Can Art Change The Way We View The World

Can Art Change the Way We View the World
Can Art Change the Way We View the World?
Susan Agee
Classics in Philosophy of Art – P346
Gregory Steel
Fall 2012
For centuries, art has been interwoven throughout the history of mankind. From primitive carvings on cave walls and ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs,
to the Sistine Chapel and the Mona Lisa, artistic creations have enthralled the human race. Art may be a window to the creator's world; it has
potential to instill desire in the viewer to do something they have never done, be somewhere they have never been and inspire to fulfill a dream or
goal. Additionally, Art may possibly allow the artist to illustrate their own perception of a place or even attempt to deceive the viewer. However, to
truly understand how we see the world we ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To illustrate this idea that perceptual experience may be different than what is real, consider the optical illusion. Artists such as Charles Allan Gilbert
and M.C. Escher were masters of the craft of illusion in art. For example, in 1892 Charles Allan Gilbert drew a picture that he called "All is
Vanity". This piece of artwork is an ambiguous optical illusion using a skull, which has been the object of many pieces of this type, where we see
more than one thing in the picture. If we view the overall image, we see a human skull. When we focus on the details of the picture, we see a woman
looking in her vanity mirror. If we look at a close–up, cropped image of "All is Vanity", we don't see the skull we just see details of a woman sitting at
her dressing table. However, if we expand our view, even without seeing the entire image, once we know we're going to see a skull, we can't help but
see it. Also, when we look at the picture from a distance, because of all the black surrounding it, once the details of the woman get distorted we still
only see a skull.
Additionally, M.C. Escher used his expertise in mathematics to create his optical illusions in art. He was fascinated with tessellations, which are
arrangements of closed shapes that completely cover the plane without overlapping and without leaving gaps. Typically, the shapes making up a
tessellation are polygons or similar regular shapes, such as the square tiles often used on floors. Escher,

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Ames Room Essay
The visual perception field is a very old are of study in psychological research. From ancient Greece to modern day scholars, philospher and
psychologists have been studying on visual perception for centruries. As a result of people studying visual perception for such a lengthy amount of
time, ground breaking researches have been conducted by many observers like Emil Emmert. In1881 it was found by Emil Emmert that an objects
size afterimage seems to vary in size based on whether it is positioned close or farther away. When near by the object looks small. And the farther
away it gets, the size of the object becomes noticeably larger. It's perceived size is thought to be fixed on the retina and as it increases the perceived
distance is also thought to increase consecutively. This... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ames has also restricted the viewers to only observe the room through a peekhole. He also strategically placed the floors, ceiling and walls by slanting
them which manipulated their depth perception and size constancy. Therefore Ames Room also had an element of suprise. Meanwhile Emmert's Law
did not involved any optical illusions, therefore Emmert regarded the perceived sizes of the objects in the after image as a reaction of the body to
continue psychological function.
According to Emmert's Law the perceptual constancy was thought to happen by multiple depth perception cues that include; binocular vision, linear
perspective and monocular cue. In contrast to Emmert's Law in Ames Room Illusion there are 2 illusions that take place. By looking through a
peeping whole with one eye, the peephole eliminates all the depth perception cues and causes the room to appear like a regular cubic room. The other
illusion is the fact that objects swtich sizes as they swap places in the room. This leds all the distance cues to be abolished as

Professor Bach's Illusions
Professor Bach's illusions and visual phenomena are very amazing, they make me dizzy, headache and they could trick our eyes. I have been
exploring all of the illusions and they all driving me crazy but I found that "Leaning Tower Illusion" and Thompson's "Thatcher Illusion" are interested
to me and I hope you , too. So I decided to talk about these two illusions.
"Leaning Tower Illusions", this Illusion is cool and also weird that the tower on the left is straight but when I click the button "move", the tower in
the right is not parallel as the left one and it lean to the right , then I click again and the right one moves back to the left one and they are identical.
Also, when I use the little circle next to the " move" to change the angle

Essay about If I See A Ghost Are My Senses
IF I SEE A GHOST ARE MY SENSES TO BLAME?
To complement the full apprehension of the terms which will be used throughout this argument, a number of meanings taken from The Lexicon
Webster Dictionary is provided:
GHOST
The soul or spirit of a dead person. A disembodied spirit.
HALLUCINATION
(psy) an apparent perception, as by sight or hearing, for which there is no real external cause, as distinguished from illusion
ILLUSION
A false impression or belief. False perception or conception of some object of sense. A perception of a thing which misrepresents it, or gives it qualities
not present in reality.
GOD
Creator and ruler of the universe, eternal, infinite spirit, the Supreme Being.
&#8220;Hobgoblins, ghoulsand other ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All these examples fall under error of perception but the following is an interesting experiment carried out by the Toronto Society Of Psychical
Research. They discovered that sГ©ance phenomena might be attributed, at least in part, to the same psychokinetic force that is commonly believed to
be responsible for poltergeist (unquiet ghost) activity. They suggested that this force could be produced by the minds of the sitters, fuelled perhaps by
their unanimous belief that such phenomena would occur during the sГ©ance. They theorized that the role of the medium was that of a placebo, and
that no particular psychic sensitivity was necessary for a successful sГ©ance.
Apart from considering all the forms of perceptional errors, we can explain the existence of such spirits that are perceived (but not always believed!) If
we want to stick to the Rationalist philosophy and therefore state that such presences should be reasoned out, rather than just experienced, we can say

that this subject has brought together many professionals from around the globe, using their knowledge and their equipment to get the truth out. This
type of philosophical approach is what I am trying to use to explain these so called ghosts.
&#8220;Visitations are experienced today by intelligent, rational individuals in Western cities, and increasingly are being documented by

Perceptual Illusion: Hermann Grid
Perceptual Illusion: Hermann Grid
For my Perceptual Illusion, I chose the Hermann grid. Although, we have some information in the textbook, I chose this illusion, because it intrigued
me the most; while learning about it in the textbook and also seeing it again in the optical illusions by Michael Bach.
Upon looking at the Hermann grid, I saw the ghost like gray spots in the white areas at the intersections, but they disappear when I look directly at
them. It appears to cause an optical illusion The reason that the gray spots disappear when I look directly at them is because when I look directly at the
white area intersections, the object/image falls directly on the cone rich fovea; with little lateral inhibition and high concentration of ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
With lateral inhibition, when light falls on a photoreceptor, it responds by firing more frequently. At the same time, it inhibits adjacent cells from firing.
Lateral inhibition is inhibition transmitted across the retina. Lateral inhibition is inhibition to the neurons in the neighboring area in the brain pathway.
The gray spots appear because intersections have lateral inhibitions from the white areas on all four sides, whereas the bands have lateral inhibition
from the white areas on only 2 sides. The intersections basically receive lateral inhibition two times that of the bands. This makes the neural signals
triggered by the intersection less strong than the signal between intersections. The difference produces a perception of gray spots. A visual of receptors
and bipolar cells when looking at the Herman grid; Using a section of the grid with 4 squares and one intersection, a photoreceptor (cone or rod) is
located over a different portion of the grid. Imaging the receptor, "A" is right in the intersection and receptors B, C, D, and E are in the bands or
corridors surrounding A. Each of the receptors are sending signals vertically to other cells in the retina. Each receptor is synapsing on a different
bipolar cell in the retina. These receptors send inhibition to A since the neighboring receptors are stimulated by the white area. In the case of the other
receptors not at the intersection, the bipolar cells are stimulated by the black next to them instead of the white and so send weak inhibitory signals. This
makes the intersections look darker than the

Detriment Of Illusions In The Tempest '
Illusions are one of those things that will allow the human brain to play tricks on them and giving them the ability to see things that aren't really there.
Illusions can be detriment's. The reason for this is that you can believe that something is real but little do you know, the whole thing is imaginary or
just a simple trick on your mind. For instance, say that you are craving some chocolate chip cookies. You want the cookies so bad to the point that you
imagine that the cookies are in front of your face even though they are not really there. Things like that can cause you to crave the cookies more and
more as long as you are sitting there and thinking about them. Examples like that show you exactly why illusions are detriment's instead of being values.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Tempest is an example of where you see those type of illusions. The character Prospero is a sorcerer who practices white magic that is not
affiliated with black magic and evil. There was an incident in Act III, Scene III where Alonso, Sebastian, Antonio and Gonzalo gathered around the
dinner table to sit down for dinner and during this point a possession of spirits enter the room with a banquet of food. Prospero is the last one to
enter the room but he is invisible and no one sees him. Just as they prepare to eat, Ariel enters the room and makes the food disappear with a laugh.
The food that they were going to eat can be perceived as either real or fake but due to the fact that sorcerers were near that will something they will
never

Al Seckel Visual Illusions
Al Seckel, a cognitive neuroscientist, explores the idea that a violation in our visual perception can cause us to feel a sense of joy during a TedTalk
presentation in Monterey, California on February 26, 2004. He elaborates on this idea by presenting the audience with various examples of visual
illusions concerning a violation in depth, colour, shape, size, and etc. The lecture is packed with various types of visual illusions ranging from old to
new, from artists such as Leonardo Da Vinci to Arthur Ganson and he even included several examples of the visual illusions he has created. His
hypothesis regarding the delight in visual illusions is correct, as throughout the lecture, when presented with new visual illusions the audience is
entertained and joyful.
Textual Connections
Several connections can be drawn between the topics and types of visual illusions covered in the textbook and the types of visual illusion shown by Al
Seckel in the TedTalk lecture. One of the connections I was able to draw from reading the chapter in the textbook regarding visual illusions and
watching the TedTalk lecture was the violation of size, accomplished by using a converging line. The textbook shows the Ponzo Illusion, where the
line closer to the converging line is perceived as being much larger than the line farther away from the converging line (Cramer et al., 2017). Al
Seckel shows an image he has created using the Ponzo Illusion, called Pick on Someone Your Own Size (Seckel, 2007). In

Analysis Of Capitalism : Child Labor
According to Andre Bazin various artists throughout time have strived to create art that either had realistic, like renaissance art, or illusionary, like
some forms of modern art, qualities. He then goes on to argue that these photography was able to best 'plastic art', namely painting, in both of these
aspects. Capitalism: Child Labor, a film directed Ken Jacobs in 2006, expands on the illusionary and realistic nature of photography by introducing the
viewer to stimuli that causes psychological and physiological effects that still images, cannot, or cannot as effectively, induce. Those effects, on the
realistic side, being autostereograms, and on the illusionary side, being afterimages and even illness. After the invention of the camera obscura, Bazin
claims that "the artist was now in a position to create the illusion of three–dimensional space within which things appeared to exist as our eyes in reality
see them." He also claimed that photographers and artist attempted to "duplicate the outside world" And so they did. Artists were able to create 2d
paintings with realistic looking depth and so were photographers. However, it was not until 1959 when Bela Julesz invented a way to create images
which actually fooled the brain into thinking it was 3D without any visual aid, like glasses. This was called an autostereogram. Upon examination of the
12:14 to 12:17 mark, one can see a handful of frames exhibiting very slightly different angles of a child's face. A similar

Visual Illusions Are A Phenomena That Arise From...
Visual illusions are a phenomena that arise from misperception of the observed object's properties. Visual illusions allow us to study the difference
between the objective reality and our interpretation of the perceived visual stimuli or the way our brains process visual information, in order to
develop a general understanding of our visual system (Carrasco, 1986); In spite of the relevance of this issue, general concensus is yet to be reached
on the origin of such phenomena
One representation is the Muller–Lyer (1889) Illusion (MLI), a geometric size illusion classically represented by modified perception of the length of a
line, influenced by arrowheads or arrowtails on its endpoints (Zeman et al, 2014). The MLI has been widely used attempting to explain the underlying
mechanism behind geometrical illusions; Gregory (1966) attributed the illusion to the 'misapplied size constancy scaling'influenced by depth cues;
Carrasco (1986), argued that visual channels are orientation and spatial–frequency specific after presenting the MLI to eight participants and observing
a reduction on the illusion after exposure to a low spatial frequency grid. Although evidence questioning this claim has been presented in many studies
(Carlson, Moeller, & Anderson, 1984) (GarcГa–Garibay & De Lafuente, 2015) (Zeman et al, 2014) (Zeman A. , Obst, Brooks, & Rich, 2013) where
the illusion persists in images absent of low spatial frequencies and has been assessed with the latest technology.
The

Compare and Contrast GibsonвЂ™s and GregoryвЂ™s theories of...
Compare and Contrast Gibson's and Gregory's theories of perception Gibson's and Gregory's theories of perception both suggest that eye–retina is
important for perception. The both believe that without eye–retina, a person will not be able to see. This is a common view of both of the theories of
perception. The idea is supported by the case of SB. SB was a man who had been blind from birth due to cataracts. When he was 52, he had an
operation which restored his sight and hence he could see. Thus, this case has shown the importance of eye–retina for things to be perceived. And
therefore, supports both of theories of perception which eye–retina is essential for perception.
Gibson believes in the direct theories of perception which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It may be that a genetic predisposition to perception exists, but that situational factors also have to be in place for it to develop.
Apart from the above, there are a few more differences between Gibson's and Gregory's theories of perception. Gregory believes that additional
processing is required for perception which some forms of background knowledge is needed to make sense of the environment than just the sensory
input while Gibson believes that perception is part of an inbuilt adaptive mechanism for survival which does not rely on stored knowledge or past
experience.
Gregory believes that expectations have an impact on perceptions which Gibson disagrees. There is empirical evidence supporting the idea of
Gregory, and this comes from a study carried out by Simons and Levin. 50% of the participants failed to realise that there was a switch of people.
This is probably due to the fact that the participants had not expected a change of person. Hence, they were unable to perceive it. Furthermore, a
study carried out by Selfridge also supports the idea of Gregory. Selfridge's study demonstrates that our perceptions are mediated by our expectations
as people are able to read the figures as ''the cat''. This is because people have the expectations of the cat as they are words in common usage. These
studies have shown that people saw what they have been

Research Paper On Muller Lyer Illusion
Abstract Colors, lengths of words, control of the length of the lines, timing of reviewing and recalling thing quickly can indicate how it affects
individual when they see things in an unexpected way. In this essay, I will be elaborating more about the different types of cognitive assessment
methods, such as "Attention; Stroop Effect, Perception; Muller–Lyer Illusion, Short–term memory: Remember 11 words/numbers/ pictures and
Long–term memory: Encoding Specificity.
Introduction At the point when people center, see something or even attempt to recall or review things, response timing and precision is constantly
distinctive. Stroop effect tests allow individual to oversee colors on an entire new other level. Muller–Lyer Illusion ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Essentially, in the same way as Reder, Anderson and Bjork (1974) trial 1, exhibited by slide projector, at 3.5 seconds, three sets of words in tens;
with the one set of words one line is indicated in uppercase letters and an alternate straightforwardly underneath is lowercase. The quantity of words
were recorded to ascertain the mean of individuals recollect words signaled and uncued. The more number of words recalled, the better the long term
memory of

Optical Illusions
Harvard Cases for BBUS 521 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Southwest Airlines (A), Reprint # 9–575–060 Cumberland Metal Reprint # 9–580–104 Optical
Distortion Reprint # 9–575–072 Biopure Corp. # 598–150 Nestle Refrigerated Foods, # 9–595–035 Aqualisa Quartz: Simply a Better Shower:
9–502–030 Fashion Channel: Market Segmentation, # 2075 Case Preparation Questions: The list provided below for each case are Preparation
Questions. They are not meant to be comprehensive nor are they to be answered in sequence. They are provided to help guide your thinking and to
ensure that you have not left out critical issues in your analysis. INDIVIDUAL CASE: Discussion Analysis: Southwest Airlines (A), PREPARE for
Discussion Only:: Why did Muse and King start an... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
what market segments should ODI target? In which market segments should ODI concentrate its efforts? 3. What pricing strategy should ODI
adopt? What are the pros and cons of alternate pricing policies? Determine the price that they should initially set (and also recommend a dynamic
pricing policy). 4. What is a realistic goal for ODI by 1978? Important NOTE: Common ASSUMPTIONS FOR THE ODI CASE: 1. The number of
eggs lost due to trauma over the laying life of a bird (one year) is exactly ONE. 2. A conservative estimate of the reduction in feed trough depth when
birds are not debeaked is 3/8". Biopure Corp. # 598–150 1. 2. 3. 4. How do you assess Biopure's potential in the Human market? How is this potential
different from the Animal market? What are our SWOT to success in these two markets? What is the relationship between Oxyglobin and
Hemopure? How does Oxyglobin impact Hemopure? 5. What should we do with Oxyglobin? 6. What is the best way to release this if we go ahead?
I.e., what price should we charge; and how do we distribute this? 2 Nestle Refrigerated Foods 1. Using the BASES model described in Exhibit 9,
please forecast the estimated demand (trial & repeat) for the 2 pizza options under consideration by your firm: Pizza & Topping and Pizza Only. 2.
Most of the data needed for the forecasting exercise is available on pages 14 and 15 and on page 34 (Exhibit 21). 3. In general, how would you
compare the pizza

Sense Perception In The Matrix : Sense Perception
Sense perception is a way to gain information by using our sense: touch, feel, taste, see, hear, and smell, it is a way of knowing. When it comes to
ways of knowing, like sense perception, it is questionable whether or not it affects us in a positive or negative way. It can be argued if it is leading us
in the wrong direction. If you see it, do you believe it? Sense perception is one way that allows us to interact and communicate with each other and the
world. This is our primary way of knowing because our senses live experiences that we go through. Based on our senses we are to make
interpretations of the world. For example, in class, each pair was given a box. Inside the box, there was one metal ball, but you had to figure out
the structure or the form of a maze inside the box. We couldn't see inside the box, and we couldn't touch the inside of the box. By using our sense of
hearing and another way of knowing, imagination, we were able to make an educated guess of what the inside structure of the box looked like. Sense
perception can be limiting as a way of knowing because our senses can misguide and deceive us. Rene Descartes talks about the idea of whether or not
sense perception can identify what is real and what is false, which ties into the events that occurred in the Matrix. In the movie, The Matrix, Neo was
living a normal life until he was guided to the underworld to meet Morpheus (Greek god of dreams). Neo wants to what the matrix is, so he accepts

Examples Of Perception And Philosophical Problems With...
Title: Perception & philosophical problems with Perception
Name: Shubham Patle
Roll: 13110118
Word count: 2054
Perception & philosophical problems with Perception
First of all, let us know that what this "perception" is? In general, perception is the process by which we acquire the information about the world
around us and inside us, using our senses. For example If I feel that a red car is going by the road and a women is sitting on it, drinking coffee, then
first of all I should have sense that what is car, roads, red, coffee etc. These all perceptions require possession of concepts, but there exists another class
of perception that does not require any possession to perceive them. Let take example of a busy bus stand, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Two things always try to defend all the theory of relating perception and reality are illusion and hallucination. Many scenarios we have seen where
these two things are really making ourselves to scratch our heads. Let's look something on illusion. Illusion is nothing but distortion of our senses. It is
shared sometimes that illusion distort reality, but that is not the case, it is just a thought of some peoples. As we discussed above also that reality is
nothing but, a commonly experienced perception. Some illusions are due to the general assumptions made by our brain during perception. These
generalizations are made on a theory of human perception, which is called gestalt theory. But the major question comes to my mind is that why do I see
illusion or how any visual illusion is able to fool my

Joe Hill Magicians
Introduction
Audiences have at all times throughout history been amazed by illusions performed for them for the purpose of entertainment by the means of
"magicians." Some of these magicians include David Copperfield, who made the Statue of Liberty disappear, Harry Houdini, who was most famous
for his escape tricks, and Robert Houdin, who would "read" the audience's mind. In spite of the fact that many of these magicians appear to have done
their magic through some supernatural force, in reality, the magicians use their sleight of hand in order to change the perspective of the audience.
According to the article, "Magic as a Cooperative Deceit," the author states that magic is an attempt to change the belief of the audience that something
out ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The psychology of magic tricks is also affected from person to person. The experience of an individual may be different among other individuals
based on past experience and expectations. For example, this article, There's more to magic than meets the eye includes the illusion of a ball being
thrown up; however, the ball stays in the illusionist's hand. About 68% of people fall for the trick because of the fact that their expectation is that
the ball will go up and their past experience is the fact that they have seen a ball thrown up numerous times. Furthermore, the social cuing of the
illusionist inspired the social cuing of the audience into believing the direction of the ball to go up. Consequently, this shows that the audience of a
magician may not all be affected and some may experience no illusion. In addition, Illusions are based on many things. A good magician uses "The
Cooperative Principle". This law basically states that the cause precedes the effect in time, cause and effect are contiguous in time and place, and
there is a history of regularity in the precedence and contiguity of cause and effect. These rules may be applied to illusions due to the fact that the
magician uses the cooperation of the audience and their sleight of hand. The cause in a simple trick along the lines of pulling a rabbit is the magician's
sleight of hand and the effect

Beau Lotto: Optical Illusions Summary
The speaker of the video Beau Lotto: Optical illusions show how we see uses a more optical approach to grasp the audience's attention. At the
beginning of the video he show's colored dots to the audience and asks them to find the matching color on each board that have a different color
background. Lotto gives us a question to ponder about, "why is context everything?" He goes on showing a visual in black and white and how often
times without color we may not be able to interpret the image until the color is added. The speaker states that it's not what we see that is reality, but
the way or processing information with the visual aspect is how we see reality. The presenter continues to show visuals with color change to show that
the process... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Starts his presentation about the relationship of brain activity and conscious experiences. Do we see reality as it is? He shows an object within
eyesight of a person so in reality the person believes the object is then in front of them. If the person closes their eyes they will see a grey field but
does the reality of the object change that is in front of them? Hoffman states that we have misinterpreted our perceptions before with the world
being flat and also being the center of the universe. Hoffman begins to speak about vision is like a camera that takes a picture of reality as it is. The
eye is like a 131 megapixel camera. He states our eyes are construction everything that we see, and only what we need in the moment. He shows some
red disks that create a 3–D Cube, and dots that recreate moving bars. Reality is reconstructed because an object would still exist even if we have not
seen it. Vision is useful because it's so accurate. It's used as a survival

The Realization Of Sight In Eliab's Flawed Perception
Sight is perhaps the easiest deceived of all the senses as it cannot comprehend error. The human eye is unable to perceive the intangible, leading to
false judgement based on appearances alone. However, this fault can be overcome when reliance on sight becomes less prevalent. To admit
imperfection in society often equates itself to weakness, and is is preferable to avoid situations where even a trace of weakness is detectable. On the
contrary, flaws are not a weakness, simply a sign that the whole picture has yet to be completed. Visual illusions are presented as idle entertainment,
but they reveal how easily perspective can be fooled by a fleeting glance. Even upon close observation, numerous illusions cannot be resolved because
the brain refuses to accept its perception as somehow flawed, somehow weaker than another's. Necessarily, reminders that sight is not the sole judge of
character are widespread. Otherwise, the flawed perception of the surrounding world would become reality. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On introduction to a person, snap judgements are made about his or her personality and value based on their appearance. These first impressions are
incomplete portraits and unreliable, as appearances are able to be adjusted in seconds. In the Bible, the prophet Samuel visits a man, Jesse, and his
sons to select the next king of Israel. Samuel wished to choose Eliab, the firstborn, because of his physical appearance, but the Lord rejected him
because Samuel was unable to see that Eliab's character was unfit for ruling. The assumption that appearance reflects personality will lead to deception
and being taken advantage of when the misconception is not

Analysis Of Mad Shadows
Does every family treat each other with love and respect? Are all families in a healthy relationship with one another? In the book Mad Shadows, the
answer to these questions are clearly displayed. Mad shadows, is a fictional novel written by Marie–Claire Blair. It tells the story of an unusual family
who have been in a prolong feud with one another, which is the by–product of their illusions. The character, Louise, is the mother of the family in this
story. Her superficial view and denial of truth is the root cause of the dysfunction, misery, and jealousy in her family, consequently fueling her own
death and destruction by the end of her tragic life. All of Louise's illusions had a beginning stage when they in entered her life. One of these delusions
is the fact that she views the world in a superficial manner, connection self worth only to beauty. An example of this could be seen when she is given
the symbolic representation of a prostitute, seducing her husband by using her beauty and charm. This provides background information about her
illusion, stating it has been a part of her life from the beginning. This twisted view also feeds into her other misconception which is that her son, Patrice,
must be intelligent because of his beautifully sculpted face and body, but nonetheless is dumb. In the quote "Louise did not question the intelligence of
her ten–year–old Adonis. He spoke very little, but she attributed this speechlessness, like the silence of the gods, to

Gender And Optical Illusions
Introduction Paragraph
In my science fair project I tested whether gender matter in the way people see optical illusions. I tested this because it sounded fascinating, and also
interesting. Optical Illusions now in day, it's used in many ways. They can be used as a way to trick people, to learn about sensory perception, and to
learn about how the brain perceives lighter values and dark values.
Research Summary
Optical illusions fool our brains by taking shortcuts, because the brain can't take everything at once. Our brain is able to perceive lighter values more
quickly than dark values. Our sense of light and dark becomes unreliable during this.
Cognitive Illusions have four different categories of illusions which are Distorting, ambiguous, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Other people were not at school because they were sick, which caused me to find other people to do it instead of the ones I had planned to do it
with. Also, sometimes the place I was going to use had people in it, which caused me to look for another place and sometimes to postpone. And I
learned that putting 5 people in a room is not the best way to do the optical illusions, because some people talk to each other even though they are not
allowed to. If I did this experiment again, I would fix every single difficulty I had in this

Optical Illusions Research Paper
Illusions can be early illusions, twentieth century illusions, twenty–first century illusions, and new illusions. Optical illusions started out in ancient
Greece. John R. Opel made one of the earliest optical illusion in 1854. Many optical illusions have been found in cave paintings. An optical illusion is
not appraised as an invention, but instead the result of a man mimicking the geometric form seen in nature. First, our eyes skim, then our brains tend to
jump to conclusions. The impact on seeing something starts with light rays bouncing off an object. These rays enter the eyes through the cornea. The
cornea is a transparent layer forming the front of the eye. The cornea refracts the light rays as they go through dark part of the eye, called the pupil.
The iris(a flat, colored, ring–shaped membrane behind the cornea of the eye, with an adjustable circular opening(pupil) in the center) contracts or
expands to change the amount of light that goes through.Then, the light rays go through the lens of your eye, biconvex structure in the eye that, along
with the cornea, helps to refract light to be focused on the retina. Last, the cell in the retina, called cones and rods, turn the light into electrical signals.
That gets sent through the optic nerves, where the mind clarifies them.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are two other types, but all trick your eyes and brain. The first type is physiological illusion. The physiological illusions are created when your
brain and eyes have too much stimulus. The stimulus could be light, movement, or color. An example of a physiological illusion would be the
images that you see after staring at a bright light. The other type of illusion is a cognitive illusion. They are pictures that cause an object to look
distorted. For example, the spinning snakes is a type of cognitive illusion. The snakes look like they are moving but are actually still. The shape of the
snakes make them appear to be

Which of Our Faculties Do You Think Is More Reliable -...
Which of our faculties do you think is more reliable – reason or perception? Give reasons. There are four ways of knowing. Reason is the way we
obtain knowledge by means of our justifications and perception is the way we obtain knowledge by means of our experiences. People take different
views on which one of our faculties is more reliable between reason and perception. As far as I am concerned, I would like to prefer reason tend to be
more trustworthy. Two thirds of what we see is behind our eyes but perceptual illusions always exist in our life. And reason seems to give us certainty
of judgment. The way we see something depends partly on the context in which we see it while sometimes the truth is hid by the visual ... Show more
Perception is unreliable as we are not always having a normal attitude when we try to know about something or have to make a judgment. In contrast,
reason can help us to detect the truth clearly. According to Sherlock Holmes, who prided himself on having made the 'faculties of deduction and
logical synthesis' his 'special province'. In one mystery concerning the theft of and expensive race horse, a police officer asks Holmes if any aspect of
the crime strikes him as significant. The solution to this crime hinges on the fact that the watchdog guarding the horse did not bark in the night, and
from this Holmes deduces that the thief must have been known to the dog. Formally, we can lay out Holmes' reasoning process as follows:
Watchdogs bark at strangers.
It did not bark at the thief.
Therefore the thief was not a stranger.
In this case, how can we use perception to judge any truth? Well, we may not have Homes' power of deduction, we are constantly using reason to go
beyond the immediate evidence of our senses. This means that perception is not enough as our senses can all too easily mislead us. As La
Rochefoucauld said, 'The head is always fooled by the heart.' All in all, reason is a safe faculty than perception. Sometimes we may mislead by
perception unintentionally. And in contrast, reason is able to give us more certainty

What are Optical Illusions? Essay
One wonders what an optical illusion is, "an optical illusion is a visually perceived image that differs from reality." (Eifrig, 2014, n.p.). There are so
many different types of optical illusions in which play with the brains of people. Optical illusions are normal because the majority of humans
experience them. Humans' vision tries its best to figure out what is happening to the picture, which then creates an image contradicting reality.
Sometimes illusions can be entertaining because it fools the brain and one tries to figure out the image shown. Illusions cannot only be in a form of art
but sometimes it happens whenever reading something without putting much effort.
Optical illusions are images that contradict real life. Meaning that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Perception is quite an important piece in real life as well. The power of perceptions is amazing how it can actually help one or bring one down. One
has the power to determine the response from events. "Perceptions begin when the human brain receives data from the body's five sense." (Enayati, A.,
2012, p.2). An example that demonstrates how perception is able to help is Victor Frankl, a Jewish psychiatrist who lived three years in a Nazi
concentration camp during World War II. Frankl became aware that he had only one freedom during that time which was the freedom to determine
his response for a sorrowful truth. To imagine is to have the power to decide the response to events. Frankl decided that he would image seeing his
wife, teaching students about what happened during the Holocaust, and the lessons learned while being in camp. Ludimar Hermann developed the
Hermann Grid in 1870. The grid consists of black squares in which are in a grid, with white bars separating the black squares. "The fuzzy dot that
appears at the intersections of the bars is called an illusionary dot." (Blatchey, Moses, 2012, p.257). Humans are most likely to see the fuzzy dot in
lower saturation of color; color and saturation affect the perception of the fuzzy illusionary dot. The Scintillating Grid is the modern version of the
Hermann Grid. This grid uses special mechanisms that are in the brain and eyes. These special mechanisms help humans see edges clearly, as well as
seeing a boundary

Seeing Is Not Believing In Heartbeat By David Yoo
Optical Illusions fool your brain by seamlessly, making your brain think that something still, is actually moving. This is a prime example of your brain
just perceiving, and not actually seeing the reality of the image. Seeing is not believing because your eyes see things that are different than what is
actually happening. This can happen due to many reasons such as, letting your emotions cloud your own judgment, seeing an optical illusion, or even
not adding up the details and failing to realize what is actually going on. In these following paragraphs, I will explain why I believe that seeing is not
believing.
In the story "Heartbeat" by David Yoo, Dave is so skinny that his heartbeat shows from the outside of his body. Thus giving him the nickname of
heartbeat. In line 3 Dave explains how everybody thinks that he is weakling because he is so skinny. In lines 11– 21 it explains how Dave tries to
gain weight by working out, eating weight gaining foods, and minimizing movement. But this whole time Dave did not see that he was actually
healthy. Instead, he got depressed and felt that he was out of place. In lines 39 – 40 it explains how Dave starts to wear 4 t–shirts so that it looks like
that he has gained weight. In reality, Dave was actually healthy,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some the earliest optical illusions date back all the way to 450 B.C. and were made by Epicharmus and Protagoras. From tricking us that a duck is
actually a rabbit to making us believe that a still image is moving, optical illusions give us the sense that we are seeing something that is actually not
happening. In reality, an image might be some black and white circles but, to our eyes the might look like it's moving. I believe that you can't trust
your eyes in these situations because your eyes are sending the wrong information to your brain. Optical Illusions are an interesting way in how our
eyes are tricked into seeing and believing the wrong

Visual Search Case Studies
1.) Visual Search – In this activity I participated in a classic psychological experiment that uses visual search tasks to explore fundamental process of
visual perception and attention. In general I learned that selective attention filters enable us to make more automatic decisions about the stimuli around
us, including which items to pay attention to during a visual search. Also, since your brain is always active and sees visual sights and sensory
information, your mind copes by automatically screening or filtering incoming sensory information to let in only what is most important.
Specifically, I learned that the first set of trials I did were the feature search part of the experience and the second set of trials were the conjunction
search part of the experience. What I learned about my self after doing this activity is that I had a quick reaction time on the first set of trials as I was
asked to find a blue circle amid orange squares and circles. But, on the second set of trials my reaction time was not as quick as it first was. On the
second set of trials, I was asked to find the blue circle amid blue squares and orange circles. I believe my reaction time was quicker on the first set of
trials due to the fact that I was just looking for the color blue among orange squares and circles, but on the second set of trials I was looking for a blue
circle among blue squares and orange squares. Therefore, the blue squares were distractors from the blue circle and I was forced

Senses Challenge
I took the Senses Challenge 3 times, and each time I learned something new.
At first I was trying my best to just look at the optical illusions and move the bar to the right spot or choose the correct answer, but I quickly realized
my naked eye was faulty.So, the second time going through the test I began using the edge of my phone to measure the bars and, on another question,
line then up. This proved successful, but I could not use measurements to determine how much I should enlarge one circle, surrounded by larger
circles, to match the other one, surrounded by smaller circles. Although I struggled on the first optical illusions, not to mention that I have already
seen similar ones before, I can see where people are so easily tricked into "believing what ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Standing in one corner was King Kong and in the other was Godzilla. By just looking at them they looked to be the same size, but when they began
walking towards each other it was clear that King Kong was larger. This worked because the back wall was higher on one side, which made King
Kong look shorter and the wall was lower on the side with Godzilla, which caused him to look taller than he was. The illusion did not stop there, one
side of the wall was also longer, this caused the object at the back of the wall appear smaller. (Senses Challenge, BBC) I also liked learning about
the auditory challenge. In the test there was a video of a woman making a sound. I watched the woman's mouth move and it did not match up with
the sound I was hearing, therefore this created an auditory illusion. One way I found to decipher sound and sight was to close my eyes and only
listen. That approach worked and I learned why sometimes what I hear and see do not make sense. (Senses Challenge, BBC)
I understand that it would be hard to experience taste on an online test but I did not like the questions over taste. Still, some of the explanations were

The World Theory, And This Term Basically Means
In the textbook, it mentions of a term called "Carpentered World Theory" and this term basically means "that it is a perception about how individual's
at least most American individuals see things that are shaped in a form of a rectangle unconsciously" (Juang & Matsumoto, Chapter 5, pg. 122). As for
the lecture notes, it mentions "how our culture is used to seeing objects in a rectangle shape" (Lecture notes). Thus is true, we see rectangle shapes all
the time while driving from place to place. For example would be the rectangle shape highway signs that we notice while driving past them. Another
example would be the signs that say do not turn right on red; these signs are in the form of a rectangle. Lastly, is our cell–phones; our modern ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In regards to the Mueller–Lyer illusion, the textbook mentions how "Rivers stated that most English saw the two lines more differently than any other
cultural groups such as India or New Guinea" (Juang & Matsumoto, Chapter 5, pg. 122). I decided to try an experiment with the Mueller–Lyer Illusion.
I decided to ask 3 close friends of mine that are typical Americans. All but one was fooled by this illusion. Then, I decided to ask 3 friends of mine
that are from a different culture, one of them lives in Australia, one is Korean and one was Native American. My friend who lives in Australia was
fooled by this illusion, whereas the Korean and Native American friend of mine stated it was the same length but the arrows were oppositely flipped. I
thought this was extremely interesting how each culture was either fooled or not fooled by this illusion. This proves to show that cultures could in–fact
view optical illusions differently because of either how they were raised or how they see the world in a different light than others in views on how
they interpret objects. In regards to the recognition of objects within a visual scene there are uniquely clear differences between Americans and
Japanese individuals. According to the textbook, it mentions how "Masuda and Nisbett (2001) did a research study that asked Japanese and Americans
to view an animated scene and then to recall how many objects were within that scene and how they found that there was

appearence and reality Essay
Appearance and Reality
In Chapter One Bertrand Russell basically wants to know the true meaning of "reality". The truth is that "reality" can never truly be determined. I
say this because there is a difference between believing and actually knowing. For example I know the desk in the front of the classroom is real. I
know this because all of my senses concur. Now when I try to determine to color, the texture or even the shape of the desk I will run into a problem.
Just as the example given in the text, the tables color may look difference according to the amount of light that is on it. If the amount of light is
changed the shade of the color will also change, therefore making ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
How can we truly know the feeling, or taste, or sound, or anything of any given object. If you touch something how do you know you felt it with
enough force? If you taste something how do you know you tasted enough of it? When you hear something how do you know if you heard right?
Another thing that Bertrand Russell speaks of is illusion. An illusion is an erroneous perception of reality. This is when the mind plays tricks. An
example is our dreams. When we awake we sometimes aren't sure if what had just happened was a dream or in fact a real occurrence. Another
example which everyone is familiar with is an optical illusion. When you see something from a distance and its appearance can be obscure. The
closer you find yourself to the obscurity, the less obscure it seems. If there is a something miles away from you in the distance, your eyes tell you that
there is nothing more than a mere dot. As the "dot" comes closer you eventually realize that it was not a dot, but was actually something different all
together. Once again it is nearly impossible to determine the "truth". All of our senses combined must agree upon the final result.
In conclusion it is hard to determine what is "real" and what is not. Even when consulting all of our senses what is "real" can still be questioned. How
do I as my own person know that my senses concur with someone else's senses? One's senses are determined by the person using

What Is Discovering Psychology?
When looking at illusions people have to understand how human's brain work and analices information on the surroundings. As the book " Discovering
psychology" by Don andSandra Hockenbury points out, sensation and perception play and important role when it comes to identifying objects.
Sensation is define as the way in which humans identify stimulus on their surroundings. For example, detecting odors and colors in nature. Moreover,
perception describes the process by which brain analyzes and understand sensations. When watching the Ted Talk "Al Seckel says our brains are mis
wired – powerful visual illusions" I selected the following the following illusions.
The illusion called Crazy Nuts by Jerry Andru really impresed me, it is amazing how

The Five Human Senses: The Sense Of Perceptions
The sense of Perception is the knowledge obtained throughout the frequent need of one of the five main human senses, such as taste, sight, hearing,
smell or touch.
For example, if a tree falls in the middle of nowhere, and no one is around to hear it (including animals), that does not make it a sound (which
basically is the wave movement of particles), because only animals and human beings can hear and perceive the movement of those particles through
the hearing, as far as we know.
Only through this knowledge are our bodies capable of identifying a peripheral stimulation.
It acts as a Way of Knowing (WOK), as it is used to obtain useful, as well as essential information for ourselves.
Humans often make predictions, through the building of their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They differentiate from each other, as the conscious proprioception is communicated from the spinal nerve (located in the Central Nervous System) to
the brain; and finally, as the unconscious proprioception is communicated within the brain, and, therefore, make involuntary (or automatic) movements.
The main benefit of proprioception is the fact that it is directly related to inner–balance, and reflexes (involuntary responses of the body), which reveal
a healthy body and mind, and, therefore, are advantageous and fundamental to humans.
The human body and its senses tend to fail quite frequently, and, therefore, many weaknesses are evident. Our senses are easily tricked, manipulated,
influenced by the environment and context, as well as very limited.
Optical illusions occur almost every day, due to visually perceived images, distorted by our fragile sight.
The eye processes an image that is then sent to the brain, but the image ends up not being accurate, and tricks both the eye and brain. There are three
types of optical illusions: literal, physiological and cognitive. The literal optical illusion is the most common during our daily

Transcendentalism In The 19th Century
To believe that the eyes constantly deprive the mind of truth is a concept that has yet to be accepted. The reasoning behind this is even easier to
comprehend; simply, our eyes give us sight to understand and navigate the world around us. However, there are times when sight can be deceived,
such cases include optical illusions. Illusionists utilize slight of hand among many other methods to deceive the eyes of the viewers. Artists on the
other hand use their own eyes to produce a framed work, occurring in the form of a painting or photograph. "Artists can search out more remote,
pictorially uncharted, regions of the earth to portray or they can refigure the familiar." These productions create a minor case of illusion that has affected
public ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Specifically, his work with the Sierra Club in the mid–twentieth century United States depicted nature as Edenic and unspoiled. Developing the
relationship between the western American wilderness and Eden itself allowed for a case to be made for the worthiness of preserving these natural
landscapes. Cronin states, "Photographs by Adams, in particular, currently occupy a place within the realms of both fine art and popular culture,
having been frequently reproduced on greeting cards, decorative posters, and wall calendars."2 Ansel Adams and the Sierra Club believed that these
images were substantial proof to persuade the general public to support conservation efforts. The ease and ability to produce and reproduce Adam's
photographs, which are still in circulation to this day, greatly impacted the consumption rate for American nature. Photographs are regarded as being
"true" images due to their respectable ability to present still images of reality. However, as I previously stated, these images are still constructed in
the fact that a prior composition has been chosen, and the natural landscapes have quite possibly been altered as well to fit popular ideas. The
American public, in its vast majority, still regards the photograph to be more "true" than a painting, and the images produced instilled a lust and
wonder for travel. Ansel Adams effectively aided in the conservation movements as well as

When can we trust our senses to give us truth? Essay
Since humans evolved, we've relied on our senses to guide us and help us survive, for without them, we'd have gone extinct a long time ago. Our
sight lets us view the world around, allowing us not only to spot danger, but also to explore, and discover new places and objects, whilst our hearing
allows us, for example, to survey our surrounding more efficiently. We've always needed our senses to survive, so much so that the idea of them being
untrustworthy is a worrying thought, but is it possible for this to happen, and can our senses be deceived?
The first issue is what actually is truth? There are many things that we perceive to be true, depending on perspective or our beliefs, which differ from
one person to the next, known as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, just by seeing the painting, we don't know the name of the painting unless it's labelled, the location of the landscape scene, or even if it
exists or not. The time it was painted could perhaps be determined, through a combination of sight and previous knowledge, but an accurate date is
unobtainable through senses alone. In this case our mind is aware it's lacking information, and if more is needed we can search for it, so our mind isn't
being deceived, as such. However, because it's not possible for our senses to provide a complete truth, it'd therefore be better to search for if it's
possible for our senses to deceive us or mislead us.
Delving into this deeper, how can we define something as an optical illusion as "true" or not? For example, a rainbow is considered to be real, and
people don't question their existence, but they're just optical illusions caused by the refraction of light through water droplets in the air, and don't
exist in a specific location in the sky at all, instead, it depends on the viewers location combined with the position of the sun in the sky. We can trust
our eyes to show us a rainbow, if ones around for us to view, but the rainbow isn't a real image, its simply light bent in different directions, so does this
make our perception false? An optical illusion such as rainbows, mirages, and magic eye images, exist in some ways, but not in others, so depending
on what type of existence we wish

Death Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller
Tewari2
In Arthur Miller 's play, Death of a Salesman, the major theme as well as the main source of conflict is Willy 's inability to distinguish between
reality and illusion. Willy has created a fantasy world for himself and his family, a world in which he and his sons are great men who "have what it
takes" to make it in the context of business and free enterprise. In reality, none of them can achieve greatness until they confront and deal with this
illusion.
An illusion is some event or object that appears to have existence but is actually does not, whereas, reality is composite of objects which have
attributes that we can observe and/or measure.
In broader terms, Reality is the state of things as they actually exist, rather than as they may appear or might be imagined. In a wider definition,
reality includes everything that is and has been, whether or not it is observable or comprehensible. A still broader definition includes everything that
has existed, exists, or will exist. Reality can be defined in a way that links it to world views or parts of them (conceptual frameworks): Reality is the
totality of all things, structures (actual and conceptual), events (past and present) and phenomena, whether observable or not. It is what a world view
(whether it be based on individual or shared human experience) ultimately attempts to describe or map.
Reality is often contrasted with what is imaginary, delusional, (only) in the mind, dreams, what is false, what is

Different Visual Illustrations in Perception Essay
Different Visual Illustrations in Perception How can visual illusions illustrate top down processes inperception? Contrast this with a visual illusion that
can be explained through bottom up processes.
Text Box:
Figure 1 Muller Lyer illusion
There are many suggestions to explain how visual illusions can be perceived. These suggestions include physical illusions, bottom up illusions and top
down illusions. An example of a physical illusion is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this illusion the lines in both A and B are the same length however the arrows pointing inwards in A make the line appear longer than when the
arrows point outwards as in B. Gregory explained this illusion in 1970 by suggesting that the lines are perceived as being three dimensional rather than
two–dimensional. This is shown in figure 2 where A is shown as the inside of the room and B shown as the outside. By perceiving the objects in
this way A becomes further away than B. However given that the lines are of the same size by applying the principle of size constancy it can be
concluded that A is perceived as being longer than B. For this to be perceived knowledge about what the outside and inside of a building looks like
must be taken into account. This therefore shows how prior knowledge is used when the image is perceived and so shows how the Muller Lyer
illusion is perceived through top down processing.
Similarly the Г‚'Necker CubeГ‚' illusion (figure 3) can also be explained through top down processing. In this illusion the cube flips between two
different interpretations of the picture whereby one of the faces of the cube can appear to be at the front of the cube but also can appear to be at the
back of the cube. Work carried out by Wheatstone

Optical Illusions In Greek Essay
Visual perception is the ability to process and organize visual information from the environment. A reoccurring theme throughout history is the study of
perception the time of the ancient Greek has been whether perceptual processes are learned or inherited. Greek philosophers have a systematic thought
on perception in the sources of human knowledge. Many researchers and theoreticians in perception discussed below have historically been the subject
of much research and how they pose continuing challenges. Optical illusion is a perception that is not true to reality, having been altered subjectively
in some way in the mind of the perceiver (Collins Dictionary). For things like optical illusions, forced perception, and blindness pose problems with
visual perspectives. Optical Illusions were first created by Epicharmus, a Greek philosopher and Protagorus, also another Greek philosopher in 450 B.C.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Protagorus believed that the environment was to blame for the misleading view not the senses. Forced perception is the use of objects or images
that are larger or smaller than they should be, to advocate that they are nearer or further way than they really are (Collins Dictionary). Forced
perspective is a form that was most commonly used by the Greeks in architecture. They built their temples so roofs were slanted, giving the illusion
that the temple was standing straight. They also made their columns bulge so from a distance they would look proportional. Blindness is the state or
condition of being unable to see or having lack of perception or awareness. The history of the blind is difficult to pinpoint. However, we do know the
blind were not regarded has being any value to the society. It is reported that in many of the early civilizations, blind babies were abandoned and left
for death (Action

Examples Of Optical Illusions
Optical illusions are fascinating. They trigger a different part of the mind that makes someone think. As early as a child's elementary years, teachers
use optical illusions to get them to participate. They are used so that a child can see different perspectives and the bigger picture. Illusions are also
used in therapy and psychology. There are various examples of optical illusions that can trigger one's mind. Popular ones include the cafГ© illusion
(wherein the lines appear to be crooked but are in fact quite parallel) and the spinning silhouette (the girl that appears to be spinning clockwise and
counterclockwise). Nowadays, more people are noticing the impact of illusions and are able to appreciate it as a new form of art. This appreciation of
theirs is evident because of the amount of people who visit Art in Island, a 3D art museum located in Cubao.
Optical illusions are made because our minds are not capable of viewing the two pictures or same cuts at one time. They use color and light to mess
around with our brain, therefore creating the so–called illusion. It does not really have to do anything with the optics, but it more of the brain itself.
The different responses of the brain attract the observer making them think about the hidden image. Optical illusions also have been around for a long
time. Some examples like W.E.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It allows spectators to interact with the art piece by taking pictures. Illusion art is also completed by with the painting's shadow and the performance
of the audience. In Art in Island, there is a wide array of illusion art. There are two floors full of paintings wherein one could be an angel, a part of a
famous painting, a knight, or even a mermaid. Illusion art does not only entertain, but it also gets a person's creative juices

MГјller-Lyer Illusion Lab Report
This study examines if an increase in fin angle reduces the magnitude of the MГјller–Lyer Illusion. 50 Undergraduate students from Penn State
University, including 26 females and 24 males between the age of 19 and 26 volunteered for this study. The experiment is conducted through Online
Psychology Laboratory, where participants use computer mouses to match the adjustable lines to the lines with fins across 11 different fin angles. The
results of the experiment confirm there is a negative linear relationship between fin angle and the average adjustment error indicating a decrease in the
magnitude of the MГјller–Lyer Illusion.
Illusions are important psychological phenomenon which demonstrates how sensation does not always equate perception as other factors complicate
our interpretations of sensory information. There are many types of illusion including optical, aural and auditory. The MГјller–Lyer illusion is a classic
example of optical illusion introduced by psychologist Franz Carl MГјller–Lyer. (Kazdin, 2000). It involves lines with fins attached at the ends
pointing in different directions. The orientation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The independent variable here is fin angle which varies from 15 degrees to 165 degrees in 15 degree intervals. On the other hand, the dependent
variable in this experiment is the adjustment error which is computed by subtracting the length of the adjustable line from the length of the line with
fins. A positive difference implies an underestimation of the length of lines with fins while the reverse is also true. Therefore, the hypothesis of this
study is that as fin angles increase, average adjustment errors decreases in a linear manner, demonstrating an overall negative linear

Phantom Limb Research Paper
Elizabeth Carter
Human Anatomy & Physiology I
11/23/14
Professor Monks
Phantom Limbs When a person loses a limb, it is never a clean cut; whether it be the remnants of gore from the cut, the trauma of the loss, or the
non–physical remnant of the limb itself, known as Phantom Limb Syndrome. Despite effecting 80% of all amputees, the sensation itself continues to
mystify neuroscientists and is not yet fully understood. The most popularized type of phantom are the painful ones, seeing as it affects 50–80% of
amputees regardless of whether their amputation was traumatic or done in a hospital for their health, but phantom limbs are not all painful and can
come in many shapes, sizes, and types of sensations. (873) The first description of a phantom limb was by a 16th century French military ... Show more
Some theories suggest it is caused by cortical reorganization within the brain after the loss of several nerve endings. One of the final operations done
by Tim Pons and Edward Taub on the infamous Silver Spring monkeys revealed that monkeys who were depraved of sensory input from their arms
through deafferentation still had active brain maps for those arms, which were actually processing input from the face. This is similar to another study
done by V.S. Ramachandran of an amputee using the psuedonym Tom Sorenson, whom lost his arm below the elbow and complained of an itch in his
missing limb. When stimulating certain parts of Sorenson's face, Sorenson reported he could feel the sensation on his limb and the itch was
successfully scratched. An MEG confirmed that Tom's hand and face map were both receiving input from the stimuli, showing the near–by maps had
blurred together. (129) Although these cases help to support that phantom limb syndrome is a direct result of the brain scrambling to reorganize itself,
there are some that contest it and have other theories in

Gender and Optical Illusions Essay examples
Do Boys and Girls See Optical Illusions Differently?
[pic]
Do Boys and Girls See Optical Illusions Differently?
The goal of this paper is to focus on how gender affects what people see in optical illusions. The differences of male and female brains affect how
boys and girls act and perceive the world. If there's a difference in the vision of boys and girls then there will probably be a difference in how they see
an optical illusion. Studies show that there are multiple differences in the male and female brain. There are different types of optical illusions, but this
paper is mainly about ambiguous illusions because that is what will be used in the experiment. Ambiguous illusions are pictures with multiple images
in them. Evidence ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The left side IPL is bigger then the right side of the male brain, but for women the right side is larger. Past studies have shown that the left IPL is
larger in Albert Einstein's brain and the brain of other physicists and mathematicians. The left IPL is responsible for perception of time and speed, and
the ability to rotate three dimensional objects, while the right side is responsible for memory involved in understanding and manipulating spatial
relationships, and the perception of our affects and feelings. There are also two areas in the frontal–temporal lobes related to language that is larger in
women. Women process language on both sides of the frontal brain, while men process it only on the left side. This might suggest why men are better
at things like calculations and estimating time, and women are better with emotions and communicating. There are many other differences in the male
and female brains. There are more differences in men and women then boys and girls. Cultural learning creates an even larger difference! Other studies
have shown that more feminine women have a larger straight gyrus (SG) then less feminine women, though the difference hasn't been shown to change
how they act or think. Multiple studies have shown that males have an advantage with the left eye that affect perception of photographed faces,
scattered dots, and line orientations. But there are no differences with

Valerie Thomas Research Paper
Have you ever thought of how cool it is to be able to sit and watch a movie in which the images appear to come out at you in 3–D? If so, and even if
you haven't, you have Valerie
Thomas to thank. Valerie Thomas made and patented the Illusion Transmitter which later led to
3–Dimensional images. This was a big contribution to our modern day technology and even
NASA research. Valerie Thomas is one out of many African
–Americans who influenced
American history.
Valerie Thomas was born in 1943 in Maryland. While Growing up, she was always interested in technology. Once, Valerie watched her dad take apart
their television. She was mesmerized by all the mechanical parts, thus, sparking her interest in technology. Thomas loved making and tinkering with ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With flat mirrors, it would produce a reflection that would seem to lie behind the surface of a glass. With concave mirrors, the reflection would appear
to be out in front of a mirror, thus, producing a three–dimensional optical illusion. After these findings, Thomas believed that this method could be
used in a more accurate representation of video data. She not only viewed this as a potential breakthrough for commercial television, but also an
opportunity for NASA and its image delivery system.
After a year of working with her process, Thomas applied for a patent on December 28,
1978, and the patent was issued on October 21, 1980. This innovation was like the method of holographic generation of picture recording which
utilizes rational radiation and utilizes front wave recreation systems. Explanatory mirrors can render these optical figments with the utilization of an
inward reflect close to the subject and a second curved reflect at a remote site. In the depiction of her patent, the procedure was clarified: Optical
illusions may be produced by parabolic mirrors wherein such images produced thereby are possessed with three–dimensional attributes. The optical
effect may be explained by the fact that the human eyes see an object

Can Art Change The Way We View The World

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