This document discusses the characteristics of vertebrates and invertebrates. It provides examples of different types of vertebrates including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. For each group, it lists 3-5 defining characteristics, such as fish having scales, gills, and laying eggs in water. It also notes that vertebrates can be either cold-blooded (ectothermic) like fish and reptiles, regulating their body temperature through external environmental heat, or warm-blooded (endothermic) like birds and mammals, generating their own body heat. Invertebrates are defined as animals without backbones and may have features like exoskeletons, segmented bodies

1. Characteristics of Vertebrates and
Invertebrates
Science V

2. What are the two big groups of
animals?
Review

3. Give 2 examples of each group of
vertebrates and tell the
characteristics of these animals.
Checking of Assignment

4. Go to your own group and work on
the characteristics of the animals.
Work cooperatively to classify the
animals according to their
characteristics.
Motivation

7. 1. animals with backbones
2. animals without backbones
3. warm blooded animals
4. cold blooded vertebrates
Motivation

8. 1. Group the animals into vertebrates
and invertebrates.
2. Work on the characteristics of
these groups of animals.
Group I - Vertebrates
Group II - Invertebrates
Presentation

9. Presentation and discussion of the
report.
Concept Formation

10. What are the characteristics of
vertebrates?
Invertebrates?
Generalization

11. What are the characteristics of
invertebrates?
Generalization

12. 1. Fish are ectothermic, aquatic
vertebrates.
2. Their skin is generally covered with
scales.
3. Their limbs are modified into fins
for swimming.
4. They breathe with gills.
5. They lay eggs that must be in
water.
Generalization

13. 1. Amphibians are ectothermic
vertebrates.
2. Their skin lacks scales, hair, and
feathers, and is either smooth
(like a frog) or rough (like a toad).
They are dependent upon
moisture and subject to
desiccation; their skin must
remain moist to aid in breathing.
Generalization

14. 3. They lay eggs in water, which hatch
into an intermediate life form
(tadpole or larva) that usually
breathes with gills, and change
into the adult form that breathes
air and can live outside water.
4. They have three-chambered
hearts.
5. They lack claws on their toes.
Generalization

15. 1. Reptiles are ectothermic
vertebrates.
2. Their skin has scales, but no hair or
feathers.
3. They have three-chambered hearts
(except for alligators and
crocodiles, which have four-
chambered hearts).
Generalization

16. 4. They have claws on their toes
(except those which do not have
legs, such as legless lizards).
5. They are the first animals, in
evolution, to develop the
amniotic egg. This allows reptiles
to lay eggs on land.
Generalization

17. 1. Birds are endothermic vertebrates.
2. Their skin is covered with feathers.
3. They have four-chambered hearts.
4. Their bones are lightweight and
usually hollow.
5. Their forelimbs are modified as
wings.
6. They lay eggs.
Generalization

18. 1. Mammals are endothermic
vertebrates.
2. They have hair, which varies greatly
among species.
3. Most have sudoriferus (sweat)
glands.
4. They have mammary (milk-
secreting) glands.
Generalization

19. 5. They have sebaceous (fat-
secreting) glands.
6. They have heterodont dentition
(different types of teeth).
Generalization

20. “Ectothermic" means "external
temperature" in Latin. The simpler
term is "cold-blooded", that is, it has
a body temperature equal to the
surrounding environment. You know
that fish are cold-blooded if you ever
picked one up: they are as cold as the
water they were swimming in.
Generalization

21. “Endothermic”, which is Latin for
"inside temperature" means that they
can maintain their own warm inside
temperature, even when it is cold
outside. Frogs (amphibians) and
snakes (reptiles) have to hide when
the weather is cold, but birds can be
out and active because they are
endothermic.
Generalization

22. Some vertebrates are warm-blooded
animals or endothermic vertebrates.
Some vertebrates are cold-blooded
animals or ectothermic vertebrates.
Generalization

23. Invertebrates are animals without
backbone. Some have jointed feet, no
bones, they have hard covering called
exoskeleton, some are soft-bodied
animals, segmented body, have
tentacles and pore-bearing animals.
Can you tell if invertebrates are
endothermic or ectothermic?
Generalization

24. Identify the characteristics of the
following animals.
1. horse 4. earthworm
2. carabao 5. snail
3. snake
Evaluation

25. What are warm blooded animals?
Cold blooded animals?
Assignment