Biofouling is the accumulation of unwanted organisms on surfaces in an aquatic environment, detrimental to function. It is caused by the settlement of sessile marine organisms and includes plant, animal, inorganic, and organic fouling. Fouling occurs in stages and has widespread global distribution. It has significant economic impacts such as increased fuel costs and effects ocean instrumentation. Both physical and chemical antifouling methods are used but chemicals can be toxic to organisms.

1. BIOFOULING
BY:-SHIVAM SUNDRAM
M.SC :- II

2. OBJECTIVE
 TO UNDERSTAND BIOFOULING
 CAUSE OF BIOFOULING
 TYPES OF BIOFOULING
 STAGES OF BIOFOULING
 GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION
 ECONOMIC IMPACT
 REMEDIAL MEASURES

3. INTRODUCTION
FOULING IS THE ACCUMULATION OF UNWANTED MATERIAL ON SOLID SURFACES
TO THE DETRIMENT OF FUNCTION. THE FOULING MATERIAL CAN CONSIST OF
EITHER LIVING ORGANISMS (BIOFOULING)OR A NONLIVING SUBSTANCE
(INORGANIC OR ORGANIC).

4. WHAT CAUSES FOULING?
FOULING IS CAUSED BY THE SETTLEMENT OF LARGE NUMBER OF SEDENTARY
MARINE ORGANISMS CALLED “FOULERS

5. TYPES OF FOULING
• PLANT FOULING.
• ANIMAL FOULING.
• INORGANIC FOULING (PRECIPITATION OF INORGANIC CRYSTALS)
• ORGANIC FOULING (DEPOSITION OF FAT, OIL, PROTEIN ETC.)
• PARTICLE FOULING (DEPOSITION OF SILT, CLAY.)

6. PLANT FOULING
• DIATOMS LIKE
• BIDDULPHIA , CHAETOCEROS, RHIZOSOLENIA ETC

7. ANIMAL FOULING
ANIMAL FOULING IS MORE GREGARIOUS AND CAUSES SEVERE EXTENSIVE
DAMAGES TO THE SUBMERGED SURFACES. THE CHIEFLY RESPONSIBLE CAUSATIVE
ORGANISMS ARE:
• PROTOZOANS – VORTICELLA SP. CARCHESIUM SP. ZOOTHAMIUM SP

8. zebra mussels
Bacteria and animals have covered (fouled) the sheath of an electric cabel

9. • MOLLUSCS

10. • CRUSTACEANS
IT’S MORE THAN JUST BARNACLES

11. STAGES OF BIOFOULING
 fouling community is composed of four stages

13. SUCCESSION

14. DISTRIBUTION

15. MAP SHOWING DISTRUBUTION OF FOULING ORGANISMS OVER THE
WORLD

16. ECONOMIC IMPACT
1. REDUCES HYDRO-DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE
2. INCREASE FUEL CONSUMPTION
3. OIL PIPELINE

17. EFFECTS ON OCEAN SENSING INSTRUMENT

20. PHYSICAL METHOD
• HIGH PRESSURE WATER JETS
• SCRAPING
• FLEXICLEN

23. DISADVANTAGE
TOXIC TO ORGANISM
THESE ARE NOT ORGANISM SPECIFIC.
INTERRUPT MARINE FOOD CHAIN