Forensics, also known as forensic science, is the scientific examination of evidence in criminal cases. It involves the use of instruments like microscopes, computers, and lasers to analyze evidence. The history of forensics dates back to 1814, with developments in fingerprint analysis, blood typing, polygraph machines, and DNA analysis over subsequent decades. It is important in criminal cases for police to maintain a clear chain of custody of any collected evidence to prove it has not been tampered with.