2. Three Aspects:
Part I: Formatting your paper
Part II: Parenthetical, or in-text
citation
Part III: The reference list
3. Part I: Formatting your paper
Use 8½ X 11 inch paper
12 point, Times New Roman, or similar font
1 inch margins
Double-space your text
Number pages consecutively
4. Cover Page
The first page is your title/cover page:
Title
Your name
Institution
Course Title (optional)
Professor’s Name (optional)
Date (optional)
5. Running Head
The title of Your paper in whole or in part in the upper
left
Place the page number in the upper right corner
Please note that on the title page, your page
header/running head should look like this:
Running head: Cholesterol Treatment and Management
Pages after the title page will have a running head with
an abbreviated title. You no longer need the words
“Running Head.” It will look like this:
Cholesterol Treatment
6.
7. Abstract
Usually the second page of the paper
Contains a brief summary of your paper (one
or two paragraphs)
Word “Abstract” appears centered above the body of
the abstract
8. Part II:
Parenthetical, or in-text citation
Within the body of your text, you must cite your
sources as you use them.
You must cite any and all data, facts, information,
opinions, ideas, tables, charts, graphics, photographs,
etc. that you obtained in your research.
9. Part II:
Parenthetical, or in-text citation
Direct quote- you need to include the page
number
Lipson’s first rule of academic honesty is, “When you say you
did the work yourself, you actually did it” (2004, p. 3).
A good rule to follow is “When you say you did the work
yourself, you actually did it” (Lipson, 2004, p. 3).
___________________________________________
Lipson, C. (2004). Doing honest work in college. Chicago: The
University of Chicago Press.
10. Part II:
Parenthetical, or in-text citation
Paraphrasing-you do not need the page number when
paraphrasing.
Example:
One idea is to surround quotations with big Q’s to
distinguish the author’s words from your own ideas
(Lipson, 2004).
In Doing honest work in college, Lipson (2004) suggests
surrounding quotations with big Q’s to distinguish the
author’s words from your own ideas.
___________________________________________
Lipson, C. (2004). Doing honest work in college. Chicago: The
University of Chicago Press.
11. Part III: The reference list
The purpose of the reference list is to:
Identify and credit the sources you used
Enable the reader to locate your sources
APA style is used in the social sciences, education,
engineering and business.
Emphasizes the date of publication
12. Part III:
The reference list
Reference sources used in your paper must be listed.
Start references on a new page after the body of your
text.
List alphabetically by author’s last name (or title, if
author not known).
Hanging Indent: Do not indent the first line in the
citation; however, you must indent any additional lines
5 spaces in the citation.
13. Part III: The reference list
If you have more than one source by the same
author, arrange by year of publication beginning
with the earliest.
Capitalization: titles of books and articles are
treated like sentences with only the first word
capitalized. (Proper nouns should be capitalized,
just as they would in a sentence.)
14. Part III: The reference list
Multiple authors are joined with an ampersand “&”
instead of with the word “and”.
Authors’ first names are always reduced to initials.
15. Example of reference list
References
Heinerman, J. (1988). Heinerman’s encyclopedia of fruits,
vegetables and herbs. Paramus, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Kowalchik, C. & Hylton, W. (1998). Rodale’s illustrated
encyclopedia of herbs. Emmaus, PA: Rodale Press.
Wardlaw, G. M. & Smith, A. M. (2006). Contemporary nutrition.
Boston: McGraw Hill.
Weiss, S. E. (Ed.). (1997). Foods that harm, foods that heal.
Pleasantville, NY: The Reader’s Digest Association, Inc.
16. Part III: The reference list
Books
Author’s Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of work.
Location: Publisher.
Lipson, C. (2004). Doing honest work in college.
Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Edited Book, No Author
Duncan, G. J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997).
Consequences of growing up poor. New York, NY:
Russell Sage Foundation.
17. Part III: The reference list
Periodicals
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of article. Title
of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages.
Sacks, S. E. (2004). Fraud risk: are you prepared? Journal
of Accountancy, 198(3), 57-63.
18. Part III: The reference list
References to Electronic Sources
In general, include the same information as you would
for a print resource, and add as much electronic retrieval
info as needed to locate the source.
Content with no fixed publication date should include a
retrieval date.
If the source has a DOI (Digital Object Identifier), use it
instead of a URL
Brownlie, D. (2007). Toward effective poster presentations:
An annotated bibliography. European Journal of
Marketing, 41, 1245-1283. doi:10.1108/030905
60710821161
19. Part III: The reference list
Citing a Website
Author, A. (date). Title of document. Retrieved from
http://URL
Kraizer, S. (2005). Safe child. Retrieved from
http://www.safechild.org
or if there is a full date available
Dean, J. (2008, May 7). When the self emerges: Is
that me in the mirror? Retrieved from
http://www.spring.org.uk/the1sttransport
20. Article on web site, no date
Author’s Last Name, First Initial. (n. d.). Title of article.
Retrieved from URL
Doughan, D. (n. d.) J. R. R. Tolkien: A biographical
sketch. Retrieved from
http://www.lordotrings.com/noflash/biography.asp
Webpage no author-when there is no author, the title
moves to the first position of the reference entry:
All 33 Chile miners freed in flawless rescue. (2010, October 13). Retrieved from
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39625809/ns/world_news-americas/
21. Website with Corporate Author
• When an organization, rather than an individual, takes responsibility for the
creation of a work, that organization is treated as a collective or corporate
author. Almost any organization can function as a corporate author.
• Example:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). CDC recommendations
for the amount of time persons with influenza-like illness should
be away from others. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/guidance
22. Conclusion
Formatting rules make research papers uniform and
easy to read
The ability to verify facts through proper citation of
sources is essential to good scholarship
In-text citation and the reference list
Identify and credit the sources you used
Enable the reader to locate your sources
