The document outlines the concept of gender as a social construct distinct from biological sex, emphasizing the importance of gender equality in development strategies. It highlights the Gender and Development (GAD) approach, which aims to address the imbalance between men and women in terms of social and economic resources through strategies like gender mainstreaming and the recognition of both practical and strategic gender needs. The document also discusses legal frameworks supporting GAD initiatives in the Philippines, including national mandates and the establishment of government agencies focused on women's roles and empowerment.

1. GROUP 1
GENDER
AND
DEVELOPMENT
REPORTERS
Erica Mae Quitaleg
Allyssa Pearl Vasquez
Julie Ann Egido

2. WHAT IS GENDER?
First of all “gender” is a distinguished for
“sex” in the latter refers to being man or
woman based on biological characteristics
including physical attributes pertaining to
body contour and features, hormones,
chromosomes and reproductive organs.

3. Gender is more of a social construct, that
is, it society and social institutions- family,
the community, government, church,
school, media- that shaped the concept of
maleness or femaleness and assigned
women and men particular roles based on
their biological differences.

4. WHY GAD?
Development seeks to meet people’s
basic needs, promote their economic
well- being, and enable the to pursue
interest and to participate in social
and political processes.

5. CAPACITIES CHECK
THE CAPACITY TO DO REFERS TO THE HOW
INDIVIDUALS ARE ABLE TO PERFORM THE THINGS
THEY WANT TO DO IN PURSUIT OF A BETTER LIFE,
SUCH AS TO.
• DO PRODUCTIVE AND SATISFYING WORK
• HAVE CONTROL OVER ONE’S INCOME AND
BENEFIT FROM IT
• ENJOY NATURE AND THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
• HAVE CHILDREN AND BRING THEM UP PROPERLY
• CARE FOR OTHERS

6. • BEING KNOWLEDGEABLE AND SKILFUL
• BEING WELL-NOURISHED
• BEING CONFIDENT OF ONE’S OWN
ABILITIES
• BEING COMFORTABLE WITH ONE’S
ACHIEVEMENTS, INDEPENDENCE AND
POWER.
The capacity to be gives them the
opportunities and resources attain their
aspiration for a better life, such as

7. GENDER EQUALITY IS A DEVELOPMENTAL OBJECTIVE IN ITS OWN
RIGHT. IF STRENGTHENS COUNTRIES ABILITIES TO GROW, TO
REDUCE POVERTY, AND TO GOVERN EFFECTIVELY, PROMOTING
GENDER EQUALITY IS THUS ON IMPORTANT OF A DEVELOPMENT
STRATEGY THAT SEEKS TO ENABLE ALL PEOPLE- WOMEN AND MEN
TO ESCAPE POVERTY AND IMPROVE THEIR STANDARD OF LIVING
(WORLD BANK 2001).

8. GAD recognizes that gender equality does not yet exist,
that there is an imbalance in the status of women and of
men. It thus promotes a positive bias for women since
women are more generally excluded or disadvantaged in
relation to social and economic resources and decision
making. The desire results of GAD are gender equality and
women empowerment by including women’s views and
priorities in decision making about development process
and the setting of development goals.(Schalkwyk, et, al.
1996).

9. An important aspects of the GAD approach is
the use of strategy called gender
mainstreaming. This seeks to integrate
women and men’s concerns and experiences
in the design implementation monitoring and
evaluation of policies, programs, and projects
in all political, economic and social
agenda.(NCRFW,2002).

10. PRACTICAL, STRATEGIC NEEDS
Practical gender needs are based on women’s socially
accepted roles in society, they do not challenge the
gender division of labor or women subordinates status
in society. Its because they are practical in nature.
Response to practical gender needs are concerned
with easing women’s multiple burden (home,
employment, community, obligations). And supporting
women in their maternal functions.

11. GAD is a developmental perspective that
recognizes the legitimacy of gender equality as a
fundamental value that should be reflected in
development choices. The GAD is a critical lens with
which to view roles and relationships. It questions
society’s social, economic and political structures and
validity of the gender roles they ascribe to women and
men.

12. STRATEGIC GENDER NEEDS
Strategic gender needs recognize woman’s
Subordinate and marginalized status in society. They
exist within socio-political context, the objectives
maybe to abolish the gender division of labor, alleviate,
the burden of childcare and domestic work, remove
institutionalized forms of discrimination, achieve
freedom of choice over childbearing and to fight
violence against women and male control over them.
Addressing strategic gender needs leads to
transformed society where equality exist.

13. LEGAL BASES FOR GAD
The international mandates on GAD are;
• The united nations convention on the elimination
of all forms of discrimination against women.
• Beijing platform for action of the fourth world
conference on women.
• Un conferences on women, the international
conference on population and development, the
world summit for social development and the
habitat conference.

14. Its national mandates are;
• Section 14, article 11 of the 1987 constitution which states
recognizes the role of women in nation building and shall
ensure the fundamental equality before the law of women
and men.
• RA 7192 or the women development and nation building act
with promotes the integration of women as full and equal
partners of men in development and nation building.
• Section 28 of the general appropriation act (GAA) from 1995
to 2000 directing government entities to formulate a GAD
plan, the cost of which shall not be less than 5% or their
yearly budget. Otherwise known as the GAD budget.

15. • Executive order (EO)273 directing all
government agencies and local levels to
“institutionalize (GAD) efforts in
government by incorporating GAD
concerns in their planning, programming,
and budgeting process” and
• Local budget memorandum no. 28 which
direct local government units to mobilize
resources to mainstream and implement
gender and development programs using
the 5% development fund.

16. The Philippine government also created
agencies with specific programs on women.
• National commission on the role of Filipino
women
• Department of labor and employment’s
bureau of women and young workers
• Department of agriculture’s bureau of
agricultural extension
• Department of social welfare and
development’s bureau of women’s welfare.

17. THANKYOU