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The document introduces a forensics class and discusses the major topics that will be covered, which include various forensic science disciplines like toxicology, firearms analysis, questioned documents analysis, and more. It lists the different disciplines according to the National Institute of Justice and explains that students will learn about and study these topics through their own research and experience in order to understand applications in legal investigations and crime solving.
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The document discusses various fields of forensic science that can assist forensic scientists in criminal investigations and court cases. It describes forensic pathology, toxicology, psychology, anthropology, archeology, entomology, odontology, serology, microanalysis and how each area can provide valuable evidence about the victim, cause of death, timeline of events, or help identify suspects. It emphasizes that forensic scientists rely on expertise from these different areas to strengthen criminal cases and make convictions.
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Physical evidence can identify or compare substances and link people and objects. Identification determines what a substance is through testing, while comparison examines if two items have a common origin. Common types of identification include drugs, gasoline, and bodily fluids. Individual characteristics uniquely identify a source, while class characteristics associate evidence with a group. Forensic databases help compare evidence like fingerprints, DNA, bullets, and paint to solve crimes. Physical evidence is examined at crime scenes, autopsies, and labs to determine causes of death and link people, placing importance on probability and avoiding bias.
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Forensic science utilizes principles from various sciences like biology, chemistry, and physics to analyze physical evidence for legal purposes. It aims to reconstruct events of crimes by determining what happened, where, when, how, and to whom using scientific methods. Forensic scientists work to identify suspects, link people and crimes, support or disprove witness testimony, and eliminate suspects through analysis of evidence. Their work provides impartial evidence for use in courts of law.
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Postmortem toxicology examines whether alcohol, drugs, or poisons caused or contributed to a person's death. Investigating officers provide toxicologists with case details to plan analyses and interpret results. Every submitted case requires an accompanying form with information to assist toxicologists in selecting appropriate analysis methods and later interpreting results. Forensic toxicology involves detecting and identifying poisons in legal investigations and relating concentrations to toxicity. Poisons are classified by extraction method for analytical purposes.
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Forensic science is the application of science to address legal questions. It involves using scientific methods and techniques to investigate and establish facts in criminal or civil cases. Forensic science assists in criminal investigations by analyzing evidence scientifically to help identify individuals, reconstruct events, and determine causes of injuries or death. Some key branches of forensic science include forensic pathology, anthropology, odontology, serology, toxicology, and questioned documents.
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The document discusses different types of drugs, their effects, and legal classifications. It describes narcotics like opiates which induce sleep and relieve pain, and hallucinogens that alter normal thought processes. It outlines the Controlled Substances Act which categorizes drugs into 5 schedules based on their medical value and potential for abuse, with Schedule I being the most restricted. Various presumptive and confirmatory drug tests are also mentioned that can identify the presence of substances like heroin, amphetamines, and cocaine.
Drugs ii
This document discusses various drug detection and confirmation tests, including presumptive color tests that provide preliminary results but are not admissible in court. It outlines several specific presumptive color tests like the Marquis, Dillie-Koppanyi, and Duquenois-Levine reagents tests. The document also covers microcrystalline tests that use a reagent mixed with a suspect sample to potentially produce a crystalline precipitate confirming the presence of drugs like cocaine, GHB, methadone, or methamphetamine.
Drugs
This document summarizes different types of drugs and their classification under the Controlled Substances Act. It describes narcotics/opiates like morphine, heroin and codeine that induce sleep and relieve pain. It also mentions hallucinogens like LSD, depressants, stimulants like amphetamines and cocaine. The Controlled Substances Act categorizes drugs into 5 schedules based on their potential for abuse and accepted medical use - with Schedule I being the most restrictive for drugs like heroin, LSD and marijuana. Higher schedules have lesser restrictions and may include opium, cocaine, amphetamines and barbiturates.
Hair
This document discusses trace evidence, specifically hair. It provides reasons why hair is useful for analysis, such as its ability to resist decomposition and retain structure. However, hair cannot be individualized and has variable morphology within individuals. The document then describes hair structure including the cuticle, medulla, root cycle, and class characteristics like color, length, diameter and treatment.
0 10 18 fs intro
The document introduces a forensics class and discusses the major topics that will be covered, which include various forensic science disciplines like toxicology, firearms analysis, questioned documents analysis, and more. It lists the different disciplines according to the National Institute of Justice and explains that students will learn about and study these topics through their own research and experience in order to understand applications in legal investigations and crime solving.
2011 10-18 FS intro
The document introduces a forensics class and discusses the major topics that will be covered, which include various forensic science disciplines like toxicology, firearms analysis, questioned documents analysis, and more. It lists the different disciplines according to the National Institute of Justice and explains that students will learn about and study these topics through their own research and experience in order to understand applications in legal investigations and crime solving.
Dna presentation
The document discusses DNA analysis techniques including space-filling models of DNA structure, transcription, translation, and analysis of tandem repeats and short tandem repeats. It notes some limitations of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis including the need for large original DNA samples and fresh samples. The document also lists 13 short tandem repeat loci used in the CODIS database system and their identity probabilities in different populations.
Bullet and toolmark analysis
Firearms identification is a forensic discipline concerned with determining if a bullet was fired from a particular weapon. While class characteristics like groove patterns and caliber can provide some information, they are not enough for a positive identification. Examiners use comparison microscopes to analyze striation marks left on bullets and cartridge casings by the firearm's barrel and firing mechanism. This allows for positive identifications of bullets and casings to the weapons that fired them. However, shotguns present unique challenges due to the spread of pellets or slugs. Firearms examiners also perform other analyses like distance determination and reconstruction of shooting incidents. Proper evidence handling is important, such as unloading weapons safely before submitting them to labs and
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0 10 18 fs intro
- 1. Welcome to Garza 10-18 Forensics! Quirete et invenietis
- 2. Welcome to Garza 10-18 Forensics! Quirete et invenietis Adapt, Improvise, Overcome
- 3. What are we studying?
- 4. “ Forensic science is the application of a broad spectrum of sciences to answer questions of interest to a legal system.” 1
- 5. National Institute of Justice breaks down the major disciplines in Forensics this way:
- 18. How are we studying it?
- 20. From the horse’s mouth.
- 21. From your own experience.
- 22. By your own research.
- 23. Why are we studying it?
- 24. You might be one of these.
- 25. You’ve probably watched this.
- 26. You will probably become one of these.
- 27. What do I from you?
- 28. On time . . .
- 29. On time . . . that means early.
- 32. Guests, Principals, Other Staff.
- 33. 414-8696
- 34. 414-8668
- 35. Garza Code of Honor
- 36. Sources: 1 "Forensic Science." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia . Web. 22 Aug. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_science>. 2 National Institute of Justice. 2006. Status and Needs of Forensic Science Service Providers: A Report to Congress . Wed. 22 Aug. 2011 www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/pubs-sum/213420.htm .