3. Sistine Chapel
The Sistine Chapel (Latin: Sacellum Sixtinum; Italian: Cappella
Sistina) is a large and renowned chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the
official residence of the Pope in the Vatican City. Originally known
as the Cappella Magna, the chapel takes its name from Pope Sixtus
IV, who restored it between 1477 and 1480. Since that time, the
chapel has served as a place of both religious and functionary papal
activity. Today it is the site of the Papel conclave, the process by
which a new Pope is selected. The fame of the Sistine Chapel lies
mainly in the frescos that decorate the interior, and most
particularly the Sistine Chapel ceiling and The Last
Judgment by Michelangelo.
4. MONA LISA
The Mona Lisa is a half-length portrait of a woman by Leonardo Da Vinci, which
has been acclaimed as "the best known, the most visited, the most written about,
the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world".
The painting, thought to be a portrait of Lisa Geraldine, the wife of Francesco del
Giaconda, is in oil on a white Lombardy poplar panel, and is believed to have
been painted between 1503 and 1506, although Leonardo may have continued
working on it as late as 1517.
5. Pieta
Pietà is one of the three common artistic representations of a sorrowful Virgin Mary, the
other two being Mater Dolorosa (Mother of Sorrows) and Stabat Mater (here stands the
mother). The other two representations are most commonly found in paintings, rather than
sculpture, although combined forms exist.
The Pietà developed in Germany (where it is called the "Vesperbild") about 1300, reached
Italy about 1400, and was especially popular in Central European Andachtsbilder. Many
German and Polish 15th-century examples in wood greatly emphasise Christ's wounds.
The Deposition of Christ and the Lamentation or Pietà form the 13th of the Stations of the
Cross, as well as one of the Seven Sorrows of the Virgin.
9. Since 1990 our understanding of prehistoric Europeans has been radically changed by
discoveries of ancient astronomical artifacts throughout Europe. The artifacts
demonstrate that Neolithic and Bronze Age Europeans had a sophisticated knowledge
of mathematics and astronomy.
Among the discoveries are:
The Warren Field calendar in the Dee River valley of Scotland's Aberdeenshire.
First excavated in 2004 but only in 2013 revealed as a find of huge significance, it is to
date the world´s oldest known calendar, created around 8000 BC and predating all other
calendars by some 5,000 years. The calendar takes the form of an
earlyMesolithic monument containing a series of 12 pits which appear to help the
observer track lunar months by mimicking the phases of the moon. It also aligns to
sunrise at the winter solstice, thus coordinating the solar year with the lunar cycles.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy
10. MATHEMATICSMATHEMATICS
The Renaissance was a period of immense transformations within Europe, not the
least of which involved a major shift in European educational ideas. During this
period, a new way of thinking came to the fore proposing a different form of
training, one which would provide the student with skills for life and not just those
which were required by their occupation. These views were championed by
Humanists who established schools and institutions which implemented these
ideas. Vittorino da Feltre was one of the founders of Renaissance education and
his school was arguably the most liberal. The range of subjects available was
extensive and Vittorino's aim was that each student should leave with a basic
understanding of each, and they should also have received the time and support to
study those subjects at which they excelled in greater depth. In particular, selected
students were encouraged to concentrate their efforts in the mathematical field, a
practise which was not promoted by many other educators. Guarino, whose
school was established shortly after Vittorino's, preferred the more classical
stance to learning, concentrating heavily on Grammar and Literature, utilising the
work of prominent Roman authors as examples. Such subjects as Mathematics
and Music were still taught but at a much more elementary level. Other
Educationalists, like Palmein, who advised that a greater understanding of
Arithmetic and Geometry was necessary, as practical arts and rational disciplines,
were criticised. Most held similar opinions to mainstream Humanists; subjects
which could not be directly applied to life were of secondary importance and an
education which improved knowledge of Latin (allowing for further perusal of the
ancient texts) and the art of Oratorio was considered sufficient.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics
11. THANK YOU
YOUr respecTive members Of
NeTAji HOUse
Shubham Kochar [captain]
Jayant Grover [vice captain
Priyansh Sharma
Milind Sharma [co-captain]
Shashwat Baldawa
Abdullah Khadim