Artificial lighting and other photographic accessories
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Artificial lighting and other photographic accessories
- 1. Artificial Lighting and other Photographic Accessories Group 04
- 2. Lighting
- 3. Artificial Lighting There are 4 types of artificial lighting sources used for photography today ● Incandescent ● LED ● Studio strobe ● Fluorescent
- 4. Artificial Lighting sources (Contd) LED Studio lights Flash and studio strobe Incandescent Fluorescent
- 5. Flashgun (Speedlight) ● Produces a flash of artificial light at a high color temperature ● Helps to ensure the correct exposure ● Helps to illuminate a scene ● Different types of flash guns ○ Pop-up ○ Built-in ○ Dedicated
- 6. Flashgun (Speedlight) Contd. Built-in Pop-up Dedicated
- 7. Studio Lighting ● Much more powerful than flashguns ● For portrait and still-life photography ● Can combine with a wide range of reflectors and diffusers ● Also used in location shooting
- 10. Softbox Soft light device It’s a frame made of tubes covered with a special material. The front of a softbox is covered with the cloth that diffuses the light to make it soft. Inner surface is coated with metallized silvering material or a white cloth
- 13. Okto box Produces diffused soft light Circular octagonal modifier It is often used by fashion photographers for its uniform illumination across the entire scene and very slight shadows
- 15. Umbrellas ● For having equally distributed soft light or directing the light ● Reflective umbrellas and shoot - through umbrellas ● Silver or white color reflective and translucent shoot - through
- 16. Background Reflectors ● Used for lighting the subject from reflected light ● Also used for blocking the direct light ● White, Silver, Gold and even Black reflectors.
- 18. Stripbox ● A stripbox is a long and skinny softbox that is often used with a removable grid panel. ● designed to cast a thin “beam” of light with minimal light spillage. ● The grid panel is used to minimize light spillage even more.
- 19. Stripbox Contd.
- 20. “Beauty Dish” ● A beauty dish is simply a shallow parabolic disk that attaches to a light source. ● Comes in a variety of sizes ranging from 16 to 30 inch diameters. ● The interior comes in two coatings: the more popular white coating, or the silver color
- 21. “Beauty Dish” Contd. ● Provides a concentrated light source where the center is the brightest and the light gently falls off at the edges. ● Reflects light, illuminating the subject from all angles because of its unique shape.
- 23. Snoot ● A snoot is a tube that fits over a strobe or studio light ● Create a small area of light ● control the direction and radius of the light beam ● Small area coverage and hard light ( When using a grid, the light is softer)
- 26. Barn doors ● Light Modifiers - shape and direct light ● Commonly used for backlighting control and in background lighting setups. ● Wider Spread ● Typically comes with coloured gel filters.
- 27. Color Filters
- 28. Clear and Ultraviolet ● Clear filters ● UV filters ● used to block invisible ultraviolet light, to which most photographic sensors and film are at least slightly sensitive ● The only use of a clear filter is to protect the front of a lens
- 29. Color Conversion filters Ex: 80A - used to reduce excessive redness Used to compensate for the effects of lighting not balanced, of the film stock’s rated colour temperature.
- 30. Color Subtraction Filter ● Works by absorbing certain colors of light. ● Used in color separation.
- 31. Contrast Enhancement Filters ● Commonly used in Black and White photography. ● Alters the effect of different colors in the scene.
- 32. Contrast Enhancement Filter Image Courtesy : https://photografeed.com
- 33. Polarizer Filter ● Filters out light with particular direction of polarization. ● Can staturate the image more by eliminating unwanted reflections.
- 34. Polarizer Filter
- 35. Neutral Density Filter ● Attenuates the light of all colors equally. ● Allows to select combinations that might cause overexposed images.
- 36. Neutral Density Filters Image Courtesy : http://www.kenkoglobal.com
- 37. Cross Screen Filter ● Creates star pattern, in which light radiates outward from bright objects. ● Filter has scratches on the surface. ● Number on filter is number of rays the filter can produce. (Ex : 2, 4, 6, 8)
- 38. Cross Screen Filter Image Courtesy : http://www.marumi-filter.co.jp
- 39. Infrared Filter ● IR spectrum is not visible to the human eye but in some circumstances it’s possible to capture it with your camera.
- 40. Infrared Filter
- 41. Soft Focus Filter (Diffusion Filter) ● Reduces the sharpness of an image, but only extent that is barely noticeable.
- 42. Special Effects
- 43. Long-exposure ● Involves using a long-duration shutter speed ● The paths of bright moving objects become clearly visible ● Use in, ○ Night Photography ○ Light Painting ○ Moving Water Photography
- 44. Night Photography ● Increasing ISO sensitivity allows shorter exposures, but decreases image quality ● By long-exposure, more light is absorbed ● If the camera is stationary for the time that the shutter is open, clear photograph can be produced.
- 45. Light Painting ● Scene is kept very dark ● A light source (can be small penlight) and moves it about in patterns
- 46. Moving Water Photography ● Long exposures can blur moving water ● It gives mist-like qualities
- 47. Tripods
- 48. Ball Heads ● The most popular tripod head for photography ● Flexible camera positioning in almost any way imaginable ● Difficult to make minor adjustments in position
- 49. Pan & Tilt Heads ● Have two axis to pan & tilt the camera independently ● Easy to change position and minor adjustments ● Takes more space than the ball head
- 50. Fluid Heads ● Primarily built for videography ● Has smooth movements about both axes ● Also a pan/tilt head ● Drag controls how much friction is there for pan and tilt
- 51. Pistol Grip Heads ● Can focus on the subject without being distracted by the adjustments to the head. (shooting action) ● Also built primarily for videography.
- 53. Gimbal Heads ● Stronger type of head to accommodate telephoto lenses. ● Allows free tilting movement as if holding the camera. (bird photography) ● Heavy and takes room
- 54. Gimbal heads
- 55. Monopods ● Allows a camera to be held steadier ○ Can take sharp pictures at slower shutter speeds ○ Can take pictures with longer focal length lenses. ● Reduce the camera shake ● Easier to transport and quicker to set up than tripods
- 56. ● With a special adapter, monopods can be used as a “chestpod” ○ Camera/Monopod is completely mobile, travelling with the photographer’s movements.
- 57. Monopods
- 58. Other
- 59. Reflector Lamp Reflectors Board Reflectors
- 60. Pop Up Flash Diffuser
- 61. Triggering Devices Corded flash triggers “Electric Eye” Slave Sensor Others
- 62. External Hard Drive / Memory Card Wallet Seagate 2TB Backup Plus Slim Portable External USB 3.0 Hard Drive Drobo Mini Hard drive Secure Digital Card (SD) Mini SD Microdrive Compact Flash Magic gate memory stick
- 64. - THANK YOU -
Editor's Notes
- you’ll want more light ……..you’ll want different light……….or you’ll want more control of the light for creative purposes
- Color temperature of around 5500K typically 1/1000 to 1/200 of a second
- Built in & popup The built-in flash unit is commonly found in point-and-shoot cameras. Advantage the pop-up flash is that it positions the light source further away from the lens, reducing the chance of red-eye. Disadvantage Flashes light in one direction, directly at the subject causing harsh contrast and shadows Dedicated There’s a wide range of choices to suite your budget and needs. The inexpensive, basic models have fixed heads, whereas, the more advanced models have swivel and tilt heads. Advantage Adjustable. ability to angle the light and bounce it onto your subject, rather than aiming it directly on the subject. Disadvantage Metering connections are not standard, one might not work with another camera
- Location shooting - Location shooting is the shooting of a film or television production in a real-world setting rather than a sound stage or backlot.
- A softbox diffuses the light into a pleasing soft, even light. When used properly, it reduces harsh shadows. the most widespread lighting modifiers of square and rectangular forms. Basically, it’s a frame made of tubes covered with a special material. The front of a softbox is covered with the cloth that diffuses the light to make it soft. The inner surface of the softbox is reflecti??. Commonly, the inner surface is coated with metallized silvering material or a white cloth, while the outer part is usually black. Most every professional photographer uses softboxes. But why? The answer is adaptability. There’s nothing like a softbox when it comes to providing soft light for any style of shooting. Fashion, food, product,
- Direct flash under the chin it has a harsh shadow Using softbox removes it
- circular octagonal modifier. Very similar to a softbox. Produces diffused soft light. It is often used by fashion photographers for its uniform illumination across the entire scene and very slight shadows
- Sometimes we need to smooth out the shadows of our photos and to make lighting more natural. If use a flasher or a strobe light directly, it will create strong shadows and kind of a unnatural look of lighting. Using a umbrella either we can reflect or shoot through making the lighting more natural. Translucent umbrellas are used as an inexpensive and effective way to spread out a light that will cover approximately a 1.4 meter area. The light from the strobe or flasher gets diffused going through the umbrella. Reflective umbrellas throw light EVERYWHERE within a 180 degree radius. The wide and even pattern of light created by a silver umbrella makes them perfect for lighting groups, though they have less application for shooting portraits of individuals or couples. The drawback to this and all types of umbrella is that they are easily breakable. If there is any wind when using these on-location, the spokes can be broken, or it could catch the wind and knock over the light stand. (when using outdoor) A parabolic umbrella resembles a traditional umbrella, but has a more rounded profile. These umbrellas, which are typically larger than regular umbrellas, are designed with more panels that produce a focal point of light. In turn, the light produced by a parabolic umbrella has a distinctive wraparound quality that can appear more natural than light from other umbrella shapes.
- Can be used for filling the dark areas of the subject with reflected light. Can be used as the main light source, while direct light still lights up a part of the subject. Can be used to block light from a direct light source. Black reflectors can be used for creating more dramatic shadows.
- First Image - reflector as the main light source. Direct light still lights up the side of the subject’s face. Second image - black reflector is used for creating a shadow on a side of subject’s face.
- The grid panel (seen below) is used to minimize light spillage even more. As a result, you have more control over the direction of your light. You can aim the light exactly where you want it withoutx any “excess” light falling elsewhere.
- When using a stripbox as a rim light (see below) all of the light will be directed at your subject. None of the light will spill onto your backdrop or towards your lens (any light spillage directed at your lens may create light flares or haziness).
- it is a favorite among portrait and fashion photographers. And it's become a trend to use it in sports photography as well. There is a plate covering the flash head – this causes the light to reflect back into and out to the sides of the main dish. Most of the light is aimed forward at the model because of the size and curvature of the dish. The interior of the beauty dish comes in two coatings: the more popular white coating, or the silver color (which creates more contrast and brings out more detail than its white counterpart).
- Beauty dish does not diffuse light, but reflects light A drawback, however, is that it is not very forgiving and can also draw unwanted attention to skin flaws. Photographers usually set up the beauty dish high and pointing downwards, accentuating a model's high cheekbones. One way to create additional softness is to cover the beauty dish with a diffuser called a sock or honeycomb grid. This provides the photographer a variety of different moods and results with just a solitary light source. The value of the beauty dish is that it sculpts facial features and creates beautiful shadows and catch lights.
- With the snoot, the edges of the light are sharp.
- This is an example of a usage of snoot with diffused lights. The overall scene is lit by a diffused light and then several spots are lit by several lights with snoots.
- Barn doors are light modifiers that shape and direct light. They have four hinged doors around the light source. By adjusting the doors, you can adjust how much light hits your subject and where that light is directed. Barn Doors can be used With Strobes. Barn doors are typically used in the photography studio with hard light sources like strobes. The leaves are attached to strobes and the photographer then adjusts the pivoting of the doors to adjust lighting. Barn doors allow for very confined flashlight strips or areas, and flash feathering. Also the inside if the barn doors could make reflective and it will give you some extra reflectors if you open them up at the correct angle, which can be quite useful for a more wraparound light source. Also this will create two barn door shadows; One from the flash, and another from the barn door reflector. This double shadow can be used as a feathering or graduating effect, and can be smoothed out somewhat by changing the flash mm setting or adding a light diffusion gel across the barn doors.
- Attached into infront of the camera length, while as a protector Clear filters - Also known as window glass filters or optical flats Ideally performs no filtering of incoming light, this is only using for protecting the lens UV filters - Uv filters are used to block invisible ultraviolet light. Even if we don’t see ultraviolet, most photographic sensors and film are at least slightly sensitive for UV. If the UV is sensitive by the sensor or film, it will recorded as the blue light. This non human sensitivity can result unwanted exxageration of bluesh tint of atmospheric haze or even more unnaturally of subjects.
- Some films have rated colour temperatures Like - 3200k for professional thungstons and 5500k for daylight Appropriate color conversion filters are used to compensate for the effects of lighting not balanced for the film stock's rated color temperature
- work by absorbing certain colors of light, letting the remaining colors through. They can be used to demonstrate the primary colors that make up an image. They are perhaps most frequently used in the printing industry for color separations, and again, use has diminished as digital solutions have become more advanced and abundant.
- Effect of red filter red, filter will enhance the contrast between clouds and sky by darkening the blue sky
- filters out light with a particular direction of polarisation reduces oblique reflections from non-metallic surfaces, can darken the sky in colour photography eliminating unwanted reflections
- Left : without filter, 1/1250 s Right : with filter, 15 s Graduated density filter different attenuation at different points, typically clear in one half shading into a higher density in the other. It can be used, for example, to photograph a scene with part in deep shadow and part brightly lit, where otherwise either the shadows would have no detail or the highlights would be burnt out.
- In this 45-minute exposure taken on a dark and clear night
- Long exposure: 30 sec: insect flights in the night in front of a spotlight
- stationary objects in the scene are illuminated by briefly turning on studio lights
- A 30-second-long exposure sharply captured the still elements of this image while blurring the waterfall
- The head moves on a ball and can be locked using the locking screw Can be positioned in all 360 degrees
- Also called pan heads Have lockable levers for each axis allows independent rotation of the camera about two or three perpendicular axes Can be used for panoramas
- Taking smooth, shake free motion shots Zoomed in following an object Wildlife Sailboat Pan - moving camera in a horizontal plane with a fixed vertical axis Tilt - moving camera in a vertical plane with a fixed horizontal axis Lock , Unlock capabilities Locks Tripod plate lock Pan lock Tilt lock Tension controls (optional) Pan drag Tilt drag Counterbalance (optional) Keeping the camera and tripod from toppling over at any tilt angle No need to hold the camera by hand Level (optional) Pan & tilt used in recording videos Revealing landscape Mimicking the movements of head when shooting in first person Swish pan for increased action speed Drag - controls how much friction there is when panning or tilting. Helps to get smooth shots in recording video. Fluid head - includes an oil bearing which allows smooth pans and tilts
- Suitable for shooting videos A pistol grip head’s chief purpose is to let you keep your eye on the subject without distracting you with adjustments to the head. The benefit is that the pistol grip makes it easier to shoot action Release trigger Squeezing allows to pan and tilt Quick release plate Allows the camera to rotate allowing dual panoramic motion Rotate lock Allows the user to lock the quick release plate Friction control Adjusts the friction of the ball head Grip twist collar Allows to position the pistol grip as the users preference Push button Opens the shutter Hold function acts as a cable release
- Gets loose with the use Finding the sweet spot = tuning the friction control
- Stronger tripod head to accommodate larger lenses. Suitable for shooting wildlife.(birds)(smooth tracking of moving object) Allows free movement as if the photographer is holding the lense. Locking only when changing lenses.
- Similar to a domestic lampshade, to direct and shape the otherwise scattered light, reflecting it off their concave inner surfaces and directing it towards the scene to be photographed. spherical, short-sided, giving a relatively broad spread of light; parabolic, providing a tighter, parallel beam of light. ----- Also known as plane reflectors, "flats" or bounce boards, this kind of reflector is located independent of a light source; the light is reflected off its surface, either to achieve a broader light source, or control shadows and highlights, or both. it is most commonly used to control contrast in both artificial and natural lighting
- The most common flash accessory that you see other photographers using is a plastic flash diffuser the plastic flash diffuser scatter the light and diffuses the overall harshness of the light. In other words, it makes the light more flattering on your subject and removes deep shadows behind them. For the best results when time is a factor, simply point your flash at 45º and fire away.
- “flash sync” to cause the flash to fire at the precise moment that the camera’s shutter is open