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Allen Chapter 3
1.
©2015 Cengage Learning. All
Rights Reserved. Chapter 3 Inclusive Programs for Young Children
2.
©2015 Cengage Learning. All
Rights Reserved. Types of Inclusive Programs • Child care programs – Family child care—care provided in someone’s home for six or fewer children • In some states they are licensed. – Center child care—child care provided in a separate setting, similar to a school • They are multiple providers and one to many classrooms. Staff to child ratios are set by the state.
3.
©2015 Cengage Learning. All
Rights Reserved. Types of Inclusive Programs (continued) – Corporate child care—business-run child care for their employees • Employees can then visit their child more often.
4.
©2015 Cengage Learning. All
Rights Reserved. Types of Inclusive Programs (continued) • Preschool—programs that serve children ages three to five; usually half-day programs – Public school preschool programs • Preschool offered in the public school can be compensatory education, for children who are disadvantaged. • Some states offering preschool to all 4 year olds.
5.
©2015 Cengage Learning. All
Rights Reserved. Types of Inclusive Programs (continued) – Community-based programs • Run by the community with heavy parent involvement; often called parent cooperatives. – Religious-organization-based programs • Found in churches, temples, and religious community centers. • Religious and cultural emphasis in addition to learning activities .
6.
©2015 Cengage Learning. All
Rights Reserved. Types of Inclusive Programs (continued) • Head Start – Began in 1965 specifically for low income families. – Increase school readiness for young children. – Now serves over 900,000 children. – Ten percent of the population must be children with documented special needs. – Early Head Start serves children ages birth to five, pregnant women and their families.
7.
©2015 Cengage Learning. All
Rights Reserved. Types of Inclusive Programs (continued) • School age children – Public and some private offer services to children age Kindergarten and up. A full range of services may be available. – Before- and after-school care can also be provided.
8.
©2015 Cengage Learning. All
Rights Reserved. Types of Inclusive Programs (continued) • Recreation programs – Sports, art, dance, and music classes. – Many are inclusive and provide opportunities for all children.
9.
©2015 Cengage Learning. All
Rights Reserved. System of Supports and Services • DEC/NAEYC Joint Position Paper on Inclusion (2009) established a system of services and supports that reflect the needs of children with varying disabilities.
10.
©2015 Cengage Learning. All
Rights Reserved. Recommended Practices for Programs • Best practices – Research-based or value-based practices • Supported by empirical research, not personal or societal reflections. – Family-centered practices • Includes the family and realizes that the child is a family member, not a separate identity. – Multicultural practices • Identifies family uniqueness and cultural competence.
11.
©2015 Cengage Learning. All
Rights Reserved. Recommended Practices for Programs (continued) – Cross-disciplinary practices • Professionals from all areas working together as a team. – Developmentally/chronologically age- appropriate practices • Understanding child development and the impact on the child and family. – Normalized practices • Providing activities for children with disabilities to participate with their peers.
12.
©2015 Cengage Learning. All
Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children From Birth to Age Two • Relationships among caregivers and children – Create an enabling environment • Children interact with their environment. • Communication is intentional. • Interactions foster child’s sense of self-control. • Infants are given opportunities to respond to people and situations.
13.
©2015 Cengage Learning. All
Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children From Birth to Age Two (continued) • Environment and experiences – Children are allowed and expected to interact with their surroundings. – Children engage in activities that are developmentally appropriate. – Routines are predictable. – Encourages and supports active exploration.
14.
©2015 Cengage Learning. All
Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children From Birth to Age Two (continued) • Equipment – Bright, colorful, and well-organized. – Appropriate materials: • Sturdy picture books • Household items • Climbing apparatus • Mirrors • Nesting toys
15.
©2015 Cengage Learning. All
Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children From Birth to Age Two (continued) • Health, safety, and nutrition – Follow safety guidelines when purchasing toys and materials. – Sanitize. – Prepare well-balanced menus, being mindful of allergies.
16.
©2015 Cengage Learning. All
Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children From Birth to Age Two (continued) • Reciprocal relationships with families – Parents are the primary caregivers. – Positive interactions are key: • Share information about their child. • Demonstrate respect for family’s culture, language, life choices. • Respond respectfully to parents’ questions, comments and concerns.
17.
©2015 Cengage Learning. All
Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children Ages Three to Five • Creating a caring community of learners – Learning communities are developed where children celebrate the accomplishments of one or all. – Social relationships, collaboration between child and adult, and between teachers and families exist.
18.
©2015 Cengage Learning. All
Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children Ages Three to Five (continued) • Teaching to enhance development and learning – Children are engaged in developmentally and age-appropriate activities. – Environment invites and supports learning. – Environment matches varying abilities. – Teaching strategies support child independence, self-determination and creativity.
19.
©2015 Cengage Learning. All
Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children Ages Three to Five (continued) • Constructing an appropriate curriculum – Social-emotional development • Social skills and peer relationships is major competence. • Social skills must respect child’s culture. – Communication and literacy development • Functional communication and emerging literacy are essential.
20.
©2015 Cengage Learning. All
Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children Ages Three to Five (continued) • Constructing an appropriate curriculum – Physical development • Daily opportunities are needed in gross and fine motor activities. – Aesthetic development • Experiences in art and music should be available daily.
21.
©2015 Cengage Learning. All
Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children Ages Three to Five (continued) • Assessing children’s learning and development – Assessing children to determine what to teach. – Further developmental domains. – NCLB requires assessment for documentation of learning.
22.
©2015 Cengage Learning. All
Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children Ages Three to Five (continued) • Reciprocal relationships with parents – Establish regular communication • Newsletters • Weekly/daily notes
23.
©2015 Cengage Learning. All
Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children Ages Six to Eight • Creating a caring community of learners – Positive climates for learning. – Building democratic communities.
24.
©2015 Cengage Learning. All
Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children Ages Six to Eight (continued) • Teaching to enhance development and learning – Student exploration and child-initiated inquiry. – Explicit academic instruction of basic skills. – Play. – Active learning.
25.
©2015 Cengage Learning. All
Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children Ages Six to Eight (continued) • Constructing an appropriate curriculum – Establish a foundation for lifelong learning. – Promote self-esteem. – Develop confidence and independence.
26.
©2015 Cengage Learning. All
Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children Ages Six to Eight (continued) • Integrated curriculum – Teach around themes, experiences, and projects that include a variety of skills. – Resist boundaries between academic areas.
27.
©2015 Cengage Learning. All
Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children Ages Six to Eight (continued) • Guidance of social-emotional development – Peer relationships – Friendships – Self-control – Self-assessment – Problem solving
28.
©2015 Cengage Learning. All
Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children Ages Six to Eight (continued) • Assessing learning and development – These should be contextually based and formative. – Evaluate mistakes as not what children do not know, but how they arrived at that answer. – Progress reports and portfolios are used. – Observation is key.
29.
©2015 Cengage Learning. All
Rights Reserved. Inclusive Programs for Children Ages Six to Eight (continued) • Reciprocal relationships with parents – Develop a good working relationship. – Publish newsletters, weekly reports. – Encourage parents to visit and volunteer in the classroom.
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