Brief idea about 'Radiographic Testing and Magnetic particle Inspection'

1. NON –DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
1.MAGNETIC PARTICLE INSPECTION
2.RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING
COURSE GUIDE:
Prof. S.S Mane
Prepared by:
Pallavi Pranav Jayade (A-32)
Shravani Prakash Lingade (A-56)

2. INTRODUCTION:
Non Destructive Testing (NDT) is the process of
inspecting ,testing components for discontinuities or
flaws without destroying the serviceability of the part.
METHODS:
 Magnetic particle inspection
 Dye Penetrant Inspection
 Sonic Inspection
 Ultrasonic Inspection
 Radiography
 Eddy Current testing
 Visual Inspection

3. MAGNETIC PARTICLE INSPECTION:
(MAGNAFLUX)
Magnetic particle
inspection is a non
destructive testing
process for detecting
surface and slightly
sub-surface
discontinuities in
ferromagnetic
materials .

4. PROCESS:
Demagnetization of component
Detection of flaws /cracks
Observing
Application of inspection media (Dry/Wet)
Magnetization of component

5. METHODS OF GENERATING MAGNETIC FIELD:
Direct
Magnetization
Clamping
between two
electrical
contacts
Indirect
Magnetization
Permanent
magnets
Coils and
solenoids

6. TYPES:
 Dry Method:
In this method, fine ferromagnetic
powder is applied on the component.
 Wet Method:
In this method , liquid containing fine
ferromagnetic particles suspended in carrier such
as kerosene or petroleum oil is applied on
component.

7. EXAMPLES:
Fig. 1 Fig. 2

8. EQUIPMENTS USED:
 Field indicators
 Hall effect meters
 Portable coils
 Conductive cables

9. REAL WORLD APPLICATIONS:
 Bridges
 Underwater Utilities
 Pressure Vessels
 Boilers

10. DEMAGNETIZATION OF COMPONENT:
 By subjecting the component to
continuously reversing and steadily
decreasing magnetic field.
OR
 By slowly withdrawing the component
through an open solenoid while the
alternating current is flowing.

11. RADIOGRAPHIC
TESTING

12. PRINCIPLE OF RADIOGRAPHY:
(DIFFERNTIAL ABSORBTION)
 1.Xray or G-ray are imposed on the object to be
tested.
 2.Radiation is trasmitted to varying degrees
dependent upon density of material through which it
is travelling.
 3. Thinner areas and materials of less density show
as darker area in graph and vise versa

13. PROCESS:
 The electron of high velocity
travelling from cathod are
stopped at the anode. Hence
X-rays are produced.

14. EQUIPMENT:
1.X-ray tube:
Consists of an evacuated glass envelope which insulates
the anode at one end from the cathode at the other end.
2.Radiographic source:
X-ray ,G-ray
Irridium-192,cobalt-60,cs-137 etc.
3.High voltage source and power source:
4.Cathode anode connections:
5.Highly sentitive film:

15.  The intensity and the quality of X-rays depend on the following
factor:
1.Number of electron hitting the anode i.e the cathode current,
2.Velocity of electron,which depends onthe applied potential.
3.Atomic number of the target.
Basically source depends upon
-type of material
-location of material
-material thickness
Thickness Energy penetration Hazardous rays

16. PROCESS OF RADIOGRAPHY
X-RAYS G-RAYS

17. ADVANTAGES
G-rays over
X-ray
Have shorter wavelength ,hence
penetration power is more
Scattering of G-rays
isless,hencecomponent of non-
uniform section size can be
tested satisfactorily
Many components can be
inspected at the same time using
cobalt 60
X-rays over
G-rays
It is fast method and requires less
time exposure
Component less than 50mm can be
inspected in better way.

18. EXPOSURE OF TIME
 It depend on
1.Material of object
2.Material thickness
3.Film density
4.Source.

19. DEFECTS INSPECTED IN RADIOGRAPHIC
TESTINGS
 Cracks
 Blow holes
 Sand inclusion
 Shrinkage
 Welding defects
 Inclusions

20. APPLICATIONS
 Inspection of products
 Inspection of welds
 Airport security:hold luggage and hand luggage
 Non-instrusive cargo scanning: G-rays and high-
energy X-rays are used to scan intermodal freight
cargo container.
SAFETY PRECAUTION:
 1.electric shock and radiation injury
 2.Cathode ends
 3.Lead sheets
 4.Handling of cobalt-60

21. THANK YOU