abundantly; craftily, sly, lazy, cunning, lustful, careless; anoints himself with grease; and governed by caprice.
- 5. In 1779, Johann Blumenbach, a German scientist, doctor, physiologist and anthropologist was the first to utilize the term “race” as we have come to understand it today. He argued that it was not four species we should be identifying, but rather, five “races” by hierarchy: Caucasian or “white” race; Mongolian or “yellow-brown” race; Ethiopian or “black” race; American or “copper-red” race; Malayan or “black-brown” race; A class or breed of animals; a group of individuals having certain characteristics in common, owing to a common inheritance. Source: Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition A group of people identified as distinct from other groups because of supposed physical or genetic traits shared by the group. Most biologists and anthropologists do not recognize race as a biologically valid classification, in part because there is more genetic variation within groups than between them. Source: The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary 1. a vague unscientific term for a group of genetically related people who share certain physical characteristics. 2. a distinct ethnic group characterized by traits that are transmitted through their offspring. Source: Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 9th edition. Race is a social construction, a concept that has no objective reality but rather is what people decide it is Source: (Berger & Luckmann, 1963). CRT Definition: A socially and politically constructed taxonomy based on perceived skin color (and oftentimes culture), with no scientific or biological determinacy, used for the purpose of allocating resources. Source: Edwin Lindo, 2019 Ethnic [eth´nik]: Pertaining to a social group whose members share cultural bonds or physical (racial) characteristics. Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. © 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
- 6. Definitions varied from census to census, but Mulatto generally meant someone who is black and at least one other race Added in 1860. Added in 1880.
- 10. Physiology Genetics Race Gender Sexual Orientation Immigration Status Soci-economic Socio-Political Identity Biological Identity Our Identities Racism Sexism Cis-Sexism Xenophobia Poverty, etc. These Oppressions lead to many of the disparities in the social determinants of health
- 11. What Happens To Our Community In The US?
- 23. Moving From Health Disparities To Health Justice
- 24. Questions? Please feel free to contact me: Edwin Lindo eglindo@uw.edu Tweet me: @edwinlindo
Editor's Notes
- Make clear that the historical and present atrocities that will be presented in the slides are not an exhaustive list or the only injustices that occurred to these communities – they are just the most prevalent.
- Speak on Bidil; Anasthesia of blacks Pain among people of color Racialized Pharmaceuticals and racial genetic therapies.