1) The document discusses the history and development of cell phone technology from its origins in the 1830s to modern smartphones. 2) It explores both the benefits and disadvantages of increased cell phone usage. Key benefits include enhanced social interaction and economic opportunities, while disadvantages include potential negative impacts on education, relationships, and moral values. 3) The document examines how cell phones have revolutionized communication and driven technological innovation, while also noting debates around their effects on social behaviors and the proliferation of issues like exam cheating, distraction, and crime.

1. Surname 1
NAME
PROFESSOR
LITERATURE AND LANGUAGE
DATE
Cell Phone Usage: Interaction between Social and
Technological Development.
History denotes how man has rapidly evolved from the Stone Age to the Agrarian Age to the
Industrial Age. All these periods have been marked by certain forms of revolution. Currently,
many say that man is in the Informational age, otherwise referred to as technoculture. This
period has been characterized by the proliferation of information and technology. Every other
day, new invention is being released into the market. Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) is one of the technologies that have taken the world by storm. Traditional
forms of ICT such as the television and telephone are quickly being replaced by computers and
cellular phones.
1. History of cell phones.
Cell phones have grown to become a basic necessity to people. They are part and parcel of day to
day living.The genesis of cell phones is in the year 1832 when a man by the name Samuel Morse
invented the electromagnetic telegraph (Marples 1). His experiment using underwater cables was
interrupted as a ship pulled the cable. Undeterred, Morse went on giving birth to wireless by
conduction concept. His research was improved on by an analytical chemist, Michael Faraday in
1843. As time went on, major leaps and bounds were made. In 1954, Martin Cooper, famously
referred to as the father of the cellular phone, led the Motorola cell phone research. The first cell

2. Surname 2
phone was a Motorola Dyna-Tac, weighing 2.5pounds (1.13kg).Its features included talking,
listening and dialing with a recharge time of upto ten hours.
2. Modern day cell phones.
Modern day cell phones are nothing compared to the Motorola Dyna-Tac. For starters, they do
not weigh 1.3 kgs! They are more portable and have very many features. Today‟s cell phone is
not limited to texting and calling. Apart from this, they have other features such as application
stores. With these, one can easily access the internet via their cellphone and download whatever
kind of information they need.
The mobile phone technology has revolutionized the world. Katz gives statistics revealing that
the cellular phone enjoys over two billion subscriptions (1). However,it is seen as the culture of
the youth. Young people are the primary users of the mobile phone. Most mobile phone
manufacturing companies design cell phone models with young people in mind. In fact, some of
these firms only employ young people to give their products a youthful touch. Since the target
market is into entertainment, smaller industries have cropped up that design mobile games and
“mobisides” video content tailor-made for the mobile phone.
It is important to look at how the cellar phone technology has affected the general welfare of
people. On the social front, one may suggest that it has enhanced interaction between people. Not
only is cell phone interaction cheap but also fast. Nowadays, a person is just a phone call away.
In restrictive cultures where interaction between boys and girls is curtailed, all they need is a cell
phone. The mobile phone has contributed to the maintenance of social relationships. In addition
to this, people can access social networks via their cell phones. Thus, the global village keeps
getting smaller and smaller.

3. Surname 3
The cell phone technology has revolutionized the business sector. Businessmen and women have
cell phones as their companions. This is because communication between them is now not only
with their suppliers but also with their customers. Such interactions have helped many businesses
to grow. If one ran out of supplies, all they have to do is call their suppliers. I f the customer
wanted to know if a certain product is in stock, all they have to do is call the retailer.
Developing markets have also benefited from the cell phone. With large numbers of subscribers,
telecommunication industries are growing at a fast rate. The revenue collected in turn goes to the
government which then improves on the welfare of its people. In turn people‟s living standard
improves.
In addition to that cell phones have given rise to mobile money transfers. Financial services can
now be enjoyed by all and sundry. A good example of such a service is the M-Pesa service in
Kenya. Through this service, people can buy airtime, pay their bills and even access their bank
accounts in the comfort of their houses. One no longer needs to make long queues at different
service centers.
Another benefit of the cell phone is the creation of employment opportunities especially in the
developing countries. The cell phone has created jobs for people to work as mobile software
engineers and developers, designers, customer service providers, airtime dealers and money
transfer agents; just but a few.
The cell phone technology has also contributed to the enhancement of other technologies.
Wireless cell phone technology has been applied to the internet connectivity. Apart from this,
Bluetooth technology is now applied to both cell phones and computers. With this technology,
one can easily transfer data from one phone to the other.

4. Surname 4
On the other hand, a pessimist may argue that mobile phones are tearing apart the social fabric of
society. A while back, parents would be in constant contact with their children. With the advent
of the mobile phone, relationship between parents and children has been reduced to phone calls
and text messages.
In the education sector, mobile phones have been used to propagate exam cheating. After all,
they are small portable gadgets. In classrooms, the concentration span of the student is reduced
since they are always on their phones chatting away. Teachers also fall prey to the lure of the
mobile phone. Several times have teachers walked out on students as they excuse themselves to
receive phone calls.
Today, it is no longer about one having a cell phone but the type of cell phone you have. Cell
phones are used to determine one‟s status. If one has a cell phone, that has only the basic
features, they are categorized differently from one who has a phone with much more features.
Nowadays it is almost a crime not to have a smart phone.
The use of cell phones has affected the behavioral tendencies of a person as explained by
Omotayo et al (127-135). Cell phone use has negative effects that its use not allowed in certain
social places as restaurants. It has been known to dilute the interaction expectations. The research
goes on to suggest that the use of the cell phone impoverishes the user‟s cognitive capacity that
is already limited in the first place. The use of the cell phone puts a lot of physical and cognitive
demand on its user.
To add insult to injury, nowadays robbery can easily be propagated through the cell phone. With
the inception of mobile banking, conmen are on the rampage to steal from cell phone
subscribers. All they need is to hack into your cell phone details and they will smile all the way

5. Surname 5
home from the „earnings they have made. Others are audacious enough to actually call a person
and under whatever guise, ask for money.
We cannot be oblivious to the impact of cell phones on the moral fabric of the society. Since the
cell phone is used to access the internet, one can use it to access for example pornographic sites.
This contributes to the decadence of behavior.
In conclusion, the cell phone technology has contributed hugely to the improvement of lives.
However, it calls upon us to embrace the benefits and work at eliminating its disadvantages.

6. Surname 6
WORK CITED.
Katz, James, Wang, Jing. “Cell Phone Culture”. http://web.mit.edu?comm.forum/forum/cell-
phone-culture.htm, accessed on Nov 4 2011. Web.
Marples, Gareth. “The History of Cell Phones: A vision realized”, www.thehistoryof.net/history-
of-cell-phones.html, accessed on Nov 4 2011. Web.
Omotayo, Banjo, Hu,Yifeng , Sundar, Shyam.S. “Cell Phone Usage & Social Interaction with
Proximate Others: Ringing in a theoretical model”The Open Communication
Journal.2008. Print.