Closing plenary talk given at the International Network of Environmental Forensics (INEF) 2016 conference held in Orebro, Sweden. Presentation covered the history of PCBs and dioxins and their roles in the birth of environmental forensics. The talk discussed a new definition of the term “Environmental Forensics” and provided five main points regarding environmental forensics investigations.
Presentation provides overview of different case studies that used environmental forensics to investigate sources of petroleum releases. Case studies include biomarker analysis to aid in identifying phytogenic and petrogenic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds for emission source apportionment and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments.
GeoConvention2016_Identifying Surface Casing Vent Flows (SCVF) Using Geoforen...Chemistry Matters Inc.
Presentation at 2016 GeoConvention in Calgary, Alberta. Presentation covered best practices for the collection of samples then using advanced geochemistry and geoforensics to identify source zones of SCVFs.
This document discusses characterizing the source zones of surface casing vent leaks using geochemistry. It provides examples of case studies where they used fluid and gas samples from surface casing vents and production casings to fingerprint the source zones through isotopic analysis. In complex cases, they combined fluid and gas characterization along with mudgas logs to identify the source zone within a 200-300m range. In simpler high gas flow cases, advanced isotopic models were needed to identify the source as a similar zone, since bulk gas compositions could implicate different zones. High quality samples, accurate isotope analysis, and accounting for microbial effects are needed to conclusively determine leak sources.
Unscrambling Contaminant Mixtures to Determine their Chemical FingerprintsChemistry Matters Inc.
Many contaminated sites have mixed plumes or contaminants of concern from multiple potential sources. Examples of mixed plumes could include mixed free phase petroleum plumes (e.g. condensate) or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from crude oil spills mixing with upstream or local anthropogenic sources (storm water runoff) of PAHs in sediments.
There are several advanced statistical techniques that can be used to determine the number and different sources of contaminant present on the site. In addition, these statistical tools can also apportion the amount of contaminants in each sample, thereby allowing liability to be distributed according the chemistry of the contaminants and those responsible for the release. Apportionment is important for litigious cases as it allows the calculation of who should pay for what portion of the cleanup.
Tools using positive matrix factorization (PMF) have been developed by US EPA but are no longer being supported are still publicly available to use. These techniques can be applied to many different chemical mixtures such as condensates or mixed petroleum hydrocarbon plumes. We have successfully applied the technique to PAHs from sediment data to allocate the source of the PAHs in the sediments to sources identified by the models. Unfortunately, these models are not definitive and provide multiple conclusions depending on their starting point which can make interpretation difficult and sometimes questionable, especially for litigation proceedings.
This presentation provides a summary of statistical tools used for chemical fingerprinting as well as the use of PMF and Bayesian modelling in order to provide some guidance on model usage for contaminant apportionment. The models need to be applied conservatively and require chemistry interpretation to elucidate what end members have been identified by the model and if those end members make sense. The models will be applied to a real case study scenarios to demonstrate their application.
Lawyers, regulators and environmental professionals involved in spill monitoring and liability determination will find this presentation educational in how these statistical models are able to determine sources and amounts of those sources of contaminants on site.
Presentation from 2007 to AWMA conference on vapour intrusion. Presentation covers the environmental forensics investigation of gases to identify the sources of the potential vapour intrusion. Techniques used both standard gas analysis as well as isotopic analysis of selected gases to identify the likely sources.
Presentation given by Louis-César of INRS on "Industrial Process for CO2 Sequestration by Aqueous Mineral Carbonisation Using Alkaline Wastes and By-Product Valorization" at the Alternative CCS Pathways Workshop, Oxford Martin School, 26 June 2014
PIOGA/MSC Observations/Questions on PA DEP Radiation in Shale Drilling StudyMarcellus Drilling News
A document produced in August 2013 jointly by the Marcellus Shale Coalition (MSC) and the Pennsylvania Independent Oil and Gas Association (PIOGA) questioning some of the criteria and scope of a proposed study now under way and being conducted by the PA Dept. of Environmental Protection (DEP). The DEP is studying the extent and scope of radiation in shale drilling waste, and whether or not they need to establish regulatory standards to control it.
This is a presentation on translating environmental risk assessment outputs to socioeconomic impact inputs under REACH that I gave in March 2010 to the Socieconomic Analysis Committee of the European Chemicals Agency in Helsinki.
Presentation provides overview of different case studies that used environmental forensics to investigate sources of petroleum releases. Case studies include biomarker analysis to aid in identifying phytogenic and petrogenic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds for emission source apportionment and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments.
GeoConvention2016_Identifying Surface Casing Vent Flows (SCVF) Using Geoforen...Chemistry Matters Inc.
Presentation at 2016 GeoConvention in Calgary, Alberta. Presentation covered best practices for the collection of samples then using advanced geochemistry and geoforensics to identify source zones of SCVFs.
This document discusses characterizing the source zones of surface casing vent leaks using geochemistry. It provides examples of case studies where they used fluid and gas samples from surface casing vents and production casings to fingerprint the source zones through isotopic analysis. In complex cases, they combined fluid and gas characterization along with mudgas logs to identify the source zone within a 200-300m range. In simpler high gas flow cases, advanced isotopic models were needed to identify the source as a similar zone, since bulk gas compositions could implicate different zones. High quality samples, accurate isotope analysis, and accounting for microbial effects are needed to conclusively determine leak sources.
Unscrambling Contaminant Mixtures to Determine their Chemical FingerprintsChemistry Matters Inc.
Many contaminated sites have mixed plumes or contaminants of concern from multiple potential sources. Examples of mixed plumes could include mixed free phase petroleum plumes (e.g. condensate) or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from crude oil spills mixing with upstream or local anthropogenic sources (storm water runoff) of PAHs in sediments.
There are several advanced statistical techniques that can be used to determine the number and different sources of contaminant present on the site. In addition, these statistical tools can also apportion the amount of contaminants in each sample, thereby allowing liability to be distributed according the chemistry of the contaminants and those responsible for the release. Apportionment is important for litigious cases as it allows the calculation of who should pay for what portion of the cleanup.
Tools using positive matrix factorization (PMF) have been developed by US EPA but are no longer being supported are still publicly available to use. These techniques can be applied to many different chemical mixtures such as condensates or mixed petroleum hydrocarbon plumes. We have successfully applied the technique to PAHs from sediment data to allocate the source of the PAHs in the sediments to sources identified by the models. Unfortunately, these models are not definitive and provide multiple conclusions depending on their starting point which can make interpretation difficult and sometimes questionable, especially for litigation proceedings.
This presentation provides a summary of statistical tools used for chemical fingerprinting as well as the use of PMF and Bayesian modelling in order to provide some guidance on model usage for contaminant apportionment. The models need to be applied conservatively and require chemistry interpretation to elucidate what end members have been identified by the model and if those end members make sense. The models will be applied to a real case study scenarios to demonstrate their application.
Lawyers, regulators and environmental professionals involved in spill monitoring and liability determination will find this presentation educational in how these statistical models are able to determine sources and amounts of those sources of contaminants on site.
Presentation from 2007 to AWMA conference on vapour intrusion. Presentation covers the environmental forensics investigation of gases to identify the sources of the potential vapour intrusion. Techniques used both standard gas analysis as well as isotopic analysis of selected gases to identify the likely sources.
Presentation given by Louis-César of INRS on "Industrial Process for CO2 Sequestration by Aqueous Mineral Carbonisation Using Alkaline Wastes and By-Product Valorization" at the Alternative CCS Pathways Workshop, Oxford Martin School, 26 June 2014
PIOGA/MSC Observations/Questions on PA DEP Radiation in Shale Drilling StudyMarcellus Drilling News
A document produced in August 2013 jointly by the Marcellus Shale Coalition (MSC) and the Pennsylvania Independent Oil and Gas Association (PIOGA) questioning some of the criteria and scope of a proposed study now under way and being conducted by the PA Dept. of Environmental Protection (DEP). The DEP is studying the extent and scope of radiation in shale drilling waste, and whether or not they need to establish regulatory standards to control it.
This is a presentation on translating environmental risk assessment outputs to socioeconomic impact inputs under REACH that I gave in March 2010 to the Socieconomic Analysis Committee of the European Chemicals Agency in Helsinki.
techniques for detecting nanoparticles in wastewaterAlekhya Golla
techniques for seperating and analysing the metal containing nanoparticles in wastewater. these techniques are helpful in recycling process of industrial effluents containing nanowastes.
Green feed in methane mitigation...muneendra kumarMuneendra Kumar
This document provides an overview of enteric methane production in ruminants and techniques for measuring methane emissions. It discusses how methane is produced in the rumen and hindgut of ruminants as a byproduct of microbial fermentation. The document summarizes several techniques used to measure methane emissions, including respiration chambers, sulfur hexafluoride tracer, and the GreenFeed system. It provides details on how the GreenFeed system works and factors that can influence methane measurements using this technique, such as animal visitation patterns and head movement during measurements.
Use of GCxGC-TOFMS in litigious mixed condensate plumes: Environmental forens...Chemistry Matters Inc.
Authors: Court D. Sandau and Lisa N. Kates
Chemistry Matters Inc.
Abstract; Condensate is a complex mixture of light petroleum hydrocarbons that is primarily used to dilute heavy crude oil for transport through pipelines. Many heavy oils, especially bitumen from the oil sands in northern Alberta, use condensate to dilute the bitumen to allow the product to flow to refineries where the oil can be upgraded. This is where the term ‘Dilbit’ was derived. Condensate is valuable; it can be recycled and reused and is frequently transported through the North American pipeline network. Pipelines gather at pipeline terminals where there can be multiple sources and multiple suppliers of different types of condensates. When leaks occur at these terminals, it can be difficult to determine the exact source of the leak, especially if pipeline integrity seems intact. GCxGC-TOFMS is the ideal technique to examine mixed condensate plumes as it allows the comprehensive fingerprint of the condensate to be determined and simultaneously provides substantial data to evaluate weathering and plume movement. In addition, the amount of chemicals measured using GCxGC-TOFMS can allow source apportionment of multiple sources so that allocation of the cleanup responsibility can be made. This presentation will discuss the use of GCxGC-TOFMS in legal case studies involving mixed condensate plumes. Real scenarios of condensate plumes will be presented showing how GCxGC-TOFMS data clarified the results compared to conventional analysis. This presentation will also cover the hurdles of using a novel and unconventional technique for litigation proceedings.
This document summarizes a presentation on controlling diesel exhaust exposure through emissions-based maintenance. It discusses the health risks of diesel exhaust, current testing and maintenance practices, barriers to implementing emissions-based maintenance, and case studies demonstrating how identifying and addressing maintenance issues through regular emissions testing can significantly reduce worker exposure to diesel particulate matter and other pollutants. The presentation concludes by discussing the benefits and challenges of an emissions-based maintenance approach for controlling diesel exhaust exposure.
Dust Characterization and Source Apportionment at an Active Surface Mine in West Virginia by Dr. Nick Basta, Shane Whitacre, Dr. Vlad Kecojevic, Ali Lashgari, and Dr. Braden Lusk
Using environmental forensics techniques to identify fugitive methane. Techniques included VOCs, fixed gases, stable isotopes, and radioactive carbon to identify soil gas samples from a variety of urban settings.
THE INTERNATIONAL NETWORK OF ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICSalan917
This document discusses how Albert Einstein may fare as a forensic expert and provides strategies for effectively communicating complex forensic information in court. It outlines challenges experts and lawyers face, such as presenting complex analysis simply and identifying faults in opposing testimony. Strategies include teaching basic concepts, using plain English, engaging the adjudicator, and developing a conceptual site model. The document emphasizes using visual aids like diagrams and maps to create a clear impression. It also stresses preparing for cross-examination through mock sessions. Overall, the key is distilling technical information clearly without oversimplifying, while addressing all relevant evidence.
The document discusses guidelines for collecting and preserving forensic samples. Key points include:
- Samples should be collected avoiding contamination using gloves and labeled properly. They should be collected as soon as possible.
- Common samples include blood, semen, hair, and buccal swabs which are collected using sterile materials like swabs, tubes and bags.
- Samples like blood, semen stains and hard tissues require no preservative while soft tissues and swabs should be refrigerated or frozen. All samples must be packaged and stored securely to maintain integrity of the evidence.
Forensic science is the application of science to matters of law. It involves the examination of physical evidence found at crime scenes to help establish facts. Forensic scientists study evidence to identify its origin and how it got to the crime scene. They then present their expert analysis and conclusions in court. Crime labs, which can be public or private, have different units that examine different types of evidence using various scientific disciplines like chemistry, biology, and physics.
This document provides an introduction to forensic science. It defines forensic science as using scientific methods to examine information about the past, especially for legal purposes. Forensic science originated in ancient Rome where criminal cases were presented before public forums, with the best argument determining the outcome. The document outlines several fathers of modern forensic science disciplines like toxicology, ballistics, and fingerprinting. It traces the origins and development of forensic science from ancient accounts to its systemization starting in 16th century Europe. Key fields of forensic science discussed include toxicology, ballistics, anthropometry, and fingerprints.
Forensic science applies scientific knowledge and technology to criminal and civil law. Forensic scientists analyze physical evidence found at crime scenes and compare it to evidence from suspects. Their work and expert testimony in court helps determine guilt or innocence. Crime labs employ various specialists like those in biology, chemistry, fingerprints, documents, and more to analyze different types of evidence. Their work is important for the justice system.
An investigator's job is to determine key details of a crime including who the perpetrator and victim are, what happened and when, and how the crime occurred. They collect and analyze evidence from the crime scene such as fingerprints, DNA, footprints and insect activity to help establish things like the time of death and a potential suspect's height and movements. The investigator works methodically, carefully documenting and collecting all evidence before questioning witnesses and suspects to solve the crime.
Forensic science is the application of science to address legal matters. It involves using various scientific techniques to analyze evidence found at crime scenes. Some key areas of forensic science include analyzing fingerprints, DNA, ballistics, toxicology, pathology, entomology, questioned documents, and trace evidence. The goal is to apply scientific processes and reasoning to help determine exactly what happened in criminal cases.
As the oldest abstracting service, Chemisches Zentralblatt generated detailed abstracts of scientific research from
1840-1969. CAS, in partnership with Iconic Translation Machines (ITM), has made this information accessible in ChemZent TM , the first and only English searchable translation of Chemisches Zentralblatt.
After its introduction in 1840, Chemisches Zentralblatt quickly grew to be an invaluable resource for chemists. While the content is freely accessible via various online platforms, locating specific information in the volumes of Chemisches Zentralblatt can be challenging. To find a topic or author, the user needs to know the year and volume of interest. In addition, the content was previously only available in German.
Leveraging ITM technology and extensive CAS expertise processing scientific literature, the two companies teamed
to develop ChemZent. This historical content further enhances the most comprehensive and authoritative source of references, substances and reactions in chemistry and related sciences accessible in SciFinder ® . Three million English–translated abstracts are now searchable in SciFinder, making this rich source of content accessible to today’s researchers.
Memorial Lecture "Joaquim Costa Ribeiro". XIII SBPMat (Brazilian MRS) meeting. Given on September 28th by José Arana Varela (University of São Paulo State - UNESP - and São Paulo Research Foundation - FAPESP).
Nanomaterial design guided by the principles of green chemistryChemist Sayed
1. The document is a transcript from an ACS webinar presentation on applying green chemistry principles to nanotechnology.
2. It discusses designing nanomaterials and their synthesis using safer reagents and solvents to improve yields and efficiency while reducing impacts.
3. The presentation emphasizes applying the principles of green chemistry at the molecular level in nanomaterial design and development to maximize environmental and performance benefits.
Asbestos in Soil: Policy and Regulatory Challenges for 2018IES / IAQM
This document summarizes a presentation on selected policy and regulatory challenges related to asbestos in soil for 2018 and beyond. It discusses the SoBRA 'White Paper' on guidelines for airborne asbestos fibers in air, conclusions and recommendations from the Joint Industry Working Group, and challenges around defining trace amounts of asbestos and modeling risks from asbestos in soil. It also reviews the implications of more stringent air quality guidelines and the need for improved methods to measure low levels of asbestos fibers in air samples.
Profiling ignitable liquid residues (ILRs) and potential interfering compound...Chemistry Matters Inc.
During the 8th Multidimensional Chromatography Workshop 2017 in Toronto, Ontario, Dr. Court Sandau presented on profiling ignitable liquid residues (ILRs) and potential interfering compounds during arson and arsonous wildfire investigations.
This document provides an overview of green synthesis methods for nanoparticles. It discusses the challenges with traditional physical and chemical synthesis techniques that use toxic chemicals. The document then explores using plant extracts and waste materials for green synthesis of nanoparticles, specifically silver nanoparticles. It aims to develop clean, non-toxic, and eco-friendly synthesis methods that can be used in clinical and other applications.
Vegetation composition of extensive green roofs in Oslo, Norway / Defense of ...Marina Bakhtina
Extensive green roofs in Oslo – a presentation that was given by Marina Bakhtina on defense of master thesis at the University College of Southeast Norway (formerly, Telemark University College). The presentation outlines the master thesis with the special focus on the fieldwork in which 18 extensive green roofs were studied.
More photos from green roofs in Oslo 2015 in my blog: https://marinabakhtina.wordpress.com/
techniques for detecting nanoparticles in wastewaterAlekhya Golla
techniques for seperating and analysing the metal containing nanoparticles in wastewater. these techniques are helpful in recycling process of industrial effluents containing nanowastes.
Green feed in methane mitigation...muneendra kumarMuneendra Kumar
This document provides an overview of enteric methane production in ruminants and techniques for measuring methane emissions. It discusses how methane is produced in the rumen and hindgut of ruminants as a byproduct of microbial fermentation. The document summarizes several techniques used to measure methane emissions, including respiration chambers, sulfur hexafluoride tracer, and the GreenFeed system. It provides details on how the GreenFeed system works and factors that can influence methane measurements using this technique, such as animal visitation patterns and head movement during measurements.
Use of GCxGC-TOFMS in litigious mixed condensate plumes: Environmental forens...Chemistry Matters Inc.
Authors: Court D. Sandau and Lisa N. Kates
Chemistry Matters Inc.
Abstract; Condensate is a complex mixture of light petroleum hydrocarbons that is primarily used to dilute heavy crude oil for transport through pipelines. Many heavy oils, especially bitumen from the oil sands in northern Alberta, use condensate to dilute the bitumen to allow the product to flow to refineries where the oil can be upgraded. This is where the term ‘Dilbit’ was derived. Condensate is valuable; it can be recycled and reused and is frequently transported through the North American pipeline network. Pipelines gather at pipeline terminals where there can be multiple sources and multiple suppliers of different types of condensates. When leaks occur at these terminals, it can be difficult to determine the exact source of the leak, especially if pipeline integrity seems intact. GCxGC-TOFMS is the ideal technique to examine mixed condensate plumes as it allows the comprehensive fingerprint of the condensate to be determined and simultaneously provides substantial data to evaluate weathering and plume movement. In addition, the amount of chemicals measured using GCxGC-TOFMS can allow source apportionment of multiple sources so that allocation of the cleanup responsibility can be made. This presentation will discuss the use of GCxGC-TOFMS in legal case studies involving mixed condensate plumes. Real scenarios of condensate plumes will be presented showing how GCxGC-TOFMS data clarified the results compared to conventional analysis. This presentation will also cover the hurdles of using a novel and unconventional technique for litigation proceedings.
This document summarizes a presentation on controlling diesel exhaust exposure through emissions-based maintenance. It discusses the health risks of diesel exhaust, current testing and maintenance practices, barriers to implementing emissions-based maintenance, and case studies demonstrating how identifying and addressing maintenance issues through regular emissions testing can significantly reduce worker exposure to diesel particulate matter and other pollutants. The presentation concludes by discussing the benefits and challenges of an emissions-based maintenance approach for controlling diesel exhaust exposure.
Dust Characterization and Source Apportionment at an Active Surface Mine in West Virginia by Dr. Nick Basta, Shane Whitacre, Dr. Vlad Kecojevic, Ali Lashgari, and Dr. Braden Lusk
Using environmental forensics techniques to identify fugitive methane. Techniques included VOCs, fixed gases, stable isotopes, and radioactive carbon to identify soil gas samples from a variety of urban settings.
THE INTERNATIONAL NETWORK OF ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICSalan917
This document discusses how Albert Einstein may fare as a forensic expert and provides strategies for effectively communicating complex forensic information in court. It outlines challenges experts and lawyers face, such as presenting complex analysis simply and identifying faults in opposing testimony. Strategies include teaching basic concepts, using plain English, engaging the adjudicator, and developing a conceptual site model. The document emphasizes using visual aids like diagrams and maps to create a clear impression. It also stresses preparing for cross-examination through mock sessions. Overall, the key is distilling technical information clearly without oversimplifying, while addressing all relevant evidence.
The document discusses guidelines for collecting and preserving forensic samples. Key points include:
- Samples should be collected avoiding contamination using gloves and labeled properly. They should be collected as soon as possible.
- Common samples include blood, semen, hair, and buccal swabs which are collected using sterile materials like swabs, tubes and bags.
- Samples like blood, semen stains and hard tissues require no preservative while soft tissues and swabs should be refrigerated or frozen. All samples must be packaged and stored securely to maintain integrity of the evidence.
Forensic science is the application of science to matters of law. It involves the examination of physical evidence found at crime scenes to help establish facts. Forensic scientists study evidence to identify its origin and how it got to the crime scene. They then present their expert analysis and conclusions in court. Crime labs, which can be public or private, have different units that examine different types of evidence using various scientific disciplines like chemistry, biology, and physics.
This document provides an introduction to forensic science. It defines forensic science as using scientific methods to examine information about the past, especially for legal purposes. Forensic science originated in ancient Rome where criminal cases were presented before public forums, with the best argument determining the outcome. The document outlines several fathers of modern forensic science disciplines like toxicology, ballistics, and fingerprinting. It traces the origins and development of forensic science from ancient accounts to its systemization starting in 16th century Europe. Key fields of forensic science discussed include toxicology, ballistics, anthropometry, and fingerprints.
Forensic science applies scientific knowledge and technology to criminal and civil law. Forensic scientists analyze physical evidence found at crime scenes and compare it to evidence from suspects. Their work and expert testimony in court helps determine guilt or innocence. Crime labs employ various specialists like those in biology, chemistry, fingerprints, documents, and more to analyze different types of evidence. Their work is important for the justice system.
An investigator's job is to determine key details of a crime including who the perpetrator and victim are, what happened and when, and how the crime occurred. They collect and analyze evidence from the crime scene such as fingerprints, DNA, footprints and insect activity to help establish things like the time of death and a potential suspect's height and movements. The investigator works methodically, carefully documenting and collecting all evidence before questioning witnesses and suspects to solve the crime.
Forensic science is the application of science to address legal matters. It involves using various scientific techniques to analyze evidence found at crime scenes. Some key areas of forensic science include analyzing fingerprints, DNA, ballistics, toxicology, pathology, entomology, questioned documents, and trace evidence. The goal is to apply scientific processes and reasoning to help determine exactly what happened in criminal cases.
As the oldest abstracting service, Chemisches Zentralblatt generated detailed abstracts of scientific research from
1840-1969. CAS, in partnership with Iconic Translation Machines (ITM), has made this information accessible in ChemZent TM , the first and only English searchable translation of Chemisches Zentralblatt.
After its introduction in 1840, Chemisches Zentralblatt quickly grew to be an invaluable resource for chemists. While the content is freely accessible via various online platforms, locating specific information in the volumes of Chemisches Zentralblatt can be challenging. To find a topic or author, the user needs to know the year and volume of interest. In addition, the content was previously only available in German.
Leveraging ITM technology and extensive CAS expertise processing scientific literature, the two companies teamed
to develop ChemZent. This historical content further enhances the most comprehensive and authoritative source of references, substances and reactions in chemistry and related sciences accessible in SciFinder ® . Three million English–translated abstracts are now searchable in SciFinder, making this rich source of content accessible to today’s researchers.
Memorial Lecture "Joaquim Costa Ribeiro". XIII SBPMat (Brazilian MRS) meeting. Given on September 28th by José Arana Varela (University of São Paulo State - UNESP - and São Paulo Research Foundation - FAPESP).
Nanomaterial design guided by the principles of green chemistryChemist Sayed
1. The document is a transcript from an ACS webinar presentation on applying green chemistry principles to nanotechnology.
2. It discusses designing nanomaterials and their synthesis using safer reagents and solvents to improve yields and efficiency while reducing impacts.
3. The presentation emphasizes applying the principles of green chemistry at the molecular level in nanomaterial design and development to maximize environmental and performance benefits.
Asbestos in Soil: Policy and Regulatory Challenges for 2018IES / IAQM
This document summarizes a presentation on selected policy and regulatory challenges related to asbestos in soil for 2018 and beyond. It discusses the SoBRA 'White Paper' on guidelines for airborne asbestos fibers in air, conclusions and recommendations from the Joint Industry Working Group, and challenges around defining trace amounts of asbestos and modeling risks from asbestos in soil. It also reviews the implications of more stringent air quality guidelines and the need for improved methods to measure low levels of asbestos fibers in air samples.
Profiling ignitable liquid residues (ILRs) and potential interfering compound...Chemistry Matters Inc.
During the 8th Multidimensional Chromatography Workshop 2017 in Toronto, Ontario, Dr. Court Sandau presented on profiling ignitable liquid residues (ILRs) and potential interfering compounds during arson and arsonous wildfire investigations.
This document provides an overview of green synthesis methods for nanoparticles. It discusses the challenges with traditional physical and chemical synthesis techniques that use toxic chemicals. The document then explores using plant extracts and waste materials for green synthesis of nanoparticles, specifically silver nanoparticles. It aims to develop clean, non-toxic, and eco-friendly synthesis methods that can be used in clinical and other applications.
Vegetation composition of extensive green roofs in Oslo, Norway / Defense of ...Marina Bakhtina
Extensive green roofs in Oslo – a presentation that was given by Marina Bakhtina on defense of master thesis at the University College of Southeast Norway (formerly, Telemark University College). The presentation outlines the master thesis with the special focus on the fieldwork in which 18 extensive green roofs were studied.
More photos from green roofs in Oslo 2015 in my blog: https://marinabakhtina.wordpress.com/
Versatile and experienced chemist with seven years of expertise in research and development. Proficient in gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, HPLC, UVFNIL, ICPFAES, and wastewater analysis. Collaborative leader with demonstrated history of providing solutions to challenging problems facing industry managers and organizational teams. Bilingual in French and English.
An interdisciplinary consortium has been established in Russia to develop radiopharmaceutical approaches for effective prostate cancer diagnostics and therapy. The consortium includes several research institutions and aims to improve the situation within the next 3 years by developing new radiopharmaceuticals and generators using technetium-99m for diagnosis and rhenium-188 for treatment. The prostate-specific membrane antigen is a focus for tracer development due to its ability to detect cancer and metastases. Improved production of the medical isotopes and optimized generator design for high specific activity are also goals of the collaboration.
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS), a division of the American Chemical Society, is the world’s authority for chemical information. CAS is the only organization in the world whose objective is to find, collect and organize all publicly disclosed chemical substance information. A team of scientists worldwide curates and controls the quality of our databases, which are recognized as the most comprehensive and authoritative by chemical and pharmaceutical companies, universities, government organizations and patent offices around the world. By combining these databases with advanced search and analysis technologies (SciFinder® and STN®), CAS delivers the most current, complete, secure and interlinked digital information environment for scientific discovery.
Find more on: http://www.cas.org
Justin Withers from the Australian Research Council presented at University of Technology Sydney's RIA Data Management Workshop on 21 June 2018. In partnership with the Australian Research Council, the National Health and Medical Research Council, the Australian Research Data Commons, and RMIT University, this is part of a national workshop series in data management for research integrity advisors.
The EPA is conducting extensive internal and external research on nanotechnology to understand environmental and health implications. This research focuses on environmental fate and transport, exposure pathways, effects assessment methods, and risk analysis approaches. The goal is to develop proactive and predictive tools and strategies to manage any risks from nanomaterials while encouraging beneficial applications of the technology.
The document discusses uncertainties in modeling human and ecological risks from chemicals, nanomaterials, and microplastics in the environment. Current risk management is reactive, substance-by-substance, and resource intensive. Modeling risks considers sources, emission, fate, exposure, and effects, but faces many uncertainties. For chemicals, better use and spatially explicit emissions data is needed. Fate modeling requires improved degradation data, especially for ionizing compounds. Effect modeling needs more data on mixtures, genomics, and untested substances. For nanomaterials and microplastics, long-term fate and effects are particularly uncertain due to degradation questions and lack of data.
CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, organizes, analyzes and shares information that sparks discoveries that improve the lives of people everywhere. We are a global team of scientists and technologists who offer broad-based solutions that drive discovery and provide deep insights for the scientific enterprise. These breakthroughs lead to innovations that range from product improvements to revelations that solve some of the world’s biggest problems in areas such as the treatment of disease, sustainable energy, and the world’s food supply. Together, we will do great things.
Accelerating to Net Zero with Hydrogen Blending Standards Development in the ...KTN
Following on from these two webinars, a closed-door workshop took place on 15 March 2021 to further discussions between experts in the UK, Canada and the US. Please find a summary of discussions that took place during the workshop here.
Will green chemistry solve the problem of pollution?Anita GoswamiGiri
This document discusses green chemistry and efforts to reduce pollution through more sustainable chemical processes and products. It defines green chemistry as "the invention, design and application of chemical products and process to reduce or to eliminates the use and generation of hazardous substances." The document outlines 12 principles of green chemistry and provides examples of green chemistry innovations like the use of supercritical CO2 as a solvent. It also lists some of the world's greenest countries and cities based on environmental performance indices.
An interdisciplinary consortium was formed between several Russian organizations to develop radiopharmaceutical approaches for effective diagnostics and therapy of prostate cancer. The consortium aims to improve production technologies for Tc-99m and Re-188 generators, develop new quality assurance procedures, and produce radiopharmaceuticals that specifically target prostate cancer receptors. They also plan to develop an educational program to train specialists in technetium applications for prostate radiodiagnostics. The new radiopharmaceuticals and trained specialists will help improve prostate cancer management in Russia.
This document summarizes a presentation on mixed waste processing given at the 8th Canadian Waste Resources Symposium. It introduces MWP as a process using sorting and treatment technologies to recover resources from waste. Example MWP facilities from Halifax, Infinitus Renewable Energy Park, and Delaware County are described. The presentation discusses designing MWP systems to objectives like recyclables recovery or solid fuel production. It also compares MWP to source separation, noting factors like diversion rates, collection costs, and challenges with multi-family housing.
Similar to Future of environmental_forensics_inef2016 (20)
Fixing False Negatives, Using 2DGC-TOFMS to Correctly Identify Ignitable Liqu...Chemistry Matters Inc.
Wildfires continue to grow in frequency and intensity. Over 80% of wildfires are human caused, with over 20% being attributed to acts of arson. The ability to detect ignitable liquid residues (ILRs) in wildfire debris samples can be very problematic compared to structural fire debris samples.
Forensic methods used in the analysis of wildfire debris are complicated by the presence of natural interferences. Wildfires provide exceptionally difficult matrices compared to structural fires due to the facts that: ILRs are present at lower concentrations; ILRs are more dispersed; natural compounds are present at very high concentrations; structural similarity of natural compounds to ILR compounds; and matrix combustion forms other interfering compounds.
The resolving power of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC, 2DGC) combined with the sensitivity of a TOF-MS permits superior separation and detection of ILRs compared to conventional gas chromatography (1DGC). The high abundance of natural interferences dwarfs the ILR compounds in size and will mask their detection using conventional 1DGC. As arsonous wildfires can ignite with very low volumes of accelerants, better detection limits are required in order to find and identify ILRs in wildfire debris samples.
Case samples analyzed on both 1DGC and 2DGC showed re-analysis by 2DGC changed 7% of negative samples to positive for ILR, and 22% went from tentative to positive for ILR. Inspection of the Stauffer compounds shows some groups are more useful for ILR identification than others. The Three Musketeers Group was ubiquitous, while the Twin Towers and Five Fingers Groups were non-detects by 1DGC but present in up to 90% of positive samples by 2DGC. In addition, the use of 2DGC allows expansion of the targeted list of compounds to expand to all compounds present in gasoline which increase to over 2000 compounds, potentially allowing for gasoline fingerprinting.
River sediment contains natural organic material, largely derived from allochthonous sources, meaning a source from outside the river. This is particularly important when regarding polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which can have sources hundreds of kilometers from a sampling point within the river catchment. In fact, every river can contain PAHs from a source other than that which is the focus of a remedial investigation, and consideration of this is very important.
Presentation of the detection of PAHs in relation to guidelines is a requirement for regulatory purposes. However, if those PAHs are natural, or at least originate from a source that is unrelated to the investigation, why take responsibility for them?
In order to determine the source of PAHs it is important to collect the right kind of samples (fine grained, highly organic sediment), analyse for the right kind of chemical package (include alkylated PAHs), and interpret the results using the right kind of techniques.
This presentation will describe the correct, and incorrect use of environmental forensics techniques using example datasets from our work in Canadian oil spill response and US CERCLA investigations. It will focus on how to construct and interpret PAH fingerprints and ratios, and the use of statistics such as PCA. Environmental professionals involved in spill remediation or site monitoring will find this presentation applicable.
This document provides an outline for a presentation on using statistical analysis of soil data from site investigations to better understand environmental conditions at a site. It discusses a case study of a 50+ year old facility where extensive soil data had been collected over many years but significant remediation was still planned. The presentation aims to show how applying some basic statistics to compare the soil data to guidelines can reveal useful insights hidden in the data and potentially avoid unnecessary remediation costs. Key points that will be covered include reviewing site management practices, examining the soil data in detail, applying statistical analysis techniques, and reviewing the outcomes of a case study that incorporated these elements.
Multiple Lines of Evidence of PAH Fingerprinting and Source Apportionment of ...Chemistry Matters Inc.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous in the environment. They are produced naturally through forest fires with some congeners having biogenic origins. They are also produced anthropogenically through all burning or combustion processes.
245TCP - Perspectives on PCDD/Fs from a Review of Industrial Processes and Hi...Chemistry Matters Inc.
This document discusses the production of 245-TCP and the formation of PCDD/Fs during this process. It summarizes that the production process and any impurities in the starting materials can result in different PCDD/F fingerprints. Historical production methods, process diagrams, and experimental data are reviewed to understand how different fingerprints may form depending on the specific industrial process used. Determining these fingerprints can help identify sources of dioxin contamination at historical industrial sites.
Demystifying the Chain of Custody & Forensic Arson Analysis - IAAI 2017Chemistry Matters Inc.
The results for ignitable liquid residue (ILR) analysis depend on early decisions. Sometimes, results depend on decisions made before the investigator even leaves for the arson investigation site.
How to Maintain Legal Chain of Custody
Legal chain of custody is not only about documentation. You do need to document samples and sampling procedures, but as the custodian of samples, you should also be implementing processes and procedures that prevent cross contamination.
During this course, the legal sampling and legal chain of custody process will be discussed along with implications of the sampling process on the analytical results. This will include a discussion on appropriate sampling containers and how it can impact your results.
With this course, you will learn how sampling can impact the chemistry of your results and what you can do about it as well as developing a complete understanding of chain of custody for your courtroom defense.
ILR Analysis Methods
The sampling at the investigation site provides the best opportunity to optimize the detection of ILRs. Several points will be discussed on how to accomplish the best results possible.
Once samples are submitted to the laboratory, they are processed to determine if ILRs are present and what type of ILRs are on the samples. There are different methods for analysis of ILRs and these methods will be discussed.
ILR chemical analysis requires the determination of compounds present in samples collected from the investigation. These compounds need to be present at certain concentrations (above the laboratory detection limits), in certain ratios (patterns match known ILR patterns), and have enough of the marker compounds to determine the type of ILR used on the investigation.
Not all methods and results are equal. Learning the basics of ILR analysis will allow you to ask the hard and appropriate questions about your sample results. It may also help explain apparent false positives from canine detection units.
The Importance of Reference Samples
The topic of reference samples, sometimes incorrectly referred to as 'control samples' will be discussed.
All matrices collected at fire investigations can contain marker compounds used for ILR identification but are not present on those materials because of arson. Reference samples are key samples to any arson investigation and must be collected with purpose for every investigation.
The interferences present in reference samples can help ILR analysis determine the compounds that are present in background locations. This provides further insight for the investigation.
The use of reference samples is especially important in arsonous wildfire investigations. Since ILR marker compounds can be formed in the combustion process, ILR detection in arsonous wildfire samples can be inconclusive if not considered properly.
Using Fingerprinting Techniques and Multivariate Statistics to Identify Natur...Chemistry Matters Inc.
This document presents the findings of a study using fingerprinting techniques and multivariate statistics to distinguish between natural and anthropogenic salinity in soil samples. Radar plots and statistical analysis of parameters like chloride, calcium, sodium, and sulfate concentrations were used to group 54 site samples. Three distinct fingerprint patterns were identified, with two samples having natural salinity fingerprints similar to background samples, 48 samples having anthropogenic fingerprints different than background, and 3 samples having another separate fingerprint. Spatial analysis found the sample groupings correlated with wellsite features. The techniques were able to distinguish anthropogenic impacts despite low overall salinity levels.
Arson: The Science of Fire and Chemical Fingerprints Left Behind - MRU 2017Chemistry Matters Inc.
Wildfire frequency, severity and damages are increasing as climate change causes earlier snow melts and overall drier conditions. Forest fire can be caused by natural through lightning strikes, but the majority of wildfires are caused by humans. Of the 1200 wildfires reported in Alberta each year, over half are human caused. It is the job of a fire investigator to gather evidence at wildfires to determine the origin and causes of the wildfire. Roles of the investigator may include fire scene examination through to delivering court room evidence.
Fire investigations require the highest quality in sampling, legal chain of custody & sample handling, and testing & interpretation of ignitable liquid residues (ILRs). This role can be ideally filled by a chemist/scientist who has an in depth understanding of how all facets of a field program and how the analysis of samples can impact the interpretation and results. Ultimately, prosecution will depend on reliable ILR results and relaying these results to the fire investigators.
Dr. Sandau, and his team at Chemistry Matters, are one of Canada’s leading resources for wildfire arson investigation and have led investigations for some of the largest wildfires in North America. This presentation will explore the chemistry behind wildfire investigations. The chemistry starts from the field work and sampling with the use of canine detection units. It is then carried forward to the instrumentation used for laboratory analysis which is used for the interpretation and ending in testifying in a courtroom setting. This presentation will examine the evolution of our detection systems that allow us to measure molecules at the lowest levels and use their patterns to chemically fingerprint the ignitable liquid residues and other products used which provides valuable cutting edge evidence for potential convictions.
Where Does Toluene Come From? - Petrogenic families and biogenic loners, AGAT...Chemistry Matters Inc.
Specific ecological niches support the accumulation of biologically formed toluene, and the concentrations can easily be found in excess of remedial guidelines. The presence of biogenic toluene in environmental samples can confound remedial investigations of petroleum impacts. However,the determination of the origin of toluene that is acceptable by regulatory bodies requires a scientifically creditable demonstration using a forensic analytical approach, and forensic data interpretation.
This presentation demonstrates the application of established arson analysis methodology and forensic data interpretation methods that can distinguish the origin of toluene as either biogenic or petrogenic. Arson analysis methods are conducted for crime scene investigators to provide legal proof for the presence of petroleum distillates,if present, in relation to arson investigations. This same method can be applied in the environmental field for the defensible determination of the origin of toluene.
Chemistry Matters Inc.and the AGAT Forensic Laboratory provide analysis for arson investigations for the Government of Alberta and have applied this methodology successfully for the demonstration of biogenic toluene at a number of wetland investigation sites. Example data from wetland environments and a range of petrogenic types are presented to explain the operation of the method. Environmental professionals involved in spill remediation or site monitoring should find this presentation applicable.
Where Does Toluene Come From? - Petrogenic Families and Biogenic Loners, Wate...Chemistry Matters Inc.
The seasonal accumulation of toluene by microbiological processes within specific wetland environments is a locally-recognized, but little understood, process. It has not been documented within the peer-reviewed literature. Currently, there is no legally defensible method of distinguishing the origin of toluene in environmental samples.
The presence of biogenic toluene can confound environmental investigations relating to petroleum releases within wetland environments, which comprise a large area of northern Alberta as well as other provinces.
This presentation discusses the results from the application of an established ASTM method, which is already accepted for arson analysis, for the investigation of the origin of toluene in wetland peat samples. The analytical method and environmental forensic data interpretation are capable of readily distinguishing biogenic and petrogenic origins of toluene in a legally-defensible manner. This is conducted by using plant biomarker chemistry to identify natural toluene sources, monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fingerprints and diagnostic ratios, which are possible due to substantially improved detection limits compared with conventional BTEX analysis.
Environmental professionals involved in spill remediation or site monitoring will find this presentation applicable.
Final day of the Dioxin 2016 conference in Florence, Italy, Dr. Court Sandau presented a summary of the analytical talks and posters presented at the Dioxin conference this year. Discussed the biggest highlights on PFAs, PBDEs, the history of Dioxin analysis and his impressions of where biomonitoring is going.
This document is the curriculum vitae of Court D. Sandau, which provides information about his education, career experience, areas of expertise, and selected project experiences. It outlines that Dr. Sandau has a PhD in Chemistry and is the principal and senior chemist at Chemistry Matters, with over 20 years of experience in environmental forensics, expert witness work, and scientific investigations. It also provides details on 3 litigation support projects involving chemical fingerprinting to determine the source of environmental contamination.
Introduction to talk to be presented on Nov 17, 2015. The introduction shows the multiple compounds that are present in crude oil and refined products which can be used to determine sources of releases and identify products used in arson cases. Such compounds include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkylated benzenes, and petroleum biomarkers.
Training seminar for Fire Investigators Association of Alberta on arson laboratory analysis and process. Presentation goes through the process of collection and analyzing arson samples for the presence of ignitable liquid residues.
Presentation was presenting in part on January 21, 2011 for Exova's Environmental Seminar held in Calgary, Alberta. The presentation covers some important points and considerations for those conducting environmental sampling where the data could be used for litigious or litigation matters. Legal sampling is much more intense for procedures and documentation than regular sampling and those doing the work, need to be knowledgeable about those differences. The presentations illustrates the differences using case studies the author has been involved in.
The document discusses a geoforensic chemical analysis of 7 oil samples from the Madison Group in the Canadian Williston Basin. Biomarker and hydrocarbon analyses show the samples generally conform to a Lodgepole (carbonate) source rock origin. Some differences were observed between samples, with 2 Midale samples potentially showing minor Bakken shale contributions. Frobisher samples exhibited signs of in-situ biodegradation or washing. Detailed analysis can provide insights into origin variations, maturity differences, and post-formation alteration between samples.
Geo-CSI in the oil patch presentation on how advanced geochemistry techniques can be used to solve common problems with surface casing vents, gas migration and stray gas investigations.
This presentation summarizes the findings of an air emissions and odour sampling program conducted on the Baytex Reno Field. The data was collected in response to local resident complaints of odours in the area. The study collected samples using industry standard procedures and analyzed by state of the art analytical equipment. The results showed that no human health effects were exceeded and that no odour thresholds were exceeded. This study exemplifies how odours may be detected even though the standard analytical practices are not able to measure the odiferous compounds. PAHs were measured in the study and show a petrogenic ligher signature present the ambient air in the region as well as diesel markers from the trucking activity. This summary report was presented on January 22, 2014 to the Peace River AER Public Proceeding (1769924).
This presentation was presented at Watertech 2014 conference in Banff, AB earlier this year. The presentations shows the use of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an environmental forensics investigation to identify PAHs from a crude oil release into a river. The presentation covers how pattern assessment, diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis of extended PAH analysis of sediments can be used to identify PAHs from the crude oil release from those present in the sediments from other anthropogenic sources.
Presentation summarizes the physical chemical properties of compounds found in crude oil and how these properties drive the behavior of the compounds during a spill event. PAHs are presented as a complex mixture of multiple compounds that could be measured but most studies are limited to the main 16 priority PAHs. The family of PAH compounds can be used to distinguish source as used in environmental forensics studies. Lastly, a look to the future as a result of all the research into the gulf oil spill reveals that the science of monitoring of oil spills is about to change. It will not involve many more compounds and likely trigger more regulated substances.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...Sérgio Sacani
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptxshubhijain836
Centrifugation is a powerful technique used in laboratories to separate components of a heterogeneous mixture based on their density. This process utilizes centrifugal force to rapidly spin samples, causing denser particles to migrate outward more quickly than lighter ones. As a result, distinct layers form within the sample tube, allowing for easy isolation and purification of target substances.
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
PPT on Sustainable Land Management presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdfSelcen Ozturkcan
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
Mechanisms and Applications of Antiviral Neutralizing Antibodies - Creative B...Creative-Biolabs
Neutralizing antibodies, pivotal in immune defense, specifically bind and inhibit viral pathogens, thereby playing a crucial role in protecting against and mitigating infectious diseases. In this slide, we will introduce what antibodies and neutralizing antibodies are, the production and regulation of neutralizing antibodies, their mechanisms of action, classification and applications, as well as the challenges they face.
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptxgoluk9330
Ahota Beel, nestled in Sootea Biswanath Assam , is celebrated for its extraordinary diversity of bird species. This wetland sanctuary supports a myriad of avian residents and migrants alike. Visitors can admire the elegant flights of migratory species such as the Northern Pintail and Eurasian Wigeon, alongside resident birds including the Asian Openbill and Pheasant-tailed Jacana. With its tranquil scenery and varied habitats, Ahota Beel offers a perfect haven for birdwatchers to appreciate and study the vibrant birdlife that thrives in this natural refuge.
CLASS 12th CHEMISTRY SOLID STATE ppt (Animated)eitps1506
Description:
Dive into the fascinating realm of solid-state physics with our meticulously crafted online PowerPoint presentation. This immersive educational resource offers a comprehensive exploration of the fundamental concepts, theories, and applications within the realm of solid-state physics.
From crystalline structures to semiconductor devices, this presentation delves into the intricate principles governing the behavior of solids, providing clear explanations and illustrative examples to enhance understanding. Whether you're a student delving into the subject for the first time or a seasoned researcher seeking to deepen your knowledge, our presentation offers valuable insights and in-depth analyses to cater to various levels of expertise.
Key topics covered include:
Crystal Structures: Unravel the mysteries of crystalline arrangements and their significance in determining material properties.
Band Theory: Explore the electronic band structure of solids and understand how it influences their conductive properties.
Semiconductor Physics: Delve into the behavior of semiconductors, including doping, carrier transport, and device applications.
Magnetic Properties: Investigate the magnetic behavior of solids, including ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and ferrimagnetism.
Optical Properties: Examine the interaction of light with solids, including absorption, reflection, and transmission phenomena.
With visually engaging slides, informative content, and interactive elements, our online PowerPoint presentation serves as a valuable resource for students, educators, and enthusiasts alike, facilitating a deeper understanding of the captivating world of solid-state physics. Explore the intricacies of solid-state materials and unlock the secrets behind their remarkable properties with our comprehensive presentation.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.